Готові списки джерел за темами / Ancient DNA Human Evolution

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Ancient DNA Human Evolution"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Ancient DNA Human Evolution"

1

Perry, George H., and Ludovic Orlando. "Ancient DNA and human evolution." Journal of Human Evolution 79 (February 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.12.002.

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Montiel, Rafael, Assumpcio Malgosa, and Paolo Francalacci. "Authenticating Ancient Human Mitochondrial DNA." Human Biology 73, no. 5 (2001): 689–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hub.2001.0069.

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3

Zhenilo, S. V., A. S. Sokolov, and E. B. Prokhortchou. "Epigenetics of Ancient DNA." Acta Naturae 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2016-8-3-72-76.

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Анотація:
Initially, the study of DNA isolated from ancient specimens had been based on the analysis of the primary nucleotide sequence. This approach has allowed researchers to study the evolutionary changes that occur in different populations and determine the influence of the environment on genetic selection. However, the improvement of methodological approaches to genome-wide analysis has opened up new possibilities in the search for the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression. It was discovered recently that the methylation status of the regulatory elements of the HOXD cluster and MEIS1 gene changed during human evolution. Epigenetic changes in these genes played a key role in the evolution of the limbs of modern humans. Recent works have demonstrated that it is possible to determine the transcriptional activity of genes in ancient DNA samples by combining information on DNA methylation and the DNAaseI hypersensitive sequences located at the transcription start sites of genes. In the nearest future, if a preserved fossils brain is found, it will be possible to identify the evolutionary changes in the higher nervous system associated with epigenetic differences.
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4

Llamas, Bastien, Eske Willerslev, and Ludovic Orlando. "Human evolution: a tale from ancient genomes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1713 (February 5, 2017): 20150484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0484.

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The field of human ancient DNA (aDNA) has moved from mitochondrial sequencing that suffered from contamination and provided limited biological insights, to become a fully genomic discipline that is changing our conception of human history. Recent successes include the sequencing of extinct hominins, and true population genomic studies of Bronze Age populations. Among the emerging areas of aDNA research, the analysis of past epigenomes is set to provide more new insights into human adaptation and disease susceptibility through time. Starting as a mere curiosity, ancient human genetics has become a major player in the understanding of our evolutionary history. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evo-devo in the genomics era, and the origins of morphological diversity’.
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Crubézy, Eric, Sylvain Amory, Christine Keyser, Caroline Bouakaze, Martin Bodner, Morgane Gibert, Alexander Röck, Walther Parson, Anatoly Alexeev, and Bertrand Ludes. "Human evolution in Siberia: from frozen bodies to ancient DNA." BMC Evolutionary Biology 10, no. 1 (2010): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-25.

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D.V., Nesheva. "Aspects of Ancient Mitochondrial DNA Analysis in Different Populations for Understanding Human Evolution." Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics 17, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjmg-2014-0019.

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Анотація:
Abstract The evolution of modern humans is a long and difficult process which started from their first appearance and continues to the present day. The study of the genetic origin of populations can help to determine population kinship and to better understand the gradual changes of the gene pool in space and time. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a proper tool for the determination of the origin of populations due to its high evolutionary importance. Ancient mitochondrial DNA retrieved from museum specimens, archaeological finds and fossil remains can provide direct evidence for population origins and migration processes. Despite the problems with contaminations and authenticity of ancient mitochondrial DNA, there is a developed set of criteria and platforms for obtaining authentic ancient DNA. During the last two decades, the application of different methods and techniques for analysis of ancient mitochondrial DNA gave promising results. Still, the literature is relatively poor with information for the origin of human populations. Using comprehensive phylogeographic and population analyses we can observe the development and formation of the contemporary populations. The aim of this study was to shed light on human migratory processes and the formation of populations based on available ancient mtDNA data.
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Ermini, Luca, Clio Der Sarkissian, Eske Willerslev, and Ludovic Orlando. "Major transitions in human evolution revisited: A tribute to ancient DNA." Journal of Human Evolution 79 (February 2015): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.06.015.

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Schneider, Eberhard, Nady El Hajj, and Thomas Haaf. "Epigenetic Information from Ancient DNA Provides New Insights into Human Evolution." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 84, no. 3 (2014): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000365650.

