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Статті в журналах з теми "Animaux des dunes":
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Guillaumet, Alban, and Guillaume Leotard. "Annoying neighbors: Multi-scale distribution determinants of two sympatric sibling species of birds." Current Zoology 61, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.1.10.
Анотація:
Abstract We tested the role of interspecific competition in driving species distribution at multiple spatial scales using two sibling species of Galerida larks (G. cristata and G. theklae) in Morocco (sympatry), Balearic islands (G. theklae only) and Israel (G. cristata only). We first investigated regional-scale determinants by contrasting allopatric versus sympatric patterns in five distinct habitat types. We next focused on a single habitat used by both species, the coastal sand dunes. Dune quadrats were established along the Moroccan coast and completed by a quadrat in the nearest distinct landscape habitat. Poisson regressions were used to model Galerida counts together with ecological predictors as concerns the climate, topography, vegetation structure and soil gra-nulometry. At the local scale, both species preferred grey dunes over white sand dunes, and both were negatively affected by the abundance of the congeneric species in the dune. However, we found that G. theklae tended to replace G. cristata in more arid sand dunes, even if the transition was not strictly clinal. Instead, the transition occurred when the surrounding landscape changed from coastal wetlands to bathas (grasslands with shrubs), highlighting the importance of habitat composition at the landscape scale. The fact that G. cristata used bathas in allopatry, but not in sympatry, suggested that the competitive environment contributed to determine sand dune occupancy. We suggest that landscape-level effects may be pivotal in explaining species distribution not only at the local scale, by affecting the pool of potential immigrants, but also at the regional scale, by contributing to species’ range limit.
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Woch, Marcin W., Paweł Kapusta, Małgorzata Stanek, Katarzyna Możdżeń, Irena M. Grześ, Elżbieta Rożej-Pabijan, and Anna M. Stefanowicz. "Effects of invasive Rosa rugosa on Baltic coastal dune communities depend on dune age." NeoBiota 82 (March 2, 2023): 163–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.82.97275.
Анотація:
Rosa rugosa Thunb. (Japanese Rose) is one of the most invasive species in Europe. It spreads spontaneously in coastal areas of western, central and northern Europe, posing a threat to dune habitats, including those indicated in the EU Habitats Directive as particularly valuable. R. rugosa has already been reported to displace native plants and alter soil properties. However, little is known about how these effects are mediated by the habitat context or the invader condition (health, ontogenetic stage). This study addressed that gap by examining vegetation and soil in 22 R. rugosa-invaded sites, half of which were in yellow dunes and the other half in grey dunes, i.e. two habitats representing the earlier and later stages of dune succession. The study was conducted on the Hel Peninsula (Poland’s Baltic coast). R. rugosa had a significant impact on dune vegetation, but the impact was strongly dependent on the habitat type. In the yellow dune sites, R. rugosa outcompeted most resident plant species, which translated into a strong decline in their total cover and richness. The invasion was almost not accompanied by changes in soil properties, suggesting that it affected the resident vegetation directly (through space takeover and shading). In the grey dunes, R. rugosa caused a shift in species composition, from that characteristic of open communities to that typical of forests. In this habitat, a significant increase in the soil organic layer thickness under R. rugosa was also observed, which means that both direct and indirect effects of the invasion on the vegetation should be assumed. Finally, a negative relationship was found between the total chlorophyll content in R. rugosa leaves and the parameters of resident plant communities, showing that the invasion effects can vary not only across habitats, but also with the condition of the invader. The results may have practical implications for managing R. rugosa invasions in coastal sand dune systems. Since R. rugosa accelerates grey dune succession, protecting this habitat may be more urgent and, at the same time, more complicated than protecting dunes at the earlier stages of development.
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Malloch, A. J. C. "Plant communities of the British sand dunes." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 96 (1989): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026972700001085x.
Анотація:
SynopsisThe National Vegetation Classification has details of some 2000 samples of sand dune vegetation collected nationally. Analysis of these data has resulted in the recognition of about thirteen plant communities of the sand dune system. Details of these communities are presented, elaborating on their species composition, variability, ecological relationships and distribution. As might be expected, the major direction of variation is from strandline, through the vegetation of active dunes, to the fixed dune grasslands, heath and scrub. The precise pattern is affected by the calcium status of the dune and by its geographic location. The vegetation of dune slacks is also dependent on the calcium status of the sand, as well as the amount and persistence of standing water. Superimposed on this natural pattern of variation is the use of dune systems by the grazing of domestic animals as seen on the machair of the Hebrides in particular.
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Wilson, BA, NM White, A. Hanley, and DL Tidey. "Population fluctuations of the New Holland mouse Pseudomys novaehollandiae at Wilson?s Promontory National Park, Victoria." Australian Mammalogy 27, no. 1 (2005): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am05049.
Анотація:
The New Holland mouse (Pseudomys novaehollandiae) was first recorded at Wilson?s Promontory in 1972 in heathland vegetation, but has not been located in this habitat subsequently. The species was not trapped again until 1993 when it was found in calcarenite dune woodland on the Yanakie Isthmus. The aims of this study were to assess the population dynamics and habitat use of the species in this dune habitat. Mark-recapture trapping was conducted at three sites from 1999 to 2002. One site was located on low (0 - 5 m), flat sand dunes and open swales, another on medium (5 ? 10 m) vegetated dunes, and the third on high (20 m) steep vegetated dunes. The three sites had not been burnt for 30 to 50 years. The abundance of P. novaehollandiae was related to understorey vegetation density and differences in population densities on the sites are likely to be related to the primary succession stages on the sand dunes, rather than fire history. The maximum density (24 ha-1) recorded at one site was very high compared to other Victorian populations, however this was followed by a substantial decline in numbers within the year. At another site a small population declined to extinction. Populations on the isthmus are thus capable of achieving high densities but may decline quickly. Rainfall patterns may have affected the population fluctuations, but further research is required to elucidate fully the factors involved in the long-term dynamics of this species.
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Ruiz-Cuenca, Alba N., and Joaquín Abolafia. "Prevalence and Distribution of Nematodes from Coastal Sand Dunes in the Iberian Peninsula." Coasts 3, no. 3 (September 10, 2023): 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coasts3030016.
Анотація:
Nematodes are a large and diversified zoological group with a wide global distribution, being able even to be present in habitats with extreme conditions. Although coastal dunes can be considered as an adverse environment for these animals, numerous species are discovered there. In general, these small animals present some morphological characteristics, which provide them a high adaptability to these habitats and the ability to reach a wide distribution. In this study, a total of 222 sample sites of coastal sand dunes have been studied in order to know the nematofauna of these habitats. Thus, 42 coastal dunes from three geographical areas of the Iberian Peninsula coast (Atlantic coast, southern Mediterranean coast, and northern Mediterranean coast) were examined. A total of 120 species of nematodes were found, belonging to eight orders. The results showed the higher prevalence of the species belonging to the order Rhabditida, which were present in 84.2% of the sand dunes studied, most of them belonging to the family Cephalobidae with 42 species, while the order with lower prevalence was the order Enoplida appearing only in one dune (0.9%). The classification of nematofauna by trophic groups showed that bacterial feeders, omnivores, hyphal feeders, and plant feeders shared a high prevalence (83.3%, 40.5%, 34.2%, and 32.8%, respectively), while predators, unicellular eukaryote feeders, and substrate ingesters account for less than 11%. A list of the found species, prevalence, and trophic groups is included.
