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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Arctic regions Geography"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Arctic regions Geography"

Pearson, Michael. "Sledges and sledging in polar regions." Polar Record 31, no. 176 (January 1995): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400024827.

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ABSTRACTSledges have been used for millennia in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. Until the advent of British Arctic land exploration in the nineteenth century, explorers in these regions had relied on indigenous sledges. The British, and individuals from other nations engaging in polar exploration, often faced different conditions and challenges from those that had faced indigenous peoples, and so a period of adaptation and invention began, to develop sledges that better suited the needs of European survey parties. This paper looks at the range of indigenous sledges and the development of various polar sledge types based on indigenous ski-runner, edge-runner, and toboggan styles of sledges. The development of the Nansen sledge, which became the norm in the Antarctic, is discussed, and the issues and debates involving man-hauling versus dog-hauling and the relative effectiveness of sledges and motive power as shown by recorded sledging performances are outlined.

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Kinossian, Nadir. "Re-colonising the Arctic: The preparation of spatial planning policy in Murmansk Oblast, Russia." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 35, no. 2 (July 26, 2016): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263774x16648331.

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The Russian state is strengthening its positions in the Arctic in order to exploit its resources, develop transport routes, and reverse depopulation trends in the country's northern regions. The ambitions of the Russian state to ‘recolonise’ the Arctic pose questions about the role of the region in the policy-making process dominated by the central state and the emerging geography of the Arctic. This article analyses these relationships using Murmansk Oblast’ as a case study. It argues that (i) there is a shift in Russia's Arctic policy – from withdrawal to re-engagement via mega-projects in energy and transport infrastructure sectors. Changes in global energy markets suggest that Arctic expansionism driven by energy projects is not sustainable; (ii) the policy framework remains incoherent as the central state revises its priorities; (iii) within the emerging polity, regions are neither ‘transmission belts’ of national policy nor independent players; instead, regions such as Murmansk Oblast’ are produced via multiscalar processes of policy making, institutionalisation, and discursive practices.

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Hill, Jen. "National Bodies: Robert Southey's Life of Nelson and John Franklin's Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea." Nineteenth-Century Literature 61, no. 4 (March 1, 2007): 417–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2007.61.4.417.

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This essay investigates the Arctic as an important, if unlikely, location for the formation of a British national and imperial masculinity in the early nineteenth century. Robert Southey's Life of Nelson (1813) established the national naval hero's heroic masculinity as Arctic in origin, revealing the utility of the Arctic in making British character legible. Perceived as unpopulated and "blank," Arctic geography stood in stark contrast to populated,torrid regions of the colonized tropics. The essay concludes with an examination of John Franklin's best-selling Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea(1823). This account of hardship, imperiled bodies, and cannibalism in an uncertain geography would appear to contradict Southey's claims. Yet despite the expedition's failures, Franklin's narrative only augments public perception of the Arctic as a proving ground for a British masculinity uniquely suited to imperial projects.

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Nilsen, Trond. "Firm-driven path creation in arctic peripheries." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 32, no. 2 (February 5, 2017): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094217691481.

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In this paper, the author argues that path creation in regions could be connected to extra-regional firms, networks, and knowledge . However, since the 1990s, the field of evolutionary economic geography has emphasized the importance of endogenous factors in explaining mechanisms of growth and decline. In the debate on path development, there has been strong trust in internal regional processes, where regional innovation systems, related variety, and regional branching have been important sources of new growth patterns. Consequently, the anchoring of multinational corporations in regions as new sources of regional growth and firms’ strategic behavior has received less attention in the evolutionary economic geography discourse. There is less understanding of path creation as “outside-in” transplantation and of the role of extra-regional sources of knowledge and new path development. Accordingly, as peripheral regions often lack notions of relatedness within economic sectors, they depend on exogenous sources of new path development. By applying a set of quantitative and qualitative data from the buildup of a new offshore cluster in the petroleum sector off the coast of Finnmark in Northern Norway, the author suggests that firm behavior within a multiscalar network of actors plays a dominant strategic role in the development of new paths in the periphery. He argues that exogenous development impulses in the form of a combination of multinational corporations, state policies of local content, and the inflow of new knowledge through the inward transplantation of firms from outside can initiate new industrial paths. Thus, the author raises fundamental questions about the applicability of models of endogenous path creation in peripheral regions and suggests a new analytical framework for understanding how the entry of strategic firms connects with different regional paths.