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Zink, Albert. "Paleogenetics and Mummies." Canarias Arqueológica 22, no. 22 (2021): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31939/canarq/2021.22.08.

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The molecular analysis of ancient DNA represents a unique oppor tunity for the study of human evolution, population dynamics, and disease evolution in mummified human remains.The investigation of ancient pathogen DNA has led to the detection of a wide range of bacterial, protozoal and viral infections in ancient tissue samples. In the 1990s and 2000s, Arthur C. Aufderheide, together with his colleagues, significantly contributed to the development of this field with his groundbreaking work on the molecular identification of tuberculosis and Chagas disease in South American mummies. More recently, the introduction of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and DNA capture techniques, has further improved the opportunity to study ancient human remains. One of the first mummies for which whole genome reconstruction was attempted successfully,is the 5,300-year-old TyroleanIceman. The sequencing revealed detailed infomation on his ancestry, his physical appearance, physiological parameters and the presence of pathogens and disease susceptibility.
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Hummel, S., and B. Herrmann. "Y-chromosome-specific DNA amplified in ancient human bone." Naturwissenschaften 78, no. 6 (June 1991): 266–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01134353.

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Дисертації з теми "Ancient DNA Human Evolution"

1

Gilbert, Marcus Thomas Pius. "An assessment of the use of human samples in ancient DNA studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:434e285b-bf62-41fe-8250-5f4273f38152.

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This thesis addresses gaps that exist in the theory and knowledge of ancient DNA (aDNA). Much of the underlying basis of the field has been neglected in the excitement that followed the first aDNA studies. Therefore the results of many studies have been based on untested assumptions about the nature of post mortem DNA damage, sample preservation, contamination, and the efficacy of sample decontamination techniques. The validity of such results is questionable if the assumptions prove false. Hydrolytic post mortem DNA damage may modify recovered aDNA sequences. This thesis reports new insights into the biochemical basis of, predisposition of certain sequences and nucleotide positions towards, and subsequent effects of, such damage. Parallels of post mortem damage with in vivo mutation also enable insights into DNA sequence evolution. The long-term survival of DNA, and contamination of samples with exogenous DNA are two related problems characteristic to aDNA. The survival of endogenous DNA within bone, teeth and hair samples, the susceptibility of such samples to contamination, and the efficacy of decontamination techniques used to remedy such problems are investigated. The results highlight serious flaws in using bone and teeth as a DNA source. In contrast, the results demonstrate that hair may present a valuable DNA source for future studies. Numerous studies have reported the retrieval of ancient pathogen DNA from human samples. Analyses of the DNA content within teeth extracted from putative victims of the 2nd plague argue that such studies are at great risk from DNA degradation, and contamination arising due to environmental microorganisms. An extrapolation of these results using basic physical and chemical theory is used to evaluate the potential survival of aDNA in ancient Egyptian remains. This suggests that positive results from such samples are unlikely.
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2

Johansson, Tom. "Archaeology and aDNA in Oceania : Debates on migration patterns the past 50 years." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296506.

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Анотація:
The aim of this thesis is to investigate how discussions in archaeology and genetics influence the consensus on human origins and migrations in the South Pacific. By analyzing the genetic research on chicken- and sweet potato-DNA, I present a general overview of how genetics and archaeology shape the understanding of how humans have colonized the Pacific. By deconstructing a review on how the Pacific was settled based on aDNA, I analyze a geneticist’s perspective on archaeological problems. Through this analysis I suggest how archaeology should be approached on a theoretical level in order to be relevant in understanding human migrations in the Pacific. I propose that archaeology’s strength lie in interpreting material culture through an agency perspective in order to reach a dimension not obtainable by biological perspectives
Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur diskussioner i arkeologi och genetik påverkar hur vi ser på mänskliga migrationer i Oceanien. Genom att analysera den genetiska forskning som gjorts på kyckling och sötpotatis ges en övergripande bild av hur genetik och arkeologi formar den förståelse som finns för hur människan koloniserat Söderhavet. Genom att dekonstruera en sammanställning av den genetiska forskning som gjorts på mänskligt DNA i Oceanien analyseras en genetikers synsätt på arkeologiska problemställningar. Genom analysen i denna uppsats föreslår jag hur arkeologi borde arbeta på ett teoretiskt plan för att vara relevant i hur vi förstår Oceaniens migrationsmönster. Jag föreslår att arkeologins styrka ligger i att tolka den materiella kulturen genom ett agency-perspektiv för att komma åt en dimension av migrationsproblematiken som inte går att nås genom biologiska perspektiv.
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Yang, Dongya. "DNA diagnosis of thalassemia from ancient Italian skeletons /." *McMaster only, 1997.

