Готові списки джерел за темами / Arid and Semi-Arid Climate

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Arid and Semi-Arid Climate"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Arid and Semi-Arid Climate"

1

Zareiee, A. R. "Evaluation of changes in different climates of Iran, using De Martonne index and Mann–Kendall trend test." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 3 (March 31, 2014): 2245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-2245-2014.

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Abstract. In this paper, according to the data of 40 stations in Iran during 1967–2005, changes in different climates of Iran evaluated. The De Martonne index and Mann–Kendall trend test are indexes that by uses the precipitation and temperature provide the evaluate possibility of the climate condition and pattern of climate changes. The objective of this study is to evaluation of changes in different climates in Iran. The results of this research showed that, The surface percent of Iran in the hyper arid, semi arid, humid and hyper humid type 1 climate categories have had a ascending trend, but only the ascending trend of the hyper arid category has been significant and the surface percent of the humid, hyper humid type 1 and semi arid categories have had a insignificant trend. The surface percent of Iran in the arid, Mediterranean, semi humid and hyper humid type 2 climate categories have had a descending trend, but the descending trend of the hyper humid type 2, Mediterranean and semi humid categories have been significant and the surface percent of the arid categories have had an insignificant trend. So the total results showed that, Iran is going to be more arid.
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2

Scholes, Robert J. "The Future of Semi-Arid Regions: A Weak Fabric Unravels." Climate 8, no. 3 (March 13, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli8030043.

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The regions of the world where average precipitation is between one fifth and half of the potential plant water demand are termed ‘semi-arid’. They make up 15.2% of the global land surface, and the approximately 1.1 billion people who live there are among the world’s poorest. The inter-annual variability of rainfall in semi-arid regions is exceptionally high, due to intrinsic features of the global atmospheric circulation. The observed and projected climate trends for most semi-arid regions indicate warming at rates above the global mean rate over land, increasing evaporative demand, and reduced and more variable rainfall. Historically, the ecosystems and people coped with the challenges of semi-arid climates using a range of strategies that are now less viable. Semi-arid ecosystems are by definition water limited, generally only suitable for extensive pastoralism and opportunistic cropping, unless irrigation supplementation is available. The characteristics of dryland plant production in semi-arid ecosystems, as they interact with climate change and human systems, provide a conceptual framework for why land degradation is so conspicuous in semi-arid regions. The coupled social-ecological failures are contagious, both within the landscape and at regional and global scales. Thus, semi-arid lands are a likely flashpoint for Earth system changes in the 21st century.
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A.V.R. KESAVA RAO, SUHAS P. WANI, K.K. SINGH, M. IRSHAD AHMED, K. SRINIVAS, SNEHAL D. BAIRAGI `, and O. RAMADEVI. "Increased arid and semi-arid areas in India with associated shifts during 1971-2004." Journal of Agrometeorology 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v15i1.1431.

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Climate change is one of the major challenges in 21st century faced by Agriculture in India, more so in the Semi-Arid Tropics (SAT) of the country. In recent years, natural and anthropogenic factors have impacted climate variability and contributed to a large extent to climate change. Based on one degree gridded data of India Meteorological Department (IMD) for 34 years (1971-2004), climatic water balances are computed for 351 pixels in India and used for classifying in to six climate types following Thornthwaite’s moisture regime classification and areas falling under different climatic zones in India are delineated. Considerable changes in the country’s climate area observed between the two periods; 1971-90 and 1991-2004. Increased semi-arid area by 8.45 M ha in five states viz., Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka and Punjab, and decreased semi-arid area by 5 M ha in eleven states, contributed to overall increase in SAT area of 3.45 M ha in the country.Overall, there has been a net reduction of 10.71 M ha in the dry sub-humid area in the country. Results indicated that dryness and wetness are increasing in different parts of the country in the place of moderate climates existing earlier in these regions. ICRISAT’s Hypothesis of Hope through Integrated Genetic and Natural Resources Management(IGNRM) using climate ready crops and Integrated Watershed Management could be a potential adaptation strategy by bridging the yield gaps for developing climate resilient agriculture in the country.
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4

Singh, Pramod K., and Harpalsinh Chudasama. "Pathways for climate change adaptations in arid and semi-arid regions." Journal of Cleaner Production 284 (February 2021): 124744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124744.

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Kariuki, Robert Kariuki. "Counter Measures Used by Pastoralist in Arid Areas on Environmental Hazards. A Critical Literature Review." International Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development 2, no. 2 (November 23, 2022): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijpid.1138.

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Purpose: Climate variability, population explosion, and poverty have lowered the adaptive capacity to climate variability of pastoralists in arid and semi-arid areas. The overall objective of this study was to examine counter measures used by pastoralist in arid areas on environmental hazards. A critical literature review Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study concluded that about 14.8% of the residents in arid and semi-arid areas depend on relatives for economic support, while 3.3% depend on friends, 0.7% on loans for women groups, and 1.3% on government projects for support. About 73.0% do not have other sources of livelihood. Dependence on relatives and friends for economic support increases vulnerability to climate variability because it does not provide a consistent income source. Moreover, a lack of livelihood diversification increases vulnerability to climate variability. About 94.70% of the residents do not benefit from cash transfer programs. The 5.30% who receive cash transfers receive it from the government and NGOs. However, most residents do not benefit from cash transfers, which is a sign of poor coordination between the government and NGOs. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study recommended that the relevant governments in arid and semi-arid areas should formulate and implement appropriate policies and strategies to improve adaptive capacity of women to climate variability in arid and semi-arid areas because most of the taboos in arid and semi-arid target women and reduce their ability to cope with climate variability. Programs to strengthen their adaptation strategies should also be introduced because most of their livelihood diversification methods such as charcoal burning contribute to environmental degradation and consequently to global warming.
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Zhou, Yanqing, Yaoming Li, Wei Li, Feng Li, and Qinchuan Xin. "Ecological Responses to Climate Change and Human Activities in the Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of Xinjiang in China." Remote Sensing 14, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 3911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14163911.

