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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Ancient wheat"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Ancient wheat"

Malalgoda, Ohm, and Simsek. "Celiac Antigenicity of Ancient Wheat Species." Foods 8, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8120675.

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Ancient grains have gained renewed interest in the last few years due to their perceived nutritional benefits. The goal of this study was to examine the presence of celiac epitopes in different ancient grains and determine differences in the gliadin protein profile of such grains. To investigate celiac epitopes, an untargeted mass spectrometric method was used, and the gliadin protein profile was studied using reverse phase-HPLC. Our findings show that celiac epitopes can be detected in wheat-related ancient grains, such as einkorn, emmer, and Kamut, indicating that these ancient grains have the potential to elicit the immune response associated with celiac disease. Additionally, the results showed that the gliadin protein composition is significantly different between ancient grain species, which could result in varying functional properties in end-use applications.

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Csákvári, Edina, Melinda Halassy, Attila Enyedi, Ferenc Gyulai, and József Berke. "Is Einkorn Wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) a Better Choice than Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)? Wheat Quality Estimation for Sustainable Agriculture Using Vision-Based Digital Image Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 29, 2021): 12005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112005.

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Einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum) plays an increasingly important role in agriculture, promoted by organic farming. Although the number of comparative studies about modern and ancient types of wheats is increasing, there are still some knowledge gaps about the nutritional and health benefit differences between ancient and modern bread wheats. The aim of the present study was to compare ancient, traditional and modern wheat cultivars—including a field study and a laboratory stress experiment using vision-based digital image analysis—and to assess the feasibility of imaging techniques. Our study shows that modern winter wheat had better yield and grain quality compared to einkorn wheats, but the latter were not far behind; thus the cultivation of various species could provide a diverse and sustainable agriculture which contributes to higher agrobiodiversity. The results also demonstrate that digital image analysis could be a viable alternate method for the real-time estimation of aboveground biomass and for predicting yield and grain quality parameters. Digital area outperformed other digital variables in biomass prediction in relation to drought stress, but height and Feret’s diameter better correlated with yield and grain quality parameters. Based on these results we suggest that the combination of various vision-based methods could improve the performance estimation of modern and ancient types of wheat in a non-destructive and real-time manner.

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Nocente, Francesca, Elena Galassi, Federica Taddei, Chiara Natale, and Laura Gazza. "Ancient Caucasian Wheats: A Contribution for Sustainable Diets and Food Diversity." Foods 11, no. 9 (April 21, 2022): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11091209.

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Through the centuries, the domestication and modern breeding of wheat led to a significant loss of genetic variation in the cultivated gene pool with a consequent decrease in food diversity. Current trends towards low-input and sustainable agriculture call for the revitalization and exploitation of ancient wheats, which represent a reservoir of biodiversity useful to ensure sustainable wheat production in the context of climate change and low-input farming systems. Ancient Caucasian wheat species, such as the hulled wheats Triticum timopheevii (tetraploid AuAuGG) and Triticum zhukovskyi (hexaploid AuAuAmAmGG), are still grown to a limited extent in the Caucasus for the production of traditional foods. These Caucasian wheats were grown in Italy and were analyzed for physical, nutritional and technological characteristics and compared to durum wheat. Both Caucasian species revealed a high protein content (on average 18.5%) associated with a low gluten index, mainly in T. zhukovskyi, and test weight values comparable to commercial wheats. The total antioxidant capacity was revealed to be the double of that in durum wheat, suggesting the use of ancient Caucasian wheats for the production of healthy foods. Finally, the technological and rheological results indicated that Caucasian wheats could be potential raw material for the formulation of flat breads, biscuits and pasta.

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Škrobot, Dubravka, Tamara Dapčević-Hadnađev, Jelena Tomić, Nikola Maravić, Nikola Popović, Pavle Jovanov, and Miroslav Hadnađev. "Techno-Functional Performance of Emmer, Spelt and Khorasan in Spontaneously Fermented Sourdough Bread." Foods 11, no. 23 (December 5, 2022): 3927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11233927.

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The aim of this study was to test the suitability of three different ancient wheat varieties (emmer, spelt and khorasan) to produce spontaneously fermented sourdough bread and to evaluate the impact on the dough rheological properties, ultrastructure and baking quality. Modern wheat sourdough bread and bakery yeast fermented bread were used as controls. Sourdoughs produced from modern and ancient wheats exerted different effects on dough viscoelastic properties, bread specific volume, texture, firming rate, colour and sensory properties, while there was no influence on bread water activity. Both khorasan sourdough, being characterised with the highest dough strength and dense gluten protein matrix, and emmer sourdough, with loose and thin gluten strands of low strength, yielded breads characterised by low specific volume and hard crumb texture. Spelt and modern wheat sourdough were characterised by foam-like dough structures with entrapped gas cells leading to breads of similar specific volume and texture. Although the yeast-fermented wheat flour exerted a higher specific volume and the lowest firmness, the sourdough wheat flour bread had a lower firming rate. A comparison of sourdough bread prepared with modern and ancient wheats revealed that breads based on ancient varieties possess a less noticeable sour taste, odour and flavour, thus contributing to more sensory-appealing sourdough bread.

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Fu, Hao, and N. P. Goncharov. "Endemic wheats of China as resources for breeding." Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources), no. 25 (2019): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36814/pgr.2019.25.01.