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Stone, Ian R. "F. W. Farrar's poem ‘The Arctic regions’, 1852." Polar Record 24, no. 149 (April 1988): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400008810.

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Goodall, Brian, C. M. Hall, and M. E. Johnston. "Polar Tourism. Tourism in the Arctic and Antarctic Regions." Geographical Journal 162, no. 2 (July 1996): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3059903.

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Magomedov, Arbahan K. "“OLD” AND “NEW” SOCIAL MOBILITY IN THE RUSSIAN NORTH AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF POLAR ISLAM (STUDY OF THE PHENOMENON THROUGH THE COGNITIVE POTENTIAL OF TRANSGRESSION)." ISSUES OF ETHNOPOLITICS, no. 1 (2020): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-7041-2020-1-66-74.

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This work explores one of the most poorly studied aspects of Russian Arctic research: Muslim development in the regions of the rapidly changing Russian North. The concept of the “new Muslin geography of Russia” is introduced in the article to describe how the emergence and development of new Islamic

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Rahbek-Clemmensen, Jon. "The Ukraine crisis moves north. Is Arctic conflict spill-over driven by material interests?" Polar Record 53, no. 1 (November 8, 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247416000735.

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ABSTRACTThe Ukraine crisis has led to tensions between Russia and the western states and the Arctic is one of the affected regions. Regional cooperation, institutions, and international law are essential for Arctic governance, and the crisis may thus have wide-ranging consequences for high north politics. The present article develops an interest-based model of Arctic conflict spill-over and examines its strength, based on a case-study of the first 18 months of the Ukraine crisis. Three hypotheses for Arctic conflict spill-over are developed: Arctic conflict spill-over will be less severe than spill-over in other regions, the western states will be more assertive than Russia, and the smaller Arctic states will be less assertive than the larger states. A review of the crisis confirms the bulk of these hypotheses with some exceptions, thus demonstrating that an interests-based model holds some merit, while also showing that a complete understanding of Arctic conflict spill-over necessitates a broader approach. The article concludes that conflict spillover is unlikely, but not impossible, in the Arctic.

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Poland, John S., Martin J. Riddle, and Barbara A. Zeeb. "Contaminants in the Arctic and the Antarctic: a comparison of sources, impacts, and remediation options." Polar Record 39, no. 4 (October 2003): 369–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247403002985.

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Contaminants, in freezing ground or elsewhere in the world, are of concern not simply because of their presence but because of their potential for detrimental effects on human health, the biota, or other valued aspects of the environment. Understanding these effects is central to any attempt to manage or remediate contaminated land. The polar regions are different from other parts of the world, and it would be naïve to assume that the mass of information developed in temperate regions can be applied without modification to the polar regions. Despite their obvious environmental similarities, there are important differences between the Arctic and Antarctic. The landmass of the Arctic is much warmer than that of the Antarctic and as a result has a much greater diversity and abundance of flora. Because of its proximity to industrial areas in the Northern Hemisphere, the Arctic also experiences a higher input of contaminants via long-range aerial transport. In addition, the Arctic, with its indigenous population and generally undisputed territorial claims, has long been the subject of resource utilisation, including harvesting of living resources, mineral extraction, and the construction of military infrastructure. The history of human activity in Antarctica is relatively brief, but in this time there has been a series of quite distinct phases, culminating in the Antarctic now holding a unique position in the world. Activities in the Antarctic are governed by the Antarctic Treaty, which contains provisions dealing with environmental matters. The differences between the polar regions and the rest of the world, and between the Arctic and the Antarctic, significantly affect scientific and engineering approaches to the remediation of contamination in polar regions. This paper compares and contrasts the Arctic and Antarctic with respect to geography, configuration, habitation, logistics, environmental guidelines, regulations, and remediation protocols. Chemical contamination is also discussed in terms of its origin and major concerns and interests, particularly with reference to current remediation activities and site-restoration methodology.