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Understanding the impacts and extent of both climate change and human activities on ecosystems is crucial to sustainable development. With low anti-interference ability, arid and semi-arid ecosystems are particularly sensitive to disturbances from both climate change and human activities. We investigated how and to what extent climate variation and human activities influenced major indicators that are related to ecosystem functions and conditions in the past decades in Xinjiang, a typical arid and semi-arid region in China. We analyzed the changing trends of evapotranspiration (ET), gross primary productivity (GPP) and leaf area index (LAI) derived from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite product and the Breathing Earth System Simulator (BESS) model in Xinjiang for different climate zones. We separated and quantified the contributions of climate forcing and human activities on the trends of the studied ecosystem indicators using the residual analysis method for different climate zones in Xinjiang. The results show that GPP and LAI increased and ET decreased from 2001 to 2015 in Xinjiang. Factors that dominate the changes in ecosystem indicators vary considerably across different climate zones. Precipitation plays a positive role in impacting vegetation indicators in arid and hyper-arid zones and temperature has a negative correlation with both GPP and LAI in hyper-arid zones in Xinjiang. Results based on residual analysis indicate that human activities could account for over 72% of variation in the changes in each ecosystem indicator. Human activities have large impacts on each vegetation indicator change in hyper-arid and arid zones and their relative contribution has a mean value of 79%. This study quantifies the roles of climate forcing and human activities in the changes in ecosystem indicators across different climate zones, suggesting that human activities largely influence ecosystem processes in the arid and semi-arid regions of Xinjiang in China.
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Le Roux, J. S., and Z. N. Roos. "Wash erosion on a debris covered slope in a semi-arid climate." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 30, no. 4 (February 11, 1987): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/30/1987/477.

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Na, Risu, Li Na, Haibo Du, Hong S. He, Yin Shan, Shengwei Zong, Lirong Huang, Yue Yang, and Zhengfang Wu. "Vegetation Greenness Variations and Response to Climate Change in the Arid and Semi-Arid Transition Zone of the Mongo-Lian Plateau during 1982–2015." Remote Sensing 13, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 4066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13204066.

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Vegetation greenness dynamics in arid and semi-arid regions are sensitive to climate change, which is an important phenomenon in global climate change research. However, the driving mechanism, particularly for the longitudinal and latitudinal changes in vegetation greenness related to climate change, has been less studied and remains poorly understood in arid and semi-arid areas. In this study, we investigated changes in vegetation greenness and the vegetation greenness line (the mean growing season normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) = 0.1 contour line) and its response to climate change based on AVHRR-GIMMS NDVI3g and the fifth and latest global climate reanalysis dataset from 1982 to 2015 in the arid and semi-arid transition zone of the Mongolian Plateau (ASTZMP). The results showed that the mean growing season NDVI increased from the central west to east, northeast, and southeast in ASTZMP. The vegetation greenness line migrated to the desert during 1982–1994, to the grassland during 1994–2005, and then to the desert during 2005–2015. Vegetation greenness was positively correlated with precipitation and negatively correlated with temperature. The latitudinal variation of the vegetation greenness line was mainly affected by the combination of precipitation and temperature, while the longitudinal variation was mainly affected by precipitation. In summary, precipitation was a key climatic factor driving rapid changes in vegetation greenness during the growing season of the transition zone. These results can provide meaningful information for research on vegetation coverage changes in arid and semi-arid regions.
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Khalili, Ali, and Jaber Rahimi. "Potential impacts of climate change on precipitation patterns over Iran (an arid/semi-arid climate)." International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology 9, no. 5 (2019): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhst.2019.10024453.

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Rahimi, Jaber, and Ali Khalili. "Potential impacts of climate change on precipitation patterns over Iran (an arid/semi-arid climate)." International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology 9, no. 5 (2019): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhst.2019.102908.

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Дисертації з теми "Arid and Semi-Arid Climate"

1

Popp, Alexander. "An integrated modelling approach for sustainable management of semi-arid and arid rangelands." Phd thesis, kostenfrei, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1510/.

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2

Pizarro, Roberto, Carolina Morales, Pablo Garcia-Chevesich, Peter F. Ffolliott, Oscar Vallejosa, Leonardo Vega, Rodrigo Valdes, Claudio Olivares, and Francisco Balocchi. "Soil Erosion in Arid and Semi-Arid Climates of Northern Chile." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296986.

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3

Giacomelli, Gene, and Kathryn Hahne. "Evaporative Cooling in Semi-Arid Climates." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146294.

