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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Arsenic wastes Environmental aspects"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 31 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Arsenic wastes Environmental aspects"

1

Jones, C. J., D. Laky, I. Galambos, C. Avendano, and V. L. Colvin. "Life cycle analysis of two Hungarian drinking water arsenic removal technologies." Water Supply 14, no. 1 (September 12, 2013): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.165.

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Анотація:
Determining a technology's merit as a solution to Hungarian drinking water arsenic contamination goes beyond technical concerns: environmental and economic aspects also play very important roles. In an effort to address the current arsenic drinking water requirements in Hungary, life cycle analysis (LCA) methodology was applied on two example arsenic removal technologies, coagulation-filtration and adsorption, from cradle to grave. A distribution of 500 m3/day was assumed, along with a range of possible operation boundary conditions modelled solely for As treatment. Nine out of 10 considered impact categories tended to favour coagulation-filtration, however realistic variations in water chemistry and product characteristics led to some overlap of their environmental impact. Unlike other studies on water systems, electricity did not have a large direct impact; this was due to the focussed nature of this study on individual treatment technologies rather than an entire water supply system. Regeneration of the adsorption technology filter material was also observed to require nearly the same mass of materials for one regeneration as what was needed to support the coagulation-filtration technology for an entire year. Hazardous waste was surprisingly not reduced for adsorption compared to coagulation-filtration due to prefiltration requirements and an extra regeneration, even though adsorption shifts some of the environmental burden to the production phase. Additionally, cost analysis observes that coagulation-filtration is the cheaper of the two technologies; its highest cost is that of waste disposal, while the highest single expense modelled is that of the adsorption media cost.
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2

V., Anantha Rama, Prakash P., and Kiran Kumar B.V. "Impact of Hazardous Industrial Waste on Health and Environment." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 5, no. 1 (July 25, 2006): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.8.5.

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From the days of primitive society, human and animals have used the resource of the earth to support life and to dispose waste. Rapid population growth and uncontrolled industrial development are seriously degrading the urban and semi-urban environment in many of the developing countries placing enormous strain on natural resources and undermining efficient and sustainable development. Industrial operations lead to considerable generation of hazardous waste and in rapidly industrializing countries such as India the contribution to hazardous waste from industries are largest. Hazardous waste genarations from industries is also critical due to their large geophysical spread in the country, leading to regionwide impacts. Due to liberalization policy the pace of industrialization has been accelerated, which has resulted in increasing amount of hazardous waste every year. This long with a growing amount of municipal solid waste due to rapid urbanization and inadequate policy and technological measures continues to remain a daunting issue of environmental concern to India. In this scenario the present paper discusses various aspects of hazardous industrial waste like its origin, distribution and environmental and health hazards. Hazardous waste from industrial sectors contains heavy metals, pesticides, radioactive materials and other chemicals, which are toxic, flammable, reactive, corrosive, or have explosive properties. Normally Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead, Zinc, Boron etc are found in pulverized fly ash. Cement industries emit huge quality of fluoride into the environment. Large quantity of mercury emitted from caustic soda industries using mercury electrodes, from chemical industries, paper and pulp industries etc. Tin mines emit tin in the vicinity of the mines. The metals such as Cadmium, Lead, Chromium, Arsenic etc, if present in the body, are hazardous to the health. Presence of fluoride within the range of 0.5 to 1.5 ppm is very essential in water for health, if present in excess leads to Florosis. Fouride may cause harm not only through water but also through air by way of respiration and soil. In river estuaries, the concentration of metal traces will reach to a high degrees of contamination because of stagnant water, when industrial effluents are fed into rivers and streams. This paper throws light upon many more such factors and also suggest measures to control and manage hazardous waste.
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3

Peters, Gregory R., Ross F. McCurdy, and J. Thomas Hindmarsh. "Environmental Aspects of Arsenic Toxicity." Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 33, no. 6 (January 1996): 457–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10408369609080055.

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4

Zajáros, Anett, Klára Szita, Károly Matolcsy, and Dániel Horváth. "Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of DMSO Solvent Recovery from Hazardous Waste Water." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 62, no. 3 (November 13, 2017): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.11097.