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Crombé, Philippe, Mark van Strydonck, Mathieu Boudin, Tess van den Brande, Cilia Derese, Dimitri A. G. Vandenberghe, Peter van den Haute, et al. "Absolute Dating (14C and OSL) of the Formation of Coversand Ridges Occupied by Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers in NW Belgium." Radiocarbon 54, no. 3-4 (2012): 715–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200047378.
Анотація:
Based on radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) results obtained in the last 5 yr, this paper discusses the absolute chronology of the formation of one of the largest sand dunes within NW Belgium, the Great Ridge of Maldegem-Stekene. Multiproxy analysis of 6 sedimentary sequences points to a complex formation history covering the entire Late Glacial. Dry phases, characterized by eolian deflation and sedimentation, alternated with wet phases in which numerous mostly shallow dune slacks were filled with freshwater. The latter reached their highest water level during the first half of the Allerød, attracting both animals (e.g. European elk) and humans (Federmesser hunter-gatherers). Near the end of the Allerød, all dune slacks finally disappeared as they were filled in with windblown sand ("coversand"), likely forcing prehistoric hunter-gatherers to leave the area.
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Predavec, M., and CR Dickman. "Population dynamics and habitat use of the long-haired rat (Rattus villosissimus) in south-western Queensland." Wildlife Research 21, no. 1 (1994): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940001.
Анотація:
A population of Rattus villosissimus was studied during an 18-month period in a sand-dune habitat in south-western Queensland. The population numbers fluctuated dramatically during this time. Increases in population numbers were due primarily to immigration, with reproduction playing a secondary role. Rain-induced increases in food availability are the most likely stimuli for these increases. The cause of population decline is not clear from this study, but predation and disease may be important factors. Radio-tracking showed that the spatial activity of the animals was concentrated on the sides of the dunes, and around burrows. Temporal activity is influenced by moonlight, with animals remaining in burrows for long periods of time on bright nights.
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Amin, Rajan, Tim Wacher, Tom Bruce, and Chris Barichievy. "The status and ecology of the sand cat in the Uruq Bani Ma’arid Protected Area, Empty Quarter of Saudi Arabia." Mammalia 85, no. 3 (January 11, 2021): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2020-0031.
Анотація:
Abstract The sand cat is one of the world’s least studied small cats. Our camera-trap survey, one of the largest undertaken in a desert system, generated over 1500 images of the species across 100 camera-traps distributed systematically over the 2400 km2 core area of the Uruq Bani Ma’arid Protected Area of the Empty Quarter, Saudi Arabia. The study revealed a much more significant and widespread sand cat population in the ecosystem than previously understood. Sand cats were detected across one-third of the core area in all major habitats, comprising escarpment plateau, sand dunes and interdunal gravel valleys. The species showed a marginal preference for the interior parallel dune system with interspersed gravel valleys where they also preferred sand dunes over the gravel valley in the hot season. There was no evidence of strong spatial interactions with other predators. The ecosystem’s larger predators (Arabian red fox and honey badger, and all records of wild and feral cats) were primarily associated with the escarpment plateau. The smaller Rueppell’s fox was the only other carnivore more consistently present in the main dune system. Sand cats were strictly nocturnal and 14% more active in the hot season than the cool season.
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DAWWRUENG, PATTARAWICH, NONN PANITVONG, KANIN MOOLTHAM, PONGPIPAT MEEBENJAMART, and WEEYAWAT JAITRONG. "First record of the family Schizodactylidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) from Thailand, with the description of a new species." Zootaxa 4472, no. 1 (September 7, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4472.1.2.
Анотація:
A new species of dune cricket in the family Schizodactylidae, Schizodactylus salweenensis sp. nov. is described from Salween River, Mae Hong Son Province, northwestern Thailand based on both males and females. The Schizodactylidae is recorded for the first time in Thailand. The new species is most similar to Schizodactylus tuberculatus Ander, 1938 and Schizodactylus burmanus Uvarov, 1935 in the morphology of male subgenital plate, but mainly differs in the shape of subgenital plate apex, and the spurs of hind tibiae. The type series was collected from sand dunes along the river. This cricket reaches adulthood during the rainy season.
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Van De Walle, Ruben, François Massol, Martijn L. Vandegehuchte, and Dries Bonte. "The distribution and impact of an invasive plant species (Senecio inaequidens) on a dune building engineer (Calamagrostis arenaria)." NeoBiota 72 (March 4, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.72.78511.
Анотація:
Disturbance is thought to enhance the probability of invasive species establishment, a prerequisite for naturalisation. Coastal dunes are characterised by disturbance in the form of sand dynamics. We studied the effect of this disturbance on the establishment and spread of an invasive plant species (Senecio inaequidens) in European coastal dunes. Local sand dynamics dictate the spatial configuration of marram grass (Calamagrostis arenaria). Therefore, marram grass configuration was used as a reliable proxy for disturbance. Since marram grass plays a crucial role in natural dune formation, we evaluated the possible effects S. inaequidens could have on this process, if it is able to naturalise in European coastal dunes. We expected the highest probability of S. inaequidens establishment at intermediate marram grass cover because too low cover would increase sand burial, whereas high cover would increase competition. However, our results indicate that S. inaequidens is quite capable of handling higher levels of sand burial. Thus, the probability of S. inaequidens establishment was high under low marram cover but slightly lowered when marram cover was high, hinting at the importance of competition. We expected a negative impact of Senecio-altered soils on marram grass growth mediated by soil biota. However, marram grass grew better in sand gathered underneath Senecio plants due to abiotic soil modifications. This enhanced growth may be caused by Senecio leaf litter elevating nutrient concentrations in an otherwise nutrient-poor substrate. If such increased plant growth is a general phenomenon, further expansion of S. inaequidens could accelerate natural succession in European coastal dunes.
Дисертації з теми "Animaux des dunes":
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Van, de Walle Ruben. "Quantifying the impact of the spatial configuration of marram grass on dune biodiversity." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR015.