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2 pp.
In the semi-arid climate of southern AZ, evaporative cooling systems are commonly used and very effective for cooling homes (swamp coolers), outdoor areas (misters), and for greenhouses used for commercial and horticultural plant production (pad-and-fan, high-pressure-fog). The purpose of this brochure is to educate users about strategies they can employ to save water and improve the performance of evaporative cooling systems. Principles of operation, a list of advantages and disadvantages, and a comparison of common systems is also included, to help users decide the best system for them.
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Crego, Ramiro Daniel. "Modeling the distribution of meadows in arid and semi-arid Patagonia, Argentina: assessing current distribution and predicting response to climate change." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1001.

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Meadows are critical in arid and semi-arid Argentinean Patagonia because of their importance for regional biodiversity. Despite this, little information on the spatial distribution of meadows is available and no analysis of the potential effect of climate change on meadows has been performed, which hampers conservation planning. In this study, I modeled the spatial distribution of meadows and investigated how climate change may affect the current distribution of meadows in arid and semiarid Patagonia by 2050. In addition, I investigated conservation status and areas of desertification vulnerability of those areas predicted to contain meadows. I used high-resolution imagery available in Google Earth software to visually estimate presence and absence of meadows. To model current and future distribution of meadows I used these observations and different socio-environmental predictor variables. I implemented generalized linear, additive, boosting, and random forest models, as the basis for a mean ensemble technique. I predicted future distribution of meadows using four different general circulation models and the A2 SERES scenario. The final ensemble model was an accurate representation of the current distribution of meadows in Patagonia and indicates they are severely under-represented within protected areas. I determined that overall meadow abundance is going to decrease by 2050 given the changes in climate. However, there were two contrasting trends: severe reduction of meadows in northwest Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego Island, and an expansion of suitable areas for meadows in the south and a small section in the northwest. This first regional map of meadow distribution across Argentinean Patagonia and information on meadows vulnerability to climate change represent key information for planning actions to conserve this critical habitat.
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Dabbaghian, Mohammadreza. "Water quality and lifecycle assessment of green roof systems in semi-arid climate." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46609.

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Non-point source pollution contributes significantly to stormwater contamination in urban areas. Low impact development (LID) techniques and technologies are developed as a response to these challenges. Green buildings incorporate environmentally responsible and resource-efficient technologies to reduce environmental impacts over their life cycle. Green roof systems are broadly recognized as LID practices that may improve urban environmental quality by reducing stormwater runoffs. Potential impact of green roofs on the quality of runoff may be a deterrent to wider application of green roof systems. Organic and inorganic fertilizers in growing media, for example, may contaminate runoff and generate non-point source pollution. Recently, various environmental assessment methods have been developed to assess the environmental performance of green building technologies. Methods developed to date, however, are insufficient for accurate quantitative estimation and evaluation of triple-bottom-line (TBL) sustainability performance objectives (i.e. economic, environmental, and social) in the context of green building technologies. This study has two main objectives. First, it aims to investigate the performance of green roofs in the context of runoff water quality in the semi-arid environment of Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. An experimental investigation has been conducted to enhance green roof performance by addition of a supplemental filtration layer. Runoff and precipitation samples were analyzed for water quality parameters including pH, nitrate and ammonia. In the next step, a quantitative sustainability evaluation framework for green building technologies was developed. The proposed framework integrates fuzzy-analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) integrated with a ‘cradle-to-grave’ life cycle assessment to address interactions and influence of various TBL criteria. The experiment results showed that the generic green roofs runoff is acceptable for domestic reclaimed water used under Cnadaian guidelines for domestic reclaimed water. The analysis shows that green roofs are able to reduce non-point source nitrate and ammonia concentrations. The installation of extensive green roofs could decrease a large amount of non-point source nitrate and ammonia emissions in an urban area during their lifespan. The utility of the FAHP approach is demonstrated by comparing sustainability performance of two generic green roof systems with a conventional roof. The results show that an ‘extensive’ green roof system is a more desirable option in terms of long-term sustainability performance criteria.
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6

Ramadan, Mohamad Fahmy A. "Interactive urban form design of local climate scale in hot semi-arid zone." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15120/.

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Skirvin, Susan. "Vegetation distributions in semi-arid environments: Spatial analysis for climate and landscape characterization." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280033.

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Spatially explicit knowledge of land cover is increasingly important for environmental modeling and decision support for land managers. Such knowledge is often provided over large regions by thematic maps produced from remotely sensed satellite data. Remote sensing of vegetation in semi-arid areas is complicated, however, by high levels of landscape spatial heterogeneity, resulting in large part from spatially varying soils, topography, and microclimates. Increased understanding of spatial distributions of vegetation and the factors affecting them will enhance our ability to inventory and monitor natural resources, and to model potential consequences of land management alternatives and larger issues such as global climate change. In addition, the uncertainty in spatial knowledge must be made spatially explicit in order to determine where more information is needed and where predictions maybe less reliable. Geostatistical kriging and multiple linear regression interpolation were used to map climate spatial distributions over the San Pedro River watershed, southeastern Arizona. Both methods used climate station location and elevation and climate data. Although mean interpolation errors were similar, kriging climate with elevation as external drift was preferred due to the patterns of spatial bias in regression errors. Interpolation results provided a step toward understanding climate influence on vegetation in this area. Accuracies of four land cover maps covering the upper San Pedro watershed, mapped from remotely sensed data, were determined using aerial photography, digital orthophoto quadrangles, and airborne video data reference data sets as alternatives to contemporaneous ground-collected data. Overall map accuracies were 67--75%; class accuracies varied more for smaller classes than for larger ones. Finally, the uncertainty of occurrence of the low-accuracy Mesquite Woodland class was mapped using simple indicator kriging with locally varying means and data derived from accuracy assessment information. Enhanced class discrimination in an independent validation data set confirmed the utility of this procedure. The results of these analyses can provide direct input for use in environmental modeling and can inform land management decision making, and the methods can be employed in other settings where spatial variability and uncertainty play large roles in the landscape.
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Braun, Jeffery Kenneth. "Cold Arid Climate, Efficient Building Design." The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/552683.