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Mathias, Neal. "Y chromosome DNA polymorphisms and human evolution." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333355.

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Naxerova, Kamila. "Tracing human cancer evolution with hypermutable DNA." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11253.

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Metastasis is the main cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. Despite its clinical significance, several fundamental questions about the metastatic process in humans remain unsolved. Does metastasis occur early or late in cancer progression? Do metastases emanate directly from the primary tumor or give rise to each other? How does heterogeneity in the primary tumor relate to the genetic composition of secondary lesions? Addressing these questions in representative patient populations is crucial, but has been difficult so far. Here we present a simple, scalable PCR assay that enables the tracing of tumor lineage in patient tissue specimens. Our methodology relies on somatic variation in highly mutable polyguanine (poly-G) repeats located in non-coding genomic regions. We show that poly-G mutations are present in a variety of human cancers. Using colon carcinoma as an example, we demonstrate an association between patient age at diagnosis and tumor mutational burden, suggesting that poly-G variants accumulate during normal division in colonic stem cells. We further show that poorly differentiated colon carcinomas have fewer mutations than well-differentiated tumors, possibly indicating a shorter mitotic history of the founder cell in these cancers. We collect multiple spatially separated samples from primary carcinomas and their metastases and use poly-G fingerprints to build well-supported phylogenetic trees that illuminate each patient's path of progression. Our results imply that levels of intra-tumor heterogeneity vary significantly among patients.
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Johnson, Sarah. "Comparative Resistomics of Ancient and Modern Human Microbiomes." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707269/.

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Increased exposure to antibiotics has led to the dissemination of genes conferring resistance to antimicrobial metabolites throughout human microbiomes globally via horizontal gene transfer (HGT). This has resulted in the emergence of new resistant strains leading to a rising epidemic of deaths from previously treatable infections. Evidence suggests that before the age of anthropogenic antibiotic use, microbes living within a community produced antibiotic metabolites and, subsequently, maintained such genes for several useful functions and a balance of diversity in nature. The question of the origin of these resistant genes is difficult to answer, but with continued advancements in ancient genomic analysis, researchers have developed methods of acquiring a more accurate representation of the microbiome associated with our human ancestors by extracting fossilized microbial specimens from dental calculus and directly sequencing the metagenomes. This thesis outlines the production of taxonomic and functional profiles of 20 different human and non-human oral microbiome samples using metagenomics tools originally developed for living individuals, altered for use with ancient microbial specimens. Putative antimicrobial resistant (AMR) genes derived from these profiles were reconstructed and conserved functional regions were identified. From the data that is available regarding the human microbiome from a range of time points throughout history dating back to Neanderthal specimens, it is possible to elucidate relationships between these AMR genes and to better understand the evolutionary trajectory of antibiotic resistance.
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Skoglund, Pontus. "Reconstructing the Human Past using Ancient and Modern Genomes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Evolutionsbiologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-206787.