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Aim. To present the wheat endemics of China as source material for breeding and historical heritage. Results and Discussion. Wheat in China is the second most widely distributed cereal crop after rice. It is cultivated in China from the extreme northern border to the southern one, at altitudes from 154 m below sea level to 4450 m above sea level. The Chinian wheat is originated from South-West and West Asia and has a history of more than 2.8 thousand years. Since ancient times, the wheat species have been grown in China: bread (Triticum aestivum L.), compactum (T. compactum Host), polonicum (T. polonicum L.), turgidum (T. turgidum L.), durum (T. durum Desf.), turanian (T. turanicum Jakubz.). The Chinese ancient bread wheats are of interest for breeders because presence among them of early ripening, multi-flowering with the grain number in a spikelet up to 7-8 and in the ear up to 90-100, drought and winter hardy, resistant to powdery mildew and leaf rust; forms with good crossability with rye and Aegilops species. Among the endemic Chinese wheat, an important place belongs to the Chinese Spring variety which played an outstanding role in wheat genetics; super dwarfs Tom Pouce and Tibetan Dwarf; three-grain wheat, in which 3 grains are formed in one flower; Charklyk ancient wheat – a boneless form of polonicum wheat; dwarf blue wheat turgidum – with a strong waxy coating; Taigu-Male-Sterile Wheat – with gene male sterility; a wheats having species and subspecies status: wheat of Petropavlovskyi – Triticum petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch.; Tibetan wheat – T. spelta L. ssp. tibetanum (Shao) N.P. Gontsch comb. nov .; Yunnan wheat – T. spelta L. ssp. yunnanse (King ex S.L. Chen) N.P. Gontsch comb. nov. The origin and genetic characteristics of China's endemic wheats are discussed. Conclusions. China's wheat endemics need careful study and conservation as a reserve of valuable genes and their complexes for breeding, and as an embodiment of the history, culture, talent and work of the people who created them, and an integral part of human cultural heritage.

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Pourazari, F., G. Vico, P. Ehsanzadeh, and M. Weih. "Contrasting growth pattern and nitrogen economy in ancient and modern wheat varieties." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 95, no. 5 (September 2015): 851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-260.

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Pourazari, F., Vico, G., Ehsanzadeh, P. and Weih, M. 2015. Contrasting growth pattern and nitrogen economy in ancient and modern wheat varieties. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 851–860. Nutrient availability, especially nitrogen (N) availability, is a limiting factor for crop production in many regions of the world. Modern crop varieties often produce high yields under high resource availability, whereas ancient varieties are expected to have characteristics more suitable under low resource availability. To test this expectation, we compared the growth and N use efficiency (NUE) of some varieties of ancient hulled wheat, Triticum turgidum spp. dicoccum, and modern free-threshing wheat, T. aestivum and T. turgidum spp. durum. The wheats were grown under different nutrient fertilization (F) levels in two contrasting environments (field in Iran and outdoor growth container in Sweden). Grain yield was significantly higher in modern varieties than in ancient varieties, regardless of fertilization level. In contrast, N uptake efficiency (i.e., mean N in the plant during the main growth period over N in the initial seed grain) and grain N concentration were generally higher in the ancient varieties. Nitrogen use efficiency, defined as the ratio of the grain N content to the sown seed N content, was higher in the ancient varieties only at lower nutrient supply, because in modern varieties higher nutrient supply resulted in a marked increase in NUE through greatly enhanced grain-specific N efficiency (grain yield per mean plant N content during the main growth period). The modern varieties also showed greater fertilization responses in above-ground biomass and leaf area than ancient varieties. The results are relevant in the context of wheat breeding for nutrient use efficiency.

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Spisni, Enzo, Veronica Imbesi, Elisabetta Giovanardi, Giovannamaria Petrocelli, Patrizia Alvisi, and Maria Chiara Valerii. "Differential Physiological Responses Elicited by Ancient and Heritage Wheat Cultivars Compared to Modern Ones." Nutrients 11, no. 12 (November 26, 2019): 2879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11122879.

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Although ancient, heritage, and modern wheat varieties appear rather similar from a nutritional point of view, having a similar gluten content and a comparable toxicity linked to their undigested gluten peptide, whenever the role of ancient end heritage wheat grains has been investigated in animal studies or in clinical trials, more anti-inflammatory effects have been associated with the older wheat varieties. This review provides a critical overview of existing data on the differential physiological responses that could be elicited in the human body by ancient and heritage grains compared to modern ones. The methodology used was that of analyzing the results of relevant studies conducted from 2010 through PubMed search, by using as keywords “ancient or heritage wheat”, “immune wheat” (protein or peptides), and immune gluten (protein or peptides). Our conclusion is that, even if we do not know exactly which molecular mechanisms are involved, ancient and heritage wheat varieties have different anti-inflammatory and antioxidant proprieties with respect to modern cultivars. It is, therefore, reasonable to assume that the health proprieties attributed to older cultivars could be related to wheat components which have positive roles in the modulation of intestinal inflammation and/or permeability.

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Nuzhnaya, T. V., S. V. Veselova, G. F. Burkhanova, and I. V. Maksimov. "Primary search for new sources of effective resistance in representatives of the genus Triticum L. against Stagonospora nodorum Berk." Biomics 14, no. 3 (2022): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2022-17.

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In the last decade, works have appeared that propose the use of wheat susceptibility genes to the pathogen Stagonospora nodorum Berk. (Snn) as molecular markers for marker-based selection. Relationships in the pathosystem "wheat - S. nodorum" are carried out according to the "gene-for-gene" type in mirror image, i.e. the interaction of necrotrophic effectors of the fungus SnTox with the products of host susceptibility genes Snn leads to the development of the disease. The work studied the interactions of SnToxA-Tsn1 and SnTox1-Snn1, which play an important role in the development of Septoria nodorum blotch in soft and hard wheats. Using gene-specific primers for the Tsn1 and Snn1 susceptibility genes, PCR diagnostics of samples of polyploid wheat species of the genus Triticum and ancient varieties of T. aestivum from the PGR VIR collection for resistance to Stagonospora nodorum was carried out. Both dominant alleles of the Tsn1 and Snn1 genes were found in the tetraploid wheat T. durum x-46 and two ancient spring cultivars Selkirk and Salamouni. The dominant allele of the Snn1 gene was found in four studied ancient varieties of common wheat of winter and spring types of development. Primary screening of 12 accessions from the PGR VIR collection revealed two resistant accessions among tetraploid wheat species T. militinae k-59942 and T. timopheevii k-58666 and three resistant varieties of hexaploid wheat T. aestivum with winter development type Mironovskaya 808, Amelio and Susquehanna. These accessions are a promising source for gene introgression into cultivated wheats and material for breeding new wheat varieties.