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Tonami, Aki. "Influencing the imagined ‘polar regions’: the politics of Japan's Arctic and Antarctic policies." Polar Record 53, no. 5 (September 2017): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247417000419.

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ABSTRACTHow does a state that is not a ‘natural’ Arctic or Antarctic state perceive the polar regions, interpret their roles in its foreign policy and translate this into actual polar policy? This paper seeks to answer these questions by comparing the Arctic and Antarctic policies of Japan. The paper shows that Japan's national image of the polar regions as a combined region began before World War II due to its imperial past of joining the race to the Antarctic and the Arctic. However, from a policy point of view, the polar regions for Japan long meant primarily Antarctica. Japan, as a defeated power and a late-comer to the international system established after World War II, takes a liberal position in the governance of Antarctica. Having and maintaining a capability to conduct scientific research in the Antarctic via international decision-making institutions has been considered an important status marker associated with great power identity. Regarding the Arctic, Japan attempts to replicate the general success of its Antarctic policy, backed by tools of science and technological diplomacy, the purpose of which is to revive its domestic economy. Japan's scientific whaling in the Antarctic is primarily a domestic, identity-based political conflict between a nostalgia for Japan's imperial past and its more modern, liberal identity of today.

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Дисертації з теми "Arctic regions Geography"

Heyes, Scott Alexander. "Inuit and scientific ways of knowing and seeing the Arctic landscape." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARCHLM/09archlmh6159.pdf.

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"February 2002" Bibliography: leaves 117-128. This work explores traditional Inuit and Western scientific ways of knowing and seeing the Arctic through a number of cultural expressions of landscape. Inuit and Western perceptions of the Arctic are analysed by examining a series of thematic and cognitive 'maps', drawings and satellite imagery. The study focuses on how these forms of landscape representation and methods of navigation shape the way in whcih the Arctic is perceived. Centred on Inuit coastal villages in Nunavik (Northern Quebec), Canada, the study illustrates different and converging ways of reading the landscape through maps.

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Soliday, Greg. "The Arctic Oscillation and Wintertime Climatology of the Midwest and Tennessee Valley Regions of the USA (1951-2010)." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1565125.

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An analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and wintertime climatology of the Midwest and Tennessee Valley regions of the USA. In particular, this study focuses on variation in wintertime temperatures and snowfall totals during the top ten most positive and negative AO winters for the aforementioned regions. In addition, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis composite maps were created and examined to evaluate the relationship between certain atmospheric parameters and the opposing phases of the AO. In the Midwest and Tennessee Valley regions, variation in wintertime mean temperature and snowfall totals are associated with strong phases of the AO. The top ten most negative AO winters resulted in below average temperatures and above average snowfall totals. In contrast, the top ten most positive AO winters resulted in above average temperatures and below average snowfall totals. In addition, variation in mean wintertime temperature and snowfall totals is less significant during positive AO winters in comparison to negative AO winters. The top 10 most positive and negative AO winters appear to provide a significant link between anomalous middle and upper atmospheric circulation and atypical surface weather patterns across the Midwest and Tennessee Valley regions.

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Shu, Song. "Satellite Radar and Laser Altimetry for Monitoring of Lake Water Level and Snow Accumulation in Arctic Regions." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1561394321584998.

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Colucci, Amanda Nicole. "Visualizing Paleoindian and Archaic Mobility in the Ohio Region of Eastern North America." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1492672487141638.

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Fraley, Jennifer R. "Mapping landscape perceptions in the rural Midwest : 3D visualization and design of a regional rail-trail with ArcGIS." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1338873.