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The study of DNA variation is one of the most promising avenues for learning about the evolutionary and historical past of humans and other species. However, the difficulty associated with obtaining DNA directly from ancient remains have for long kept genomic studies of population history trapped in time; confined to interpreting patterns of modern-day variation without direct historical observations. In this thesis, I outline new approaches for the retrieval, analysis and interpretation of large-scale genomic data from ancient populations, including solutions to overcome problems associated with limited genome coverage, modern-day contamination, temporal differences between samples, and post-mortem DNA damage. I integrate large-scale genomic data sets from ancient remains with modern-day variation to trace the human past; from traits targeted by natural selection in the early ancestors of anatomically modern humans, to their descendants' interbreeding with archaic populations in Eurasia and the spread of agriculture in Europe and Africa. By first reconstructing the earliest population diversification events of early modern humans using a novel large-scale genomic data set from Khoe-San populations in southern Africa, I devise a new approach to search for genomic patterns of selective sweeps in ancestral populations and report evidence for skeletal development as a major target of selection during the emergence of early modern humans. Comparing publicly available genomes from archaic humans, I further find that the distribution of archaic human ancestry in Eurasia is more complex than previously thought. In the first direct genomic study of population structure in prehistoric populations, I demonstrate that individuals associated with farming- and hunter-gatherer complexes in Neolithic Scandinavia were strongly genetically differentiated, and direct comparisons with modern-day populations as well as other prehistoric individuals from Southern Europe suggest that this structure originated from Northward expansion of Neolithic farming populations. Finally, I develop a bioinformatic approach for removing modern-day contamination from large-scale ancient DNA sequencing data, and use this method to reconstruct the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a Siberian Neandertal that is affected by substantial modern-day contamination.
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Chandler, Helen C. "Using ancient DNA to link culture and biology in human populations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404074.

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Endicott, Phillip. "Ancient DNA and human population genetics in island South East Asia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670170.

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Faltyskova, Zuzana. "Human dispersals to Tierra del Fuego revealed by ancient mitochondrial DNA." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709073.

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Книги з теми "Ancient DNA Human Evolution"

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Straalen, Nico, and Dick Roelofs. Human Evolution and Development. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729208.

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Our understanding of human evolution is proceeding at an unprecedented rate over the last years due to spectacular fossil finds, reconstructions based on genome comparison, ancient DNA sequencing and new insights into developmental genetics. This book takes an integrative approach in which the development of the human embryo, the evolutionary history of our body, the structure of human populations, their dispersal over the world and their cultures are examined by integrating paleoanthropology, developmental biology, comparative zoology, population genetics and phylogenetic reconstruction. The authors discuss questions like: - What do we know about ancient humans? - What happens in the development of an embryo? - How did we manage to walk upright and why did we lose our hair? - What is the relationship between language, migration and evolution? - How does our body respond to the challenges of modern society? In addition to being a core text for the study of the life sciences, Human Evolution and Development is an easy-to-read overview for the interested layperson.
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Sydney, Brenner, Hanihara Kazurō 1927-, and International Institute for Advanced Studies (Kyoto, Japan), eds. The origin and past of modern humans as viewed from DNA: Proceedings of the Workshop on the Origin and Past of Homo sapiens sapiens as Viewed from DNA--Theoretical Approach, Kyoto, 14-17 December, 1993, International Institute for Advanced Studies. Singapore: World Scientific, 1995.

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3

Wells, Spencer. Deep ancestry: How DNA reveals the roots of your family tree. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C: National Geographic, 2011.

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4

Krings, Matthias. Neandertaler DNA-Sequenzen und der Ursprung des modernen Menschen. München: H. Utz Verlag Wissenschaft, 1998.

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5

Goldman, Ralph Morris. From DNA to culture: The synthesis principle in human development. [Philadelphia, PA ]: Xlibris, 2003.

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6

Chong-yŏl, Kim, ред. Mitʻokʻondŭria DNA pyŏni wa Hanʼgugin chiptan ŭi kiwŏn e kwanhan yŏnʼgu. Sŏul Tʻŭkpyŏlsi: Koguryŏ Yŏnʼgu Chaedan, 2005.

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7

Martin, Jones. The molecule hunt: Archaeology and the hunt for ancient DNA. London: Allen Lane/Penguin Press, 2001.

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8

The molecule hunt: Archaeology and the search for ancient DNA. New York: Arcade Pub., 2002.

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The molecule hunt: Archaeology and the search for ancient DNA. London: Allen Lane, 2001.

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10

Herbig, Jost. Nahrung für die Götter: Die kulturelle Neuerschaffung der Welt durch den Menschen. München: C. Hanser, 1988.

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Частини книг з теми "Ancient DNA Human Evolution"

1

Langdon, John H. "Case Study 22. The Cutting Edge of Science: Kissing Cousins Revealed Through Ancient DNA." In The Science of Human Evolution, 175–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41585-7_22.

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Walker, Alexa R. "Ancient human DNA." In Working with and for Ancestors, 241–52. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367809317-24.

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Nielsen, Henrik, Jan Engberg, and Ingolf Thuesen. "DNA from Arctic Human Burials." In Ancient DNA, 122–40. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4318-2_8.