Анотація:
En raison du changement climatique constant, la protection des côtes devient de plus en plus importante. Récemment, l'intérêt pour la construction de dunes au lieu de digues pour protéger l'arrière-pays contre la montée du niveau de la mer est en augmentation. Lors de la construction de dunes artificielles, l'ammophile (Calamagrostis arenaria) est généralement utilisée pour fixer le sable, où elle est souvent plantée dans une configuration régulière répartie sur la dune, alors qu'elle pousse naturellement plus regroupée.Cette thèse de doctorat étudie comment la configuration spatiale de l'ammophile influence la biodiversité dans les dunes. Il étudie quelles configurations d'ammophile sont les plus vulnérables à une espèce végétale envahissante et quelles peuvent être les conséquences possibles pour l'ammophile. Dans les deuxième et troisième chapitres, la biodiversité souterraine et aérienne sont respectivement examinées. Dans le dernier chapitre, les interactions entre la communauté des arthropodes aériens sont discutées plus en détail.Je discute des implications de mon travail pour la protection côtière et la conservation de la nature. Le potentiel d'établissement d'espèces envahissantes est plus élevé dans les dunes artificielles, ce qui pourrait accélérer la stabilisation des dunes et la succession végétale, modifiant ainsi potentiellement la dynamique des dunes. Dans l'intérêt de la biodiversité, il faut tendre vers un paysage hétérogène, où l'ammophile alterne avec des plaques de sable nuDue to the steady climate change, coastal protection is becoming increasingly important. Recently, the interest in constructing dunes instead of dykes to protect the hinterland against the rising sea level is increasing. During the construction of artificial dunes, marram grass (Calamagrostis arenaria) is usually used to fixate the sand, where it is often planted in a regular configuration spread over the dune, while it naturally grows more clustered together.This doctoral thesis investigates how the spatial configuration of marram grass influences the biodiversity in the dunes. It studies which marram grass configurations are most vulnerable to an invasive plant species and what the possible consequences may be for the marram grass. In the second and third chapters, below- and aboveground biodiversity are examined respectively. In the last chapter, the interactions between the aboveground arthropod community are discussed in more detail.I discuss the implications of my work for both coastal protection and nature conservation. The potential for invasive species to establish is higher in artificial dunes, which could accelerate dune stabilization and vegetation succession, consequently potentially altering dune dynamics. In the interest of biodiversity, we should strive for a heterogeneous landscape, where marram grass alternates with patches of bare sand
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Miranda, Jivanildo Pinheiro. "Ecologia e conservação da herpetofauna do Parque Nacional dos Lençois Maranhenses, Maranhão, Brasil." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316354.
Анотація:
Orientador: Carlos Frederico Duarte da RochaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T17:01:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miranda_JivanildoPinheiro_D.pdf: 7646850 bytes, checksum: 1b29966bda6798dfbb87bba528797710 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: Neste estudo investiguei a riqueza, composição e distribuição local da herpetofauna do Parque Nacional dos Lençóis Maranhenses (PNLM), Maranhão, Brasil. Realizei 47 expedições, totalizando 235 dias de amostragem utilizando o método de procura visual limitada por tempo. Adicionalmente, estudei a ocorrência de atropelamentos de vertebrados na rota de acesso ao parque. Assim, registrei 63 espécies da herpetofauna no PNLM, sendo 21 espécies de anuros, 12 de lagartos, 24 de serpentes, duas de anfisbenas, três de quelônios e uma de jacaré. Destas espécies, 52 (E 82,5%) ocorrem apenas na restinga. As demais espécies ocorrem no campo de dunas do parque. Em relação aos atropelamentos, realizei cerca de 10896 quilômetros de amostragem. Encontrei 206 carcaças de vertebrados atropelados, distribuídas por 55 espécies. O grupo de vertebrado mais atropelado, em número de espécies (23 espécies) e de indivíduos (69 indivíduos), foi a classe Reptilia. Apesar do PNLM ser enfatizado do ponto de vista paisagístico, este estudo mostra que seus ambientes possuem significativa riqueza de espécies da herpetofauna. Estas espécies ocorrem principalmente no ambiente de restinga, o qual corresponde a apenas 21% da área do parque. Devido a crescente visitação turística e do aumento de empreendimentos na área, é importante que ações para a conservação da restinga do PNLM sejam urgentemente implementadas
Abstract: Herpetofauna richness, composition and local distribution (sand dunes or restinga habitats) were studied in Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (LMNP), Maranhão state, northeastern Brazil. I carried out 235 days of sampling using the method of visual search limited by time. In addition, I studied road killed vertebrates in the access route to the park (a road that crosses restinga habitats). Thus, I recorded 63 species of the herpetofauna (21 anurans, 12 lizards, 24 snakes, two amphisbaenians, three turtles and an alligator) in LMNP. Fifty-two species (E 82,5%) were found only in restinga habitats. Concerning to road killed animals, I carried out 10896 km of sampling and I found 206 carcasses of vertebrates, corresponding to 55 species. Reptilia was the vertebrate class with the largest number of species (23 species) and individuals (69 individuals) killed. Overall, the great number of species occurring in restinga habitats and high incidence of reptiles road killed in the route to the park, highlight the importance of actions to improve conservation in restinga habitats, which currently comprise only 21% of the total area protected by the park
Doutorado
Ecologia
Doutor em Ecologia
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Rueda, i. Torres Josep Manuel. "L'acció antròpica sobre les matèries dures animals durant el Plistocè del Nord-Est de Catalunya." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83715.
Анотація:
Estudi de diferents aprofitament antròpics de la fauna del Plistocè del Nord-Est de Catalunya des d’una perspectiva tafonòmica, de determinació faunística, de processos de formació dels dipòsits òssis (ja sigui per acció d’un carnívor, processos de desarticulació natural o per acció de l’home). L’acumulació antròpica s’estudia des de l’òptica de l’anàlisi de les modificacions òssies i es determinen els següents processos: esquarterament, desarticulació, descarnació, obtenció de medul•la i grasses i fabricació d’eines (indústria òssia). La metodologia de treball s’ha elaborat a partir de l’experimentació, la comparació bibliogràfica, tant de jaciments arqueològics com etnològics. La fitxa resultant de la metodologia aplicada és analítica i estructural. L’estudi es limita als jaciments de L’Arbreda, Mollet i Cova 120 que donen una completa visió evolutiva de les tècniques de carnisseria i fabricació d’eines òssies que van des del Paleolític mitjà a finals del superior. Com a contrapunt s’han estudiat també les modificacions òssies del jaciment vil•lafranquià. D’un antiguitat de 900.000 anys d’Incarcal V. D’aquesta manera es poden contrastar els resultats dels jaciments arqueològics. Evidentment aquest jaciment paleontològic no conserva cap vestigi d’acció humana. Tot això ha portat a poder determinar els diferents processos que han contribuït a la formació dels dipòsits òssis esmentats, els diferents mètodes de carnisseria aplicats i els processos de fabricació d’eines òssies. A partir d’aquesta informació s’han pogut establir diferents tècniques i de mètode que han pogut comparar-se amb diferents períodes culturals, establint-se una clar correlació entre canvi tècnic i canvi cultural.Estudio de los distintos aprovechamientos antrópicos de la fauna pleistocénica de la Ccatalunya N.O., desde una perspectiva tafonómica, de determinación faunística, de procesos de formación de los depósitos óseos (ya sea por acción de carnívoro, procesos de desarticulación natural o por acción del hombre). La acumulación antrópica se estudia desde la óptica del análisis de las modificaciones óseas, determinándose los siguientes procesos: despellejamiento, descuatización primaria y secundaria, desarticulación, descarnación, obtención de médula y grasas y fabricación de útiles (industria ósea). La metodología de trabajo se ha elaborado a partir de la experimentación, la comparación bibliográfica, tanto de yacimientos arqueológicos, como etnológicos. El tipo de ficha resultante de la metodología aplicada es una exhaustiva ficha analítica y estructural. El estudio se limita a los yacimientos de L’Arbreda, Mollet i i Cova 120, que nos dan una completa visión evolutiva de las técnicas de carniceria y fabricación de utillaje óseo que abarcan desde el Paleolítico Medio a finales del Superior. Como contrapunto se han estudiado tambien las modificaciones óseas del yacimiento vilafranquiense, de una antiguedad de 900.000 años de Incarcal V. De esta manera se pueden contrastar los resultados de los yacimientos arqueológicos. Evidentemente este yacimiento paleontológico no conserva, ni por asomo, ningun vestigio de acción humana. Todo ello nos ha llevado a poder determinar los distintos procesos que han contribuido a la formación de los depósitos óseos mencionados, los distintos métodos de carnicería aplicados y los procesos de fabricación de utillaje óseo. A partir de esta información hemos podido establecer diferencias técnicas y de método que han podido ser comparadas con los distintos períodos culturales, estableciéndose una clara correlación entre cambio técnico y cambio cultural.