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Cooper, Raymond. "Re-discovering ancient wheat varieties as functional foods." Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 5, no. 3 (July 2015): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2015.02.004.

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Biel, Wioletta, Anna Jaroszewska, Sławomir Stankowski, Magdalena Sobolewska, and Jagoda Kępińska-Pacelik. "Comparison of yield, chemical composition and farinograph properties of common and ancient wheat grains." European Food Research and Technology 247, no. 6 (March 29, 2021): 1525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217-021-03729-7.

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AbstractThe chemical composition of 4 spring wheat species was analyzed: einkorn (Triticum monococcum) (local cv.), emmer (Triticum dicoccon) (Lamella cv.), spelt (Triticum spelta) (Wirtas cv.), and common wheat (Triticum aestivum) (Rospuda cv.). Mean emmer and einkorn yield was significantly lower than that of common wheat. The analyses of the wheat grain included the content of total protein, crude ash, crude fat, crude fibre, carbohydrates, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. The grains of the tested ancient wheats were richer in protein, lipids, crude fibre, and crude ash than the common wheat grains. The significantly highest levels of crude protein, ether extract, and crude ash were found in einkorn. As the protein concentration in the grain increased, the calcium, magnesium, and potassium levels increased, and the zinc and manganese levels decreased. Genotypic differences between the studied wheats were reflected in the concentrations of the minerals and nutrients, an observation which can be useful in further cross-linkage studies. Dough made from common wheat and spelt flour showed better performance quality classifying it to be used for bread production. In turn, flour from emmer and einkorn wheat may be intended for pastry products, due to short dough development time and constancy as well as high softening.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Ancient wheat"

Parmar, Anisha. "Exploiting resource use efficiency and resilience in ancient wheat species." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14515/.

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Modern bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) initially derived from wild progenitors which underwent hybridisation and domestication events. It is hypothesised that modern plant breeding has reduced the genetic variation among modern cultivars (Sparkes, 2010). Ancient wheat species form a conduit between wild ancient wheat and cultivated Triticum species, and may harbour the genetic variation required to supplement the modern bread wheat gene pool. The current work investigated a range of morphological and physiological aspects of several ancient species including several representatives of spelt, emmer and einkorn. These were compared to modern bread wheat in two field and three glasshouse experiments with the aim to investigate their resource use efficiency, where radiation use and water use formed the crux. The main components of the current work relate to 1) canopy interception characteristics 2) leaf photosynthetic capabilities and 3) water use. Spelt genotypes demonstrated increased WUE and green area longevity compared with modern bread wheat. Emmer displayed increased WUE, assessed on three scales using instantaneous transpiration efficiency (ITE), biomass to water uptake ratios, and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C). In addition, the mechanisms whereby emmer, einkorn and spelt maintained ITE appeared to differ. Emmer was observed to increase photosynthetic rates, whereas spelt maintained low transpiration as a result of low stomatal conductance. Einkorn however, maintained ITE through an intermediate of both of these mechanisms. This was further supported by species differences for maximum photosynthetic rates (Asat) which, for emmer and einkorn, were comparable with modern bread wheat. Investigation of WUE through Δ13C and biomass production to water uptake ratios ranked species similarly, showing emmer and spelt to have superior WUE during grain filling. Additionally, spelt was observed to produce biomass comparable to modern bread wheat, thought to be due to enhanced RUE (observed in one field trial) or increased green area longevity rather than increased assimilation capability. In field experiments, biomass production and light interception was relatively high for einkorn species, however this was believed to derive from excessive tiller production due to poor emergence. Overall, ancient species did partition a larger proportion of assimilates toward tillers. Modern bread wheat produced fewer tillers, but directed more biomass towards the ear, and therefore had greater harvest indices (HI) compared to all ancient species. Despite this broad analysis, further investigation of the mechanisms responsible for these traits is required. This research therefore indicates that there is sufficient variation for traits, which could be used to improve radiation and water use efficiency, and therefore warrants further exploration. With further investigation, resource capture and utilisation efficiency, and the morphological traits that confer these advantages in these genotypes, genetic markers could be identified with the aim to introduce valuable traits for the production of novel modern bread wheat varieties. The differences observed between these ancient wheat species and modern bread wheat provide an opportunity through which modern wheat gene pools may be improved to stabilise yields, particularly in sub-optimal environmental conditions, thus increasing biomass production per unit resource, thereby enhancing the productivity and the efficiency of crop systems.

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Fernando, K. M. C. "Exploration of favourable traits for nitrogen use efficiency in ancient wheat species." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31015/.

