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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 27 липня 2024
Оновлено: 28 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Art, European – 16th century"

1

Yi, Xinyue. "Science and Art in The Creation of Adam." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 11 (April 20, 2023): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v11i.7541.

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The Renaissance was an intellectual and cultural movement that took place in Europe from the mid-14th century to the 16th century, and profoundly influenced European intellectual life in the early modern period. Beginning in Italy and spreading to the rest of Europe in the 16th century, its influence is reflected in art, architecture, philosophy, literature, music, anatomy, etc. The Creation of Adam is one of the important works of this period. Michelangelo's rigorous judgment of the body on the basis of anatomy, coupled with the use of clairvoyance skills, paints a unique human beauty with a sense of power. Renaissance scholars adopted a humanistic approach in their studies and looked for realism and human emotions in art. Based on The Creation of Adam, this article provides a case study and literature analysis of the connection between art and science, especially the embodiment of anatomy in The Creation of Adam. This article offers contemporary historians and artists some thoughts on the visual language of science, including how to understand science as a craft or even as an art, understand which works are both scientific and artistic, and how to develop a new visual language for science.
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Montanari, Riccardo, Philippe Colomban, Maria Francesca Alberghina, Salvatore Schiavone, and Claudia Pelosi. "European Smalt in 17th-Century Japan: Porcelain Decoration and Sacred Art." Heritage 7, no. 6 (June 5, 2024): 3080–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage7060145.

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Japanese art tradition, contrary to the case of China, is characterized by an efficient and continued, although mostly undocumented, use of smalt from the late 16th century onward. Recent studies have successfully identified this pigment, the cobalt-colored glass that spread throughout the Old Continent during the Renaissance period, as the coloring agent employed for overglaze-blue enameling on Japanese porcelains produced at the kilns of Arita (the porcelain production center of Japan) from the early 1640s until the 20th century. Fragmentary evidence of the use of smalt in Japanese sacred art has also been reported, yet its earliest incorporation into such a type of traditional art form could not be identified. In order to resolve this crucial issue, portable EDXRF was employed for the non-destructive analyses of Japanese porcelains and sacred images bearing blue decoration. Scientific analysis allowed, for the first time ever, to establish a clear timeline of smalt use. Furthermore, this evidence and the literature data both agree, leading to the identification of the origin of the blue material used on both art productions.
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Chernyi, Valentin D. "FOREIGNERS’ PERCEPTION OF RUSSIAN ARTWORK IN THE 16TH-17TH CENTURIES." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies, no. 3 (2022): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6401-2022-3-112-124.

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The article considers general approaches to the perception of Russian artwork by foreigners in medieval Russia from the end of the 15th to the 17th century. The establishment of a unified Russian state made ways for establishing various contacts with European countries. Representatives of different countries who came from Europe to Russia on various missions formed their own idea of the unfamiliar state, including its artistic culture. Artwork rarely came to the attention of travelers, who, due to the difference of religion, were usually not allowed into Orthodox churches. As a result, stable stereotypes were formed about the low artistic quality of icons and about the attitude of Russians to them as objects of pagan worship. Only a few of travelers, who got direct access to the best works and relevant explanations, could appreciate the artistic merits of icons as works of art. Along with icons, according to the testimony of foreign authors, since the end of the 15th century, portrait images also began to come into use. Despite the different foundations and traditions of ancient Russian and European art, the close interaction of the countries inevitably led to a common understanding of the tasks and forms of artistic work
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Smirnova, Engelina. "Contacts and Opposition between Russian and European Art in the 16th Century: Some Observations." Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art 6 (2016): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18688/aa166-3-25.

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Antipov, Ilya, Alexandra Trushnikova, and Maksim Kostyria. "Architecture and Icon: the Origin of the Stepped Gables in the Icon ‘The Vision of the Sexton Tarasiy of Khutyn’." Baltic Journal of Art History 21 (August 20, 2021): 31–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2021.21.02.

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The article invites to look afresh at the late 16th century Novgorod icon‘The Vision of the Sexton Tarasiy of Khutyn`’ and the Faceted Palace,built in 1433 by German craftsmen. The stepped gables of the building,located west of St Sophia Cathedral in the icon, were interpreted asrealistic image of the upper parts of the Faceted Palace that havenot survived. However, the iconographic analysis of more than ahundred of the Russian icons and illuminated manuscripts datingback to the second half of the 16th – early 17th centuries proved thatthe stepped gable was a decorative architectural motive, widespreadsince the 1560s–1570s. The authors classified the images of buildingswith stepped gable in the late medieval Russian art, and determinedtheir possible sources among the Northern European prints of the15th – 16th centuries. The comprehensive study ascertained that thebuilding in the icon ‘The Vision of the Sexton Tarasiy’ can’t be used forreconstruction of the Faceted Palace. Since 1560s–1570s the schematicrepresentation of the city in Russian art often placed buildings withthe stepped gables (initially acquired from the European prints)next to the churches. Panorama of Novgorod in the Khutyn` iconfollowed this pattern and combined fantastic forms with ratherrealistic depiction of the church edifices.
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Kostyria, Maksim. "Images of Antique Cities and “Fire Landscapes” in West European Art of the 16th century." Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art 5 (2015): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18688/aa155-5-53.

