Готові списки джерел за темами / Astronomy research

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Astronomy research"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 29 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Astronomy research"

1

Faizah, Nur, and Nura'zirah Binti Roslan. "THE ROLE OF SINDHIND ZIJ AS THE FIRST ISLAMIC ASTRONOMICAL CALCULATION TABLE IN INDIAN CIVILIZATION." Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy 5, no. 2 (October 30, 2023): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/al-hilal.2023.5.2.18158.

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Astronomy has developed in India since prehistoric times. However, astronomy’s first work appeared during the Vedanga Jyotisa era, written by Lagadha, the oldest literary book in India. Using qualitative methods with a library research approach, it was found that Indian astronomers researched Astronomy and wrote books. One of the books that first made Muslim scientists interested in the world of astronomy was the book Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta, which was translated into Arabic by Al-Fazari (d. 796 AD) during the Caliphate of Al-Manṣūr from the Abbasid dynasty. Al-Fazari (d. 796 AD) became the first Muslim astronomer to compile Zij, with his calculations converted into the Hijri Calendar. After Al-Fazari (d. 796 AD) collected this Zij, other Zijs were born, which became the forerunners for the composition of the epimeris and other counts. Around the beginning of the 11th century, Al-Biruni (973-1048 AD) spread da'wah to India and introduced the study of Islamic astronomy in India.
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2

Pasachoff, Jay M. "ASTRONOMY EDUCATION RESEARCH." American Journal of Physics 73, no. 11 (November 2005): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1947199.

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3

Martins, Caroliny Capetta, and Germano Bruno Afonso. "Metodologias ativas para o ensino de astronomia indígena na educação de surdos." Revista Educação, Pesquisa e Inclusão 1 (December 22, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18227/2675-3294repi.v1i0.6660.

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Анотація:
O presente artigo versa sobre a importância do uso das metodologias ativas na educação de alunos surdos, no que se refere ao ensino de Astronomia Indígena, principalmente na construção da réplica de um Observatório Solar Indígena, que é um equipamento educacional que permite determinar o meio-dia solar, os pontos cardeais e as estações do ano. O objetivo deste estudo é buscar a criatividade, inciativa e a inclusão escolar de alunos surdos, envolvendo-os em atividades em que tenham que tomar decisões e avaliar resultados, com apoio de vídeos em Libras. Justifica-se essa pesquisa pelas atuais mudanças educacionais, pela precariedade de ações inovadoras para a construção do conhecimento ocorrer de forma efetiva. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e as metodologias ativas, para um projeto denominado “Astronomia Indígena para Surdos: Observatório Solar Indígena”. O objetivo do estudo de astronomia indígena em Libras, para a inclusão e equidade na educação de alunos surdos foi alcançado. Evidencia-se, nesse estudo, a necessidade de mais pesquisas voltadas ao público surdo, principalmente referente a temática Astronomia Ocidental e Indígena, através de métodos de ensino que proporcionem a esses discentes, uma inclusão de qualidade. Devido ao interesse que o tema desperta nos alunos, pretendemos ampliá-lo utilizando, no lugar de Libras, as línguas de sinais de algumas comunidades indígenas, que tenham alunos surdos.ACTIVE METHODOLOGIES FOR TEACHING INDIGENOUS ASTRONOMY IN THE DEAF EDUCATIONThis article deals with the importance of using active methodologies in the education of deaf students, with regard to the teaching of Indigenous Astronomy, mainly in the construction of the replica of an Indigenous Solar Observatory, which is an educational equipment that allows determining the solar noon, cardinal points and seasons of the year. The objective of this study, is to seek creativity, initiative and school inclusion of deaf students, involving them in activities in which they have to make decisions and evaluate results, with the support of videos in the Brazilian sign language. This research is justified by the current educational changes, by the precariousness of innovative actions to build knowledge effectively. The methodology used was bibliographic research and active methodologies, for a project called “Indigenous Astronomy for Deaf People: Indigenous Solar Observatory”. The objective of the Indigenous astronomy study in Brazilian Sign Language, for inclusion and equity in the education of deaf students was achieved. In this study, the need for more research aimed at the deaf audience, mainly regarding the Western and Indigenous Astronomy theme, is evidenced, through teaching methods that provide these students with a quality inclusion. Due to the interest that the topic arouses in students, we intend to expand it using, instead of the Brazilian Sign Language, the sign languages of some indigenous communities that have deaf students.KEYWORDS: Active Methodologies; Deaf Education; Indigenous Astronomy; Inclusion.METODOLOGÍAS ACTIVAS PARA LA ENSEÑANZA DE ASTRONOMÍA INDÍGENA EN LA EDUCACIÓN PARA SORDOSEste artículo trata sobre la importancia de utilizar metodologías activas en la educación de los estudiantes sordos, en lo que respecta a la enseñanza de la Astronomía Indígena, principalmente en la construcción de la réplica de un Observatorio Solar Indígena, que es un equipamiento educativo que permite determinar la jornada solar, puntos cardinales y estaciones. El objetivo, el estudio, es buscar la creatividad, la iniciativa y la inclusión escolar de los estudiantes sordos, involucrándolos en actividades en las que tienen que tomar decisiones y evaluar resultados, con el apoyo de videos en libras. Esta investigación se justifica por los cambios educativos actuales, por la precariedad de acciones innovadoras para construir conocimiento de manera efectiva. La metodología utilizada fue la investigación bibliográfica y metodologías activas, para un proyecto denominado “Astronomía indígena para sordos: Observatorio Solar Indígena”. El objetivo del estudio de la astronomía india en libras, para la inclusión y equidad en la educación de los estudiantes superará para lograr. En este estudio se evidencia la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones dirigidas a la audiencia sorda, principalmente en la temática de Astronomía Occidental e Indígena, a través de métodos de enseñanza que brinden a estos estudiantes una inclusión de calidad. Investigando el interés que el tema despierta en los estudiantes, pretendemos expandirlo utilizando, en lugar de libras, las lenguas de señas de algunas comunidades indígenas, como los estudiantes sordos.PALABRAS CLAVE: Metodologías activas; Educación para sordos; Astronomía indígena; Inclusión.
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4