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Nitrogen (N) fertiliser is one of the main inputs of intensive wheat cropping systems in the UK. The average application of N fertiliser in the UK for winter wheat was 220 kg N ha-1 in 2011, but typically only 50% of this applied N is taken up by the crop. Breeding crops for high N use efficiency (NUE; grain dry matter yield per unit availability of N from soil and/or fertiliser) while maintaining acceptable yield, is widely accepted as one of the approaches to maximise farmers’ revenue and minimise pollution risk by reducing N fertiliser application. NUE is divided into two components; N uptake efficiency (NUpE; crop N uptake per unit availability of N from soil and/or fertiliser) and N utilisation efficiency (NUtE; grain dry matter yield per crop N uptake). NUE can be improved by improving NUpE and /or NUtE. Targeted integration of favourable traits into breeding programmes needs adequate diversity of the existing genotypes. However, genetic diversity of modern bread wheat is narrowed due to chance hybridisation events during wheat evolution and selective breeding for high yield. Hence, it has become necessary to search for novel sources of genetic variation for NUE. One of the sources could be the ancient wheat species, which provide novel resources of genes to improve NUE of modern bread wheat. The overall objective of the current project is to explore favourable physiological traits for NUE in ancient wheat species. Three field experiments, four glasshouse experiments and three growth room experiments were conducted at Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham. The current work can be divided into four main components; (i) investigation of general plant growth and development, (ii) quantification of NUE and its components, (iii) exploration of root architectural traits of seedlings and mature plants, and (iv) identification of seedling root QTLs related to NUpE in a wheat x spelt population. Significant variation for plant establishment and development was identified among wheat species where bread wheat had high plant establishment and faster plant development compared to ancient wheat species. Above ground biomass production of bread wheat, spelt and emmer was either similar or bread wheat was slightly higher at maturity under high N levels (HN). However, high above ground biomass production at zero N (no N fertiliser; NN) was observed in spelt genotypes. High grain yield of bread wheat is due to improved harvest index when compared to tall ancient wheat species. Delayed onset of flag leaf senescence, slow senescence rate and prolonged leaf greenness were observed in some spelt genotypes, especially spelt cv. Oberkulmer and were positively associated with biomass production. Flag leaf length, width, green area, specific leaf area and SPAD values were significantly different between genotypes used in the study. The greatest green area, SPAD value and maximum width were recorded in bread wheat. NUE was higher in bread wheat followed by spelt, emmer and einkorn. Emmer 2 had higher NUpE than spelt, bread wheat and einkorn genotypes. Delayed senescence hence extended green area duration and deep and vigorous root system might have influenced NUpE of spelt genotypes. High fertiliser N recovery rate of emmer 2 may be associated with well distributed, shallow, horizontally grown root system, especially at early plant growth. NUtE of bread wheat is higher than ancient wheat species and closely related to harvest index and reduced plant height. NUtE is more controlled by genetic factors than NUpE. N supply has a negative relationship with NUpE and its components. Relationships between NUE and its components were not consistent between experiments in the study. However, NUpE and NUtE explained more of the variation in NUE under HN than NN. Root system architecture varied significantly between wheat species used in the study. Seminal root characters of the seedling such as tip angle, number of seminal roots, seminal root length and total root length are closely related to mature root systems. Spelt had long seminal roots with narrow tip angles and hence develops deep root system while having a well-developed superficial root system due to nodal roots. Therefore, both top soil scavenging and deep soil foraging occurs efficiently. A large and deep root system contributes significantly to greater above-ground biomass and green area production of spelt. A greater number of seminal roots with wide tip angles help emmer to develop a root system architecture well adapted to take up fertiliser N from the top soil layers, especially in early stage of the plant growth. There is a possibility of using seedling root traits such as total root length and average length of the seminal root to predict NUpE at maturity. Therefore, these traits might be used as selection criteria for crop breeding for efficient N uptake. Emmer had favourable seedling root traits related to NUpE while spelt showed more favourable root traits at for N uptake at maturity than modern bread wheat and einkorn. Root N uptake efficiency and specific absorption rate of N were higher in emmer than spelt, bread wheat and einkorn. Phenotypic evaluation and genetic analysis of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) produced from the cross between Swiss winter wheat variety Forno (Triticum aestivum) and Swiss winter spelt cv. Oberkulmer (T. spelta) was carried out. Two parents of the population were significantly different for a number of traits, including: number of seminal roots, average length of seminal roots, total root length, maximum width, width to depth ratio, tip angle and emergence angle of seminal root. All measured root traits of seedlings of the RILs varied significantly. A total of 26 significant QTLs were identified for seedling root traits. These QTLs were located on ten different chromosomes; 1BS, 2A, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 7AL and 7D. QTL coincidence was found for total root length either with number of seminal roots or seminal root length of the seedlings which showed strong phenotypic relationship. RILs F5-10, F5-36, F5-134, F5 146, F5-230 and F5-234 could be efficient genotypes for N uptake at maturity. The contribution of the A genome to the phenotypic variation observed within this cross for the development of the seedling root system is more important than the B and D genomes, as assessed by QTL analysis. Further studies are needed to identify QTLs associated with NUpE and root architectural traits of emmer and spelt. Favourable root traits in emmer and spelt related to NUpE could be introduced to bread wheat through direct crossing or creating synthetic wheat. The introgression of spelt into modern bread wheat will be useful for molecular studies to develop marker assisted breeding for high NUpE.

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Somel, Mehmet. "Characterisation Of Dna From Archaeological Wheat (triticum L.) Seeds From Anatolia." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1082957/index.pdf.

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Ancient DNA analysis of archaeological wheat remains may serve to clarify unknown or controversial points in the history of wheat. In the first part of this study, extraction and amplification of DNA from Anatolian charred ancient wheat seeds obtained from different locations and ages was attempted. None of the our extraction samples yielded any PCR amplification. The possible reasons for this result were investigated by constructing an artificial charring experiment. The results suggest that the chances of obtaining DNA from the charred archaeological samples used in this study by the methods used are very low. Moreover, strong PCR inhibition by these charred seed extracts was observed. The second part of the study aimed to develop new DNA based markers for ancient wheat DNA analysis. Markers linked to the brittle rachis character exhibiting domestication status were sought, but no result was obtained. Primers targeting plasmon sequences were developed and tested. A primer pair amplifying a 400 bp portion of the chloroplast TrnLTrnF intergenic region was focused upon. A short piece of this region was amplified using ancient wheat DNA extracted in another study. This short piece appeared non-polymorphicupon sequencing. The sequence spanning a wider portion of this region contained a number of length polymorphisms. Phylogenetic reconstruction using maximum parsimony showed that these polymorphisms were able to distinguish wheat taxa at the maternal ancestor level.