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Opanasiuk, Oleksandr. "Modernism and Postmodernism: Objectivation of the Content of Phenomena." Часопис Національної музичної академії України ім.П.І.Чайковського, no. 3-4(52-53) (December 14, 2021): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.31318/2414-052x.3-4(52-53).2021.251810.

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The phenomena of modernism and postmodernism are studied. Modernism and postmodernism are analyzed in the context of the project Modern, which belongs to European culture and determines its development in the direction of modernization of history. It was found that the dynamics of the Modern project is determined by four phases of development, they largely coincide with the periods of formation of European culture: 14th –16th — the first phase of development of the Modern project (5th – 16th centuries — symbolic period of European culture); 17th – 18th centuries — the second phase of the Modern project (17th – 18th centuries — classical period of European culture); 19th century — the third phase of the Modern project (19th century – romantic period of European culture); late 19th – 21 st centuries — the fourth phase of the Modern project (late 19th – 21 st centuries — intentional period of European culture). This objectifies modernism and postmodernism as phenomena, the content of which is determined by the final phase of the Modern project and the final (intentional) period of European culture. Emphasis is placed on the possibility of interpreting modernism and postmodernism as one phenomenon — modernism-postmodernism. It is stated that postmodernism correctly defines the content of cultural and artistic life of the present, but does not explain the laws of cultural formation, bypasses the future development of culture and art, focuses on its concepts and resorts to semantic transformations of the idea of “afterˮ: afterpostmodernism, after non-classical thinking, theses such as postmodernism after modernism, etc. This explains the limitations and inability of postmodernism to cultural creativity. Comparing the semantic foundations of the theory of modernism and postmodernism with the concept of intentionalism of culture and art opens a new perspective in the analysis and ontology of modern and postmodern intentions and cultural and artistic life in general.
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Shrivastava, Ashish K., and Dr Ajit Singh Patel. "Culture and Leadership in the Collective and Sustainable Growth of an Organization." International Journal of Management and Humanities 9, no. 9 (May 30, 2023): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijmh.i1602.059923.

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Fine art, classical music, and gourmet cuisine made "culture" aristocratic. City life became "culture" "civilization" (from lat. oivitas, city). Folktales helped Romantics see themselves as a "culture." "Low culture," the culture of social misfits, and "high culture" usually contrast. European culture developed in reaction to social inequalities in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Europeans like Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Thomas Hobbes associated "culture" with "anarchy" and "nature." Native Americans, governed by Europeans since the 16th century, symbolised this contrast. Culture-advanced people and groups are hypothesised. Lewis's distinction may have affected Henry Morgan's cultural evolution theory and Herbert Spencer's social Darwinism. The split between high and low cultures has been attributed to the struggle between European colonial powers and European elites and non-elites. Leadership is visible and teachable, research shows. It's simple. Experience, constructive criticism, and chances may benefit potential leaders. Leaders grow via self-reflection, academics, experience, formal education, and training. You must recognise, grasp, and act on certain traits, concepts, and behaviours to encourage greater collaboration. Easy-to-learn skills are more useful. Leaders always improve. This paper will summarize the organizational culture and leader qualities and form a link in between.
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Schmale, Wolfgang. "Critical Note: Representations of the continents by means of allegorical figures in the early modern period. (Bodies and Maps: Early Modern Personifications of the Continents, edited by Maryanne Cline Horowitz and Louise Arizzoli, Brill, Leiden 2020)." Diciottesimo Secolo 7 (November 18, 2022): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ds-13179.

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In the early modern period, the representation of the continents by means of allegorical figures enjoyed great popularity. The book Bodies and Maps: Early Modern Personifications of the Continents, edited by Maryanne Cline Horowitz and Louise Arizzoli, is very stimulating, richly documented and fundamental with regard to the detailed source-critical examination of concrete individual visualisations of the continents. The focus of the book rather lies with the 16th century, while part 5 focuses on the 18th century. In the 18th century, continent allegories entered into the public sphere and reached broader strata in the society. In this century, Eurocentrism progressed considerably, but did not invent it. The volume’s co-authors pose the question of Eurocentrism as well as that of racism with regard to the late Middle Ages and the 16th century. Because of their widespread use, continent allegories can be counted among the most important primary sources from which we can draw conclusions about how extra-European cultures could be represented, interpreted and viewed from a European perspective. They represent much more than just an art-historical source, they are, especially when one thinks of their accessibility in public spaces for everyone, actually a historical source of the first rank, behind which not least travelogues and theoretical concepts such as the history of civilisation as a universal history compete with the Christian history of salvation in the Bible.
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Haneca, Kristof, Ria De Boodt, Valérie Herremans, Hilde De Pauw, Joris Van Acker, Carl Van de Velde, and Hans Beeckman. "Late Gothic Altarpieces as Sources of Information on Medieval Wood Use: A Dendrochronological and Art Historical Survey." IAWA Journal 26, no. 3 (July 15, 2005): 273–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-02603001.