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Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone
This paper will look at the current information concerning sustainable strategies. It will look at the ones that have been used in the past as well as the strategies that are currently being used. After studying the existing material on sustainable practices and strategies the next step will be looking at three primary sources and determining strategies that will be most useful. The first source that will be used is a professional working in the field. Secondly buildings that are located in a cold arid climate will be studied and finally a program called climate consultant. The recommendations from all three sources will be compiled in a list, organized by how many sources recommended each strategy. The strategies that have the most recommendations will be implemented into a residential single family building design for cold arid climates.
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Cermak, Otto Wayne 1935. "Aesthetic design using arid climate plants." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191984.

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A series of 35mm color slides depicting landscape compositions incorporating arid climate plants was evaluated by a panel of experts to determine a correlation between the strength of four design principles (line, form, texture, and color) and the visual preference of the general public for these compositions. The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between preference and the strength of the design principles. It is felt that the results of this study support the idea that the four design principles do in fact influence preference in plantings that do well in arid climate environment.
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Tuncer, Aylin. "Deposition And Dislocation Of Pottery As Surface Assemblages In Semi-arid Regions." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605927/index.pdf.

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This thesis aims to discuss the archaeological concerns about how surveys can provide data tht is meaningful to construct spatial patterning and its intricacies for inferences through altering processes diversified as cultural and natural processes. Along with that there is also a second concern dealing with the application of these theoretical issues to practical basis. It consists both methodological limits and also limits governed by the legislation of the particular area according to the aim of the study. A particular space, semi-arid climate is selected for comparing the amount of attrition and accretion caused by natural factors, to be able to apply the studies to Anatolian geography. However applications from around the world are frequently discussed here, these are mainly the case studies bringing methodological scheme for the appropriate data collection.
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Книги з теми "Arid and Semi-Arid Climate"

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Project, Dryland Adaptive Research, ed. Crop production workbook for arid and semi-arid lands. Chatham: Natural Resources Institute, 1995.

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2

Harada, Chikako. A study of climate change in arid and semi-arid region. [Tokyo]: Center for Climate System Research, University of Tokyo, 2006.

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3

Henderson-Sellers, A., and A. J. Pitman, eds. Vegetation and climate interactions in semi-arid regions. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3264-0.

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A, Henderson-Sellers, and Pitman A. J, eds. Vegetation and climate interactions in semi-arid regions. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.

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5

Craig, Ribot Jesse, Magalhães Antonio Rocha, and Panagides Stahis Solomon 1937-, eds. Climate variability, climate change, and social vulnerability in the semi-arid tropics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

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6

Pandey, Rajendra Prasad. Drought characterization in arid and semi arid climatic regions of India. Roorkee: National Institute of Hydrology, 2000.

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7

Wani, S. P., and K. V. Raju, eds. Community and Climate Resilience in the Semi-Arid Tropics. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29918-7.

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1959-, Ribot Jesse C., Magalhães Antonio Rocha, and Panagides Stahis S. 1937-, eds. Climate variability, climate change, and social vulnerability in the semi-arid tropics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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9

International Workshop on Climate Change in Arid and Semi-Arid Region of Asia (6th 2004 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia). The sixth international workshop proceeding on climate change in arid and semi-arid regions of Asia: August 25-26, 2004, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia: Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, 2004.

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10

Poshiwa, Xavier, and G. Ravindra Chary, eds. Climate Change Adaptations in Dryland Agriculture in Semi-Arid Areas. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7861-5.

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Частини книг з теми "Arid and Semi-Arid Climate"

1

Mirchi, Ali, Kaveh Madani, Maurice Roos, and David W. Watkins. "Climate Change Impacts on California’s Water Resources." In Drought in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions, 301–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6636-5_17.

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Overton, Ian C., and Tanya M. Doody. "The River Murray-Darling Basin: Ecosystem Response to Drought and Climate Change." In Drought in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions, 217–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6636-5_12.

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Kirby, Mac, Francis Chiew, Mohammed Mainuddin, Bill Young, Geoff Podger, and Andy Close. "Drought and Climate Change in the Murray-Darling Basin: A Hydrological Perspective." In Drought in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions, 281–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6636-5_16.

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Hayman, Peter, and Michael McCarthy. "Irrigation and Drought in a Southern Australian Climate that is Arid, Variable, and Changing." In Drought in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions, 81–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6636-5_5.

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van Steenbergen, Frank, Kifle Woldearegay, Marta Agujetas Perez, Kebede Manjur, and Mohammed Abdullah Al-Abyadh. "Roads: Instruments for Rainwater Harvesting, Food Security and Climate Resilience in Arid and Semi-arid Areas." In Rainwater-Smart Agriculture in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas, 121–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66239-8_7.