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Engert, Nadine [Verfasser]. "Phenolic acids and antioxidative capacity on ancient wheat namely einkorn (T. monococcum ssp.), emmer (T. turgidum ssp.) and spelt wheat (T. aestivum ssp. spelta) and on germinated bread wheat (T. aestivum ssp. aestivum) / Nadine Engert." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1063177758/34.

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Masters, David Michael II. "What Lies Within or Beneath." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1385040239.

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Riva, Clare E. "Aristotle on Habituation, Voluntariness, and Moral Responsibility: To What Extent is Virtue Up to Us?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/548.

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This thesis explores Aristotle's theories of habituation and voluntariness and their impact on his ability to attribute moral responsibility to agents. Ultimately, I conclude that Aristotle should drop his assertions that we are morally responsible for our states of character in order to accommodate a compatibilist view that will still allow him to attribute moral responsibility for action to agents.

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Burgh, Theodore William. "Do you hear what I hear? A study of musical instruments and musical activity in Iron Age Israel/Palestine and surrounding cultures of the ancient Near East." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284124.

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It is true that the music of antiquity is now mute, but archaeology has provided valuable artifacts pictorial representations showing musical activity and musical instruments of the ancient world. Several scholars have conducted paramount research regarding music from every period in the ancient Near East, and contributed greatly to the field. Further study, however, is required. This paper presents new questions to previously studied Near Eastern musical artifacts and iconography. These queries explore the areas of identifying instruments in artifacts and iconographic depictions, performance techniques, gender identification of musicians in depictions, and the use of space in cultic activities involving music. The goal of this study is to shed additional light and generate further discussion in these areas of musical activity in the Ancient Near East. As expected, this study is difficult. Nevertheless, these questions must be addressed in an effort to better understand music activity in ancient Israel/Palestine and surrounding Near Eastern cultures.

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Flink, Amble-Naess Vincent. "What the Sceptics Believed : On the notion of belief in Sextus Empiricus’ Pyrrhoniai hypotyposeis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för teoretisk filosofi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447602.

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In this thesis I try to answer the question of what attitude the ancient sceptics had towards the notion of belief. I concern myself exclusively with Pyrrhonic scepticism, as it was described by Sextus Empiricus in his book Pyrrhoniai hypotyposeis. Pyrrhonic scepticism was an epistemological system with ethical ramifications, that questioned most of the conventional wisdom of the time, I begin by evaluating two infleuntial readings, by Michael Frede and Casey Perin. I then go on to make my own assessment. Ultimately, I show why Frede's view is the more plausible; the sceptics allowed themselves to hold beliefs about reality, not just appearance.

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Pantelides, Fotini. "On what Socrates hoped to achieve in the Agora : the Socratic act of turning our attention to the truth." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21024.

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This thesis wants to say that Socrates was a teacher of his fellows. He engaged with them through dialogue because he cared for their wellbeing, or as he might have put it: for the state of their souls. He was an intellectual and he had an intellectualist view of people and reality. He felt that right-mindedness was reasonable; and thus he believed that learning and developing understanding brought people closer to being virtuous; to goodness; and so to mental health. Socrates was a philosopher, and he considered this to be the most prudent and exalted approach to life. He taught his fellows how to be philosophers, and he urged them as best he could to take up the philosophical stance. His form of care for others was ‘intellectualist’. He cared ‘for the souls of others’ and for his own with intellectual involvement because he believed that this was the most appropriate way. He had a view of the human soul that produced intellectualist views of what wellbeing is and how it is achieved. He himself was a humble and able thinker, and was fully devoted to being virtuous and to helping his fellows to do the same. This thesis addresses the question of what Socrates did in the agora (his aims) and how he went about doing it (his methodology). Our answer might seem obvious. One might wonder what is new about saying that Socrates was a philosopher, and that he cared for the souls of his fellows and that he urged them to become virtuous. Perhaps nothing of this is new. Nevertheless, we find that making this ‘simple’ statement about Socrates is not that simple at all. We find that in Socratic scholarship there exist a plethora of contrasting voices that make it rather difficult to formulate even such a basic description of what Socrates did. We do not wish to create a novel and different reading of Socrates. We do not think that this is even possible after civilization has been interpreting Socrates for millennia. We do not see innovation for its own sake as desirable. We prefer clear understanding to the eager ‘originality’. Therefore rather, our aim with this work is to defend and clarify a very basic picture of Socrates as an educator. We see this work as clearing away clutter so as to begin our life-long study of Socratic thought and action: by laying a foundation with which we can read Socratic works and discern their meaning.

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Strawn, Brent A. "What is stronger than a lion ? : leonine image and metaphor in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East /." Fribourg : Fribourg academic press, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40146627m.

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Книги з теми "Ancient wheat"

Allaby, R. G. Ancient DNA in wheat. Manchester: UMIST, 1995.

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Stem rust of wheat: From ancient enemy to modern foe. St. Paul, Minn: APS Press, 2001.

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Kamen, Betty. Kamut: An ancient food for a healthy future : a grain leading the green revolution for easy access to vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and hormone precursors. Novato, Calif: Nutrition Encounter, 1995.

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Bridge, A. Ancient D.N.A. in food products: Identification of ploidy in modern and degraded wheat genomes. Manchester: UMIST, 1997.

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Ancient grains for modern meals: Mediterranean whole grain recipes for barley, farro, kamut, polenta, wheat berries & more. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press, 2011.

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Press, Manitoba Free, ed. Flour from Canada's far north west: With some account of wheat growing and flour milling ancient and modern. Winnipeg: Free Press Job Print., 1995.

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Zencirci, Nusret, Hakan Ulukan, Faheem Shehzad Baloch, Shahid Mansoor, and Awais Rasheed, eds. Ancient Wheats. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07285-7.

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What is ancient philosophy? Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2002.

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Living history: What life was like in ancient times. London: Hermes House, 2007.

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1945-, Hart George, ed. What life was like. Alexandria, VA: Time Life Books, 2001.