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Wooden altarpieces are important features of European medieval material culture, especially of the Late Gothic Fine Arts from the 15th and 16th century. Many of them were carved in the Brabantine towns of Antwerp, Brussels and Mechelen in present-day Belgium. Although they were highly esteemed and exported all over Europe, little is known about their production process. In order to understand the context of the creation of the altarpieces, a detailed analysis of the wood has been completed to supplement and test historical documentation and art historical approaches. Tree-ring patterns and anatomical features of 209 wooden sculptures from collections of different museums were analyzed. Tree-ring analysis proved the 15th –16th century origin of the sculptures but also allowed a detailed technical characterization of the carversʼ basic material. The striking uniformity of the grain and the sawing pattern revealed that medieval woodcarvers preferred quarter sawn oak lumber, imported from the Baltic area. Stylistic and iconographic hypotheses concerning the current setting of several altarpieces could be founded, based on the wood anatomical and dendrochronological observations. Intensive collaboration between wood biologists and art historians proved to be essential in order to reconstruct the creation process of carved wooden altarpieces.
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Дисертації з теми "Art, European – 16th century"

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Schneider, Leann G. "Capturing Otherness on Canvas: 16th - 18th century European Representation of Amerindians and Africans." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1437430892.

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Strickrodt, Silke. "Afro-European trade relations on the western slave coast, 16th to 19th centuries." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2616.

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This thesis deals with the Afro-European trade on the Western Slave Coast from about 1600 to the 1880s, mainly the slave trade but also the trade in ivory and agricultural produce. The Western Slave Coast comprises the coastal areas of modem Togo and parts of the coastal areas of Ghana and Benin. For much of the period under discussion, this region was dominated by two kingdoms, the kingdom of the Hula (or Pla), known to European traders as Great or Grand Popo, after its coastal port (in modern Benin), and the kingdom of the Ge (Gen/Guin/Genyi), known to European traders as Little Popo, after its main coastal port (in modern Togo). In the nineteenth century, two more ports of trade appeared in the region, Agoud (in modem Benin) and Porto Seguro (in modern Togo). In terms of the Afro-European trade, this was an intermediate area between regions of greater importance to slave traders, the Gold Coast to the west and the eastern Slave Coast (mainly the kingdom of Dahomey) to the east. This thesis gives a detailed reconstruction of the political and commercial developments in the region, especially for the period from the 1780s and the 1860s. The discussion is based mainly on archival material from British, French and African archives, but also makes use of a wide range of published accounts, mainly in English, French and German, and information from oral traditions. Beyond its immediate local interest, the thesis contributes to our understanding of the operation of the Afro-European trade and its impact on African middleman societies. The intermittent commercial success of 'the Popos' illustrates the dynamics of the trade especially clearly. The Western Slave Coast is placed into the wider transatlantic trade network and its role in the trade re-evaluated. The link between the local and overseas economy is illustrated by the centrality of the lagoon, which is discussed in detail. Other important issues that are addressed include the role of the canoemen in the trade, the transition from the slave trade to the palm oil trade and the Afro-Brazilian settlement at Agoue.
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Chase, Carol A. "The Reliability of 16th-Century European Claims about Pueblo Lifestyles: An Archaeological Test." University of Arizona, Department of Anthropology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/112062.

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Sixteenth-century Europeans explored the New World to expand their sponsors' territories, to acquire wealth, and to convert souls. Today, archaeologists research the peoples about whom the explorers wrote. Although sometimes inaccurate, the explorers' accounts can provide insights into daily life that the archaeological record cannot. On the other hand, archaeological data fills in many gaps about Pueblo lifeways that the explorers failed to mention. However, both sources must be used with caution, since both are prone to biases.. This paper compares the archaeological and the narrative information on precontact- and contact- period Pueblo religion, material resources, and diet and points to the pitfalls of excluding either of these two information sources. It concludes that a more accurate reconstruction of the lifeways of the Pueblo people will combine, among other sources, both the 16th-century explorers' narratives and the archaeological record.
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Panofré, Charlotte Anne. "Printing Protestant texts under Mary I : the Marian exiles' publishing strategies in their European context, 1553-58." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708245.

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True, Thomas-Leo Richard. "Power and place : the Marchigian Cardinals of Sixtus V." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648270.

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Carvalho, Guida Maria Gomes. "16th century images of Japanese garden art: analysis of the jesuit's texts published in Portugal." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17814.

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Mestrado em Arquitetura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The dissertation theme focus on how the Portuguese Jesuit manuscripts describe Japanese gardens for the first time in Europe. This research belongs to a larger project led by Cristina Castel-Branco since 2012 and applied to cities and landscapes that have been described during the 16th century by the Portuguese Jesuits. The first Missionary group arrived in Japan in 1549 led by Saint Francis Xavier (1506-1552). During their stay (1549-1643), they wrote numerous letters to the remaining members of the Company of Jesus and a few books reporting the progression of the Japanese Mission. In these documents they described the country they saw and gave their opinion on the local daily practices. The data obtained for the research project was supplied by paragraphs of texts containing information on Japanese garden, cities and landscapes, found within these texts, which are the most relevant 16th century documents published in Portugal on the subject. The findings of the present work confirms that the Jesuits writings contain significant information on Japanese garden art and make it possible the comparison between the images found and the images of the 16th century Japanese garden produced in Japan. Garden art and theory was analysed to provide a background of how the gardens observed by the Jesuits were and had evolved trough time. The selected passages describe the gardens of the powerful personalities and institutions of the time. Some of these places have survived until the present day, and were visited for the sake of this project. They suggest that the defined programs that label the Japanese gardens of the sixteen century nowadays were more vast and flexible than what is generally acknowledge and may be a contribution for Japanese Garden Art
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Tsang, Wing-yi. "Jewish imagery and orientalism in nineteenth and early twentieth century European art." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40040355.