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Анотація:
The protection of continuous drinking water supply is really important all over the world, also in Hungary. Many kinds of hazardous chemicals could pollute the natural water resources, arsenic is one of the most occurring pollutant in Hungary. Recently, an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer based arsenic removal adsorbent has been developed. During the manufacturing process hazardous waste water is produced, which is burned in the incineration plant, so this open production process needs fresh solvent every time. However, if the different fraction of the waste water is separated by distillation both the volume of the hazardous waste water can be reduced extremely and the recovered solvent and water can be reused in the manufacturing process. Beside analytical measurements Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) was prepared to identify and compare the environmental, economic and social effects of the current technology and the new one. The results proved that the technology closed by distillation is better than the current open one in each aspect of LCSA.
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Webster, Tara M., Raghav R. Reddy, James Y. Tan, Joy D. Van Nostrand, Jizhong Zhou, Kim F. Hayes, and Lutgarde Raskin. "Anaerobic Disposal of Arsenic-Bearing Wastes Results in Low Microbially Mediated Arsenic Volatilization." Environmental Science & Technology 50, no. 20 (October 7, 2016): 10951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02286.

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Leist, M., R. J. Casey, and D. Caridi. "The management of arsenic wastes: problems and prospects." Journal of Hazardous Materials 76, no. 1 (August 2000): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(00)00188-6.

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7

Mainier, F. B., L. P. C. Monteiro, and R. J. Mainier. "Socio-environmental Impacts Associated with Burning Alternative Fuels in Clinker Kilns." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 3, no. 4 (August 11, 2013): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.359.

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Анотація:
The pollutants found in emissions from cement plants depend on the processes used and the operation of the clinker kilns. Another crucial aspect concerns the characteristics of raw materials and fuels. The intensive use of fuels in rotary kilns of cement plants and the increasing fuel diversification, including fuels derived from coal and oil, from a multitude of industrial waste and from biomass, charcoal and agricultural waste (sugarcane bagasse, rice husk), is increasing the possibilities of combinations or mixtures of different fuels, known as blends. Thus, there are socio-environmental impacts associated with the burning of alternative fuels in clinker kilns. In view of the growing trend of entrepreneurs who want to target the waste produced in their unit and of the owners of the cement plants who want to reduce their production costs by burning a waste with lower cost than conventional fuels, it is necessary to warn that a minimum level of environmental care should be followed regarding these decisions. It is necessary to monitor the points of emission from cement kilns and in the wider area influenced by the plant, in order to improve environmental quality. Laboratory studies of burning vulcanised rubber contaminated with arsenic simulate the burning of used tires in cement clinker kilns producing SO2 and As2O3.
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8

Hindmarsh, J. Thomas, Ross F. McCurdy, and John Savory. "Clinical and Environmental Aspects of Arsenic Toxicity." CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 23, no. 4 (January 1986): 315–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10408368609167122.

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9

Clapp, C. Edward, Michael H. B. Hayes, and Claudio Ciavatta. "Organic wastes in soils: Biogeochemical and environmental aspects." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 39, no. 6 (June 2007): 1239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.001.

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10

Rosli, Ruhan A., Zakuan A. S. Harumain, Muhammad F. Zulkalam, Azzmer A. A. Hamid, Mohd F. Sharif, Mohd A. N. Mohamad, Abdul L. Noh, and Rozilawati Shahari. "Phytoremediation of Arsenic in Mine Wastes by Acacia mangium." Remediation Journal 31, no. 3 (June 7, 2021): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rem.21688.

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Дисертації з теми "Arsenic wastes Environmental aspects"

1

Edvantoro, Bagus Bina. "Bioavailability, toxicity and microbial volatilisation of arsenic in soils from cattle dip sites." Title page, Contents and Abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ae24.pdf.

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2

Stevens, Brooke Nan. "Bioaccessibility, Bioavailability, and Chemical Speciation of Arsenic in Contaminated Soils and Solid Wastes." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1469101685.

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3

Savoie, Courtney Beth Young. "Arsenic Mobility and Compositional Variability in High-Silica Ash Flow Tuffs." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1012.