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Grody, Wayne W. "Screening for Pathogenic DNA Sequences in Clinically Collected Human Tissues." In Ancient DNA, 69–91. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4318-2_5.

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Gojobori, Jun. "Mitochondrial DNA." In Evolution of the Human Genome II, 103–20. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56904-6_4.

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Oikkonen, Venla. "Imagining Origins Through Ancient Human DNA." In Population Genetics and Belonging, 73–130. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62881-3_3.

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Orlando, Ludovic. "An Ancient DNA Perspective on Horse Evolution." In Population Genomics, 325–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/13836_2018_23.

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Nieves-Colón, Maria A., and Anne C. Stone. "ANCIENT DNA ANALYSIS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS." In Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton, 515–44. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119151647.ch16.

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Takezaki, Naoko. "CNVs and Microsatellite DNA Polymorphism." In Evolution of the Human Genome I, 143–55. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56603-8_7.

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Batt, Fiona. "Ancient indigenous DNA as intellectual property." In Ancient Indigenous Human Remains and the Law, 106–37. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003194590-6.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Ancient DNA Human Evolution"

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Dellu, Elena, and Angela Sciatti. "CARE OF ANCIENT HUMAN REMAINS. CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT WITH 3D MODELING AND DBMS." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12165.

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Анотація:
The interaction between humanities and scientific disciplines is a slow and recent process, which is still standing influencing more and more frequently the reconstruction of our history. Ancient human remains are a significant part of our heritage, both from a cultural and biological point of view. They keep trace of our evolution at a macroscopic and genetic level; for this reason they must be adequately protected. Since 2018, the Superintendence of Archeology, Fine Arts and Landscape for the metropolitan city of Bari (Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and for Tourism of Italy) has launched a specific protocol for the management of physical anthropological finds, with the aim of protecting, knowing and enhancing them. The use of new technologies, such as 3D modeling of the finds and the management of all archaeological and anthropological data through DBMS, will allow us to carry out long-term protection. This will be the basis for achieving new studies and enhancement activities on ancient human remains, without increasing their degradation.
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Baggio, Paolo, Maria C. Masti, Sandra Primon, and Gian B. Sigalotti. "Physical evolution in central-eastern Veneto (Italy) and the ancient human settlements: model reconstruction by RS multispectral satellite analysis." In Aerospace Remote Sensing '97, edited by Giovanna Cecchi, Edwin T. Engman, and Eugenio Zilioli. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.298163.

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NEVES, ARMANDO G. M., and CARLOS H. C. MOREIRA. "THE NUMBER OF GENERATIONS BETWEEN BRANCHING EVENTS IN A GALTON–WATSON TREE AND ITS APPLICATION TO HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL DNA EVOLUTION." In International Symposium on Mathematical and Computational Biology. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812708779_0019.

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Рудман, М. Н., and Е. С. Баранова. "THE SOVIET PARADIGM OF HUMAN RIGHTS." In ИНСТИТУТЫ ЗАЩИТЫ ПРАВ ЧЕЛОВЕКА И ГРАЖДАНИНА В ИСТОРИИ РОССИИ. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56777/lawinn.2023.11.62.015.

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В статье анализируются идейно-политические истоки и особенности советской доктрины «прав трудящихся» как советского варианта реализации идеологии прав человека. В качестве идейных предпосылок советской конституционной доктрины рассматриваются античные и новоевропейские принципы естественного права и протестантские идеи самореализации личности. Рассматривается эволюция советской доктрины «прав трудящихся» от прямого противопоставления идеям и принципы либеральной концепции прав человека в первые годы развития советской власти к сближению с западным конституционализмом, проявившимся в разработке советской системы социально-экономических прав личности в Конституции СССР 1936 года. The article analyzes the ideological and political origins and features of the Soviet doctrine of "workers' rights" as a Soviet version of the implementation of the ideology of human rights. Ancient and New European principles of natural law and Protestant ideas of personal self-realization are considered as ideological prerequisites of the Soviet constitutional doctrine. The article considers the evolution of the Soviet doctrine of "workers' rights" from direct opposition to the ideas and principles of the liberal concept of human rights in the early years of the development of Soviet power to rapprochement with Western constitutionalism, manifested in the development of the Soviet system of socio-economic rights of the individual in the USSR Constitution of 1936.
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Santos, Gabriela, and Cristina Carvalho. "Ergonomic Fashion Design: Sustainable Dyes." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001318.