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Tsang, Wing-yi, and 曾穎怡. "Jewish imagery and orientalism in nineteenth and early twentieth century European art." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40040355.

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Wong, Mei-kin Maggie, and 黃美堅. "Collecting and picturing the orient: China's impact on nineteenth-century European Art." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2954452X.

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Norris, R. Mae. "Beyond the battlefield : Venice's Condottieri families and artistic patronage : the Colleoni of Bergamo, Martinengo di Padernello of Brescia and the Savorgnan del Monte of Udine (1450-1600)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708397.

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Книги з теми "Art, European – 16th century"

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Women Art Patrons and Collectors Conference Organization, ed. Vanishing boundaries: Scientific knowledge and art production in the Early Modern era. Ramsey, New Jersey: The WAPACC Organization, 2015.

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2

Museum, Seattle Art, ed. Japan envisions the West: 16th-19th century Japanese art from Kobe City Museum. Seattle: Seattle Art Museum, 2007.

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3

Bijutsukan, Fukuoka-shi. Nihon bijutsu no naka no Seiyō: Azuchi Momoyama, Edo no nyū at̄o : Yunibāshiādo Fukuoka Taikai kaisai kinen tokubetsuten = Western influence on Japanese art : 16th century--19th century. Fukuoka-shi: Fukuoka-shi Bijutsukan, 1995.

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4

Kirsi, Eskelinen, Sinebrychoffin taidemuseo, and Valtion taidemuseo (Finland), eds. Magiasta lääketieteeseen: Tiede ja usko 1500-1700 -luvun taiteessa = From magic to medicine : science and belief in 16th to 18th century art. [Helsinki]: Sinebrychoffin taidemuseo, 2004.

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5

Tanney, Dominique Halbout du. Istanbul seen by Matrakçı and the miniatures of the 16th century. İstanbul: Dost Yayınları, 1996.

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6

Hans, Cools, Keblusek Marika, and Noldus Badeloch, eds. Your humble servant: Agents in early modern Europe. Hilversum: Verloren, 2006.

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7

Micke-Broniarek, Ewa, and Monika Ochnio. The child in the painting from the 16th to the late 19th century in the collections of Polish museums. Edited by Muzeum Pałac w. Wilanowie. [Wilanów, Warsaw]: Wilanów Palace Museum, 2004.

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8

Čičo, Martin. Architectura delineata et sculpta: Obraz architektúry v grafike 16.-18. storočia = The image of architecture in 16th-18th century prints. Bratislava: Slovenská Národná Galéria, 2011.

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9

Centre, Agnes Etherington Art, ed. First impressions: European views of the natural history of Canada from the 16th to the 19th century. Kingston, Canada: Agnes Etherington Art Centre, Queen's University, 1992.

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10

Robert, Klein. Italian art, 1500-1600: Sources and documents. Evanston, Ill: Northwestern University Press, 1989.

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Частини книг з теми "Art, European – 16th century"

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Žanna, Nekraševič-Karotkaja. "Artistic Expression of the Translatio imperii Concept in the Latin Epic Poetry of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th Century and the European Literary Context." In Biblioteca di Studi Slavistici, 75–96. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-198-3.05.

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In this article the author analyzes how the Renaissance epic poetry of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth approaches the theme of translatio imperii, which is a concept and a political stereotype of transfer of metaphysical world domination from country to country. After the fall of Constantinople (1453), the concept of translatio imperii gradually lost its universal character and was interpreted within the confines of a nation. Among the analyzed poems are: Bellum Prutenum (1516) by Ioannes Visliciensis and Radivilias (1592) by Ioannes Radvanus. The artistic expression of both the “Jagiellonian” and Lithuanian (i.e., Grand Duchy of Lithuania) patriotism, which incorporated the concept of translatio imperii, had an enormous impact on the formation of the national identity of the Belarusian, Lithuanian, and Polish peoples.
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Briffa, K. R., P. D. Jones, R. B. Vogel, F. H. Schweingruber, M. G. L. Baillie, S. G. Shiyatov, and E. A. Vaganov. "European Tree Rings and Climate in the 16th Century." In Climatic Variability in Sixteenth-Century Europe and Its Social Dimension, 151–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9259-8_5.

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Jones, Michael. "Tycho Brahe, Cartography and Landscape in 16th Century Scandinavia." In European Rural Landscapes: Persistence and Change in a Globalising Environment, 209–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48512-1_13.

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Tucker, Arthur O., and Jules Janick. "Aztec Plants in 16th Century New World and European Herbals." In Flora of the Voynich Codex, 221–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19377-5_5.