Wang, Jingxiu. "Astronomy Research in China." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 3 (2001): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00000778.

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AbstractDecades of efforts made by Chinese astronomers have established some basic facilities for astronomy observations, such as the 2.16-m optical telescope, the solar magnetic-field telescope, the 13.7-m millimeter-wave radio telescope etc. One mega-science project, the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), intended for astronomical and astrophysical studies requiring wide fields and large samples, has been initiated and funded.To concentrate the efforts on mega-science projects, to operate and open the national astronomical facilities in a more effective way, and to foster the best astronomers and research groups, the National Astronomical Observatories (NAOs) has been coordinated and organizated. Four research centers, jointly sponsored by observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and universities, have been established. Nine principal research fields have received enhanced support at NAOs. They are: large-scale structure of universe, formation and evolution of galaxies, high-energy and cataclysmic processes in astrophysics, star formation and evolution, solar magnetic activity and heliogeospace environment, astrogeodynamics, dynamics of celestial bodies in the solar system and artificial bodies, space-astronomy technology, and new astronomical techniques and methods.
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5

Polojentsev, Dmitry D. "Astronomy Research in Bolivia." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 3 (2001): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00000808.

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1. An astronomical expedition from Pulkovo observatory in Bolivia, near Tarija was organized in 1982. The first telscope was an astrograph (D=23 cm, F=230 cm, field = 5x5 degrees). Sucsessful observations on this instrument are still being made. In all 7 astronomical instuments were installed. Now they are the National Bolivian Observatory.
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6

Rebull, L. M. "NITARP, the NASA/IPAC Teacher Archive Research Program." Physics Teacher 60, no. 4 (April 2022): 312–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/10.0010004.

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Анотація:
Have you ever wanted to get into astronomical data? I mean REALLY into astronomical data? The NASA/IPAC Teacher Archive Research Program (NITARP) gets teachers involved with real astronomy data and research. We partner small groups of (largely) high school educators with a professional astronomer mentor for an original research project. The educators incorporate the experience into their classrooms and share their experience with other teachers. The program runs for a full year, January through January. Applications are available annually: posted in May and closed in September.
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7

Cardoso, Jorge, Décio Martins, Helmuth Malonek, and Carlos Fiolhais. "Manuel dos Reis e a Astronomia em Portugal de 1930 a 1970." História da Ciência e Ensino: construindo interfaces 20 (December 29, 2019): 550–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2019v20p550-567.

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Resumo Descreve-se a evolução do Observatório Astronómico da Universidade de Coimbra de 1930 a 1970, destacando- se o exercício das funções de diretor por Manuel dos Reis (1900-1992), de 1934 a 1970. Fonte primordial é o espólio documental de Manuel dos Reis à guarda do Arquivo da Universidade de Coimbra, que inclui programas, lições, problemas, exames, estudos e notas, e outros manuscritos sobre História da Astronomia, Astronomia (Geral, Mecânica, Esférica e Geodésica), Astronomia Medieval, e Astronomia Náutica dos Descobrimentos. Engloba ainda listas bibliográficas, rascunhos das comunicações e discursos sobre Astronomia Náutica proferidos na Academia das Ciências de Lisboa. Apresenta-se, em particular, um documento datilografado, inédito, provavelmente da década de 30, com o título “Reorganização do ensino da Astronomia e da investigação astronómica”, onde Reis, após descrever brevemente a história da Astronomia, refere a Astrofísica como o “novo capítulo da Astronomia”, e reflete sobre o ensino e investigação da Astronomia, e sobre o funcionamento dos Observatórios Astronómicos de Coimbra e de Lisboa (Tapada da Ajuda), e do Observatório Meteorológico do Porto (Serra do Pilar).Palavras-chave: História da Astronomia em Portugal; Astrofísica, Observatório Astronómico da Universidade de Coimbra. Abstract The evolution of the Astronomical Observatory of the University of Coimbra from 1930 to 1970 is described, highlighting Manuel dos Reis (1900-1992) role as director from 1934 to 1970. Main source is the collection of Manuel dos Reis documentation in the Archive of the University of Coimbra, which includes programs, lessons, problems, exams, studies and notes and other manuscripts on the History of Astronomy, Astronomy (General, Mechanical, Spherical and Geodesical), Medieval Astronomy, Nautical Astronomy of the Portuguese Discoveries. It also includes lists of bibliographical references, minutes of communications and speeches on Nautical Astronomy delivered at the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon. A typewritten, unpublished document, with the title "Reorganization of the teaching of astronomy and astronomical investigation”, probabbly from the 1930s, is presented. Reis, after a brief description of the history of Astronomy, describes Astrophysics as the "new chapter of Astronomy", reflects on the teaching and research on Astronomy, and on the operation of the Astronomical Observatories of Coimbra and Lisbon (Tapada da Ajuda), and the Meteorological Observatory of OPorto (Serra do Pilar). Keywords: History of Astronomy in Portugal; Astrophysics; Astronomical Observatory of the University of Coimbra.
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8