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Water waste, contamination, and fossil fuel generated energy are acknowledged issues within the textile industry. Current dyeing processes pose serious threat to the environment and human health, often associated with toxic and carcinogenic substances that are released into the environment, through effluents not conveniently treated before being discharged into natural waters. Besides print and pattern, consumers demand for basic characteristics in textiles – these must resist to agents that cause colours to fade. On the other hand, industry must provide a great range of colours and access to huge quantities of coloured substance to dye. Simultaneously, it must be cost-effective. Natural dyes are perceived as less harmful for the environment due to its biodegradable nature. Studies reveal certain natural dyes possess UVR protection properties, as well as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory assets. Nevertheless, depending on the nature of the dye, there are many advantages and disadvantages to consider.Through an extensive study on various fields such as Biotechnology, History, Ethnography, Biology, Archaeology, amongst many others we gathered information regarding natural coloured compounds, colour sources (plants, animals and microorganisms), ancient and modern techniques of extraction and application. This study shows the evolution of dyes throughout the centuries. It also reveals that the revival of natural dyes in addiction to new cutting edge technologies such as biotechnology might allow for an industrial feasibility.
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Sayamov, Yury. "DIPLOMACY AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AS POLITICAL NOTIONS AND SUBJECTS OF THE EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT." In Globalistics-2020: Global issues and the future of humankind. Interregional Social Organization for Assistance of Studying and Promotion the Scientific Heritage of N.D. Kondratieff / ISOASPSH of N.D. Kondratieff, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46865/978-5-901640-33-3-2020-200-211.

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The study investigates diplomacy and international relations as political notions and subjects of the evolutionary development. It contains new definitions of the notions of diplomacy and international relations proposed by the author. The article shows that the main way to carry out the international relations in the course of their evolution from ancient times till very recent have always been wars and conquests leaving not more than 5% of the whole time of the life of the humanity for its development in the absence of big devastating conflicts. The history of the forming of international relations the world over is followed from the first contact between the most early civilizations, through the river, see and ocean periods of human development to Westphal, Vienna, Versailles-Washington and Yalta-Potsdam systems. In the present situation, when the world is moving towards the multipolarity, diplomacy appears as ever more important.
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Markopoulos, Evangelos, Kwame Ofori, and Hannu Vanharanta. "Understanding corporate innovation readiness and frequency factors with the Democratic Survival, Mirrored and Compulsive (DSMC) Framework." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001510.

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Innovation, and technological innovation in particular, seems to be the driving force in the modern entrepreneurial revolution that stated at the beginning of this century. The .net phenomenon with the rise of the internet active users made the word flat, increased the business opportunities but also decreased the success rate. Blue oceans strategies have been replaced by Green and Pink oceans strategies in a continuous effort to stay current with the global innovation trends, needs and expectations. Most of the businesses across all industries seek micro-innovations to improve their product or services delivery but not necessarily to make a breakthrough. However, their innovation rate and pace differ from one another ranging from a year to five years. The distance to deliver innovation is related with the distance organizations have from democratic organizations cultures that ignite and utilize internal knowledge contributions which can lead to innovative processes, products, and services. The company’s DNA and philosophy is primarily responsible for the innovation pace and effectiveness, but this is also affected by internal and external factors. The ability or inability to create democracy organizational cultures has positive and negative consequences that need to be assessed in relation to the company’s’ finances, workforce knowledge and maturity, industry readiness and openness, and other factors. To understand the reasons and the business innovation frequency, an academic and critical literature review has been conducted. The results led to the formulation of a framework taking into consideration several weighted internal and external factors. Furthermore primary research has been conducted to better understand their innovation motives innovation frequency by gathering and analysing data from 66 individuals such as university innovation hub coordinators, entrepreneurs and product developers.This paper introduces the Survival, Mirrored and Compulsive (SMC) Framework, a step-by-step guide to help businesses understand their innovation readiness status. The framework calculates several attributes and plots the results on a graph indicating the factors to be considered in at the company’s innovations strategy. The primary findings indicate factors that impact the innovation frequency such as the available R&D facilities, financial position and stability, cumulative organizational knowledge, policy direction, and the industry the organizations operate, among others. The analysis of these factors in the SMC framework revealed that survival mode is what impacts organizational innovation frequency. Organizations tend to either reduce or postpone innovation initiatives until they feel comfortable for their existence or learned from their mistakes, neglecting however the fact that innovation driven by democratic internal development and utilization of the human intellectual capital costs less, is more likely to succeed, and can be attempted continuously. Therefore, the paper extends the SMC framework to the Democratic SMC (DMSC) that aligns the SMC phases with the Company Democracy Model innovation evolution levels by relating and categorizing the SCM innovation factors to the CDM levels. This helps to understand the organizational innovation DNA and also the culture and philosophy that impacts the company’s human intellectual capital production frequency and the utilization frequency of this capital as well. The paper refers limitations on both the SMC framework and DSMC model at their current development stages and identifies areas of further research for their maturity through applications and optimization.
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Chung, D. W., R. Asakai, and E. W. Davie. "THE ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN FACTOR XI GENE: CORRELATION OF INTRON AND EXON LOCATIONS WITH STRUCTURAL DOMAINS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642802.