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Частини книг з теми "Ancient wheat"

Kan, Mustafa, Halil Özcan Özdemir, and Arzu Kan. "Socioeconomic Evaluation of Einkorn Wheat Production." In Ancient Wheats, 235–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07285-7_10.

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Kaplan Evlice, Asuman, Aliye Pehlivan, Alaettin Keçeli, Turgay Şanal, Sevinç Karabak, Nusret Zencirci, and Huri Melek Yaman. "Nutritional and Technological Aspects of Ancient Wheat." In Ancient Wheats, 147–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07285-7_7.

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Ünüvar, Ömer Can, and Ercan Selçuk Ünlü. "From Hologenomes to Biofertilizers in Wheat Production." In Ancient Wheats, 181–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07285-7_8.

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Tekin, Mehmet, Orkun Emiralioğlu, Mehmet Zahit Yeken, Muhammad Azhar Nadeem, Vahdettin Çiftçi, and Faheem Shehzad Baloch. "Wild Relatives and Their Contributions to Wheat Breeding." In Ancient Wheats, 197–233. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07285-7_9.

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Cooney, Kathlyn M. "People of Nile and Sun, Wheat and Barley." In Ancient Egyptian Society, 225–34. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003003403-23.

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Cooper, Raymond, and Jeffrey John Deakin. "Wheat and Rice – Ancient and Modern Cereals." In Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 219–27. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2021] |: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429061547-14.

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Christopher, Ashish, Dipayan Sarkar, and Kalidas Shetty. "Human Health-Relevant Bioactive Functionalities of Ancient Emmer Wheat." In Functional Foods and Biotechnology, 47–59. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2020. | Series: Food biotechnology series: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003003830-4.

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Gualandi, Guido, and D. Williams-Gualandi. "Transformative Change Through Ecological Consumption and Production of Ancient Wheat Varieties in Tuscany, Italy." In Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 95–114. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6_6.

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AbstractIn the 2016 Volume 2 of the Satoyama Initiative Thematic Review (SITR), a summary of the activities of the Grani Antichi Association in Montespertoli, Tuscany, was introduced with a roll out plan for transformative change of the supply chain and possible replication of the project in other regions. The main goal of the project has been to restore and preserve ancient varieties of wheat, cultivate them sustainably and include a form of payment for the least compensated members of the production chain. The aims of the Association are to reduce the carbon footprint of modern agricultural practices and the landslides and soil erosion caused by them, to preserve biodiversity and most importantly, to improve farmers’ revenue, enabling them to safeguard the environment and improve health by cultivating healthy food. The preservation of social ties and local knowledge is an additional result. Markers of the project’s success include benefits that are equally distributed across the production chain, farmers who are motivated to cultivate ancient wheat varieties and the conversion of 500 ha of abandoned or conventionally cultivated land to a more sustainable and biodiverse system. The market economy system in place was dismantled, and farmers now have access to more economic benefits, which must be distributed fairly. Because the project provides a transformative model of production and consumption outside the traditional market economy system, it appears to function with a complete multi-sectoral chain, where producers, food processors and consumers agree on a set price for a defined product. This chapter provides a preliminary analysis of the successes and challenges related to the main project and to upscaling in different areas.

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Şahin, Yunus, and Fatma Pehlivan Karakas. "Chemical Composition of Einkorn (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum), Emmer (Triticum dicoccum), and Spelt (Triticum spelta)." In Ancient Wheats, 119–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07285-7_6.

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Özbek, Özlem. "Genetic Diversity in Ancient Wheats." In Ancient Wheats, 55–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07285-7_4.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Ancient wheat"

Bedoshvili, D., M. Mosulishvili, M. Merabishvili, G. Chkhutiashvili, N. Ustiashvili, and I. Maisaia. "HERITAGE WHEATS OF GEORGIA." In International Trends in Science and Technology. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/30122020/7344.

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Georgia is characterized by remarkable diversity of the domesticated wheat. Five out of the fourteen wheat species found in Georgia, originate from Georgia and are local endemics. These wheat species are characterized by their taxonomic identity, morphology and the role they played in the ancient agricultureof Georgia. They are also important breeding material as contain genes for local adaptation.

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Frater, Bob. "You can't design what you can't conceive - what can we learn from history (presented by Ron Ekers)." In From Antikythera to the Square Kilometre Array: Lessons from the Ancients. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.170.0017.

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Карпин, Владимир Александрович, and Ольга Ивановна Шувалова. "WHAT IS LIFE FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF ARISTOTLE." In Перспективные научные исследования: теория, методология и практика применения: сборник статей международной научной конференции (СанктПетербург, Февраль 2023). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58351/230207.2023.55.96.005.

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Многочисленные попытки понять, что такое жизнь, привлекали внимание мыслящего человечества с древнейших времен. Эта проблема оказалась такой многогранной, что привлекала к себе внимание исследователей самых различных направлений - от религии и философии до физиологии и психологии. Причем общепринятого определения нет, а ожесточенные споры продолжаются вплоть до настоящего времени. Наиболее ожесточенная борьба происходила между идеалистическим и материалистическим подходами. Началом глубокого научного анализа понятия жизни можно считать труды великого античного философа Аристотеля. Его вклад в обсуждаемую проблему настолько велик, что пользовался безоговорочным авторитетом вплоть до XIX века Numerous attempts to understand what life is have attracted the attention of thinking humanity since ancient times. This problem turned out to be so multifaceted that it attracted the attention of researchers of various fields - from religion and philosophy to physiology and psychology. Moreover, there is no generally accepted definition, and fierce disputes continue up to the present time. The fiercest struggle took place between the idealistic and materialistic approaches. The beginning of a deep scientific analysis of the concept of life can be considered the works of the great ancient philosopher Aristotle. His contribution to the problem under discussion is so great that he enjoyed unconditional authority until the XIX century

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Chronopoulou, Anna. "Music in the service of the directorial vision: The case study of the theatrical performance of Acharnians in 1976 by the Greek Art Theatre (Theatro Technis)." In 8th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.08.03033c.