Rosenzweig, Patricia. "Astronomy in Venezuela." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 3 (2001): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00000766.

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AbstractSince the installation of the Observatorio Cagigal in Caracas, astronomy in Venezuela has developed steadily, and, in the last few decades, has been strong. Both theoretical and observational astronomy now flourish in Venezuela. A research group, Grupo de Astrofísica (GA) at the Universidad de Los Andes (ULA) in Mérida, started with few members but now has increased its numbers and undergone many transformations, promoting the creation of the Grupo de Astrofísica Teórica (GAT), the Grupo de Astronomía, the Centro de Astrofísica Teòrica (CAT), and with other collaborators initiated the creation of a graduate study program (that offers master’s and doctor’s degrees) in the Postgrado de Física Fundamental of ULA. With the financial support of domestic Science Foundations such as CONICIT, CDCHT, Fundacite, and individual and collective grants, many research projects have been started and many others are planned. Venezuelan astronomy has benefitted from the interest of researchers in other countries, who have helped to improve our scientific output and instrumentation. With the important collaboration of national and foreign institutions, astronomy is becoming one of the strongest disciplines of the next decade in Venezuela.
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9

Bailey, Janelle M., and Doug Lombardi. "Blazing The Trail For Astronomy Education Research." Journal of Astronomy & Earth Sciences Education (JAESE) 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2015): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jaese.v2i2.9512.

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<p>Education research has long considered student learning of topics in astronomy and the space sciences, but astronomy education research as a sub-field of discipline-based education research is relatively new. Driven by a growing interest among higher education astronomy educators in improving the general education, introductory science survey course for non-science majoring undergraduates (“ASTRO 101”), contemporary astronomy education research is led by scholars with significant expertise in astronomy content. In this review, we outline the recent history of the growing field of discipline-based astronomy education research by analyzing graduate degrees earned, faculty involved, and major milestones, such as the appearance of archival, peer-reviewed professional journals. Astronomy education research as a field of discipline-based education research has made notable strides in the past few decades that distinguish it from the K-12 education research realm, and, in spite of some setbacks, continues to move forward as a growing and vibrant community of scholars.</p>
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Fucili, Leonarda. "Implementing the Astronomy Education Research." Highlights of Astronomy 13 (2005): 1032–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600018049.

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I think there is nothing like the study of astronomy to capture the imaginations of our students, to make them understand phenomena, and to introduce them to the fundamental ideas and methods of science and mathematics. In my presentation, I will examine my research on effective teaching and learning of astronomy at the elementary school level, and how I have implemented my research in my work with students, teachers, and curriculum.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Astronomy research"

1

Freed, Rachel. "The impacts of telescope use and astronomy research programs on United States instructors' and students' astronomy self-efficacy and identity." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2023. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2641.

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We are at a time in technological development where educational pedagogy must change to adapt to new and emerging technology and to the global connectedness of people and tools. With remote education a commonplace thing, in part necessitated by the global pandemic, and made possible by the current state of technology, it is time to rethink educational methods at the institutional and personal levels. Science education must be a critical focus of educational policy and reform as recent historical events have highlighted the lack of scientific understanding and critical thinking in the general population in the United States and elsewhere. It can be argued that the way that science is classically and still typically taught does not lead to scientific understanding and applicability and therefore must be done differently. Several approaches to different methods are proving fruitful in terms of increasing students’ motivation, perseverance and intentions to pursue STEM education and careers, on limited scales. Making changes to the large institution that is our educational system is challenging and takes time and occurs in small, incremental steps. Even with national mandates to improve STEM education with the implementation of undergraduate research experiences and course-based undergraduate research experiences, change is slow and not widespread. This begs the question of how to improve things and to do so on a faster timeline. There are limits to what teachers and professors in classrooms have time to do within their designated curricula and so even amidst a call for more research opportunities, providing the time and funding and intellectual freedom to incorporate these into the existing educational framework is challenging at best. We have to start thinking and taking actions outside the box, or changing the box, as it were. For example, the two research programs studied here are situated mostly outside of the traditional classroom settings, sometimes being integrated into the catch-all “research courses” that exist at many institutions, but often just being an additional, extracurricular activity. Many questions surround the implementation of such programs. For example, what are the benefits to students and institutions, how can they be scaled up for larger enrollment, and how can they be made sustainable over the long term? Some of these questions are beginning to be addressed in the research presented here.
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2

Whitehouse, Matthew Robert. "Pleiades Visions for Organ Solo: A Composition Supported by Documented Research." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/265366.