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Vianello, Daniele. "Masks and Comic Stereotypes between Performance and Image in Late 16th-Century Bavaria." In Theater, 217–40. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839466285-011.

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In this article Daniele Vianello focuses on the frescoes decorating the Narrentreppe of the Bavarian castle of Trausnitz, which are one of the first examples of the figurative myth of commedia dell'arte. The reinterpretation of the frescoes distances itself from traditional historiography, which tended to consider these images as a record of performances by companies of professional Italian actors in the German area in the late 16th century. Rather, these figurations are indicative of the very early diffusion in the iconography of the themes of the commedia dell'arte, which becomes a true aesthetic phenomenon in all of Europe.
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Glaister, Helen. "Chinese Porcelain in European Style." In Chinese Art Objects, Collecting, and Interior Design in Twentieth-Century Britain, 1–32. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003230779-1.

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Minea, Cosmin. "Habsburg Scholars and Writings about Romanian Historical Monuments in the Late Nineteenth Century." In East Central European Art Histories and Austria, 39–64. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839473634-003.

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Rosa, Cristina. "L’Asia orientale vista con gli occhi di viaggiatori italiani del secolo XVI." In Studi e saggi, 283–94. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-467-0.23.

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The Italian travellers to the East during the 16th century left us some important works that they elaborated after their return to their homeland, works whose declared motivation was not only to leave a tangible memory of their life experiences but also to offer the cultured public of Old Europe and people interested in those geographical areas for professional reasons, useful material for a better understanding of the world. These texts, produced in accordance with certain literary canons that were already relatively well defined, are often documents capable of testifying to travel experiences in the era of the great geographical explorations in the Far East after Vasco da Gama’s voyage.
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Hilton, Alison. "Iaroslavna’s Lament and Its Echoes in Late Nineteenth-Century Russian Art." In New Narratives of Russian and East European Art, 32–47. New York: Routledge, 2020. | Series: [Studies in art historiography]: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429028595-3.

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Pattison, George. "Music, Madness and Mephistopheles: Art and Nihilism in Thomas Mann’s Doctor Faustus." In European Literature and Theology in the Twentieth Century, 1–14. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230379503_1.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Art, European – 16th century"

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Abos, Ileana Ana. "CULTURAL HERITAGE AT THE CROSSROADS: THE RENAISSANCE CASTLES OF THE MURE? VALLEY, TRANSYLVANIA, ROMANIA IN THE 20TH-21ST CENTURIES." In 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on ART and HUMANITIES - ISCAH 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscah.2023/fs05.06.

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The Mure? Valley is one of Romania's most culturally cohesive landscapes. Its cultural heritage intertwines with Western and Central Europe. Europe's cultural heritage includes this region's heritage. Starting in the 16th century, several noble residences were constructed in this region in magnificent geographical surroundings. Some of these were built according to designs based on Italian Renaissance architectural treatises. The most impressive style of Transylvanian Renaissance architecture is represented by these monuments. These belonged to noble and princely families, and they varied greatly in terms of size and demand. Around them, parks were constructed, and the castle contained a remarkable collection of books and artwork. After being nationalised in 1949, they underwent significant changes under communism. Some of these changes destroyed them, and others are irreparable. This work aims to illustrate the changes the magnificent Renaissance mansions of the nobility have undergone over time. These changes occurred in the 20th and 21st centuries. On the inside, there were numerous changes. In addition, the parks that border these architectural complexes have been changed or eliminated. The cultural landscape has irrevocably changed. Our research shows three main categories of Renaissance castles in the Mures Valley. A) Saved monuments, where you can see how they were preserved and incorporated into tourist routes. It may also involve returning castles to the community. B) Crumbling castles represent the opposing polarity. C) Castles undergoing restoration. According to their legal standing, castles are either privately owned, owned by the state, or owned by Catholic or Reformed churches. Preserving these monuments and the cultural landscape they generate preserves a significant part of our implicit cultural heritage and European identity.
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Campos, João. "Kilwa, the first European overseas’ fortification built in the East." In FORTMED2024 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2024.2024.17944.

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The Portuguese Fort of Kilwa, 300 km south of Dar-es-Salam, is part of the archaeological landscape of Kilwa Kisiwani and Songo Mnara (Tanzania), classified as World Heritage in 1981. Together with the Fort they stand out the ruins of the Great Mosque (11th/13th c.) and the Husuni Kubwa Palace (14th c.). Since the 10th century there were flourishing cities at , through which passed much of the trade in the Indian Ocean. As the control came to the Portuguese hands in the 16th century, the region went into decline. Built in 17 days (23 July – 9 August 1505) during the inauguration voyage of Francisco de Almeida, the designated 1st Viceroy of India, the Fort was enshrined in royal rules for the ordering of the colonial direction of the Expansion. Therefore, it can be considered as the first construction of stone (coral) and lime made by Europeans in the eastern side of the world, 500 years ago. The Portuguese occupation only last for 7 years, but its use remain until the mid-nineteenth century, during the operational city. Despite the evolutionary adaptations that lend some contours of Swahili culture to the Fort, its original compositional principles are clearly identified. It is a practical and expeditious example of military architecture, in transition to pyroballistic architecture, designed with a square shape and two round bastions at opposite angles. This model possibly corresponds to the one idealized by Leonardo da Vinci, serving the requirements of the first phase of the Expansion (although it was also adapted in the remodeling of the medieval castles on the border with Spain). The period in which it occurs is called Manueline (King Manuel, 1495-1521), important examples remaining in Africa (Morocco with El Jadida and Aguz, or Ghana with Mina) and in India (Cranganor, Chale), some abandoned or destroyed, and others replaced by more advanced equipment. Kilwa's Fort (located on the seashore served by ships, like all Expansion forts) had internally 2 floors with flat cover in the bastions for artillery.
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Chromec, Peter R., and Francis A. Ferraro. "Waste-to-Energy in the Context of Global Warming." In 16th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec16-1954.

