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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Analysis of Language Varieties"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Analysis of Language Varieties"

Rangel, Francisco, Paolo Rosso, Wajdi Zaghouani, and Anis Charfi. "Fine-grained analysis of language varieties and demographics." Natural Language Engineering 26, no. 6 (March 10, 2020): 641–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324920000108.

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AbstractThe rise of social media empowers people to interact and communicate with anyone anywhere in the world. The possibility of being anonymous avoids censorship and enables freedom of expression. Nevertheless, this anonymity might lead to cybersecurity issues, such as opinion spam, sexual harassment, incitement to hatred or even terrorism propaganda. In such cases, there is a need to know more about the anonymous users and this could be useful in several domains beyond security and forensics such as marketing, for example. In this paper, we focus on a fine-grained analysis of language varieties while considering also the authors’ demographics. We present a Low-Dimensionality Statistical Embedding method to represent text documents. We compared the performance of this method with the best performing teams in the Author Profiling task at PAN 2017. We obtained an average accuracy of 92.08% versus 91.84% for the best performing team at PAN 2017. We also analyse the relationship of the language variety identification with the authors’ gender. Furthermore, we applied our proposed method to a more fine-grained annotated corpus of Arabic varieties covering 22 Arab countries and obtained an overall accuracy of 88.89%. We have also investigated the effect of the authors’ age and gender on the identification of the different Arabic varieties, as well as the effect of the corpus size on the performance of our method.

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Denecker, Tim. "Language Attitudes and Social Connotations in Jerome and Sidonius Apollinaris." Vigiliae Christianae 69, no. 4 (September 16, 2015): 393–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700720-12341228.

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Jerome of Stridon and Sidonius Apollinaris, two authors particularly sensitive to languages and linguistic differences, frequently evaluate the correctness, adequacy, and aesthetic qualities of ‘classical’ Latin on the one hand, and of ‘foreign’ or ‘barbarian’ languages (Hebrew, Aramaic, or ‘Germanic’) on the other. They also evaluate variation within the Latin language, mostly in a negative way. In this paper, I look at Jerome’s and Sidonius’ evaluative statements about languages and language varieties from the sociolinguistic perspective of language attitude research. I start by defining the concepts of ‘language attitude’ and ‘social connotations hypothesis’, and then proceed to the analysis of linguistic evaluations in Jerome’s and Sidonius’ works. In accordance with the social connotations hypothesis, I argue that these evaluations about languages or language varieties are strongly biased by the socio-cultural stereotypes the authors hold about the speakers of these languages or language varieties.

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Masorong, Sharifa Khalid. "A Error Analysis Performed on English 230 Students’ Elpt Compositions: A Basis for A Proposed Intensive Grammar Enrichment." Randwick International of Education and Linguistics Science Journal 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rielsj.v2i2.260.

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The language of the humankind is linked to the creation of meaning and expressions of human behaviors and emotions. Language is said to manipulate and persuade people’s perception of ‘reality’ (Holmes, 2013). The reality—social and linguistic landscapes— that people construct is affected by the linguistic choices members of the community make. This research investigated the possibility of a Meranaw uniform orthography in terms of the word spelling and symbols by examining the varieties of the language in terms of its lexicons. Understanding varieties can unlock answers questions regarding variety’s causes and its contribution to the development of the language in terms of orthography—which can actually help Meranaw writers extend studies on other components of the language. These factors contributed to the direction of this paper as it attempted to investigate the sprouting of the varieties and its lexical changes. The findings of the study revealed that even though there were Meranaw lexical variants, it does not hinder the communication to be effective. The paper also showed that Meranaw lexical variants are mutually intelligible among the surveyed Meranaw communities. Mutual intelligibility suggests that language is convention--- meaning that even if there are varieties, the Meranaw language itself serve as a unifying link in keeping a society intact. The Meranaw language brings together one culture and its usage is a means to express community’s style in an effort to create a social reality. This reality allows them to express their thoughts and ideas through their language

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Ali, Sikandar, and Sumra M. J. Satti. "Jargon in Military: A Comparative Analysis of English Varieties in Pakistan based on Hallidiyan’s Functional Perspective." Journal of South Asian Studies 9, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/jsas.009.03.3860.