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Pleiades Visions is a three-movement work for organ solo inspired by indigenous music and mythology associated with the Pleiades (Seven Sisters) star cluster. Three cultural groups are represented in Pleiades Visions. The first movement, entitled "Uluru," draws from Australian Aboriginal music and mythology. The second movement, entitled "...life on other worlds," is based loosely on a Quechan (Yuman) Indian song. The concluding movement, entitled "Mauna Kea," is inspired by the opening lines of the Kumulipo, a creation chant of the Native Hawaiian culture. The source material for Pleiades Visions was identified through research incorporating techniques from the fields of cultural astronomy and ethnomusicology. This research represents a new line of inquiry for both fields. This document situates Pleiades Visions in the context of the organ literature, and suggests that Pleiades Visions might be the first organ work with a cultural astronomy inspiration. It also describes the research undergirding Pleiades Visions, demonstrates the manner in which that research informed the composition of the work, and addresses issues surrounding the use of indigenous source material in a culturally sensitive manner.
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3

Bento, Joao Paulo da Silva. "Research and development of ground-based transiting extrasolar planet projects." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/54441/.

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The search for exoplanets has gone from the realm of speculation to being one of the most prolific topics of modern astronomy in the space of just 20 years. In particular, the geometric alignment of transiting exoplanets provides the added opportunity to measure a host of properties of these systems, including studies of planetary atmospheres. The vast majority of known transiting exoplanets to date were found using dedicated ground-based surveys such as the SuperWASP project. Such enterprises comprise of multiple small telescopes designed to perform high-precision photometry over a wide field of view and rely on efficiently compensating for several noise contributions. An analysis of the sources of noise in the SuperWASP light curves was performed, focussing on systematic e↵ects fixed in detector space. A study of a set of detector maps produced from the average of the fractional residuals of the light curves in CCD coordinates has revealed that the current flat-fielding strategy is introducing a component of red noise into the light curves due to the wavelengthdependent nature of the CCDs. The possibility of using such maps as a basis for an additional decorrelation step in the software pipeline is discussed. The next phase in planetary discoveries from ground-based surveys consists of the search for smaller planets and those in longer orbits around their host stars. This process involves an observing strategy that focuses on intensive coverage of particular locations of the sky. We develop simulation software to aid the choice of observed fields for the SuperWASP and Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS) projects in order to maximise the chances of finding planets at those locations. Moreover, this simulation can be used for comparative studies of the planet finding probability for several design choices and has been used to justify the necessity to commission the NGTS instrument at ESO’s Paranal Observatory in order to benefit from one of the World’s premier sites. The increasing number of known transiting planets has triggered a new phase of exoplanet exploration, in which the properties of the atmospheres of these planets are being explored using techniques such as transmission spectroscopy. This process consists of measuring an enhanced transit depth at particular wavelengths due to the presence of opacity sources in the atmospheres of exoplanets. We use the multiband photometer ULTRACAM to attempt a similar measurement via the technique of transmission photometry for the highly inflated planets WASP-15b and WASP- 17b. The data are found to be dominated by systematic errors and a detailed study of the possible sources is performed.
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4

Slater, Stephanie Jean. "The Educational Function of an Astronomy REU Program as Described by Participating Women." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194774.

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Анотація:
The long-running REU-program is tacitly intended to increase retention and provide "an important educational experience" for undergraduates, particularly women, minorities and underrepresented groups. This longitudinal, two-stage study was designed to explore the ways in which REUs acted as educational experiences for 51 women in the field of astronomy, in an attempt to develop a theory of experience related to the REU. Stage-1 consisted of an ex post facto analysis of data collected over 8 years, including multiple interviews with each participant during their REU, annual open-ended alumni surveys, faculty interviews, and extensive field notes. All data were analyzed using a theoretical framework of continuity and interaction, in a search for transformative experiences. Four findings emerged, related to developing understandings of the nature of professional scientific work, the scientific process, the culture of academia, and an understanding of the "self." Analysis provided an initial theory that was used to design the Stage-2 interview protocol. In Stage-2, over 10 hours of interviews were conducted with 8 participants selected for their potential to disconfirm the initial theory. Results indicate that the REU provided a limited impact in terms of participants' knowledge of professional astronomy as a largely computer-based endeavor. The REU did not provide a substantive educational experience related to the nature of scientific work, the scientific process, the culture of academia, participants' conceptions about themselves as situated in science, or other aspects of the "self." Instead, the data suggests that these women began the REU with pre-existing and remarkably strong conceptions in these areas, and that the REU did not functional to alter those states. These conceptions were frequently associated with other mentors/scientist interactions, from middle school into the undergraduate years. Instructors and family members also served as crucial forces in shaping highly developed, stable science identities. Sustained relationships with mentors were particularly transformational. These findings motivate an ongoing research agenda of long-term mentoring relationships for women in the sciences, at a variety of stages and across multiple disciplines.
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5

Campbell, Jacob L. "The Development of a Small Scale Radio Astronomy Image Synthesis Array for Research in Radio Frequency Interference Mitigation." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1014.pdf.

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6

Friedman, Vanessa Ann. "Identifying Long Period Variable (LPV) Stars Using Images from the Stardial Observatory." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193423.