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In December 2007 the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) took place in Bali. It was based on the IPCC report no. 4 presented in Barcelona on November 2007. The messages are briefly: • Warming of the climate system is unequivocal; • Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to human activities have grown since pre-industrial times; • Continued GHG emissions at or above current rates would cause further warming and induce many changes in the global climate system during the 21st century that would very likely be larger than those observed during the 20th century; • Key mitigation technologies in the waste sector: Landfill Gas (LFG) methane recovery; waste incineration with energy recovery; composting of organic waste; controlled waste water treatment; recycling and waste minimisation; biocovers and biofilters to optimise methane oxidation. The above by the IPCC proposed mitigation technologies for the waste sector can be categorized regarding specific waste treatment scenarios and their efficiency expressed in kg CO2 equivalent emitted per ton of waste. • Landfill w/o LFG recovery 1850 kg CO2-eq; • Landfill with LFG recovery 250–775 kg CO2-eq; • Energy-from-Waste plant −1000..−100 kg CO2-eq. With a population of little over 300 million people and a per capita municipal waste generation rate of 760 kg/person.year, the total waste generated in the USA is about 230 million Mg/year (OECD). With the treatment scenarios discussed above, the following can be stated: • If all wastes were landfilled waste disposal would correspond to 425 million tons of CO2 equivalents. • If all wastes were incinerated in Energy-from-Waste (EfW) plants, the emissions could be reduced by about 500 million tons of CO2 equivalents (about 9% of today’s US CO2 output) and make the waste management sector a GHG emissions sink. • The total electricity generated from EfW plants could be as high as 15,000 MW replacing about 50 standard 300 MW power plant units. To an average US 4 person household about 3 t/year of municipal solid wastes can be allocated, corresponding to an annual difference between landfilling without LFG recovery and EfW treatment of about 6.9 Mg CO2-eq /year. If this household wanted to achieve the same reduction of CO2 equivalent emissions by other means than having these wastes burnt in a modern EfW plant, they have the following options: • Remove one automobile from use (EPA: 6.0 Mg CO2-eq /year); • Cut household electricity consumption by 80% (EIA: 7.8 Mg CO2-eq /year). The European parliament commission has proposed to reduce CO2 emissions in Europe to 20–30% below 1990 levels. In comparison with Europe, annual GHG emissions (CO2-eq/person year) in the U.S. today are on a level about double that of the Europe. In order to achieve a similar reduction in the U.S., significant efforts have to be done on all energy fronts. Energy-from-Waste (EfW) is one of them, which at the same time solves a space and pollution problem and does not leave these issues to future generations.
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Boldureanu, Ana, and Gheorghe Postică. "Monedele otomane din complexele funerare de la Mănăstirea Căpriana." In Cercetarea și valorificarea patrimoniului arheologic medieval. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/idn-c12-2022-190-203.

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The authors present the coins discovered during the archaeological excavations carried out in 1993, 2001-2003, 2005-2008 and 2016. During the archaeological excavations at the Căpriana Monastery, 132 coins were discovered in the necropolis of the founders inside the Church of the Dormition of the Mother of God, within the filling soil under the floor of the church, in the necropolis around the church, in the wall of a building located to the west of the church, as well as in the cultural layer around the church. A total of 36 coins discovered inside the church come from 10 graves and its cultural layer, while the coins discovered in the necropolis around the church come from 7 graves. From the total number of 88 investigated graves, coins were discovered in 17 burial complexes (19%). Most of the graves contain a single coin, in grave 39 2 coins were found, in grave 56 24 pieces were deposited, representing a small treasure, and in another case (grave 18) a monetary deposit consisting of 83 coins was found. The coins deposited in graves represent several monetary areas. The European ones are issues of the Kingdom of Poland and the Holy German Empire issued starting from the third decade of the 16th century and up to 1627. Most of the coins from Căpriana come from the Ottoman Empire, representing coins issued in the 18th century, but also two copies with a large denomination - ikilik, issued by Selim III, being the most recent coins from the tombs.
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"Cover Art." In 2011 16th IEEE European Test Symposium (ETS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ets.2011.65.

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Micara, Ludovico. "Teorie urbane, ingegneria militare ed utopia nelle città mediterranee del XVI° secolo. I casi di Sabbioneta e della Medina di Tripoli." In FORTMED2024 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2024.2024.17908.