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Sánchez-Carrillo, S., and M. Álvarez-Cobelas. "Climate and Hydrologic Trends: Climate Change Versus Hydrologic Overexploitation as Determinants of the Fluctuating Wetland Hydrology." In Ecology of Threatened Semi-Arid Wetlands, 45–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9181-9_3.

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Magalhães, Antonio Rocha. "Drought proofing rural economies in semi-arid regions." In Climate Adaptation Futures, 294–300. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118529577.ch28.

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Woldearegay, Kifle, Lulseged Tamene, Kindu Mekonnen, Fred Kizito, and Deborah Bossio. "Fostering Food Security and Climate Resilience Through Integrated Landscape Restoration Practices and Rainwater Harvesting/Management in Arid and Semi-arid Areas of Ethiopia." In Rainwater-Smart Agriculture in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas, 37–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66239-8_3.

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Reddy, V. Ratna, Y. V. Malla Reddy, and M. Srinivasa Reddy. "Mitigating Climate/Drought Risks: Role of Groundwater Collectivization in Arid/Semi-Arid Conditions." In Climate-Drought Resilience in Extreme Environments, 127–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45889-8_5.

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Mutwali, N. A., M. E. Ballal, and A. M. Farah. "Community Participation in Climate Change Mitigation Research in the Arid and Semi-Arid Areas of Sudan." In Climate Change Management, 299–316. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75004-0_17.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Arid and Semi-Arid Climate"

1

Barahimi, Mohsen. "IMPACT�OF�CLIMATE�CHANGE�ON�AGRICULTURAL�WATER�USE�IN�ARID�AND�SEMI-ARID�REGIONS." In SGEM2012 12th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO. Stef92 Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2012/s13.v3029.

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Sánchez-Rubio, C. J. "Sustainable irrigation in areas with an arid and semi-arid climate in the province of Alicante." In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si080221.

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Shama, Charles P., and Glenn D. Shaw. "MOUNTAIN FRONT RECHARGE IN A SEMI-ARID CLIMATE; SOUTHWEST MONTANA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-303472.

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J. Chris Hoag and Jon Fripp. "Streambank Soil Bioengineering for Semi-Arid Climates." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.13755.

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Wanwiwat Lovichit, Chieri Kubota, Christopher Y Choi, and Jelle Schoonderbeek. "Greenhouse Water Recovery System for Crop Production in Semi-Arid Climate." In 2007 Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23053.

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Sghiouri, Haitham, Ahmed Mezrhab, and Hassane Naji. "Overhangs' Optimization of a South-facing Residential Building in Semi-arid Climate." In 2017 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irsec.2017.8477289.

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Nadia C Sabeh, Gene A Giacomelli, and Chieri Kubota. "Water Use by Greenhouse Evaporative Cooling Systems in a Semi-Arid Climate." In 2007 Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23054.

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AL-Hasani, Ban, Mawada Abdellatif, Iacopo Carnacina, Clare Harris, and Salah Zubaidi. "CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF SUITABLE SITES FOR RAINWATER HARVESTING IN THE MIDDLE EAST FOR AGRICULTURE USE: A REVIEW STUDY." In The SLIIT International Conference on Engineering and Technology 2022. Faculty of Engineering, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/yayu2142.

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In arid and semi-arid regions, rainwater harvesting represents an important alternate source of water supply around the globe. The middle east is an integrally dry zone and due to climate change, it has experienced a severe drought for the last decade that made the situation worse. Many countries are suffering from awful water crises due to increasing water demand for agriculture and rapid urbanization. Therefore, unconventional water supply resources practices such as using rainwater harvesting for agricultural purposes can be possibly used to tackle water scarcity. Numerous researchers have established different criteria and methods to identify suitable sites selection techniques for rainwater harvesting (RWH). The main objective of this study was to determine the most commonly effective methods and techniques that have been practiced in the middle-east region to summarize the best methods for rainwater harvesting site selection. These effective common methods of multi-criteria analysis (MCA) were discussed accordingly in this review paper and based on the previous studies the best applicable method was the integration between (MCA) method and the GIS technique. The study employed a method of gathering and recording the main criteria and techniques which were established in the last thirty years. It compared and categorized the main methodologies from previous studies and practices from international organizations and scientific research and identified the most common characteristics and sets of criteria suitable for use in arid and semi-arid regions. The techniques were diverse based on biophysical criteria to methods including socio-economic criteria, precisely in the last two decades. The most effective and significant criteria for suitable site selection of RWH in the arid and semi-arid regions found are: land use/land cover, slope, type of soil, rainfall intensity, streams distant and the cost. The success of RWH selection sites tended to increase when these criteria are measured and based on these criteria. KEYWORDS: RWH Selection Suitability, Arid and semi-arid zones, Middle East, Agriculture, GIS, Multi-criteria analysis.
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Et-Tayeb, Hiba, Khalid Ibno Namr, El Houssine El Mzouri, and Bouchra El Bourhrami. "Soil quality index to assess soil management practices in the semi-arid of Morocco." In 2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf53624.2021.9668092.