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Анотація:
Volcanic rocks typically have only low to moderate arsenic concentrations, none-the-less, elevated levels of arsenic in ground waters have been associated with pyroclastic and volcaniclastic rocks and sediments in many parts of the world. The potential for arsenic leaching from these deposits is particularly problematic as they often comprise important water-bearing units in volcanic terrains. However, the role that chemical and mineralogical variations play in controlling the occurrence and mobility of arsenic from pyroclastic rocks is largely unexplored. This study uses chemical and X-ray diffraction data to characterize and classify 49 samples of ash-flow tuffs, and 11 samples of tuffaceous sediments. The samples exhibit a range of devitrification and chemical weathering. Total and partial digestion, and water extractions of samples are used to determine the total, environmentally available, and readily leachable fractions of arsenic present in all tuff samples. Leaching experiments were also performed with buffered solutions to determine the influence of elevated pH levels on arsenic mobility. The 49 tuff samples have a mean arsenic content of 7.5 mg kg-1, a geometric mean arsenic content of 4.8 mg kg-1, a median arsenic content of 5.2 mg kg-1, and a maximum arsenic concentration of 81 mg kg-1. The mean and median values are 2.8 - 4.4x the average crustal abundance of 1.7 mg kg-1 (Wedepohl, 1995), and consistent with previously reported values for volcanic glasses and felsic volcanic rocks (Onishi and Sandell, 1955; Wedepohl, 1995), although the maximum arsenic content is higher than previously reported (e.g., Casentini et al., 2010; Fiantis et al., 2010; Nobel et al., 2004). In addition, the arsenic concentrations of tuffs were found to be highly heterogenous, both between and within individual units, and in some cases, individual outcrops. Results of whole rock and leachate analyses indicate that there is no significant difference in the total arsenic content of tuffs as a result of devitrification or weathering, but both devitrified and weathered tuffs contain higher levels of environmentally available arsenic than unweathered glassy tuffs. Glassy tuffs did not produce any readily leachable arsenic, while individual devitrified and weathered tuffs both generated aqueous concentrations that exceeded regulatory limits after 18 hours. Leaching of weathered tuffs produced higher levels of arsenic at high (~9-11) pH than in tests conducted at circum-neutral pH. Devitrified and glassy tuffs showed no increase in leachable arsenic with increasing pH. The results of this study indicate that devitrification and weathering processes determine the host phases, degree of adsorption, and overall mobility of arsenic from ash-flow tuffs. Tuffs that have undergone different types of alteration are likely to have different host phases of arsenic, and different mechanisms that mobilize arsenic into the environment. Potential host phases and mobility mechanisms are discussed, and a conceptual model of arsenic behavior in ash-flow tuffs is proposed.
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4

Bauer, Elizabeth Nanette. "MODIFICATION OF AN EXISTING BENTHAL MODEL FOR PAPER MILL WASTES." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275443.

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5

Tsai, Yi-Chang. "A quantitative spatial thoroughness methodology for environmental site characterization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19503.

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6

Woods, William Eric. "Copper migration through petroleum-treated soils." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722463.

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Анотація:
The purpose of the project was to determine the effect of various petroleum amendments on the migration rate of Cu. The petroleum amendments used in this research are frequently added to the soil surface in petroleum landfarming. Such petroleum wastes often contain significant amounts of Cu and other metals.Soil columns were amended with citric acid, used crankcase oil and Illinois crude oil. Each amendment was spiked (treated) with three different concentrations of Cu and each treatment was replicated three times. The columns were leached once per week, for ten weeks, with distilled water acidified to pH 4.5 to simulate acid rain. Leachate from the soil columns was analyzed weekly for total Cu. At the end of the ten week period, the soil was analyzed for Cu and TOC content at 7 cm intervals to determine the amount of migration by Cu and the organic amendments, resectively. The soil (a Glynwood silt loam) and the organic amendments were each analyzed for total Cu to determine background levels. The soil was analyzed for pH, TOC, electrical conductivity and soil texture.Analysis of the leachate and soil showed differential migration of Cu through the soil columns. Significant levels of Cu leached in the columns amended with citric acid (as high as 85.3 mg/L) in the first 3 weeks of the study. The Cu content of the leachate from columns amended with crude petroleum were at approximately background levels (5.5 mg/L) as was the leachate from columns amended with crankcase oil (0.2 mg/L). In the later weeks of the research, as the petroleum amendments were broken down by microorganisms, some Cu was chelated to small fragments of the petroleum and leached through the soil columns. Most of the Cu appeared to remain on the surface of the columns, bound to the petroleum amendments. Analysis of the soil, for total Cu content with depth, showed very little Cu accumulation at any depth in the soil column, beyond the soil surface. In most cases Cu levels remained near the background levels found in the control columns.Moderate correlation was found (r2 = .59 for crude oil; r2 = - .54 for crankcase oil; r2 = .85 for citric acid) between Cu levels and TOC levels in the soil columns with depth.From the results of the current study it can be inferred that practices such as petroleum landfarming and land disposal of some hazardous materials may allow for the migration of both the applied petroleum wastes and any metals which may be contained within.
Department of Natural Resources
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7

Hung, Chien-ho. "Evaluation of leaching mechanisms and long-term leachability of metallic contaminants solidified/stabilized by cement matrices." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20761.

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Swarna, Anitha. "Removal of Arsenic Using Iron Coated Limestone." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1342.