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Sabbioneta is one of the few new Italian cities created in the 16th century. Founded by Vespasiano Gonzaga (1531-1591) between 1560 and 1570, it brings together many of the aspects that will characterize the post-16th century urban development in Italy, in the Mediterranean countries, and in Europe. The new bastioned defensive systems, created after the invention of firearms based on the scientific logics of "military engineers", a professional category which emerged at that time, increasingly spread in the abovementioned countries. Such defensive technique introduced an innovative configuration of the urban structure compared to the ancient one, which was before concentrated on central places such as the square, the cathedral and the municipal buildings. The new defensive system, with its ramparts, bastions and moats was located at the border of the city, distant from central places and became so important as to radically change the shape and plan of the city. The new urban geometries could even evoke the pure, simple and regular shapes of the ideal cities conceived by utopian philosophers, which were generally represented as central forms, and symbolic expressions of Thomas More’s Utopia perfect society. But this historical reference just remains a theoretical one. Sabbioneta and other fortified cities in the Mediterranean world, like Tripoli’s Medina after the 16th century Spanish military intervention, are the expression of a new view of the city, in which the defensive aspect constitutes the dominant character due to the revolution of firearms.
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Schwartz, Mark, and Cal Disney. "Art of the Deal: Building WTE in the 21st Century." In 16th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec16-1942.

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The nation’s first successful commercial waste-to-energy facility went on-line in 1975 and the industry has accumulated a three-decade long track record—operating safely, improving efficiencies, and meeting new, tougher environmental standards. The industry has matured and has learned from operating experience. But as the industry faces a revival, have we also learned to improve on the art of the deal? In the past, the standard lump sum RFP approach forced project sponsors and vendors into a type of Russian roulette—one-sided gamesmanship that opened one or both sides to unreasonable risk with willing partners in the construction and financial community. On today’s financial and financial risk playing field, though, Wheelabrator believes that the road to prosperity—for sponsor and vendor—is found in above-board open book negotiations. It’s a process designed to reduce economic risk and provides a more realistic picture of the actual cost of the project once it’s in the ground and operating. Mark Schwartz, Senior Manager of Business Development for Wheelabrator Technologies, and Cal Disney, Vice President of Whiting-Turner, will review the pitfalls of the past and discuss how the process can be improved when all parties participate in the design, permitting and construction oversight of a facility. They will discuss how the process can lead to contracts with fixed costs, lower capital costs, minimal risks and a public private partnership that gets the most value for taxpayer dollars.
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"[Cover art]." In 2012 16th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (CSMR 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csmr.2012.91.

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Sánchez Vértiz Ruiz, René L. "Alteración del clima en el valle de México tras cinco siglos de deterioro ambiental." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7560.

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Este trabajo intenta mostrar algunas de las alteraciones climáticas que han sido causadas por el deterioro del ambiente en el Valle de México -la zona más poblada del altiplano central mexicano- cuyos efectos son perceptibles como afectaciones al confort humano: humedad ambiental, radiación solar, temperaturas y viento. Aunque no es posible contar con evidencias cuantitativas irrefutables, sí es posible contrastar las condiciones cualitativas imperantes en el siglo XVI contra las del siglo XXI. En tiempos precolombinos, la vida cotidiana del habitante del Valle de México se desarrollaba casi siempre al aire libre, en contacto con el cielo abierto y el paisaje circundante. Pocas actividades tenían lugar en espacios bajo techo, los cuales sólo eran ocupados durante algunas cuantas horas al día. El diseño de espacios interiores no era una preocupación fundamental de los constructores, lo que contrasta con el esmero aplicado a la arquitectura de exteriores y a la relación con los elementos del paisaje. La posterior etapa colonial fomentó la preferencia por una vida cotidiana desarrollada dentro de espacios confinados entre muros y cubiertas, siguiendo las costumbres europeas. Los ambientes al aire libre comenzaron a ser considerados como secundarios, de modo que el espacio abierto empezó a ser visto con cierta indiferencia, que paulatinamente fue en aumento; más tarde, se sentaron las bases para un proceso de deterioro ambiental que no ha cesado hasta hoy y que es particularmente notorio en la desecación de lagos y en la tala masiva de bosques. El fenómeno de la degradación del ambiente ha acelerado a la par del crecimiento desmesurado y descontrolado de las áreas urbanas del valle de México, especialmente durante las últimas décadas del siglo XX. En la zona hoy impera un círculo vicioso: la citada degradación de los ámbitos al aire libre incita a preferir ámbitos cada vez más cerrados y aislados del ambiente exterior, lo que a su vez incrementa la pérdida de calidad de los espacios a cielo abierto. Testimonios escritos hace siglos, antiguos nombres de poblaciones, topónimos y otras evidencias de siglos pasados describen de modo cualitativo e indirecto ciertas condiciones ambientales hoy desaparecidas. Destacan los indicios relativos a humedad ambiental, radiación solar y temperaturas que se han modificado negativamente tras un proceso de medio milenio de extinción de bosques y zonas lacustres. Es posible afirmar que varias condiciones ambientales predominantes en el siglo XVI, hoy desaparecidas, facilitaban la vida al aire libre. The aim of this work is to describe some climate alterations caused by environmental deterioration on the surrounding valley of Mexico City (the most populated zone of mexican central highlands), whose effects are noticeable by human comfort perception, such as humidity, solar radiation, and temperature. We have no quantitative evidences, but it’s possible to compare qualitative climate conditions from 16th to 21th centuries. In pre columbian times, almost all daily life at Mexico central valley was developed on outdoor spaces. Just a few activities took place inside indoor spaces. Precolumbian architecture is not renowned because its interior design, but by its landscape architecture. Colonial times imposed a new way to conceive quotidian life. European influences preferred indoor spaces; therefore, daily activities and open spaces started losing contact and landscape became a secondary item. Later, lake dessication and massive wood destruction processes started, accelerating along the centuries and reaching its highest point at the end of the 20th century, when metropolitan urban growing of Mexico City was out of control. Now, a vicious circle is the sovereign ruler of the valley: environmental deterioration and unpleasant, low quality outdoors instigate architects and builders to produce more isolated, indoor spaces, with more negative effects on environmental quality. Historic testimonies, ancient names of places and other evidences can describe lost environmental qualities as humidity, solar radiation and temperature, all of them substantially modified during the past five centuries. It’s possible to asseverate that in the 16th century some environmental features -now extinguished produced good conditions for outdoor daily life.
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Lebedeva, A. Iu. "Collage. Artistic features and ideological content in the European XX century art." In ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-03-2019-36.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Art, European – 16th century"