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This project explores the design of a rail-trail in the Midwest utilizing visual preference methods with ArcGIS and 3D visualization technologies. It has been found that visually preferred environments are more enjoyable, more frequently used places that positively influence overall health of individuals and communities. Aesthetic attributes of environments, in particular, are directly related to overall physical, social, and mental health. Research conducted on environment, behavior, and human preference suggests that environmental settings can influence perceptions of quality of life, sense of place, and mental states, which affect stress levels, which are physically manifested in the body (Kaplan 1982, 1987, 1995, 1998; Lusk 2002; RWJF 2006; Shafer 2000).One way of providing healthier environments is by improving aesthetics according to the visual characteristics that promote understanding and exploration of the environment, specifically perceptual values of smoothness, density, and landcover type (Kaplan and Kaplan 1998; Brown 1994). This technique allows social issues such as public opinion and health benefits to be integrated with environmental and cultural issues to thoroughly address design and management solutions, especially in recreation areas. Spatial Analyst and 3D Analyst extensions facilitated the analysis by adapting the United States Forest Service visual analysis framework to the visual preference research to assess the use of GIS and 3D technology in a design oriented application. This included the addition of a 3D element to allow the designer to experience how a scene changes through space and time. Use of 2D, 3D, and animation capabilities of ArcGIS assisted in the visualization of landscape preference from the trail-user's point of view to assess the perceptual qualities of the landscape along the Cardinal Greenway.The project findings outline the capabilities of ArcGIS 3D Analyst and Spatial Analyst for mapping and measuring these perceptual and physical landscape qualities. The resulting design concepts reflect the findings of this study. It is anticipated that the process followed could be adapted and applied to recreation areas in similar geographic regions, and thereby advance daily recreation and lifestyle change for healthier individuals and communities.
Department of Landscape Architecture

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Liu, Xiaohui. "Web-Based Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Spatial Trade-Offs between Enivironmental and Economic Implications from Hydraulic Fracturing in a Shale Gas Region in Ohio." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1402969071.

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Книги з теми "Arctic regions Geography"

Hayes, Derek. Historical atlas of the Arctic. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 2003.

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Peoples of the Arctic. New York: PowerKids Press, 1996.

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The future history of the Arctic. New York: PublicAffairs, 2010.

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Circumpolar health atlas. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012.

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Edric, Robert. The broken lands: A novel of Arctic disaster. New York: Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin's Press, 2002.

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1946-, Woods Mary B., ed. Seven natural wonders of the Arctic, Antarctica, and the Oceans. Minneapolis, MN: Twenty-First Century Books, 2009.

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Kalman, Bobbie. An Arctic community. Toronto: Houghton Mifflin, 1992.

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Kalman, Bobbie. An Arctic community. New York, N.Y: Crabtree, 1988.

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William, Belsey, ed. An Arctic community. New York: Crabtree, 1993.

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Walking with the wounded. [Bath]: Windsor/Paragon, 2012.

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Частини книг з теми "Arctic regions Geography"

Alekseev, Ivan, George Shamilishvili, and Evgeny Abakumov. "Ecotoxicological State of Urban Soils of the Arctic with Different Functional Load (Yamal Autonomous Region)." In Springer Geography, 206–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89602-1_25.

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Saltan, Natalya, Marina Slukovskaya, Irina Mikhaylova, Evgeny Zarov, Pavel Skripnikov, Sergey Gorbov, Alexandra Khvostova, Svetlana Drogobuzhskaya, Anna Shirokaya, and Irina Kremenetskaya. "Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution by Land Use Zones in Small Towns of the Industrialized Arctic Region, Russia." In Springer Geography, 100–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75285-9_10.

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Hinkel, Kenneth M., and Andrew W. Ellis. "Cryosphere." In Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233923.003.0013.