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Someone could claim that a well prepared, contemporary theatrical production consists of a thorough planning, a period of rehearsals and the final presentation of the work before the audience. Whether we talk about a collective theatrical organization or a hierarchical one, we should agree upon the fact that the directorial vision could be considered as the motivating gear of a theatrical performance. It is the director’s or the team’s directorial vision – in the cases of alternative, collective theatrical productions – which guides those who participate in a theatrical performance and, therefore, it is commonly accepted by actors and actresses that one should follow instructions, find his path and “build” his role as part of a team which serves a certain objective. Because of the diversity and complexity of modern productions as well as the increasing need for high quality, original performances – in terms of mise-en-scène, acting, stage and costume design, lightning and music – certain professional collaborates are called to participate in the stage of the preparation and contribute to the final aesthetics of a production. In the case of preparing the theatrical performance of an ancient Greek Comedy, the musician plays a significant role, as the choruses of ancient comedy are an integral part of this genre. The performance of the ancient Greek Comedy Acharnes in 1976 by the theatrical group of Greek Art Theatre (Theatro Technis), under the directorial guidance of Karolos Koun and the music which Christos Leontis composed for its needs, is a case study for the current thesis, the analysis of which intends to reveal the way the composer collaborated with the director and the members of the theatre company. The play, written by Aristophanes, was first taught and presented to the ancient Athenian audience in 425 B.C. The choral parts, accompanied by music and sang by the members of the chorus, have since antiquity been considered to be of significant importance for this ancient theatrical genre. It is, therefore, quite intriguing to thoroughly and methodologically examine the way the music composed for the needs of a specific performance contributed to the overall outgrowth of a contemporary attempt to present the ideas and the beliefs of an ancient Greek poet to the modern Greek theatrical audience. Did the composer follow the instructions of the director? Did he serve the directorial vision? Did he interact with the director and the members of the Greek Art Theatre? In what ways and up to what extent was music co-responsible for the commonly accepted success of this particular performance? It will be attempted to answer the above questions with the help of the composer’s personal testimony, his kind contribution of archival material from his personal files, accompanied by the simultaneous, cross-examined analysis of the performance which was filmed in 1976.

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Vladetić, Srđan. "KATEGORIJE KORISNIKA I SVRHE ZA KOJE SE KORISTILA VODA IZ RIMSKIH AKVADUKATA." In 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.417v.

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Very sudden population growth in the ancient Rome caused the problem of increased demand for the water that has been solved, mostly, by building the new water supply systems. At the same time its been necessary to rationalize water distribution. During the period when Agrippa has been empowered to manage and take care of water supply system, that has been done through the categorization of users of Rome’s aqueducts. This work would present overview of categories of the users, in which amount and in what purposes water could be used, and what were the criteria for determination of the user categories, especially how the social status of the users could affect its water supply.

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Cathey, W. Thomas. "Tantalus and Optical Computing." In Optical Computing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optcomp.1989.tuf1.

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The ancient Greek, Tantalus, had a problem that is similar to that of some optical computing and signal processor researchers. As a punishment by the Greek gods, Tantalus was placed in a lake with water up to his waist. Fruit was on branches just above his head. However, when he leaned over to drink, or reached up to eat, the water receded just beyond reach and the fruit evaded his grasp. Hence, he was doomed to never obtaining what seemed so close. I do not know what deed was done by the optics researchers that deserves similar punishment (I have some ideas.), but some of the anticipated results and applications of optics to computing seem to be always just barely beyond reach.

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Davy, Debbie. "Lessons from the past: What can be learned from ancient and modern rhetoric for a better RFP." In 2011 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference (IPCC 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipcc.2011.6087213.

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Madugalle, R. P. Ranjan. "SPIRITUALITY, ANCIENT TIMES AND PIONEER SKILL: PIONEER AWARENESS CREATION ON A FAMOUS RELIGIOUS SITE IN SRI LANKA." In SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE XXI CENTURY: CURRENT ISSUES, DISCOVERIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS. INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CURRENT RESEARCH CONFERENCES, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/iscrc-intconf07-01.

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The pursuit of this paper1 is coordinated to talk about the "compelling" part of pioneer information in the desultory developments of one of the famous journey locales, Sri Pada in Sri Lanka. What I investigate here is the manner by which distinctive legitimate talks arise about Sri Pada from the diverse pilgrim skill, Portuguese 1505-1687 , Dutch 1687-1896 and British 1896-1948 . As we currently know, legitimate talk on the 'colonized' was to a great extent created through the specialists of the provincial governments, military work force, Christian preachers, philologists and chairmen. In such manner, Sri Pada was not outstanding. I'm mindful that these types of information creation change with changes in the acts of expansionism. In this regard, I examine what gets recognized and checked by pilgrim approved information as 'Adam's Peak'.

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Miroshnichenko, Dmitry, Tatiana Savchenko, Alexander Pushin, and Sergey Dolgov. "Successful Genetic Transformation of Modern and Ancient Wheats (Triticum L.) spp.: Effect of Tissue Culture and Germplasm Ploidy." In The 3rd World Congress on New Technologies. Avestia Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icbb17.122.

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BAKARIĆ, Ema. "DIOGENES AND MINIMALISM: THE MODERN ANSWER TO UNHAPPINESS CAUSED BY CONSUMERISM." In Proceedings of The Third International Scientific Conference “Happiness and Contemporary Society”. SPOLOM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2022.3.