1

Yatsymirska, Mariya. Мова війни і «контрнаступальна» лексика у стислих медійних текстах. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, березень 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11742.

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The article examines the language of the russian-ukrainian war of the 21st century based on the materials of compressed media texts; the role of political narratives and psychological-emotional markers in the creation of new lexemes is clarified; the verbal expression of forecasts of ukrainian and foreign analysts regarding the course of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine is shown. Compressed media texts reflect the main meanings of the language of the russian-ukrainian war in relation to the surrounding world. First of all, the media vocabulary was supplemented with neologisms – aggressive and sad: “rashism”, “denazification”, “katsapstan”, “orks”, “rusnia”, “kremlins”, “parebrik”, “in the swamps”, “nuclear dictator”, “putinism”, “two hundred” and others. Numerals acquired new expressive and evaluative meanings: “200s” (dead), “300s” (wounded), “400s” (russian military personnel who filed reports for termination of the contract), “500s” (hopelessly drunk russian soldiers, alcoholics who are unable to perform combat tasks). The language of war intensified the slogans of the struggle for state independence and people’s freedom. The scope of the greeting “Glory to Ukraine! – Glory to Heroes!”. New official holidays have appeared in the history of Ukraine since 2014: “Heroes of the Heavenly Hundred” Day (February 20), “Ukrainian Volunteer Day” (March 14), “Defenders and Defenders of Ukraine Day” (October 14), “Volunteer Day” (5 December). As you know, the professional holiday of the military is the Day of the Armed Forces of Ukraine” (December 6). A special style is characteristic of media texts on military topics: “Iron Force of Ukraine” (Iron Force of Ukraine), “digitize the Army” (for effective simulation of military operations); “grain corridor” (export of Ukrainian grain to African and European countries); “don’t let Ukraine lose” (the position of the Allies at the first stage of the war), “Ukraine must win!” (the position of the Allies in the second stage of the war); “in the Russian-Ukrainian war, the thinking of the 19th century collided with the thinking of the 21st century”, “a politician is a person who understands time” (Grigori Yavlinskyy, Russian oppositionist); “aggressive neutrality” (about Turkey’s position); “in Russia”, “there, in the swamps” (in Russia), “weak, inadequate evil” (about Russia), “behind the fence”; “a great reset of the world order”; “technology of military creativity”; “they are not Russian and not Ukrainian, they are Soviet”, “people without mentality”, “in Ukraine and without Ukraine” (Vitaly Portnikov about a separate category of Russian-speaking citizens in Ukraine); “information bed of Ukraine” (about combat operations on the front line; “when a descendant asks me what I did in those terrifying moments, I will know what to answer. At the very least, I did not stand aside” (opinion of a Ukrainian fighter). Compressed in media texts is implemented in the headline, note, infographic, chronicle, digest, help, caption for photos, blitz poll, interview, short articles, caricature, visual text, commercial, etc. Researchers add “nominative-representative text (business card text, titles of sections, pages, names of presenters, etc.) to concise media texts for a functional and pragmatic purpose.” accent text (quote, key idea); text-navigator (content, news feed, indication of movement or time); chronotope”. A specific linguistic phenomenon known as “language compression” is widespread in media texts. Language compression is the art of minimization; attention is focused on the main, the most essential, everything secondary is filtered out. Compression uses words succinctly and sparingly to convey the meaning as much as possible. For example, the headline “Racism. What is the essence of the new ideology of the Russian occupiers?”. The note briefly explains the meaning of this concept and explains the difference from “nazism” and “fascism”. Key words: compressed media text, language compression, language of war, emotional markers, expressive neologisms, political journalism.
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