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Анотація:
The study of variable stars is extremely important to the astronomical field of scientific research. Variable stars must be methodically studied, usually by amateur astronomers over a long period of time, in order to provide professional astronomers important data that allows them to further analyze variable star behavior.Variable stars are unique because their pulsation produces visible changes in luminosity. This pulsation allows amateur astronomers to visually observe and identify variable stars. This type of research and study is special because amateurs can make a real contribution to the field.My objective was to become an amateur astronomer in the hopes that I could discover variable stars and contribute my findings to the greater astronomical scientific community. In completing this task, my overall goal was to better understand the true nature of science in order to improve my teaching in a secondary science classroom.
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7

Strömbäck, Gustav. "Common misconceptions about everyday astronomy-related phenomena among students in the 9th grade." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-35016.

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Анотація:
Students of all ages host a wide variety of scientifically inaccurate ideas and conceptions about everyday astronomical phenomena, such as the seasons, the moon phases, and gravity. The field of Astronomy Education Research has over the last decade experienced an accelerating growth, although the majority of studies have been conducted in the USA. In this work, the 9th grade students of a typical Swedish school were surveyed by means of a questionnaire in order to probe their conceptual understanding of several key concepts in astronomy. In the end, the number of respondents amassed to a total of 90. The results were analyzed with a constructivist approach in light of conceptual change theory and phenomenological primitives. In conjunction to this a postmodern view of the problem in question is presented. The compiled numbers were compared to the results of American high school students found in the large database of A Private Universe Project. The two samples were found to display only minor differences. Most notably, only around one in ten Swedish students could correctly account for the origin of the seasons, and only a very small percentage could point out the true distance-relation between the Earth and the Moon. In addition, approximately half of the students did not know the reason for why the Moon changes phase, and one in every four or five students believes there are stars between the planets in the Solar system. An analysis of the student sample was also made after separating out students who will obtain further education in astronomy in upper secondary school. With only one exception, no differences between the groups were found, suggesting that the misconceptions treated in this survey are present among all groups of students up to a certain educational level. However, in the group not intending to study more astronomy an astonishing 72 % had incorrect beliefs regarding the day/night cycle, indicating a possible fundamental lack of conceptual understanding about one of the most everyday astronomy-related concepts.
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8

Wood, David Paul. "Design of a microprocessor-based control system for the Monterey Institute for Research in Astronomy 36 telescope." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23861.

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9

Phelps, Margot Hensler. "Hydroxide catalysis and indium bonding research for the design of ground-based gravitational wave detectors." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30604/.