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The cryosphere refers to the Earth’s frozen realm. As such, it includes the 10 percent of the terrestrial surface covered by ice sheets and glaciers, an additional 14 percent characterized by permafrost and/or periglacial processes, and those regions affected by ephemeral and permanent snow cover and sea ice. Although glaciers and permafrost are confined to high latitudes or altitudes, areas seasonally affected by snow cover and sea ice occupy a large portion of Earth’s surface area and have strong spatiotemporal characteristics. Considerable scientific attention has focused on the cryosphere in the past decade. Results from 2 ×CO2 General Circulation Models (GCMs) consistently predict enhanced warming at high latitudes, especially over land (Fitzharris 1996). Since a large volume of ground and surface ice is currently within several degrees of its melting temperature, the cryospheric system is particularly vulnerable to the effects of regional warming. The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states that there is strong evidence of Arctic air temperature warming over land by as much as 5 °C during the past century (Anisimov et al. 2001). Further, sea-ice extent and thickness has recently decreased, permafrost has generally warmed, spring snow extent over Eurasia has been reduced, and there has been a general warming trend in the Antarctic (e.g. Serreze et al. 2000). Most climate models project a sustained warming and increase in precipitation in these regions over the twenty-first century. Projected impacts include melting of ice sheets and glaciers with consequent increase in sea level, possible collapse of the Antarctic ice shelves, substantial loss of Arctic Ocean sea ice, and thawing of permafrost terrain. Such rapid responses would likely have a substantial impact on marine and terrestrial biota, with attendant disruption of indigenous human communities and infrastructure. Further, such changes can trigger positive feedback effects that influence global climate. For example, melting of organic-rich permafrost and widespread decomposition of peatlands might enhance CO2 and CH4 efflux to the atmosphere. Cryospheric researchers are therefore involved in monitoring and documenting changes in an effort to separate the natural variability from that induced or enhanced by human activity.

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Pathak, Prasad, and Stephen Whalen. "Using Geospatial Techniques to Analyze Landscape Factors Controlling Ionic Composition of Arctic Lakes, Toolik Lake Region, Alaska." In Geographic Information Systems, 130–50. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2038-4.ch012.

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The impacts of climate change on landscapes in arctic Alaska are evident in terms of permafrost melting, frequent thermokarst activity, and the occurrence of more broadleaf vegetation. These changes may alter natural biogeochemical cycles of ions along with major nutrients and affect ionic compositions of lakes, as they are connected with the landscapes. However, the nature of the connectivity between lakes and landscapes in this region is not yet explored. The authors propose that geospatial analysis of landscape properties along with observed lake ion concentrations will enable an understanding of the currently existing landscape controls over ion inputs into the lakes. For the watersheds of 41 lakes in the Arctic Foothills region of Alaska, spatial properties of natural vegetation communities expressed in terms of percentage, shape complexity, and patch density metrics were derived using satellite data. Regression analyses were performed for concentration of ions as well as conductivity in lake water where the spatial metrics along with lake physical properties, lake order, and glacial till age categories were used as predicting variables in the regression. Landscape metrics for major land covers i.e., Percentage of Moist Acidic Tundra (MAT) and Moist Non-acidic Tundra (MNT) were the major predicting variables for concentration of several ions.

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Potts, Charlotte R. "Ritual topographies: landscapes, cityscapes, and temples." In Religious Architecture in Latium and Etruria, c. 900-500 BC. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198722076.003.0014.

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The construction of monumental temples and sanctuaries during the sixth century BC changed the appearance of cult sites and settlements in Archaic Tyrrhenian Italy. The relationship between monumental cult buildings and their settings, however, is not well understood. As will be discussed below, scholars have argued that the placement and orientation of Archaic temples was influenced by the terrain, pre-existing cult sites, ritual geography, and the requirements of those within settlements. It has also been unclear whether religious monumentalization followed recognizable topographical patterns, particular to each region, culture, or religion, or alternatively varied according to local needs and customs. Thus, although the archaeology of landscapes and settlements has become an increasingly common element of Latial and Etruscan studies, the religious dimension of these landscapes and cityscapes may benefit from further analysis. This chapter accordingly examines the topography of early monumental temples in Latium and Etruria both in terms of their position in the landscape and in relation to features such as votive deposits, roads, and other buildings. The first part of the chapter presents an overview of the organization and characteristics of settlements in central Italy in the seventh and sixth centuries BC to establish the context for the introduction of the first monumental temples. The second and third parts test hypotheses about the location of Archaic cult buildings against the archaeological evidence. It will be suggested that what at first appears to be great diversity may actually represent a variety of responses to the same concern, namely a desire to be accessible to visitors, travellers, and an increasingly mobile population. The fourth and final part uses these findings to argue that it may be timely to review traditional typologies for cult sites that are based upon topographical relationships with urban centres. The incorporation of landscape archaeology into Etruscan and Latial studies over the last five decades has generated new data and models for reconstructing regional settlement hierarchies, population densities, and relationships with the physical environment. It is now possible to recognize broad, if complex, patterns in the location and organization of settlements as well as changes to those patterns over time.