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Sánchez López, Ruiz-Sánchez, Escribano Ivars, Esteve Romà, and Fagoaga. "The subfamily Gerbillinae as arid climate indicator." In XVIII Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores en Paleontologia. Nova.id.fct, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21695/cterraproc.v1i0.421.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Arid and Semi-Arid Climate"

1

Linker, Raphael, Murat Kacira, Avraham Arbel, Gene Giacomelli, and Chieri Kubota. Enhanced Climate Control of Semi-arid and Arid Greenhouses Equipped with Fogging Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593383.bard.

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The main objectives were (1) to develop, implement and validate control procedures that would make it possible to maintain year-round air temperature and humidity at levels suitable for crop cultivation in greenhouses operating in arid and semi-arid regions and (2) to investigate the influence of the operational flexibility of the fogging system on the performance of the system. With respect to the development of climate controllers, we developed a new control approach according to which ventilation is used to maintain the enthalpy of the greenhouse air and fogging is used to adjust the humidity ratio inside the greenhouse. This approach is suitable mostly for greenhouses equipped with mechanized ventilation, and in which the air exchange rate can be controlled with enough confidence. The development and initial validation of the controllers were performed in a small experimental greenhouses located at the Agricultural Research Organization and very good tracking were obtained for both air temperature and relative humidity (maximum mean deviations over a 10-min period with constant setpoints lower than 2.5oC and 5% relative humidity). The robust design approach used to develop the controllers made it possible to transfer successfully these controllers to a much larger semi-commercial greenhouse located in the much drier Arava region. After only minimal adjustments, which did not require lengthy dedicated experiments, satisfactory tracking of the temperature and humidity was achieved, with standard deviation of the tracking error lower than 1oC and 5% for temperature and relative humidity, respectively. These results should help promote the acceptance of modern techniques for designing greenhouse climate controllers, especially since given the large variety of greenhouse structures (shape, size, crop system), developing high performance site-specific controllers for each greenhouse is not feasible. In parallel to this work, a new cooling control strategy, which considers the contribution of humidification and cooling from the crop, was developed for greenhouses equipped with natural ventilation. Prior to the development of the cooling strategy itself, three evapotranspiration models were compared in terms of accuracy and reliability. The cooling strategy that has been developed controls the amount of fog introduced into the greenhouse as well as the percentage of vent openings based on the desired vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and enthalpy, respectively. Numerical simulations were used to compare the performance of the new strategy with a constant fogging rate strategy based on VPD, and on average, the new strategy saved 36% water and consumed 30% less electric energy. In addition, smaller air temperature and relative humidity fluctuations were achieved when using the new strategy. Finally, it was demonstrated that dynamically varying the fog rate and properly selecting the number of nozzles, yields additional water and electricity savings.
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Mutabazi, Khamaldin, and Gideon Boniface. Commercialisation Pathways and Climate Change: The Case of Smallholder Farmers in Semi-Arid Tanzania. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.046.

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The semi-arid drylands of central Tanzania have been characterised by low and erratic rainfall coupled with high evapotranspiration. Up until now, farmers of these local dryland farming systems have been able to cope with these climate conditions. However, climate change has led to new weather patterns that overwhelm traditional dryland farming practices and re-shape farmers’ commercialisation pathways. This paper explored the pathways in which smallholder farmers in Singida region in Tanzania engage with markets and commercialise in the face of climate change. The paper also examined how farm-level decisions on commercial crops and the commercialisation pathways they are part of, affect current and future resilience to climate change. Climate resilient commercialisation of smallholder dryland agriculture remains the centrepiece of inclusive sustainable development.
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Dixon, Jason. An Evaluation of Unsaturated Flow Models in an Arid Climate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/759261.

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Deb Pal, Barun, Shalander Kumar, and Elias Khan Patan. Investment planning to minimize climate risk in agricultural production: An optimization model for a semi-arid region in India. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134192.

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Raymond, Kara, Laura Palacios, Cheryl McIntyre, and Evan Gwilliam. Status of climate and water resources at Saguaro National Park: Water year 2019. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2288717.