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Khan, Bénédicte. "L'exploitation artisanale des matières dures d'origine animale au Proche-Orient entre le IIIe s. av . J.-C. et le VIIe s. apr. J.-C. : une approche techno-économique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H012.
Анотація:
Au Proche-Orient, l'os, l'ivoire, la corne et l'écaille de tortue ont été exploités pour fabriquer des objets très divers durant les époques hellénistique à byzantine. Or, alors que des objets dans ces matières sont mis au jour sur de nombreux sites, les façons dont les artisans transformaient la matière première en objet fini, de même que leur insertion dans la société à laquelle ils appartenaient, sont encore méconnus. Pour combler ces lacunes, l'étude d'assemblages provenant de contextes dits artisanaux a été réalisée suivant une approche technologique. Adaptée des travaux en Préhistoire et fondée sur le concept de technique en tant qu'action élémentaire sur la matière, cette approche, multidisciplinaire, a pour but de remettre l'artisan et son savoir-faire dans son contexte économique et social. À travers le croisement des données historiques, archéozoologiques et technologiques, nous avons ici tenté de reconstituer les rapports que l'artisan entretient non seulement avec la matière qu'il transforme, mais également avec les autres acteurs de l'exploitation des matières animales (boucher, tanneur), ainsi que sa place dans la société dans laquelle il évolueFor a period covering Hellenistic to Protobyzantine times - and beyond -, bone, horn, ivory and turtle shell were used to produce a wide variety of items in the Near East. While these items are regularly uncovered on excavation sites, the production processes, as well as the craftsman's place in Hellenistic to Protobyzantine societies, are still poorly understood. To better assess them, collections from so-called artisanal contexts were studied using a technological approach. Set up from a Prehistorian-developed method and based on the concept of the technique as an elementary action on the material, this multidisciplinary approach aims to put the craftsman and his ways of working back into the economic and social context of the society he lives in. Through the study of written, archaeozoological, and technological sources, we searched to understand the relationships not only between the craftsman and the materials he works with, but also between him and the other actors involved with animal materials, as well as to determine his place in the society he is part of
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Houmard, Claire. "Caractérisation chrono-culturelle et évolution du Paléoesquimau dans le Golfe de Foxe (Canada) : Étude typologique et technologique des industries en matières dures d’origine animale." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100074.
Анотація:
L’archéologie de l’Arctique canadien, bien qu’ayant fait une large place à certaines catégories d’objets, telles les têtes de harpon, n’a encore que peu exploité la grande richesse informative des objets en matières dures d’origine animale. Une périodisation typologique a été réalisée sur l’ensemble de la période du Paléoesquimau (~ 4000-500 B.P.), classiquement subdivisée en Prédorsétien et Dorsétien au Canada. Les pratiques techniques et économiques des Paléoesquimaux ont été abordées à partir de l’étude de six sites localisés autour du Golfe de Foxe, région centrale pour l’archéologie arctique : région d’Igloolik (Parry Hill, Lyon Hill, Jens Munk, Freuchen et Kaersut) et nord du Nunavik (Tayara). Les données typologiques et technologiques obtenues permettent de confirmer l’existence d’un continuum culturel entre Prédorsétien et Dorsétien. L’évolution des industries en matières dures d’origine animale observée, notamment au moment du passage du Prédorsétien au Dorsétien, a été interprétée en termes de changements socio-culturels. Un fait marquant serait l’apparition des têtes de harpon à logette partiellement fermée, contemporaine d’une intensification de l’exploitation du morse, témoignant de chasses désormais collectives qui auraient incité les chasseurs à séjourner désormais ensemble dans des habitations plus grandes, occupées sur de plus longues périodesThe studied ivory, bone and antler artifacts from the Canadian Arctic, only correspond to harpoon heads that served to build the Palaeo-Eskimo chronology (~ 4000-500 B.P.). To ascertain the chronological subdivision between the Pre-Dorset and Dorset cultures a typological study associated with a technological approach was performed. Palaeo-Eskimo technological and economical practices have been derived from the study of six sites located around the Foxe Basin: Igloolik region (Parry Hill, Lyon Hill, Jens Munk, Freuchen and Kaersut sites) and northern Nunavik (Tayara site). The assumption of a Pre-Dorset/Dorset continuum could be confirmed. The observed evolution of osseous industries during Palaeo-Eskimo period (and more precisely the Pre-Dorset/Dorset transition) has been interpreted in terms of socio-cultural changes. The observed technological changes (i.e. harpoon head hafting) could be associated with new patterns of raw material exploitation (diversification in the selection of materials and anatomical elements, as well as functional categories). They testify to the important socio-cultural changes (collective rather than individual hunting) already observed in the settlement patterns (aggregation of the humans in larger houses for longer time periods)
6
Houmard, Claire. "CARACTÉRISATION CHRONO-CULTURELLE ET ÉVOLUTION DU PALÉOESQUIMAU DANS LE GOLFE DE FOXE (CANADA). Étude typologique et technologique des industries en matières dures d'origine animale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28484/28484.pdf.
Анотація:
L’archéologie de l’Arctique canadien, bien qu’ayant fait une large place à certaines catégories d’objets, telles les têtes de harpon, n’a encore que peu exploité la grande richesse informative des objets en matières dures d’origine animale. Une périodisation typologique a été réalisée sur l’ensemble de la période du Paléoesquimau (~ 4000-500 B.P.), classiquement subdivisée en Prédorsétien et Dorsétien au Canada. Les pratiques techniques et économiques des Paléoesquimaux ont été abordées à partir de l’étude de six sites localisés autour du Golfe de Foxe, région centrale pour l’archéologie arctique : région d’Igloolik (Parry Hill, Lyon Hill, Jens Munk, Freuchen et Kaersut) et nord du Nunavik (Tayara). Les données typologiques et technologiques obtenues permettent de confirmer l’existence d’un continuum culturel entre Prédorsétien et Dorsétien. L’évolution des industries en matières dures d’origine animale observée, notamment au moment du passage du Prédorsétien au Dorsétien, a été interprétée en termes de changements socio-culturels. Un fait marquant serait l’apparition des têtes de harpon à logette partiellement fermée, contemporaine d’une intensification de l’exploitation du morse, témoignant de chasses désormais collectives qui auraient incité les chasseurs à séjourner désormais ensemble dans des habitations plus grandes, occupées sur de plus longues périodes.