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Minimalism has appeared in recent years as a lifestyle that helps people regain control over their lives when they are feeling overwhelmed by work and expectations. It seems that what most of us perceive as our personal failure to meet demands is in reality a perfectly normal phenomenon in today’s world governed by consumerism. As observed by philosopher Herbert Marcuse, people have become trapped in consumerism. Consumerism has embedded in us a need for consumption, a need that we can no longer identify as false because it subjectively feels as our own. Minimalism is an attempt to simplify one’s life in order to gain more enjoyment and fulfilment and it involves becoming aware of the trap of consumerism. By consciously choosing to own fewer material possessions people have been able to free themselves from unfulfilling pursuits and exhausting work hours. The main idea is that the fewer material needs we have, the more freedom we gain and this idea is nothing new. The very same principle was taught by Diogenes in Ancient Greece. Diogenes lived with minimal material possessions to show that happiness was possible even without money or social status and this ancient wisdom is still relevant today. Key words: minimalism, consumerism, Marcuse, Diogenes

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Georgieva, Kristiyana, Denitsa Teofanova, Lyuben Zagorchev, Nabil Abumhadi, and Mariela Odjakova. Comparative Study on Salt Stress Response of Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum: Poaceae) and Related Ancient Cereal Crops. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.01.17.

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Batliwala, Srilatha. Transformative Feminist Leadership: What It Is and Why It Matters. United Nations University International Institute of Global Health, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/rr/2022/2.

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The words of ancient Chinese philosopher Lao Tsu make the simplest, yet most profound, case for transformation – a change of direction, a fundamental shift in the nature or character of something, recasting the existing order and ways of doing things. This is what the world needs now, as institutions and systems of the past century prove unable to address the challenges of impending planetary disaster, persistent poverty, pandemics, rising fundamentalism and authoritarianism, wars, and everyday violence. Against a background of a worldwide backlash against women’s rights, gender parity in leadership positions – in legislatures, corporations, or civil society – has proved inadequate, as women in these roles often reproduce dominant patriarchal leadership models or propagate ideologies and policies that do not actually advance equality or universal human rights. What is required is truly transformative, visionary leadership, whereby new paradigms, relationships and structures are constructed on the basis of peace, planetary health, and social and economic justice.

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Biek, Robert F., Peter D. Rowley, and David B. Hacker. Utah’s Ancient Mega-Landslides: Geology, Discovery, and Guide to Earth’s Largest Terrestrial Landslides. Utah Geological Survey, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/c-132.

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Southwest Utah contains what may be the largest landslide complex on land in the world. This complex includes three ancient side-by-side gigantic slides that cover an area roughly the size of Yellowstone National Park with a volume of slide debris that would nearly fill the Grand Canyon to its rim. Geologists call it the Marysvale gravity slide complex— “Marysvale” for the namesake volcanic field that partly failed catastrophically three separate times, and “gravity slide” to call attention to a special class of extremely large and geologically complex landslides several tens to thousands of square miles in extent. Here we refer to them simply as mega-landslides or slides—they are larger and far more interesting than geologists could ever have imagined.

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Hills, Thomas, Gus O'Donnell, Andrew Oswald, Eugenio Proto, and Daniel Sgroi. Understanding Happiness: A CAGE Policy Report. Edited by Karen Brandon. The Social Market Foundation, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-910683-21-7.

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Everyone wants to be happy. Over the ages, tracts of the ancient moral philosophers – Plato, Aristotle, Confucius – have probed the question of happiness. The stirring words in the preamble to the Declaration of Independence that established ‘Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness’ as ‘unalienable Rights’ served as the inspiration that launched a nation, the United States of America. Yet, more than 240 years later, the relationship between government’s objectives and human happiness is not straightforward, even over the matters of whether it can and should be a government aim. We approach this question not as philosophers, but as social scientists seeking to understand happiness through data. Our work in these pages is intended to enhance understanding of how the well-being of individuals and societies is affected by myriad forces, among them: income, inflation, governance, genes, inflation, inequality, bereavement, biology, aspirations, unemployment, recession, economic growth, life expectancies, infant mortality, war and conflict, family and social networks, and mental and physical health and health care. Our report suggests the ways in which this information might be brought to bear to rethink traditional aims and definitions of socioeconomic progress, and to create a better – and, yes, happier – world. We explain what the data say to us: our times demand new approaches. Foreword by Richard Easterlin; Introduced by Diane Coyle.

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Tyson, Paul. Sovereignty and Biosecurity: Can we prevent ius from disappearing into dominium? Mέta | Centre for Postcapitalist Civilisation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55405/mwp3en.

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Drawing on Milbank and Agamben, a politico-juridical anthropology matrix can be drawn describing the relations between ius and bios (justice and political life) on the one hand and dominium and zoe (private power and ‘bare life’) on the other hand. Mapping movements in the basic configurations of this matrix over the long sweep of Western cultural history enable us to see where we are currently situated in relation to the nexus between politico-juridical authority (sovereignty) and the emergency use of executive State powers in the context of biosecurity. The argument presented is that pre-19th century understandings of ius and bios presupposed transcendent categories of Justice and the Common Good that were not naturalistically defined. The very recent idea of a purely naturalistic naturalism has made distinctions between bios and zoe un-locatable and civic ius is now disappearing into a strangely ‘private’ total power (dominium) over the bodies of citizens, as exercised by the State. The very meaning of politico-juridical authority and the sovereignty of the State is undergoing radical change when viewed from a long perspective. This paper suggests that the ancient distinction between power and authority is becoming meaningless, and that this loss erodes the ideas of justice and political life in the Western tradition. Early modern capitalism still retained at least the theory of a Providential moral order, but since the late 19th century, morality has become fully naturalized and secularized, such that what moral categories Classical economics had have been radically instrumentalized since. In the postcapitalist neoliberal world order, no high horizon of just power –no spiritual conception of sovereignty– remains. The paper argues that the reduction of authority to power, which flows from the absence of any traditional conception of sovereignty, is happening with particular ease in Australia, and that in Australia it is only the Indigenous attempt to have their prior sovereignty –as a spiritual reality– recognized that is pushing back against the collapse of political authority into mere executive power.

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