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In 2015, a gravitational wave (GW) signal from a binary black hole merger passed through the arms of the US-based Advanced LIGO (aLIGO) interferometers, resulting in the first direct detection of gravitational waves. This long-awaited observation made worldwide news one hundred years after Einstein first predicted the existence of GWs in 1916. Since the first detection, four more binary black hole inspiral events have been detected, as well as the ground-breaking GW observation of a binary neutron star inspiral. To detect these signals, ground-based GW detectors like aLIGO and the French-Italian detector, Advanced Virgo, need to be sensitive to changes in separation of close to 10^-19m between freely suspended test masses spaced up to 4km apart. This has always been a challenge to achieve, thus 50 years of technological developments were needed to make these first detections possible. Following the first observations of coalescing black holes and neutron stars, it is essential to pursue technological advancements that improve the sensitivities of ground-based detectors. Doing so will increase the signal-to-noise ratio of future detectors, which will allow for the better extraction of astrophysical source parameters. Observing more types of astrophysical sources, and at greater distances from the Earth will further the field of GW astronomy. One such area of advancement is to pair the operation of detectors at cryogenic temperatures with improvements in mirror and suspension design, with the aim of improving sensitivities by lessening the effects of thermal noise. Fused silica, currently used for the mirror substrates and suspension fibre elements in all detectors that operate at room temperature, cannot be used in detectors that operate at cryogenic temperatures due to its unfavourable thermo-mechanical properties. Thus a change of mirror substrate and suspension material is necessary for the construction of cryogenic detectors. There are two promising candidates for cryogenic mirrors and suspension elements, sapphire and silicon. Currently one cryogenic detector, the Japan-based KAGRA observatory, is under construction using sapphire as a material for its mirrors and some suspension elements. Other future detectors currently in the design phase, such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) in Europe and Voyager, in the USA may use silicon or sapphire material in their mirror suspensions. In all ground-based detectors the test masses are supported in multi-stage pendulum suspensions, where the last stages are quasi-monolithic. In the quasi-monolithic stage, the test masses are suspended from penultimate masses via fibres, welded to an interface piece, or "ear". Currently these ears are connected to the test masses using a method called hydroxide catalysis bonding, which creates a strong, low noise joint. This bonding technique has been used successfully in room temperature detectors for 17 years. This thesis details research into hydroxide catalysis bonding, with a focus on its use to create cryogenic crystalline suspensions for future ground-based detectors. The use of indium as an alternative bonding technology for joints in low temperature crystalline suspensions is also investigated. The aim of this study is to research possible ways to implement indium bonding into suspension design along with hydroxide catalysis bonds to create a more versatile and easily repairable system. This work was completed with the aim of investigating novel ways of implementing bond techniques into GW detectors, and studying their material properties. The breaking stress and stability of different bond technologies were investigated, as well as their thermal noise levels and impact on overall detector sensitivity. The majority of substrate materials used in this thesis were sapphire and silicon, as these are the two materials of choice for use in future cryogenic detectors. Measurements of the Young's modulus of hydroxide catalysis bonds between fused silica were also completed and used to model the thermal noise contribution of bonds in a prototype test mass for the possible room temperature upgrade to aLIGO, A+. In Chapter 1 an overview of the field of gravitational wave research is given. An explanation of GW sources and a history of the different types of ground-based GW detectors are summarised here, with a focus on Michelson-type interferometric detectors, used to make the first direct GW detections. The noise sources that affect the sensitivity of interferometric detectors are also reviewed. In Chapter 2 there is a summary of several different bonding techniques that could be considered for making joints between the test masses and suspension elements of GW detectors. The mechanisms of bond formation as well as the advantages and disadvantages to each approach are covered, especially in the context of the requirements for use in a GW detector. Finally hydroxide catalysis and indium bonding are introduced as possible techniques to join the suspension and mirror elements in GW detectors. In Chapter 3 the breaking stresses of hydroxide catalysis bonds between c-plane sapphire substrates as a function of time is studied. The aim of this experiment is twofold. The breaking stress of bonds that have been allowed to cure for shorter lengths of time is investigated to gain insight into the chemical processes of the bonds as they develop. Additionally, it is crucial to know the breaking stress over longer periods of curing time to be assured that they will not fail in the long term. In fact, this study found that hydroxide catalysis bonded sapphire shows an initial drop in breaking stress, which then levelled off at 15-16MPa. These results agree with similar trends found in shorter curing time tests on sapphire and fused silica completed in the past. In Chapter 4 the effect of crystal orientation on the tensile strength of hydroxide catalysis bonded sapphire is investigated. Specifically, the breaking stress of bonds between a-a and m-m planes of sapphire jointed with hydroxide catalysis bonds is studied, using samples of the same geometry and jointed using the same bonding procedures as those presented in Chapter 3. These samples were allowed to cure at room temperature for 4 weeks, then the samples were strength tested. The breaking stresses were recorded and compared with the breaking stress results of c-c plane sapphire, also cured for 4 weeks at room temperature, reported in the previous chapter. In Chapter 5 a non-destructive technique of measuring the Young's modulus of hydroxide catalysis bonds between silica and between sapphire is developed. This approach uses acoustic pulses from an ultrasonic transducer transmitted through the bonded samples, and the portion of the acoustic wave that is reflected back from the embedded bond layer is recorded and studied. The bond Young's modulus was extracted from the data by analysis of the amplitudes of the acoustic pulses reflected from the bonds. A Young's modulus value of 15.3+/-5.2GPa for \hcbed sapphire and 21.5+/-6.6GPa for bonded fused silica was found with this approach. A Bayesian analysis model of the reflected acoustic signal and the underlying noise background was developed to analyse the low SNR signals of bonds between fused silica. A value of 18.5+/-2GPa, with a 90% confidence range was found with this approach, agreeing well with the results from the pulse amplitude analysis. In Chapter 6 the new Young's modulus value found in Chapter 5 is used to assess the mechanical loss and thermal noise budgets of hydroxide catalysis bonds in different mirror suspension geometries. Two room temperature test masses were modelled; a bonded aLIGO mass and a bonded prototype test mass, of a design suitable for use in A+. Three different cryogenic masses were also modelled; first a sapphire KAGRA mass, followed by a prototype sapphire ET mass, and a prototype silicon ET mass.
The thermal noise budgets of the bonds in all of these cases were found to be below the anticipated technical noise requirement for bonds, which is based on each detector's current design sensitivity curves. This indicates that hydroxide catalysis bonds are suitable for use in current detectors and for the design of future ones. In Chapter 7 different approaches to creating indium bonding procedures for use in cryogenic ground-based detectors are studied. Hybrid suspension designs that utilize both indium and hydroxide catalysis bonding are being considered in cryogenic detector designs such as KAGRA or ET. It is proposed that the \hydroxide catalysis bonds would be used to fix the test masses to the suspension elements. This takes advantage of their high breaking stress under shear and peeling, as has been successfully demonstrated in the past for room temperature detectors such as Virgo, aLIGO, or the Germany-based detector GEO600. Indium's low tensile strength means it cannot be used as a joint under tensile or shear load. However it is being considered for use in compressive joints, such as between the fibres and ears or between the fibres and blade springs. This would be done for contingency reasons, since indium can be de-bonded and re-bonded relatively easily, whereas hydroxide catalysis bonds cannot. In the event of a fibre break or a test mass upgrade, the whole bonded test mass assembly could be removed by de-bonding the indium bond interface. It could then be replaced by re-bonding it, making it a good option for future cryogenic mirror suspensions. Two indium bonding approaches are investigated, diffusion bonding and induction bonding. In both cases the substrates used were polished silicon, and the indium layers between them were made with different combinations of thin thermally deposited films and foils. The tensile strength and a post-break visual inspection of the indium bonds were used as a standard by which to judge bond quality and repeatability.
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10

Hunt, Maria, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Engineering and Industrial Design. "Molecules in southern molecular clouds: a millimetre-wave study of dense cores." THESIS_CSTE_EID_Hunt_M.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/116.