Mots-clés : Paléoesquimau ; Arctique ; technologie ; typologie ; ivoire ; os ; bois de caribou ; CanadaThe studied ivory, bone and antler artifacts from the Canadian Arctic, only correspond to harpoon heads that served to build the Palaeo-Eskimo chronology (~ 4000-500 B.P.). To ascertain the chronological subdivision between the Pre-Dorset and Dorset cultures a typological study associated with a technological approach was performed. Palaeo-Eskimo technological and economical practices have been derived from the study of six sites located around the Foxe Basin: Igloolik region (Parry Hill, Lyon Hill, Jens Munk, Freuchen and Kaersut sites) and northern Nunavik (Tayara site). The assumption of a Pre-Dorset/Dorset continuum could be confirmed. The observed evolution of osseous industries during Palaeo-Eskimo period (and more precisely the Pre-Dorset/Dorset transition) has been interpreted in terms of socio-cultural changes. The observed technological changes (i.e. harpoon head hafting) could be associated with new patterns of raw material exploitation (diversification in the selection of materials and anatomical elements, as well as functional categories). They testify to the important socio-cultural changes (collective rather than individual hunting) already observed in the settlement patterns (aggregation of the humans in larger houses for longer time periods). Keywords: Palaeo-Eskimo culture; Arctic; Canada; technology; typology; ivory; bone; antler
7
Houmard, Claire. "Caractérisation chrono-culturelle et évolution du paléoesquimau dans le golfe de Foxe (Canada) : étude typologique et technologique des industries en matières dures d'origine animale." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23002.
Анотація:
L’archéologie de l’Arctique canadien, bien qu’ayant fait une large place à certaines catégories d’objets, telles les têtes de harpon, n’a encore que peu exploité la grande richesse informative des objets en matières dures d’origine animale. Une périodisation typologique a été réalisée sur l’ensemble de la période du Paléoesquimau (~ 4000-500 B.P.), classiquement subdivisée en Prédorsétien et Dorsétien au Canada. Les pratiques techniques et économiques des Paléoesquimaux ont été abordées à partir de l’étude de six sites localisés autour du Golfe de Foxe, région centrale pour l’archéologie arctique : région d’Igloolik (Parry Hill, Lyon Hill, Jens Munk, Freuchen et Kaersut) et nord du Nunavik (Tayara). Les données typologiques et technologiques obtenues permettent de confirmer l’existence d’un continuum culturel entre Prédorsétien et Dorsétien. L’évolution des industries en matières dures d’origine animale observée, notamment au moment du passage du Prédorsétien au Dorsétien, a été interprétée en termes de changements socio-culturels. Un fait marquant serait l’apparition des têtes de harpon à logette partiellement fermée, contemporaine d’une intensification de l’exploitation du morse, témoignant de chasses désormais collectives qui auraient incité les chasseurs à séjourner désormais ensemble dans des habitations plus grandes, occupées sur de plus longues périodes. Mots-clés : Paléoesquimau ; Arctique ; technologie ; typologie ; ivoire ; os ; bois de caribou ; CanadaThe studied ivory, bone and antler artifacts from the Canadian Arctic, only correspond to harpoon heads that served to build the Palaeo-Eskimo chronology (~ 4000-500 B.P.). To ascertain the chronological subdivision between the Pre-Dorset and Dorset cultures a typological study associated with a technological approach was performed. Palaeo-Eskimo technological and economical practices have been derived from the study of six sites located around the Foxe Basin: Igloolik region (Parry Hill, Lyon Hill, Jens Munk, Freuchen and Kaersut sites) and northern Nunavik (Tayara site). The assumption of a Pre-Dorset/Dorset continuum could be confirmed. The observed evolution of osseous industries during Palaeo-Eskimo period (and more precisely the Pre-Dorset/Dorset transition) has been interpreted in terms of socio-cultural changes. The observed technological changes (i.e. harpoon head hafting) could be associated with new patterns of raw material exploitation (diversification in the selection of materials and anatomical elements, as well as functional categories). They testify to the important socio-cultural changes (collective rather than individual hunting) already observed in the settlement patterns (aggregation of the humans in larger houses for longer time periods). Keywords: Palaeo-Eskimo culture; Arctic; Canada; technology; typology; ivory; bone; antler
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Tito, Leon Richard. "Efeitos da herbivoria na sobrevivência e reprodução de Actinocephalus polyanthus, uma espécie monocárpica de dunas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/106899.
Анотація:
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Algas e Plantas, Florianópolis, 2013.Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-05T22:40:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 320149.pdf: 2655810 bytes, checksum: 7a5a4ac969f297e6999970cb1adfc7c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Fatores bióticos e abióticos atuam sobre a interação planta-herbívoro. Estes fatores podem influenciar na frequência de ocorrência assim como na resposta da planta aos efeitos do dano causado pelos herbívoros. Tendo como foco de estudo a planta monocárpica perene (Actinocephalus polyanthus), o presente estudo teve os seguintes objetivos gerais: (1) avaliar a variação estacional de herbivoria e registrar os herbívoros associados a A. polyanthus, e (2) avaliar o efeito da herbivoria no crescimento, supervivência e sucesso reprodutivo desta planta. O estudo foi realizado no Parque Municipal das Dunas da Lagoa da Conceição, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil. Para cumprir com o primeiro objetivo, em sete parcelas permanentes de 5 m2 foi avaliada estacionalmente, por um ano, a ocorrência de plantas danificadas, porcentagem de herbivoria e registrada a ocorrência dos herbívoros. Para cumprir com o segundo objetivo, foi realizado experimentos de herbivoria simulada e complementado com tratamentos de plantas danificadas naturalmente pelos herbívoros. Os experimentos foi conduzido em blocos aleatorizados com 16 réplicas (danificados e controles) para cada tratamento. A simulação do dano mecânico foi feita, por uma única vez, varias intensidades e em diferentes fases do desenvolvimento de A. polyanthus. Nestes indivíduos, foram avaliados a sobrevivência, crescimento e produção foliar, a produção de estruturas reprodutivas e foi feita teste de germinação para as sementes produzidas. Resultados mostraram que a pressão da herbivoria sobre A. polyanthus na fase vegetativa ocorre similarmente ao longo do ano. A folivoria, mesmo intensa (até em torno de 90% de área de roseta foliar removida), não teve efeito sobre a mortalidade. As formigas cortadeiras foram os principais herbívoros de A. polyanthus na fase vegetativa, contudo, na fase reprodutiva foram as lagartas que danificam os capítulos. Os indivíduos que reproduziram sincronicamente (na primavera) tiveram maiores probabilidades de escape do ataque dos herbívoros consumidores de estruturas reprodutivas. Em relação ao crescimento, sobrevivência e sucesso reprodutivo das plantas danificadas, dependendo da intensidade de herbivoria que ocorre em determinada fase do desenvolvimento da planta e danificado determinadas estruturas da planta, encontrou-se que o efeito da herbivoria na planta pode ser fatal (morte da planta) ou a planta pode responder compensando insuficientemente, efetivamente ou a pode até sobrecompensar. Actinocephalus polyanthus mostrou ser tolerante ao dano foliar na fase vegetativa, ainda sobrecompensando, mas esta tolerância vai diminuindo à medida que avança o desenvolvimento da planta até que na fase de floração a tolerância é mínima ou nula.