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Bowman, William D. "Introduction: Historical Perspective and Significance of Alpine Ecosystem Studies." In Structure and Function of an Alpine Ecosystem. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117288.003.0005.

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Alpine tundra is an intriguing ecosystem—for its beauty as well as for the harsh climate in which it exists. Contrasted against jagged rock precipices and snow and ice and subjected to rapid changes in weather, the tundra, with its proliferation of diminutive flowers, appears deceptively fragile. John Muir, in detailing the alpine of the Sierra Nevada, was at a loss to adequately describe “the exquisite beauty of these mountain carpets as they lie smoothly outspread in the savage wilderness” (Muir 1894). Despite this aesthetic fascination for the alpine, it is one of the least studied ecosystems in the world. Significant effort has been expended to describe the physiological ecology of alpine organisms (e.g., Bliss 1985; Carey 1993; Körner 1999) and community patterns (Komárková 1979; Billings 1988), but there have been no syntheses detailing alpine ecosystem processes and patterns to the degree that they have been described in the arctic (e.g., Chapin 1992) and forest (e.g., Likens and Bormann 1995) ecosystems. The goal of this book is to provide a description of the Niwot Ridge/Green Lakes Valley alpine ecosystem of the Front Range in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, including the spatial and temporal patterns of animals, plants, and microorganisms and the associated ecosystem processes. The book focuses on the strengths of the research carried out on Niwot Ridge during the past four decades, particularly physical factors influencing alpine ecology (climate and geomorphology), patterns and functions of the vegetation, and N biogeochemistry. While the book focuses on a particular site, the results can be extrapolated to much of the southern and central Rocky Mountains, and thus it pertains to a broader geographic and scientific scope and will be of direct interest to ecologists in general as well as to those interested in ecosystems in extreme environments. There are numerous justifications for a synthesis of alpine ecosystem studies. While alpine tundra occupies only about 3% of the global land surface (Körner 1995) and thus has little impact on atmosphere-biosphere exchange, its presence at the extreme climatic tolerance for many organisms and its presence on every continent make it a good “indicator” system for regional environmental change.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Arctic regions Geography"

Bambulyak, Alexei, Rudiger U. Franz von Bock und Polach, Sören Ehlers, and Are Sydnes. "Challenges With Oil Spill Risk Assessment in Arctic Regions: Shipping Along the Northern Sea Route." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24419.

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Arctic regions, and thus ice-covered waters, are continuously getting higher in the national and international political agenda. The world demand in energy resources and the need in development of new transportation routes are pushing industrial activities up North where we see prospects and expectations on one side, and gaps and challenges on the other. Industrial development of the new geographic area is complex, and the priority in transportation is given to marine shipping. For the recent years, transit cargo shipping through the North Eastern Passage or the Northern Sea Route (NSR) increased more than 10 times from 0.11 million tons (4 passages) in 2010 to 1.36 million tons (71 passages) in 2013. Although, the numbers are small compared to global cargo shipping, the sensitive Arctic environment requires the establishment of a oil spill recovery system as well as risk mitigation measures. This, in turn, requires the preceding development of a risk assessment methodology for oil spills in ice-covered waters. Therefore, this paper presents the challenges involved in Arctic shipping along the NSR and identifies the knowledge gaps with respect to environmental risk assessment of accidental oil spill.