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Arsenic contamination in drinking water is a severe problem worldwide. The best way to prevent hazardous diseases from chronic arsenic exposure is to remove the exposure. Efforts to remediate arsenic in drinking water have taken two tracks. One is to provide surface or shallow well water sources as an alternative to the arsenic contaminated deep wells. Another approach is to remove arsenic from the contaminated water. Different removal technologies like oxidation, chemical coagulation, precipitation, adsorption and others are available. There are problems and benefits associated with each of these approaches that can be related to cultural, socio-economic and engineering influences. The method proposed in this research is adsorption of arsenic to iron coated limestone. Different iron coated limestone samples were prepared. Standard solutions of 100ppb arsenic were prepared and batch and kinetic experiments were conducted. The final solution concentrations were analyzed by Graphite Furnace Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (GFAAs) and the results showed that iron coated limestone removed arsenic below 10ppb with 5 grams of material. Variations in iron coverage impacted efficiency of arsenic removal.
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9

Lesley, Michael Patrick. "The fluxes and fates of arsenic, selenium, and antimony from coal fired power plants to rivers." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082004-180307/unrestricted/lesley%5fmichael%5fp%5f200312%5fms.pdf.

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Yang, Yun. "Temperature dependent PCDD/PCDF product distributions from phenols." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20182.

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Книги з теми "Arsenic wastes Environmental aspects"

1

H, Brammer, and Richards K. S, eds. Arsenic pollution: A global synthesis. Malden, MA, USA: Blackwell, 2009.

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2

Wood, Scott A. The aqueous geochemistry of arsenic: Final project report to the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and Barrick-Goldstrike. [Nevada]: [publisher not identified], 1999.

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3

MacPhee, Michael J. Treatment of arsenic residuals from drinking water removal processes. Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, 2001.

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4

MacPhee, Michael J. Treatment of arsenic residuals from drinking water removal processes. Cincinnati, OH: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2001.

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5

Barringer, Julia L. Arsenic and metals in soils in the vicinity of the Imperial Oil Company Superfund site, Marlboro Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey. West Trenton, N.J: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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6

Barringer, Julia L. Arsenic and metals in soils in the vicinity of the Imperial Oil Company superfund site, Marlboro Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey. West Trenton, N.J: U.S. Geological Survey, 1998.

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7

New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Special Committee to Investigate Hazardous Waste Disposal at Military Institutions. Public hearing before Special Committee to Investigate Hazardous Waste Disposal at Military Institutions on environmental and public health dangers which may be posed by the discharging of hazardous wastes at the military installations at Fort Monmouth, the Raritan Arsenal, and the Earle Naval Weapons Station: October 24, 1985, Middletown Township Town Hall, Middletown, New Jersey. [Trenton]: The Committee, 1985.

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8

New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Special Committee to Investigate Hazardous Waste Disposal at Military Institutions. Public hearing before Special Committee to Investigate Hazardous Waste Disposal at Military Installations [i.e. Institutions] on questions concerning the military installations of Fort Monmouth, the Raritan Arsenal, and the Earle Weapons Station, December 10, 1985, Room 438, State House Annex, Trenton, New Jersey. Trenton, N.J: The Committee, 1985.

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9

Committee, New Jersey Legislature Senate Coastal Resources and Tourism. Public hearing before Senate Coastal Resources and Tourism Committee and Assembly Energy and Hazardous Waste Committee: On the loss of 441 drums of arsenic trioxide in waters 30 miles east of Cape May from the vessel Santa Clara I, during the January 3, 1992 coastal storm. Trenton, N.J: The Committees, 1992.

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10

Office, General Accounting. Hazardous waste: Selected aspects of cleanup plan for Rocky Mountain Arsenal : briefing report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1986.

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Частини книг з теми "Arsenic wastes Environmental aspects"

1

Shukla, Anurakti, and Sudhakar Srivastava. "Emerging Aspects of Bioremediation of Arsenic." In Green Technologies and Environmental Sustainability, 395–407. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50654-8_17.

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2

Mensah, Albert Kobina, Bernd Marschner, Kenneth Joseph Bansah, Eric Stemn, Sabry M. Shaheen, and Jörg Rinklebe. "Arsenic in Gold Mining Wastes: An Environmental and Human Health Threat in Ghana." In Global Arsenic Hazard, 49–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16360-9_4.

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Haneklaus, S., J. Fleckenstein, and E. Schnug. "Agro-Environmental Aspects of Land Disposal of Industrial Wastes." In Soil Quality, Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Security in Central and Eastern Europe, 101–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4181-9_8.