Abstract : Biotic and abiotic factors acting on the plant-herbivore interaction. These factors may influence the frequency of occurrence as well as in plant response to the effects of damage caused by herbivores. Focusing on the study of plant monocarpic perennial (Actinocephalus polyanthus), the present study has the following general objectives: (1) assess the seasonal variation of herbivory and record herbivores associated with A. polyanthus, and (2) assess the effect of herbivory on growth, survival and reproductive success of the plant. The study was conducted in the Parque Municipal das Dunas Lagoa da Conceição, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. To meet the first objective, in seven permanent plots of 5 m2 was assessed seasonally for one year, the incidence of damaged plants, percentage of herbivory and recorded the occurrence of herbivores. To meet the second objective, was performed experiments simulated herbivory and complemented with plants naturally damaged by herbivores. The experiment was conducted in randomized block with 16 replicas (damaged and controls) for each treatment. The simulation of the mechanical damage was done, for once, various intensities and at different stages of development of A. polyanthus. The subjects were assessed for survival, leaf growth and production, the reproductive structures production and was made the germination test for seeds produced. Results showed that the pressure of herbivory on vegetative A. polyanthus occurs the similarly throughout the year. The folivory even intense (up to around 90% rosette leaf area removed), had no effect on mortality. The ants were the main herbivores of A. polyanthus in the vegetative phase, however, the reproductive phase were caterpillars that damage inflorescences. Individuals who reproduce synchronously (in the spring) were more likely to escape from herbivores consumers of reproductive structures. With regard to growth, survival and reproductive success of damaged plants depending on the intensity herbivory occurs at a certain stage of plant development and plant damaged certain structures, it was found that the effect of the plant herbivore may be fatal (death plant) or the plant may respond with undercompensation, full compensation or may even overcompensate. Actinocephalus polyanthus proved to be tolerant to leaf damage in the vegetative stage, even overcompensating, but this tolerance decreases as it advances the development of the plant until the flowering stage tolerance is minimal or nil.
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Igoudjil, Anissa. "Effets métaboliques de la stavudine chez la souris : mise en évidence de mécanismes indépendants d'une altération de la chaîne respiratoire mitochondriale." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077226.
Анотація:
Les analogues nucléosidiques (NUC) tels que la zidovudine (AZT) et la stavudine (d4T) sont des médicaments importants dans le traitement de l'infection par le VIH. Malheureusement, leur utilisation est assombrie par l'existence d'effets secondaires tels que stéatose hépatique, myopathie et lipodystrophie. Ces effets secondaires pourraient être liés à une toxicité mitochondriale des NUC, par inhibition de la réplication de l'ADN mitochondrial (ADNmt). Cependant, les NUC semblent également avoir des effets mitochondriaux et métaboliques indépendamment d'une depletion de l'ADNmt. Des travaux antérieurs réalisés au laboratoire ont montré de façon inattendue que l'administration de 100 mg/kg/j de d4T ou d'AZT chez la souris était susceptible de stimuler l'oxydation des acides gras (OAG) dans le foie. Mes travaux de thèse ont visé à poursuivre les investigations sur l'AZT et le d4T. Dans une 1ere étude, la stimulation de l'OAG hépatique était associée à une diminution de la masse grasse (MG) chez la souris. Dans une 2ème étude, nous avons observé qu'une augmentation de la-dose de d4T (500 mg/kg/j) pouvait aggraver la perte de MG, alors que l'OAG hépatique était inhibée. Nos résultats indiquent que les effets métaboliques des analogues de la thymidine sont complexes et peuvent être indépendants d'une depletion de l'ADNmt. Ils suggèrent aussi que la toxicité précoce du d4T est dépendante de la dose, et que la lipoatrophie pourrait avoir indirectement des effets délétères sur le foie. Nous espérons que nos travaux participeront à une meilleure compréhension de la physiopathologie des lipoatrophies et des stéatoses induites par les NUCNucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) such as stavudine (d4T) and zidovudine (AZT) are antiretroviral drugs frequently used in HIV-infected patients. In some patients these drugs can unfortunately induce different side effects as hepatic steatosis, myopathy and lipodystrophy. Although it is widely acknowledged that NRTI are toxic for the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the respiratory chain, other mechanisms seem to be involved. Recently, we reported that 100 mg/kg/d of d4T and AZT (two thymidine analogs) stimulated fatty acid oxidation (PAO) in mouse liver. The aim of the investigations was to complete the study on AZT and d4T, in order to study the consequences of this PAO stimulation. In a first study, hepatic PAO stimulation was associated with fat wasting in mice treated with d4T and AZT 100mg/kg/j. In a second study, higher d4T doses (500 mg/kg/j) reduced further adiposity, while hepatic PAO was inhibited. Our results indicate that metabolic effects of thymidine analogues are difficult to understand and can be independent of mtDNA depletion. Moreover, d4T effects are dependent of the dose, and fat wasting could have indirect liver toxic effects. We hope that our results will help to prevent some NRTI-induced side effects and will prove useful to gain an insight into the physiopathology of these drug-induced mitochondrial diseases
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Zilio, Felipe [UNESP]. "Estudo do nicho ecológico de duas aves de rapina (Falco sparverius e Athene cunicularia) em uma região de dunas do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99494.
Анотація:
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zilio_f_me_rcla.pdf: 677952 bytes, checksum: 730aacd8d898fa3703faa38025012043 (MD5)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Duas espécies só podem coexistir durante um longo período de tempo se diferirem em alguns aspectos ecológicos. Essas são premissas do conceito de nicho ecológico de uma espécie. Falco sparverius e Athene cunicularia são aves de rapina de ocorrência comum na maioria da região neotropical. Usualmente encontradas em simpatria, ocorrem em ambientes abertos, com pouca vegetação e apresentam uma dieta similar, baseada em insetos, e comportamentos de caça semelhantes. Os ambientes costeiros do Rio Grande do Sul são sistemas frágeis, protegidos pela legislação nacional e pouco estudados. Os objetivos deste estudo são analisar como estas espécies segregam ecologicamente no ambiente em questão, avaliando as dimensões trófica, espacial e temporal de nicho. Adicionalmente, objetiva-se contribuir para o conhecimento da ecologia destas espécies. Entre março/2000 e janeiro/2004 foram realizadas 31 excursões mensais à área de estudo quando se coletaram pelotas de regurgitação e restos de presas. Realizaram-se ainda observações de captura de presas, análise de comportamento circadiano e uso de hábitat de F. sparverius e A. cunicularia. Corroborando outros estudos, ambas espécies mostraram-se predadores generalistas e oportunistas, consumindo predominantemente invertebrados, com baixo consumo de vertebrados, havendo, aparentemente, variação sazonal na dieta.
Two species can coexist during a long time period only if both differ in some ecological aspect. This is a premise of the ecological niche theory. Falco sparverius and Athene cunicularia are two most common raptors in the neotropical region. Usually sympatric, these species inhabit open countries, with few vegetation and have similar diets, including mainly insects, and similar foraging behaviors. The coastal habitats of Rio Grande do Sul are fragile and poorly studied ecosystems under Brazilian legislation protection. This study aims to analyze how these species segregate themselves in coastal habitats by investigating the trophic, spatial and temporal niche dimensions. Additionally, it is our intention to contribute to knowledge of the ecology of these species. Between March/2000 and January/2004, 31 monthly field expeditions were conducted to the study area during which pellets and prey remains were collected. Further, captures attempts were recorded and daily behavior and foraging habitat use of the F. sparverius and A. cunicularia were analyzed. Corroborating previous studies, both species showed to be generalist and opportunist predators, eating mainly invertebrates, with little vertebrate consumption, having, apparently, seasonal variation in their diet.
Книги з теми "Animaux des dunes":
1
Lefrançois, Viateur. Chevaux des dunes: Le trésor de l'Acadien. Montréal: Éditions du Phoenix, 2007.