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Factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedent) is a plasma glycoprotein that participates in the contact activation of blood coagulation. In the present study, the organization of the gene for human factor XI has been elucidated. The gene for human factor XI has been isolated from two independent human genomic λ phage libraries using a full length cDNA for human factor XI as a hybridization probe. Four overlapping recombinant λ phage containing the human factor XI gene have been isolated and characterized. Restriction mapping, Southern blotting and hybridization studies indicate that the entire gene for human factor XI is 25 kilobases in length. Overlapping regions of the gene have been subcloned and the DNA sequence of selective regions has been determined. These results show that the gene for factor XI is composed of 15 exons and 14 introns. Exon I codes for the 5′ noncoding sequences and exon II codes for the signal peptide of 18 amino acid residues. The four tandem repeats that constitute the heavy chain of factor XIa are each encoded by two consecutive exons (exons III and IV, V and VI, VII and VIII, IX and X). The location of the introns and the junction type among these four tandem repeats are strictly conserved. Exon XI, XII, XIII, XIV and XV code for the light chain of factor XIa that contains the serine protease part of the molecule. The location of the introns and the junction types in this region of the gene are identical to those in the corresponding regions of the genes for human tissue plasminogen activator and porcine urokinase. These results show that gene duplication and exon shuffling play a significant role in the evolution of the human factor XI gene. (Supported in part by NIH Grant HL 16919 and AHA Grant 82-221.)
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Strandberg, L., D. Lawrence, and T. Ny. "ISOLATION OF THE GENOMIC REGION CODING FOR TYPE-1 PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644439.

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The type-1 Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI-1) has recently been identified as a member of the Serine Protease Inhibitor family (SERPINS). This family of proteins contain many serine protease inhibitors but also functionally unrelated proteins like ovalbumin and anginotensinogen. PAI-1 inhibits both u-PA and t-PA and might therefore be an important regulator of the fibrinolytic system.In order to study the evolution of the Serpin family as well as PAI-1 gene expression we have isolated the genomic region carrying the PAI-1 gene. A cDNA sequence for PAI-1 was used as probe to screen a human genomic library. When 2 million independent phages were screened, 13 positive clones were isolated. Characterisation of these clones showed that they could be divided into 3 overlapping groups covering a genomic region of approximately 30 kb. The gene was localized and characterized by restriction enzyme analysis, southern blotting using cDNA and oligomer probes, and DNA sequencing.
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Morena, Sara, Barbara Messina, and Carla Ferreyra. "Rediscovering tradition through representation: the vaulted house of the Amalfi Coast." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.14337.