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M, Abhilash, Prathapan Ayyappan, Harikumaran Nair R, and Mathews Valuparampil Varghese. "Arsenic: An environmental toxicant-induced oxidative stress and carcinogenesis." In Handbook of Oxidative Stress in Cancer: Mechanistic Aspects, 1–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4501-6_40-1.

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M, Abhilash, Prathapan Ayyappan, Harikumaran Nair R, and Mathews Valuparampil Varghese. "Arsenic: An Environmental Toxicant-Induced Oxidative Stress and Carcinogenesis." In Handbook of Oxidative Stress in Cancer: Mechanistic Aspects, 491–501. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9411-3_40.

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Cooper, John F., G. Bryan Balazs, Patricia Lewis, and Joseph C. Farmer. "Direct Chemical Oxidation of Mixed or Toxic Wastes." In Environmental Aspects of Converting CW Facilities to Peaceful Purposes, 187–202. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0508-1_18.

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Thurow, K., A. Koch, N. Stoll, and C. A. Haney. "General Approaches to The Analysis of Arsenic Containing Warfare Agents." In Environmental Aspects of Converting CW Facilities to Peaceful Purposes, 123–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0508-1_12.

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Schneider, John F., Don Johnson, Norbert Stoll, Kirsten Thurow, Andreas Koch, and Klaus Thurow. "Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of a CW Facility Site for Arsenic Containing Warfare Agents." In Environmental Aspects of Converting CW Facilities to Peaceful Purposes, 139–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0508-1_13.

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Bencko, Vladimír. "Environmental & Human Health Aspects of Burning Arsenic Reach Coal Ecology Restoring Issues." In Implementing Ecological Integrity, 233–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5876-3_15.

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Mandpe, Ashootosh, Sweta Kumari, and Sunil Kumar. "Composting: A Sustainable Route for Processing of Biodegradable Waste in India." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 39–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_3.

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AbstractSurging populations, coupled with the ever-increasing demand for sustenance, have led to the generation of behemoth proportions of wastes throughout the globe. The processing of such a considerable amount of waste has raised concerns for environmental planners, policymakers, and researchers in regard to maintaining sustainability. Biodegradable waste is a part of the total waste stream. Consideration should be given to the importance of making better use of biodegradable waste. The technology that is adopted for the management of biodegradable waste should be ecologically sustainable and cost-effective, as well as beneficial to social well-being. The most efficient way of managing biodegradable waste must include different methods for the optimal utilisation of such waste, ranging from the small scale (single household) to the very large scale (entire city). Amid all the other waste processing technologies, composting stands out as a most potent option because of its ability to maintain and restore soil fertility, along with the transformation of waste into a resource. Composting is one of the few technologies which has a benefit–cost ratio higher than 1 at all scales of operation. This chapter analyses the most significant aspects of the composting process, including the recent developments and dynamics involved in it. The chapter discusses various aspects of composting via analysis of the integrated waste management system and composting-related projects implemented at the community level in the Indian context. Finally, the chapter presents policies and the efforts put in place by the Government of India with the aim of encouraging composting practice and related activities.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Arsenic wastes Environmental aspects"

1

Case, G. G., and R. L. Zelmer. "Comparative Experiences in Environmental Remediation of LLR Waste Sites in Diverse Canadian Environments." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4846.

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A variety of sites contaminated with legacy low-level radioactive (LLR) waste materials have been identified across Canada. Many of these sites, associated with former radium and uranium refining and processing operations, are located in urbanized areas of southern Ontario. However, other sites have been discovered at more remote locations in Canada, including northern Alberta and the Northwest Territories. The diversity of waste froms, ranging from pitchblende ore and processing wastes, to discarded luminescent products, combined with construction and transportation logistical issues encountered at these sites, present ongoing challenges for the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Office (LLRWMO) to overcome in meeting its mandate to resolve these legacy problems. Since its establishment in 1982, the federal government’s LLRWMO has operated programs to characterize and delineate contaminated historic waste sites across Canada. These programs have included undertaking property decontaminations, waste consolidation and interim storage projects at many sites, and participating with federal and provincial government departments and local communities to consider long-term storage and disposal opportunities. This paper compares four specific environmental remediation programs conducted by the LLRWMO within diverse Canadian settings found at Port Hope and Toronto (southern Ontario), Fort McMurray (northern Alberta), and Vancouver (west coast of British Columbia). Contaminant characterization and delineation, and remediation plan design and implementation aspects of these individual programs span the time period from the early 1980s through to 2002. The individual programs dealt with a variety of legacy waste forms that contained natural radioactive materials such as radium-226, total uranium, total thorium and thorium-230, as well as coincidental inorganic contaminants including arsenic, barium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, mercury, vanadium and zinc. Application of the lessons learned during these individual programs, as well as the development of new and innovative technologies to meet the specific needs of these programs, have enabled the LLRWMO to effectively and efficiently implement environmental remediation solutions that address the variety of Canada’s legacy LLR wastes.introduction.
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Pongpitukkul, Woraphat, Thotsaphon Chaianansutcharit, Suppakit Learduchasai, Thunyarak Suankaew, and Satiraporn Sirisampan. "Tantawan Sludge Management: Holistic Approach Introducing New Practices." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21331-ms.