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This thesis presents an observational study of molecular abundances in the dense cores of 27 prominent molecular clouds in the southern galactic plane.The molecular abundances and physical conditions in dense condensations have been derived from millimetre-wavelength observations of molecular rotational transitions.The study has produced a comprehensive data set of transition intensities and abundances for 10 different molecules in bright southern molecular clouds, and the general characteristics of emissions from these molecules such as optical depth, excitation and relative abundances are discussed. A comparison of different methods of calculating molecular hydrogen column density from observations of carbon monoxide emission is included.Both the analysis and the data collected provide an excellent starting point for further observational and theoretical studies of molecular clouds in the southern Milky Way utilising new instruments such as the millimeter-wave upgrade to the Australia Telescope Compact Array and the Attacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA).
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Книги з теми "Astronomy research"

1

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. [Planetary astronomy research. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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2

Val, Blain J., ed. Dark matter: New research. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2006.

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3

National Research Council (U.S.). Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee. The decade of discovery in astronomy and astrophysics. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1991.

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4

V, Kreitler Paul, ed. Trends in black hole research. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2005.

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5

G, Masevich A., and Wiebe D. S, eds. Institut astronomii: Redaktory A.G. Masevich i D.Z. Vibe = Institute of astronomy. Moskva: In-t Astronomii RAN, 1996.

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6

Slater, Timothy F., and Coty B. Tatge. Research on Teaching Astronomy in the Planetarium. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57202-4.

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7

Kirkland, Kyle. Space and astronomy: Notable research and discoveries. New York, NY: Facts on File, 2010.

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8

Committee, National Research Council (U S. ). Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey. Working papers: Astronomy and astrophysics panel reports. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1991.

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9

A, Heck, ed. Organizations and strategies in astronomy. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.

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10

Greenstein, George. Understanding the universe: An inquiry approach to astronomy and the nature of scientific research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Частини книг з теми "Astronomy research"

1

Wielen, Roland. "Space Research." In Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, 225–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12355-3_8.

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2

Böhme, S., U. Esser, H. Hefele, I. Heinrich, W. Hofmann, D. Krahn, V. R. Matas, L. D. Schmadel, and G. Zech. "Space Research." In Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, 224–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12358-4_8.

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3

Esser, U., H. Hefele, Inge Heinrich, W. Hofmann, D. Krahn, V. R. Matas, Lutz D. Schmadel, and G. Zech. "Space Research." In Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, 242–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12364-5_8.

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4

Esser, U., H. Hefele, Inge Heinrich, W. Hofmann, D. Krahn, V. R. Matas, Lutz D. Schmadel, and G. Zech. "Space Research." In Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, 259–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12367-6_8.

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5

Böhme, S., U. Esser, H. Hefele, I. Heinrich, W. Hofmann, D. Krahn, V. R. Matas, L. D. Schmadel, and G. Zech. "Space Research." In Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, 247–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12382-9_8.

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6

Leverington, David. "Space Research." In A History of Astronomy, 320–54. London: Springer London, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2124-4_16.

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7

Burkhardt, G., U. Esser, H. Hefele, I. Heinrich, W. Hofmann, V. R. Matas, L. D. Schmadel, R. Wielen, and G. Zech. "Space Research." In Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, 251–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51758-7_7.

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8

Böhme, S., U. Esser, W. Fricke, H. Hefele, I. Heinrich, W. Hofmann, D. Krahn, V. R. Matas, L. D. Schmadel, and G. Zech. "Space Research." In Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, 221–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11178-9_8.

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9

Slater, Timothy F., and Coty B. Tatge. "Astronomy Education Research in the Planetarium." In SpringerBriefs in Astronomy, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57202-4_1.

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10

Onuora, Lesley. "Astronomy Teaching and Research in Nigeria." In Highlights of Astronomy, 883–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4778-1_78.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Astronomy research"

1

McCLELLAND, D. E., and H. A. BACHOR. "Gravitational Astronomy." In Elizabeth and Frederick White Research Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814538787.

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2

Heald, George, and Paolo Serra. "Panoramic Radio Astronomy." In Panoramic Radio Astronomy: Wide-field 1-2 GHz research on galaxy evolution. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.089.0001.

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3

Stanev, Todor. "Neutrino Astronomy in the IceCube Era." In Frontier Research in Astrophysics – II. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.269.0004.

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4

Freed, Rachel. "Evaluation of the Astronomy Research Seminar." In Robotic Telescopes, Student Research and Education. Our Solar Siblings, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32374/rtsre.2019.011.

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5

Feigelson, Eric D. "Cross-disciplinary research in modern astronomy." In Accelerating the Rate of Astronomical Discovery. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.099.0025.

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6

Cawson, M. G, M., J. T. McGraw, and M. J. Keane. "A Relational Database Approach To Astronomical Research." In 1986 Astronomy Conferences, edited by David L. Crawford. SPIE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.968074.

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7

Chaffee, Jr., Frederic H., and Craig B. Foltz. "The MMT As An Astronomical Research Facility." In 1986 Astronomy Conferences, edited by Lawrence D. Barr. SPIE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.963512.