2
Dukes, H. H. Dukes' physiology of domestic animals. Ithaca: Comstock Pub. Associates, 2004.
3
Dukes, H. H. Dukes' physiology of domestic animals. Ithaca: Comstock, 1993.
4
Whitaker, John O. Mammals of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, 1994.
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Whitaker, John O. Mammals of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, 1994.
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Whitaker, John O. Mammals of Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, 1994.
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Makela, Paul D. Burley District tiger beetle inventory. Boise, Idaho: Bureau of Land Management, Idaho State Office, 1994.
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Ulrike, Rohde, ed. Die Sandhausener Dünen: Naturkundliche Beiträge zu den Naturschutzgebieten "Pferdstrieb" und "Pflege Schönau-Galgenbuckel". Karlsruhe: Landesanstalt für Umweltschutz Baden-Württemberg, 1994.
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1, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region. Environmental assessment: Lanphere Dunes Unit : Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge, Humboldt County, California. Portland, Or: The Service, 1997.
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1, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region. Environmental assessment: Lanphere Dunes Unit : Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge, Humboldt County, California. Portland, Or: The Service, 1997.
Частини книг з теми "Animaux des dunes":
1
Ojo, Ochuko Mary. "Daily and Cumulative Biogas Yields from Selected Animal Dungs." In Bioenergy and Biochemical Processing Technologies, 37–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96721-5_4.
2
Baeyens, G., and M. L. Martínez. "Animal Life on Coatal Dunes: From Exploitation and Prosecution to Protection and Monitoring." In Ecological Studies, 279–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74002-5_17.
3
Taddei, Elena. "Animals as Agents of Networking and Cultural Transfer: The Dukes of Ferrara and their Relations to German Courts in the Sixteenth Century." In Animals and Courts, edited by Mark Hengerer and Nadir Weber, 79–92. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110544794-005.
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Duveau, Jérémy, Gilles Berillon, and Christine Verna. "On the Tracks of Neandertals: The Ichnological Assemblage from Le Rozel (Normandy, France)." In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 183–200. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_11.
Анотація:
AbstractHominin tracks represent a unique window into moments in the life of extinct individuals. They can provide biological and locomotor data that are not accessible from skeletal remains. However, these tracks are relatively scarce in the fossil record, particularly those attributed to Neandertals. They are also most often devoid of associated archaeological material, which limits their interpretation. The Palaeolithic site of Le Rozel (Normandy, France) located in a dune complex formed during the Upper Pleistocene has yielded between 2012 and 2017 several hundred tracks (257 hominin footprints, 8 handprints as well as 6 animal tracks). This ichnological assemblage is distributed within five stratigraphic subunits dated to 80,000 years. These subunits are rich in archaeological material that attests to brief occupations by Neandertal groups and provides information about the activities that they carried out. The ichnological assemblage discovered at Le Rozel is the largest attributed to Neandertals to date and more generally the most important for hominin taxa other than Homo sapiens. The particularly large number of footprints can provide major information for our understanding of the Palaeolithic occupations at Le Rozel and for our knowledge of the composition of Neandertal groups.
5
Maun, M. Anwar. "Animal–plant interactions." In The Biology of Coastal Sand Dunes. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570356.003.0015.
Анотація:
Population dynamics of plant species of coastal sand dunes is influenced directly, both above and below the soil surface, by a wide variety of organisms. Plants serve as sources of carbon and pathogens including viruses, insects, bacteria, fungi, birds, and mammals of various kinds. Some enhance plant performance while others have deleterious effects. Positive interactions include pollination of flowers by useful insects in return for nectar and pollen, nutrient acquisition from soil by mycorrhizal fungi in exchange for carbon and acquiring nitrogen (N) from N-fixing bacteria. In the history of co-evolution between plants and organisms over one hundred million years plants have developed many mechanisms to defend themselves from pathogens. Morphology may be altered by producing epicuticular waxes, developing trichomes over leaves, producing tough leaves with deposition of celluloses, lignin, suberin and callose, developing thorns on stems and branches or producing secondary plant metabolites that retard development, intoxicate or kill herbivorous insects. Herbivory may induce a plant to produce chemicals that signal to advertise the presence of insects feeding on them and attract parasites to reduce their numbers. Phenological escape is also employed, such as delay of leaf expansion during periods of insect abundance. Some indirect mechanisms of plant defence involve the use of insects such as ants for protection from other phytophagous insects. However, the predators have also evolved the ability to break down the defence mechanisms of the plant. For example, they may use phytochemicals for their own defence or as olfactory clues for feeding. In this chapter a brief account of organisms of the coastal dune communities, including species of the intertidal zone, scavengers of the sea coast, reptiles, birds, insects, mammals and their possible interactions with terrestrial vegetation is presented. For biological organisms of the seashore the intertidal zone is the most important for food and shelter. The sand-dwelling species of the seashore must be able to contend with four limiting factors: (i) rush of water from the approaching or receding high tide and pounding breakers, (ii) low salinity of the top surface of sand (iii) desiccation of surface by high winds and sunshine and (iv) extreme changes in temperature of topsoil.
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Kock, Michael D., Gary R. Mullins, and Jeremy S. Perkins. "Wildlife Health, Ecosystems, and Rural Livelihoods in Botswana." In Conservation medicine, 265–75. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195150933.003.0020.
Анотація:
Abstract Botswana has a wealth of biogeographical habitats, ranging from swamps to sand dunes, allowing for great diversity in its native animal population. The economic importance of livestock, both to rural livelihoods and to foreign exchange earnings, has precipitated the implementation of strict veterinary disease control measures. Vaccination, movement control, test and slaughter, blanket slaughter, and aerial spraying are methods of animal disease control that have been utilized over the past 40 years.
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Bouchard, Constance Brittain. "Peasants, Property, and Payments." In Negotiation and Resistance, 53–73. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501766572.003.0003.
Анотація:
This chapter discusses the nature of peasant dues and obligations, including the extent to which these were negotiated. Whether serf or free tenant, peasants were highly valuable. The inherent value of peasants to medieval society lies in the fact that they were the ones who cleared the land, pastured the animals, and grew the food. Without them, townspeople, lords, ecclesiastics, and their households either would not have had anything to eat or would have had to produce it themselves. Indeed, agricultural land would have been worthless without peasant labor. Peasants produced food for their own families, sold food to the population of the growing towns, and, through their rents and dues, supported their lords. The peasants themselves recognized how necessary they were. They were able to use turning points, such as the donation of the land on which they lived to a monastery, to negotiate for better conditions or reduced payments, or at least for consistency in their dues in the future.
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"Utrum Haec Sit Vera: Caesar Est Homo, Caesar Est Animal, Caesare Non Existente. Zum Peri-Hermeneias-Kommentar des Johannes Duns Scotus." In John Duns Scotus, 393–412. BRILL, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004452046_023.
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"Prudence by Analogy (Giles of Rome, John Duns Scotus)." In Animal Rationality, 199–202. BRILL, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004363779_036.
10
Maun, M. Anwar. "Plant communities." In The Biology of Coastal Sand Dunes. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570356.003.0016.