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Abstract Following Tantawan field suspension of production, considerable volume of contaminated crude (high level of mercury and arsenic content) remains on board in Tantawan FPSO. These volumes are deemed as waste hydrocarbon sludge that hold no commercial value and must be urgently removed from the vessel as per safety requirements to maintain the vessel class and certification, according to Tantawan FPSO integrity condition. After review of many alternatives, offshore subsurface disposal initiative is the safest and most cost-effective means for disposal. Since subsurface disposal of such waste, highly mercury and arsenic contaminated crude, has never been performed in the Gulf of Thailand, several aspects need to be considered from technical and environmental perspective and public sector concerns. A cross functional team of Reservoir Engineer, Geologist, Facilities Engineer, Health and Safety, Policy, Government and Public Affair and commercial advisor, has co-devised a holistic waste management plan to inject waste into Tantawan reservoirs after obtaining required approvals by the government. Many challenges including limitation of the FPSO pumping system, sludge properties and seasonal increment weather, were encountered during the execution phase and many remedial actions were taken to mitigate their impact. Cross functional team initiatives on heater installation, adjusting injection procedure, and additional disposal well approval helped address project challenges. Entire volume of sludge was safely injected to subsurface reservoirs with cost effective operation. The success of this offshore injection process has reduced the cost to less than 10% compared to onshore disposal option to asset joint venture. The results set a new standard for Thailand petroleum waste management policy. Following this success, decommissioning of all remaining of Tantawan field are progressing as scheduled. This paper will outline the holistic approach of hydrocarbon sludge management process including the subsurface injection identifcation, stakeholder engagement, environmental impact assessment and execution challenges. Lessons learned from this paper would help other offshore operators to effectively manage hydrocarbon sludge, which demonstrate how the oil and gas industry plays a vital role in protecting the environment.
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Loven, Larry. "Environmental Management for Regulated Industrial Wastes." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2116.

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This paper is to keep you informed of certain recent developments in the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board (AEUB) that is of particular interest to pipleline companies. Since these changes were first initiated, the Board has undertaken a significant transformation of the management of regulated wastes from the petroleum industry. The passing of the G-58 guidelines will have far reaching effects on the business environment of the petroleum industry. We have analyzed some of the more important aspects of this reform. We continue to closely monitor changes from our western Canadian operations, particularly the impact of those changes on those generating regulated wastes in Alberta.
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Mallants, Dirk, Ann Dierckx, Lian Wang, and Geert Volckaert. "Impact Assessment Analysis for Surface Storage of Radioactive Waste Addressing Radiotoxicity and Chemotoxicity: Application to an Existing Radium-Waste Surface Storage Facility." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1235.

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Abstract Radioactive wastes often contain considerable amounts of non-radiological and potentially toxic components such as heavy metals, organics, etc. The present study discusses an impact assessment methodology applied to the surface repository located at Olen (Belgium) containing various wastes from radium and uranium production. The impact assessment considered leaching to groundwater and use of groundwater for production of drinking water and irrigation. Leaching of radionuclides and non-radiological components from the storage facility was calculated using numerical models of water flow and contaminant transport. Results showed that leaching from the waste forms containing the highest concentration in radium, uranium, lead, and arsenic (i.e., various uranium mill tailings and radium sources and needles) did not lead to unacceptable concentrations in the groundwater when a reasonable leaching period was considered.
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Brown, Peter, and David McCauley. "Port Hope Area Initiative." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4675.