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Previsic, Mirko. "Ocean Energy in the United States: An Overview." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-80236.

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The total US generation potential of emerging marine renewable energy sources could provide a significant contribution to the US renewable energy mix. This paper discusses the resource potential for power generation within different geographic regions. The paper further addresses technology status and barriers to development.

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Pasechnik, E. Yu, L. N. Chilinger, and A. G. Birulina. "ANALYSIS OF NORMATIVE SANITARY PROTECTION ZONES OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES AS A FACTOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF TOMSK." In Prirodopol'zovanie i ohrana prirody: Ohrana pamjatnikov prirody, biologicheskogo i landshaftnogo raznoobrazija Tomskogo Priob'ja i drugih regionov Rossii. Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-954-9-2020-80.

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The article discusses the historical aspects of the design of sanitary protection zones. The current situation of industrial enterprises and their regulatory sanitary protection zones has been established based on the land use and development rules of Tomsk using the ArcCis geographic information system. A number of factors in the violation of urban space are noted and possible measures for its restoration are proposed.

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Driscol, Blake P., Andrew Gish, and Ryan G. Coe. "Wave-Powered AUV Recharging: A Feasibility Study." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95383.

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Abstract The aim of this study is to determine whether multiple U.S. Navy autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) could be supported using a small, heaving wave energy converter (WEC). The U.S. Navy operates numerous AUVs that need to be charged periodically onshore or onboard a support ship. Ocean waves provide a vast source of energy that can be converted into electricity using a wave energy converter and stored using a conventional battery. The Navy would benefit from the development of a wave energy converter that could store electrical power and autonomously charge its AUVs offshore. A feasibility analysis is required to ensure that the WEC could support the energy needs of multiple AUVs, remain covert, and offer a strategic military advantage. This paper investigates the Navy’s power demands for AUVs and decides whether or not these demands could be met utilizing various measures of WEC efficiency. Wave data from a potential geographic region is analyzed to determine optimal locations for the converter in order to meet the Navy’s power demands and mission set.

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Hornfeld, Willi. "SeaWolf: Latest Generation Inspection AUV." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29110.

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Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) operate independently of human control. The more sophisticated types of AUV are able to make their own mission-conformal decisions including appropriate action in unforeseen situations. The latest AUV development from ATLAS ELEKTRONIK is the SeaWolf, at present in the advanced development stage, is such a sophisticated type of AUV and will be shortly introduced into the market. The SeaWolf’s mission spectrum extends from the inspection of 2- and 3-D underwater facilities, maritime security in the underwater domain and to applications for maritime science. The vehicle belongs to the lower weight class of AUVs, has a large payload capacity and a endurance of several hours with a speed up to 8 kts. It is able to hover and has a very good manoeuvrability, due to its 5 propulsors. The SeaWolf can also be equipped with a fiberoptic cable, length of up to some kilometres, for broad band on-line data transmission. The Seawolf AUV, with its unique combination of power and manoeuvrability, will be able to execute a comprehensive variety of inspection, surveillance and reconnaissance tasks, including in high current environments and covering extremely complex structures. As well, SEAWOLF is able to detect and classify anomalies without human support. Such anomolies can be so handled even in areas of extensive marine growth such as mussels and barnacles, and in regions of poor visibility. To meet these demanding performance challenges, the SeaWolf is equipped with: • a multi-sensor package, • an efficient image processing software, • a precise geographic long range navigation system, • a very precise short range navigation system relative to the object, which guides the vehicle constantly in each axis from the object to be inspected ensuring a 100% coverage of the object’s surface. The SeaWolf is also able to execute the inspection from an existing CAD data from the target object. If such data are not available, SeaWolf will figure out the data file by itself on the basic of the actual inspection result. This paper presents the current AUV system ATLAS SeaWolf, describing the configuration and performance including an overview of potential applications and discusses the planned future developments.

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