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8

Cutts, Ross. "Astronomy Student Research in the International Baccalaureate." In Robotic Telescopes, Student Research and Education. Our Solar Siblings, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32374/rtsre.2017.029.

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9

Swift, Jonathan, and Christopher Vyhnal. "The Astronomy Program at the Thacher School." In Robotic Telescopes, Student Research and Education. Our Solar Siblings, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32374/rtsre.2017.026.

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10

Slater, Tim. "Journal of Astronomy & Earth Sciences Education." In Robotic Telescopes, Student Research and Education. Our Solar Siblings, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32374/rtsre.2017.034.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Astronomy research"

1

Malchenko, Svitlana L., Davyd V. Mykoliuk, and Arnold E. Kiv. Using interactive technologies to study the evolution of stars in astronomy classes. [б. в.], February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3752.

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In astrophysics, a significant role is played by observations. During astronomy classes in the absence of surveillance tools interactive programmes such as an interactive programme for space objects simulation can be used as Universe Sandbox2. The aim of this work is to implement interactive programmes for effective astronomy teaching, understanding material and increasing cognitive interest. We observe the evolution of stars while using Universe Sandbox2 during the study of the topic “Evolution of stars”. Using this programme students have an opportunity to get acquainted with the existence of stars with different masses, their differences, to observe changes in the physical characteristics of stars such as: mass, temperature, speed velocity, luminosity, radius and gravity. It will help to develop the ability to analyze, to compare, to form scientific worldview, to develop the attraction for research, to raise the interest for studying astronomy.
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2

Chan, L. H., R. Haymaker, R. Imlay, R. McNeil, W. Metcalf, and R. Svoboda. Research in elementary particle physics. [Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State Univ,. Baton Rouge, Louisiana]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6645755.

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3

Sanders, S. J., and F. W. Prosser. Research in heavy-ion nuclear physics. [Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, The Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6708689.

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4

Domokos, G., and S. Kovesi-Domokos. Research in theoretical physics. [Henry A. Rowland Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins Univ. , Baltimore, Maryland]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6710238.

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5

Francesco, Petruccione,, Gastrow, Michael, Hadzic, Senka, Limpitlaw, Justine, Paul, Babu Sena, Wolhuter, Riaan, and Kies, Carl. Evaluation of Alternative Telecommunication Technologies for the Karoo Central Astronomy Advantage Area. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2021/0073.

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The National Research Foundation (NRF) requested the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), on behalf of South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) and the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), to undertake an independent and objective evaluation of potential alternative telecommunication technologies for the areas of the Karoo Central Astronomy Advantage Areas (KCAAA). The study encompasses regulatory, public sphere, and technical dimensions to explore options for maintaining the functionality of the telescope while, at the same time, delivering appropriate connectivity solutions for local communities.The objectives of this study are as follows: 1) Assess the technologies currently being, or planning to be, deployed through existing alternative communications programs managed by SARAO, including whether these technologies are comparable with market available technologies that could feasibly be deployed in the KCAAA; and 2) Assessment of current and future telecommunication technologies that may act as suitable replacement and/or improvement (functional and feasible) for existing detrimental technologies, utilised in the KCAAA. This report provides a critical background into the relationship between the SKA and local communities as it relates to ICTs in the area. Based on this understanding, potential technology solutions are proposed to ensure residents of the KCAAA are still afforded valuable access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) within the parameters of affordability, desirability and feasibility.
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6

Midak, Liliia Ya, Ivan V. Kravets, Olga V. Kuzyshyn, Khrystyna V. Berladyniuk, Khrystyna V. Buzhdyhan, Liliia V. Baziuk, and Aleksandr D. Uchitel. Augmented reality in process of studying astronomic concepts in primary school. [б. в.], November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4411.

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The objective of the research is development a mobile application (on the Android platform) designed for visualization of the Solar System with the AR technology and the alphabet study, applying the astronomic definitions, which can be used by the teacher and the students for an effective training for studying the subjects of the astronomic cycle in primary school. Augmented Reality cards with the images of the Solar System planets and other celestial bodies were developed, as well as the “Space alphabet” was created. In the developed alphabet every letter of the alphabet becomes a certain celestial body or a different astronomic definition. Augmented Reality gives the opportunity to visualize images of the Solar System as much as possible, in other words to convert 2D images into 3D, as well as “make them alive”. Applying this tool of ICT while studying new data gives the ability to develop and improve the pupils’ spatial thinking, “to see” the invisible and to understand the perceived information in a deeper way, which will be beneficial for its better memorizing and development of computer skills. Studying the alphabet in the offered mobile app will definitely help nail the achieved knowledge and get interesting information about celestial bodies that are invisible and superior for kids; to make a journey into the space, prepare a project on “The Space Mysteries” subject; to stimulate the development of curiosity, cognitive motivation and learning activity; the development of imagination, creative initiative, including speaking out.
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7

[Research in theoretical nuclear physics]. [School of Physics and Astronomy, Univ. of Minnesota]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6703308.

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[Research in theoretical nuclear physics]. [School of Physics and Astronomy, Univ. of Minnesota]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6708981.

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9

Relativistic heavy ion research. [Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State Univ. , Detroit, Michigan]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6804888.

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