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The Port Hope Area Initiative involves a process that will lead to the cleanup of low-level radioactive wastes in two communities in Southern Ontario and the construction of three new long-term waste management facilities in those communities. The history of the Initiative provides important insights into local participation and the successes and failures of siting efforts. The wastes resulted from the operations of an industrial process in Port Hope that began in the 1930s. Initially, wastes (contaminated with radium, uranium, and arsenic) from radium processing were deposited in a relatively uncontrolled manner at various locations within the town. By the 1940s, uranium processing wastes were deposited at nearby purpose-built radioactive waste management facilities. The problem of contamination was first recognized in 1974 and the worst cases quickly cleaned up. However, large volumes of contamination remained in the community. There were three successive efforts to develop an approach to deal with the area’s contamination. In the early to mid 1980s, a standard approach was employed; i.e. indentifying the most technically appropriate local site for a disposal facility, proceeding to evaluate that site, and communicating the benefits of the chosen approach to the local community. That approach was resoundingly rejected by local citizens and government representatives. The second effort, an innovative and consultative voluntary siting effort carried out during the late-1980s and early to mid-1990s involved the solicitation of other municipalities to volunteer to host a facility for the disposal of the Port Hope areas wastes. That effort resulted in the identification of a single volunteer community. However, negotiations between the federal government and the municipality were unable to reach an acceptable agreement establishing the conditions for the community to host the waste management facility. The third effort, a community-driven approach, was undertaken in the late-1990s and resulted in an agreement in 2001 between the Government of Canada and the local communities that sets in motion a process for the cleanup of the local wastes and long-term management in new local waste management facilities. This paper provides insights into the history of the problem, the efforts of the federal government over the last two decades to deal with the issue, how local participation and decision-making processes affected the successes of the various siting approaches, and lessons learned that might be of interest to others who must deal with environmental remediation situations that involve siting long-term management facilities.
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Blight, Geoffrey E. "Geo-Environmental and Management Aspects of the Behaviour of Mining and Municipal Solid Wastes in Water-Deficient Climates." In Fourth International Conference on Unsaturated Soils. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40802(189)2.

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7

Kugel, Karin, Peter Brennecke, Stefan Steyer, Detlef Gruendler, Wilma Boetsch, and Claudia Haider. "Characterization of Radioactive Wastes With Respect to Harmful Materials." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96134.

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In addendum 4 to the license of the German KONRAD repository, which considers mainly radiological aspects, a water law permit was issued in order to prevent the pollution of the near-surface groundwater. The water law permit stipulates limitations for 10 radionuclides and 2 groups of radionuclides as well as mass limitations for 94 substances and materials relevant for water protection issues. Two collateral clauses, i.e. additional requirements imposed by the licensing authority, include demands on the monitoring, registering and balancing of non-radioactive harmful substances and materials /1/. In order to fulfill the requirements of the water law permit the German Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) being the operator of the KONRAD repository has developed a concept, which ensures the compliance with all requirements of the water law permit and which provides standardized easy manageable guidance for the waste producers to describe their wastes. On 15 March 2011 the competent water authority, the “Niedersaechsischer Landesbetrieb fuer Wasserwirtschaft, Kuesten- und Naturschutz” (NLWKN) issued the approval for this concept. Being the most essential part of this concept the procedural method and the developed description of non-radioactive waste package constituents by use of standardized lists of materials and containers is addressed and presented in this paper. The waste producer has to describe his waste package in a standardized way on the base of the lists of materials and containers. For each material in the list a comprehensive description is given comprising the composition, scope of application, quality control measures, thresholds and other data. Each entry in the list has to be approved by NLWKN. The scope of the lists is defined by the waste producers’ needs. Using some particular materials as examples, the approval procedure for including materials in the list is described. The procedure of describing the material composition has to be considered in the KONRAD waste acceptance requirements. The respective part of these requirements will be introduced. In order to clarify the procedure of describing waste packages by use of the standardized lists of materials and containers some examples of typical waste package descriptions will be presented.
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8

Timmons, Dale M., and James H. Cahill. "Thermochemical Conversion of Asbestos Contaminated With Radionuclides and/or Other Hazardous Materials." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4705.