Анотація:
Plant communities of the dune complex are a result of interaction between tolerance of plant species and sandy substrate, high wind velocities, salt spray, sand accretion and environmental heterogeneity. Propagules of many plant species are dispersed by water currents and deposited on the driftline. Most of these species find ideal conditions for germination but seedling establishment, growth and reproduction is denied to all but a few species with ecological amplitude sufficient to withstand the physical stresses associated with sand accretion, erosion and sandblasting in the highly disturbed environment. The distinct differences between habitats from the water´s edge to the inland grass-forest ecotone leads eventually to the establishment of ecologically distinct communities consisting of both plants and animals. The distinction is caused by sharp differences in the physical environment that may create sharp zones with abrupt or gradual blending of the two community types. In some locations these zones are relatively stable for long periods before any visible change occurs in the community depending on the recession of the shoreline, availability of new bare areas and the advance of communities towards the sea coast. The occurrence of plant communities in zones has been documented along sea coasts worldwide. This chapter examines the plant communities of the sand dune complex along seashores of the world. The following information has been assembled from Doing (1985), Dry coastal ecosystems Vol. 2 A, B, C, edited by Eddy van der Maarel (1993), Doody (1991) and Thannheiser (1984). It presents data on plant communities and ecology of each zone from various parts of the world. The species complement in the ´foredune complex´ in tropical, temperate and other regions around the world may be different, but their response to the prevailing environmental stresses of foredunes is convergent. In different world regions the boundaries between vegetation zones of the sand dune complex may not be defined sharply because of climatic variability, geographic location, physiography of the dune system and other factors peculiar to each location. Usually three to six different plant assemblages have been identified on the dune complex along sea coasts and lakeshores. A brief description of vegetation and ecological traits of species in each zone are presented below.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Animaux des dunes":
1
Carvalho, Braulio Fernandes de, and Gustavo Nogueira Barreto. "DESAFIOS AO USO SUSTENTÁVEL DA ARIE DA LAGOA DO PORTINHO, NO LITORAL DO PIAUÍ." In I Congresso Brasileiro de Especialidades Biológicas On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/2652.
Анотація:
Introdução: A Lagoa do Portinho é uma Área de Relevante Interesse Ecológico (ARIE) criada pelo decreto estadual 18346 (08/07/2019), no território de Parnaíba e Luís Correia, ambos no litoral piauiense. É uma Unidade de Conservação de uso sustentável, com a finalidade de conservar ecossistemas naturais de restinga, dunas e lagoas. O local contava com complexo de bares, em sua maioria soterrado pelas dunas, e a lagoa ficou seca por anos. Com o retorno das águas, retornaram os turistas e visitantes. Objetivos: Identificar impactos negativos atuais do uso da ARIE da Lagoa do Portinho sobre o ambiente e a flora e a fauna nativas. Material e Métodos: fizeram-se visitas de campo e análise de imagens de satélite (Google Earth Pro), de janeiro a agosto de 2021. Resultados: Observou-se o tráfego de veículos motorizados na área das dunas, bem como a presença de animais herbívoros exóticos, soltos ou sob pastoreio, que dificultam a fixação de vegetação nativa sobre as dunas, área naturalmente hostil a maioria dos vegetais. A fixação prejudicada das dunas favorece o avanço acelerado destas sobre a pista, a lagoa e a vegetação de capoeira, onde se observam exemplares de diversas espécies, tais como: Jatobá-do-cerrado (Hymenaea sp.), Juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro), Catingueira (Cenostigma pyramidale), Cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale), Cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica) e Copaíba (Copaifera martii). Ademais o tráfego de veículos motorizados pode oferecer risco aos ninhos de aves que nidificam no chão, como Corujas-buraqueiras (Athene cunicularia) e Quero-queros (Vanellus chilensis), bem como as que se alimentam na margem, a exemplo da Garça-branca-pequena (Egretta thula) prejudicando ainda a prática de observação ornitológica. Conclusão: Para que o uso da ARIE seja sustentável de fato, é necessário planejamento para evitar danos à vida silvestre e a paisagem. Dessa forma, recomenda-se a demarcação de rotas fixas para veículos, como o feito nas dunas de Caucaia-CE. Além disso, deve-se cercar as áreas críticas, para evitar a herbivoria pelo gado, e o favorecimento da sucessão ecológica, resultando na fixação das dunas. Fazem-se necessários planejamento, investimento e fiscalização para manter conservada a ARIE da Lagoa do Portinho e garantir o desenvolvimento turístico a longo prazo.
2
Woch, Marcin Wiktor, Paweł Kapusta, Małgorzata Stanek, Irena Grześ, Elżbieta Rożej-Pabijan, and Anna Monika Stefanowicz. "Invasive Rosa rugosa Reduces the Species Richness of Yellow Dune Vegetation and Causes a Shift in the Species Composition of Grey Dune Vegetation." In The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Diversity (IECD 2022)—New Insights into the Biodiversity of Plants, Animals and Microbes. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecd2022-12414.
3
Nachbaur, Lucas Andrade, and Tiago Pinheiro De Souza. "DIVERSIDADE FAUNÍSTICA DE SERRAPILHEIRA NA ÁREA DE USO PÚBLICO DO PARQUE ESTADUAL DUNAS DE NATAL/RN." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências Biológicas On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1267.
Анотація:
Introdução: a Mata Atlântica é um bioma heterogêneo contrastado por diferentes fitofisionomias localizada ao leste da América do Sul, muito explorada durante a época da colonização portuguesa para extração de seus recursos naturais, reduzindo drasticamente grande parte de sua área e sendo um dos biomas mais ameaçados do Brasil. Notável pelo seu alto índice de endemismo, rica biodiversidade e interações ecológicas específicas. Muitas das espécies encontradas nos remanescentes desse bioma, em especial artrópodes e vertebrados escamados, são fundamentais para a dinâmica e funcionamento de diferentes ecossistemas que ocupam, sendo a fauna da serapilheira, ou folhiço, um componente vital dessa diversidade, pois participam ativamente dos processos biológicos que acarretam em sua formação. Objetivos: o trabalho teve como objetivo fundamentais identificar e inventariar espécies não atribuídas ao parque e aumentar a percepção do público a respeito de sua importância em um parque urbano em declínio. Materiais e métodos: o presente estudo foi desenvolvido na área de uso público do Parque das Dunas, remanescente de Floresta Atlântica localizado em Natal no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte durante os meses de setembro a outubro de 2020, a partir da metodologia combinada de armadilhas de interceptação e queda e de busca ativa, utilizando recipientes reciclados instalados em três unidades amostrais distinguidas através de fitas, remexendo o folhiço utilizando-se luvas e pás, além da uso de potes coletores e tubos tipo Eppendorf para armazenar os animais, a identificação dos mesmos foi realizada através de consultas em sites, acervos científicos e coleções virtuais. Resultados: a metodologia empregada resultou na identificação de 91 espécies de vertebrados e invertebrados inventariados em uma tabela, registros fotográficos dos espécimes encontrados realizados na área de estudo, bem como um gráfico detalhando a riqueza faunística por grupo taxonômico, evidenciando que as ordens Araneae, Hymenoptera e Coleoptera foram as mais diversas do local. Conclusão: a baixa precipitação e a pressão antrópica na região foram fatores que influenciaram diretamente na obtenção dos resultados obtidos e forneceram dados significativos na identificação dos indivíduos coletados durante a pesquisa, contribuindo, portanto, para o vigor científico de um dos biomas mais ameaçados do país.