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Climate and hydrology are major drivers of ecosystems. They dramatically shape ecosystem structure and function, particularly in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Understanding changes in climate, groundwater, and water quality and quantity is central to assessing the condition of park biota and key cultural resources. The Sonoran Desert Network collects data on climate, groundwater, and surface water at 11 National Park Service units in south-ern Arizona and New Mexico. This report provides an integrated look at climate, groundwater, and springs conditions at Saguaro National Park (NP) during water year 2019 (October 2018–September 2019). Annual rainfall in the Rincon Mountain District was 27.36" (69.49 cm) at the Mica Mountain RAWS station and 12.89" (32.74 cm) at the Desert Research Learning Center Davis station. February was the wettest month, accounting for nearly one-quarter of the annual rainfall at both stations. Each station recorded extreme precipitation events (>1") on three days. Mean monthly maximum and minimum air temperatures were 25.6°F (-3.6°C) and 78.1°F (25.6°C), respectively, at the Mica Mountain station, and 37.7°F (3.2°C) and 102.3°F (39.1°C), respectively, at the Desert Research Learning Center station. Overall temperatures in WY2019 were cooler than the mean for the entire record. The reconnaissance drought index for the Mica Mountain station indicated wetter conditions than average in WY2019. Both of the park’s NOAA COOP stations (one in each district) had large data gaps, partially due to the 35-day federal government shutdown in December and January. For this reason, climate conditions for the Tucson Mountain District are not reported. The mean groundwater level at well WSW-1 in WY2019 was higher than the mean for WY2018. The water level has generally been increasing since 2005, reflecting the continued aquifer recovery since the Central Avra Valley Storage and Recovery Project came online, recharging Central Arizona Project water. Water levels at the Red Hills well generally de-clined starting in fall WY2019, continuing through spring. Monsoon storms led to rapid water level increases. Peak water level occurred on September 18. The Madrona Pack Base well water level in WY2019 remained above 10 feet (3.05 m) below measuring point (bmp) in the fall and winter, followed by a steep decline starting in May and continuing until the end of September, when the water level rebounded following a three-day rain event. The high-est water level was recorded on February 15. Median water levels in the wells in the middle reach of Rincon Creek in WY2019 were higher than the medians for WY2018 (+0.18–0.68 ft/0.05–0.21 m), but still generally lower than 6.6 feet (2 m) bgs, the mean depth-to-water required to sustain juvenile cottonwood and willow trees. RC-7 was dry in June–September, and RC-4 was dry in only September. RC-5, RC-6 and Well 633106 did not go dry, and varied approximately 3–4 feet (1 m). Eleven springs were monitored in the Rincon Mountain District in WY2019. Most springs had relatively few indications of anthropogenic or natural disturbance. Anthropogenic disturbance included spring boxes or other modifications to flow. Examples of natural disturbance included game trails and scat. In addition, several sites exhibited slight disturbance from fires (e.g., burned woody debris and adjacent fire-scarred trees) and evidence of high-flow events. Crews observed 1–7 taxa of facultative/obligate wetland plants and 0–3 invasive non-native species at each spring. Across the springs, crews observed four non-native plant species: rose natal grass (Melinis repens), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), crimson fountaingrass (Cenchrus setaceus), and red brome (Bromus rubens). Baseline data on water quality and chemistry were collected at all springs. It is likely that that all springs had surface water for at least some part of WY2019. However, temperature sensors to estimate surface water persistence failed...
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Raymond, Kara, Laura Palacios, and Evan Gwilliam. Status of climate and water resources at Big Bend National Park: Water year 2019. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294267.

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Climate and hydrology are major drivers of ecosystem structure and function, particularly in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Understanding changes in climate, groundwater, streamflow, and water quality is central to assessing the condition of park resources. This report combines data collected on climate, groundwater, and springs at Big Bend National Park (NP) to provide an integrated look at climate and water conditions during water year (WY) 2019 (October 2018–September 2019). However, this report does not address the Rio Grande or its tributaries. Annual precipitation was higher than normal (1981–2010) for Big Bend NP at four of the five National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Observer Program weather stations: 111% of normal for Chisos Basin, 122% of normal for Panther Junction, 155% of normal for Persimmon Gap, and 124% of normal for Rio Grande Village. Castolon had 88% of normal annual precipitation. All five stations had higher than normal rainfall in October and December, while rainfall totals were substantially below normal at all stations in November, February, and March. Monthly precipitation totals for April through September were more variable from station to station. Mean monthly maximum air temperatures were below normal in the fall months, with Panther Junction as much as 7.5°F below normal in October. Monthly temperatures from January through July were more variable. Temperatures in August and September were warmer than normal at every station, up to +9.4°F at Rio Grande Village and +8.7°F at Chisos Basin in July. The reconnaissance drought index values indicate generally wetter conditions (based on precipitation and evaporative demand) at Chisos Basin since WY2016 and at Panther Junction and Persimmon Gap since WY2015, except for WY2017. This report presents the manual and automatic groundwater monitoring results at nine wells. Five wells had their highest water level in or just before WY2019: Panther Junction #10 peaked at 99.94 ft below ground surface (bgs) in September 2018, Contractor’s Well peaked at 31.43 ft bgs in November 2018, T-3 peaked at 65.39 ft bgs in December 2018, K-Bar #6 Observation Well peaked at 77.78 ft bgs in February 2019, and K-Bar #7 Observation Well peaked at 43.18 ft bgs in February 2019. This was likely in response to above normal rainfall in the later summer and fall 2018. The other monitoring wells did not directly track within-season precipitation. The last measurement at Gallery Well in WY2019 was 18.60 ft bgs. Gallery Well is located 120 feet from the river and closely tracked the Rio Grande stage, generally increasing in late summer or early fall following higher flow events. Water levels in Gambusia Well were consistently very shallow, though the manual well measurement collected in April was 4.25 ft bgs—relatively high for the monitoring record—and occurred outside the normal peak period of later summer and early fall. The last manual measurement taken at TH-10 in WY2019 was 34.80 ft bgs, only 0.45 ft higher than the earliest measurement in 1967, consistent with the lack of directional change in groundwater at this location, and apparently decoupled from within-season precipitation patterns. The last water level reading in WY2019 at Oak Springs #1 was 59.91 ft bgs, indicating an overall decrease of 26.08 ft since the well was dug in 1989. The Southwest Network Collaboration (SWNC) collects data on sentinel springs annually in the late winter and early spring following the network springs monitoring protocol. In WY2019, 18 sentinel site springs were visited at Big Bend NP (February 21, 2019–March 09, 2019). Most springs had relatively few indications of natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Natural disturbances included recent flooding, drying, and wildlife use. Anthropogenic disturbances included flow modifications (e.g., springboxes), hiking trails, and contemporary human use. Crews observed one to seven facultative/obligate wetland plant...
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Doerr, T. B., and M. C. Landin. Recommended Species for Vegetative Stabilization of Training Lands in Arid and Semi-Arid Environments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada161551.