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Waste asbestos from abatement activities at Department of Energy (DOE) facilities is typically (as is most asbestos waste in the United States) disposed of in landfills. However, some of the asbestos from DOE facilities is contaminated with radionuclides, PCBs, metals regulated under the Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) and perhaps other regulated components that may require treatment instead of landfill disposal. Land disposal of waste is becoming less desirable to the public and does nothing to reduce the toxicity or the continued liability associated with these wastes. Methods for permanent destruction of these wastes are becoming more attractive as a final solution. One of the methods available for the destruction of asbestos-containing wastes is thermochemical conversion technology. ARI Technologies, Inc. was contracted by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) to conduct a technology deployment of its thermochemical conversion process. The purpose of the project was to: 1. “Destroy 10,000 lb. of asbestos-containing material (ACM), defined as asbestos fibers and binder by feeding it through an EPA-permitted asbestos destruction technology, such that the resultant materials are no longer considered to be asbestos in accordance with 40 CFR 61.155, Standard for Operation that Convert Asbestos-Containing Waste Materials Into Non-asbestos, and 2. Collect and analyse performance data for the deployed asbestos destruction technology.” In addition to the mandatory objectives, ARI conducted tests on the asbestos that were designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the technology for immobilization of toxic metals and surrogate radionuclides that are known to be present in DOE asbestos waste. This full-scale technology deployment demonstrated economical asbestos destruction and effective immobilization of lead, cadmium, barium and arsenic. Cerium oxide and non-radioactive cesium were also immobilized. Leach testing using EPA and DOE methods showed that leach performance surpassed regulatory criteria by at least one order of magnitude.
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Askarieh, M. M., A. W. Harris, and S. J. Wisbey. "The Potential Impact of Oil and Other Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (NAPLs) on the Long-Term Management of Radioactive Wastes." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4887.

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The presence of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in radioactive wastes has the potential to adversely affect their long-term management. The buoyancy of light NAPLs can represent a separate pathway for their migration from a waste management facility, such as a deep repository, to the accessible environment. Their inherent toxicity and potential burden of radionuclides need to be addressed. Nirex is currently developing an understanding of the behaviour of NAPLs and exploring the means of mitigating any adverse impact. NAPLs such as oils and solvents are present in existing wastes, but NAPLs can also be generated by degradation of some solid organic materials, such as plastics. Wastes arising in the United Kingdom that may contain NAPLs include liquids and sludges contaminated with oils, and waste items containing trapped oil, for example gearboxes and pumps. The reference inventory being assessed by Nirex also contains significant quantities of organic materials which can be considered to be potential precursors to the generation of NAPLs. A programme of work has been instigated by Nirex to develop a better understanding of the behaviour of NAPLs. The programme includes the following aspects: understanding the mechanisms by which NAPLs might be produced and existing NAPLs degraded and destroyed: • consideration of the containment that could be offered by packaging of wastes containing NAPLs; • investigating the extent to which radionuclides may be entrained in NAPLs; • understanding the migration of NAPLs in the near-field and in geological systems; • the impact of NAPLs on the surface properties of repository backfill and the geosphere; • development of assessment tools to quantify the potential risk due to NAPLs. This paper will describe the scope of this programme of work, and will provide examples from the ongoing programme to demonstrate that suitable long-term waste management solutions can be developed for NAPL containing wastes.
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Pal, Arun C. "Fleetwide Low Level Radwaste Strategy." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4782.

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This project was aimed at mapping a path forward for improved fleet-wide Low Level Radwaste (LLRW) handling. Thus it entailed both solid and liquid wastes and all aspects, i.e., generation, processing and storage or disposal of LLRW. The conclusions are fairly straight forward: minimization of volume generated, maximization of volume reduction of the already generated waste, disposal as soon as possible, fleet-wide standardization of processes and procedures and consolidation of contracts for the economies of scale.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Arsenic wastes Environmental aspects"

1

Avis, William. Technical Aspects of e-Waste Management. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.051.

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Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices, increased affordability and consumer appetite for new products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on the technical aspects e-waste value chains. The report should be read in conjunction with two earlier reports on e-waste management1. E-waste is any electrical or electronic equipment, including all components, subassemblies and consumables, which are part of the equipment at the time the equipment becomes waste. The exact treatment of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) can vary enormously according to the category of WEEE and technology that is used. Electrical and electronic items contain a wide variety of materials. As a result of this complex mix of product types and materials, some of which are hazardous (including arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury and certain flame retardants) multiple approaches to WEEE are required, each with specific technical guidelines. This report is structured as follows: Section two provides an introduction to the technical aspects of e-waste management, including a reflection on the challenges and complexities of managing a range of product types involving a range of components and pollutants. Section three provides an annotated bibliography of key readings that discuss elements of the technical aspects of managing e-waste. This bibliography includes readings on national guidelines, training manuals and technical notes produced by the Basel convention and courses. WEEE recycling can be a complex and multifaced process. In order to manage e-waste effectively, the following must be in place Legislative and regulatory frameworks Waste Prevention and minimisation guidelines Identification of waste mechanisms Sampling, analysis and monitoring expertise Handling, collection, packaging, labelling, transportation and storage guidelines Environmentally sound disposal guidelines Management is further complicated by the speed of technological advance with technologies becoming redundant much sooner than initially planned. Case studies show that the average actual lifetimes of certain electronic products are at least 2.3 years shorter than either their designed or desired lifetimes.
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