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The Amalfi Coast represents one of the most fascinating examples of Mediterranean landscape with a unique cultural and natural setting, resulting from its dramatic topography and the evolution of its community. The universal value of the coast, the evolutionary process of human adaptation to its production and exchange spaces, as well as its residential settlements, is very important to preserve. In this regard, the research is focused on the interpretation of these places, and in particular on the typical medieval houses to find the main features through the representation of ancient and new designers. The observation through the drawing allows rediscovering the essential elements that distinguish and at the same time link the buildings with the Mediterranean tradition. The geographical and economic characteristics that particularized the Amalfi Coast in medieval times and the absence of terrestrial connections inevitably led to isolation towards the hinterland and an opening by sea. The owners of these artifacts were mainly merchants and, coming into contact with different cultures, brought to their territories a miscellany of traditions. Similar, these houses are made of local stone and are characterized by their vaulted roof extrados that, depending on the type, leads back to a specific historical phase. The study and analysis of the drawings over time, therefore, aims to discover the main characteristic and rediscover the historical, aesthetic, and artistic value of the vernacular architecture of Campania. These buildings have always been a source of inspiration for great artists and architects who, following the Grand Tour along the coast, have characterized their works, and therefore represent an important heritage to be known, protected, and enhanced to safeguard harmony and splendor of the Amalfi Coast.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Ancient DNA Human Evolution"

1

Karlstrom, Karl, Laura Crossey, Allyson Matthis, and Carl Bowman. Telling time at Grand Canyon National Park: 2020 update. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285173.

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Grand Canyon National Park is all about time and timescales. Time is the currency of our daily life, of history, and of biological evolution. Grand Canyon’s beauty has inspired explorers, artists, and poets. Behind it all, Grand Canyon’s geology and sense of timelessness are among its most prominent and important resources. Grand Canyon has an exceptionally complete and well-exposed rock record of Earth’s history. It is an ideal place to gain a sense of geologic (or deep) time. A visit to the South or North rims, a hike into the canyon of any length, or a trip through the 277-mile (446-km) length of Grand Canyon are awe-inspiring experiences for many reasons, and they often motivate us to look deeper to understand how our human timescales of hundreds and thousands of years overlap with Earth’s many timescales reaching back millions and billions of years. This report summarizes how geologists tell time at Grand Canyon, and the resultant “best” numeric ages for the canyon’s strata based on recent scientific research. By best, we mean the most accurate and precise ages available, given the dating techniques used, geologic constraints, the availability of datable material, and the fossil record of Grand Canyon rock units. This paper updates a previously-published compilation of best numeric ages (Mathis and Bowman 2005a; 2005b; 2007) to incorporate recent revisions in the canyon’s stratigraphic nomenclature and additional numeric age determinations published in the scientific literature. From bottom to top, Grand Canyon’s rocks can be ordered into three “sets” (or primary packages), each with an overarching story. The Vishnu Basement Rocks were once tens of miles deep as North America’s crust formed via collisions of volcanic island chains with the pre-existing continent between 1,840 and 1,375 million years ago. The Grand Canyon Supergroup contains evidence for early single-celled life and represents basins that record the assembly and breakup of an early supercontinent between 729 and 1,255 million years ago. The Layered Paleozoic Rocks encode stories, layer by layer, of dramatic geologic changes and the evolution of animal life during the Paleozoic Era (period of ancient life) between 270 and 530 million years ago. In addition to characterizing the ages and geology of the three sets of rocks, we provide numeric ages for all the groups and formations within each set. Nine tables list the best ages along with information on each unit’s tectonic or depositional environment, and specific information explaining why revisions were made to previously published numeric ages. Photographs, line drawings, and diagrams of the different rock formations are included, as well as an extensive glossary of geologic terms to help define important scientific concepts. The three sets of rocks are separated by rock contacts called unconformities formed during long periods of erosion. This report unravels the Great Unconformity, named by John Wesley Powell 150 years ago, and shows that it is made up of several distinct erosion surfaces. The Great Nonconformity is between the Vishnu Basement Rocks and the Grand Canyon Supergroup. The Great Angular Unconformity is between the Grand Canyon Supergroup and the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. Powell’s term, the Great Unconformity, is used for contacts where the Vishnu Basement Rocks are directly overlain by the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. The time missing at these and other unconformities within the sets is also summarized in this paper—a topic that can be as interesting as the time recorded. Our goal is to provide a single up-to-date reference that summarizes the main facets of when the rocks exposed in the canyon’s walls were formed and their geologic history. This authoritative and readable summary of the age of Grand Canyon rocks will hopefully be helpful to National Park Service staff including resource managers and park interpreters at many levels of geologic understandings...
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