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Raymond, Kara, Laura Palacios, Cheryl McIntyre, and Evan Gwilliam. Status of climate and water resources at Chiricahua National Monument, Coronado National Memorial, and Fort Bowie National Historic Site: Water year 2019. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293370.

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Анотація:
Climate and hydrology are major drivers of ecosystems. They dramatically shape ecosystem structure and function, particularly in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Understanding changes in climate, groundwater, and water quality and quantity is central to assessing the condition of park biota and key cultural resources. The Sonoran Desert Network collects data on climate, groundwater, and surface water at 11 National Park Service units in southern Arizona and New Mexico. This report provides an integrated look at climate, groundwater, and springs conditions at Chiricahua National Monument (NM), Coronado National Memorial (NMem), and Fort Bowie National Historic Site (NHS) during water year (WY) 2019 (October 2018–September 2019). Overall annual precipitation at Chiricahua NM and Coronado NMem in WY2019 was approximately the same as the normals for 1981–2010. (The weather station at Fort Bowie NHS had missing values on 275 days, so data were not presented for that park.) Fall and winter rains were greater than normal. The monsoon season was generally weaker than normal, but storm events related to Hurricane Lorena led to increased late-season rain in September. Mean monthly maximum temperatures were generally cooler than normal at Chiricahua, whereas mean monthly minimum temperatures were warmer than normal. Temperatures at Coronado were more variable relative to normal. The reconnaissance drought index (RDI) indicated that Chiricahua NM was slightly wetter than normal. (The WY2019 RDI could not be calculated for Coronado NMem due to missing data.) The five-year moving mean of annual precipitation showed both park units were experiencing a minor multi-year precipitation deficit relative to the 39-year average. Mean groundwater levels in WY2019 increased at Fort Bowie NHS, and at two of three wells monitored at Chiricahua NM, compared to WY2018. Levels in the third well at Chiricahua slightly decreased. By contrast, water levels declined in five of six wells at Coronado NMem over the same period, with the sixth well showing a slight increase over WY2018. Over the monitoring record (2007–present), groundwater levels at Chiricahua have been fairly stable, with seasonal variability likely caused by transpiration losses and recharge from runoff events in Bonita Creek. At Fort Bowie’s WSW-2, mean groundwater level was also relatively stable from 2004 to 2019, excluding temporary drops due to routine pumping. At Coronado, four of the six wells demonstrated increases (+0.30 to 11.65 ft) in water level compared to the earliest available measurements. Only WSW-2 and Baumkirchner #3 have shown net declines (-17.31 and -3.80 feet, respectively) at that park. Springs were monitored at nine sites in WY2019 (four sites at Chiricahua NM; three at Coronado NMem, and two at Fort Bowie NHS). Most springs had relatively few indications of anthropogenic or natural disturbance. Anthropogenic disturbance included modifications to flow, such as dams, berms, or spring boxes. Examples of natural disturbance included game trails, scat, or evidence of flooding. Crews observed 0–6 facultative/obligate wetland plant taxa and 0–3 invasive non-native species at each spring. Across the springs, crews observed six non-native plant species: common mullein (Verbascum thapsus), spiny sowthistle (Sonchus asper), common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus), Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana), rabbitsfoot grass (Polypogon monspeliensis), and red brome (Bromus rubens). Baseline data on water quality and water chemistry were collected at all nine sites. It is likely that that all nine springs had surface water for at least some part of WY2019, though temperature sensors failed at two sites. The seven sites with continuous sensor data had water present for most of the year. Discharge was measured at eight sites and ranged from < 1 L/minute to 16.5 L/minute.
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Fuchs, Marcel, Ishaiah Segal, Ehude Dayan, and K. Jordan. Improving Greenhouse Microclimate Control with the Help of Plant Temperature Measurements. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604930.bard.

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A model of the energy balance of a transpiring crop in a greenhouse was developed in a format suitable for use in climate control algorithms aimed at dissipating excess heat during the warm periods. The model's parameters use external climatic variables as input. It incorporates radiation and convective transfer functions related to the operation of control devices like shading screens, vents, fans and enhanced evaporative cooling devices. The model identified the leaf boundary-layer resistance and the leaf stomatal and cuticular resistance as critical parameters regulating the temperature of the foliage. Special experiments evaluated these variables and established their relation to environmental factors. The research established that for heat load conditions in Mediterranean and arid climates transpiring crops maintained their foliage temperature within the range allowing high productivity. Results specify that a water supply ensuring minimum leaf resistance to remain below 100 s m-1, and a ventilation rate of 30 air exchanges per hour, are the conditions needed to achieve self cooling. Two vegetable crops, tomato and sweet pepper fulfilled maintained their leaf resistance within the prescribed range at maturity, i.e., during the critical warm season. The research evaluates the effects of additional cooling obtained from wet pad systems and spray wetting of foliage.
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Keren, Rami, Richard H. Loeppert, Jr., Nachman Alperovitch, and L. P. Wilding. The Effect of Magnesium on the Chemical and Physical Properties of Soils in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas. United States Department of Agriculture, February 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1989.7695599.bard.

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