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Pakistani English is (also known as Paklish or Pinglish) is the group of English language varieties that are spoken or written in Pakistan. It was recognized in terms of different varieties and forms first time in the 1970s and 1980s. This paper elucidated the phenomenon of transition that Pakistani English was undergoing in the current scenario because of its contact with other Pakistani languages in general, Urdu and Punjabi in particular. This study attempted to explore and interpret the varieties of Pakistani English in the Military at two different levels i.e. Officers to Officers Communication and Officers to Rank (Soldier). These constantly diverging forms and functions of English may not have reached stability and recognition among its users probably bilinguals or multi-linguals as Pakistan is a multi-lingual state. This study endeavored to use a Qualitative approach and data will be collected through observation from Pakistani English varieties used in the Military. This paper aimed to apply Halliday’s (1960) theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to conduct a comparative study of varieties of English to describe, interpret and explain the forms and functions of Pakistani English at two different levels. The findings revealed that the variations of Military language were unique and distinct from all other varieties of English. In addition, these variations were acceptable by the whole language community shared by individuals in the Military.

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Hou, Renkui, and Chu-Ren Huang. "Classification of regional and genre varieties of Chinese: A correspondence analysis approach based on comparable balanced corpora." Natural Language Engineering 26, no. 6 (March 9, 2020): 613–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324920000121.

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AbstractThis paper proposes a robust text classification and correspondence analysis approach to identification of similar languages. In particular, we propose to use the readily available information of clauses and word length distribution to model similar languages. The modeling and classification are based on the hypothesis that languages are self-adaptive complex systems and hence can be classified by dynamic features describing the system, especially in terms of distributional relations of constituents of a system. For similar languages whose grammatical differences are often subtle, classification based on dynamic system features should be more effective. To test this hypothesis, we considered both regional and genre varieties of Mandarin Chinese for classification. The data are extracted from two comparable balanced corpora to minimize possible confounding factors. The two corpora are the Sinica Corpus from Taiwan and the Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese from Mainland China, and the two genres are reportage and review. Our text classification and correspondence analysis results show that the linguistically felicitous two-level constituency model combining power functions between word and clauses effectively classifies the two varieties of Chinese for both genres. In addition, we found that genres do have compounding effect on classification of regional varieties. In particular, reportage in two varieties is more likely to be classified than review, corroborating the complex system view of language variations. That is, language variations and changes typically do not take place evenly across the board for the complete language system. This further enhances our hypothesis that dynamic complex system features, such as the power functions captured by the Menzerath–Altmann law, provide effective models in classifications of similar languages.

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Grensideng, Wilhelmus, and I. Gusti Ayu Mahatma Agung. "ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN STEPHEN SANCHEZ’S SONG LYRICS." Journal of English Language Teaching and Literature (JELTL) 6, no. 1 (February 10, 2023): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47080/jeltl.v6i1.2468.

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Figurative language is communication with connotation; it may be in the form of a phrase. This research aims to identify the different kinds of figurative language used in the lyrics of Stephen Sanchez’s songs. The theory from Leech (1981) was used to assess the meaning of figurative language, and the theory from Perrine & Arp (1991) was utilized to distinguish the different varieties of figurative language. The findings of this study demonstrated the use of seven figurative languages, including 12.5% of personification, 12.5% of simile, 12.5% of symbol, 25% of metaphor, and 37.5% of hyperbole in Stephen Sanchez’s songs. According to the analysis, hyperbolic figurative language is the most prevalent in Stephen Sanchez’s song lyrics.

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Cupar, Tina, and Alenka Valh Lopert. "The Function of Language in Characterization: Dialectal Speech in the Animated Film Chicken Little." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 11, no. 1 (May 8, 2014): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.11.1.179-191.

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The article discusses the use of language varieties by the main character in the animated film Chicken Little in English and Slovene. Both versions of the film are dubbed by professional actors and are aimed at a young target audience, children. The main intention of the article is to analyze the characteristics of Chicken Little’s speech in both languages, to compare the differences in the use of language varieties, and to evaluate the consequences of shifts in language use on the character and the story in the target language. The analysis is based on a transcript of the speech and enables comparison on four different levels: phonetics, morphology, syntax and vocabulary. The main focus is on the analysis of speech in the target language: Maribor regional colloquial language, with influence from the dialectal speech of Ruše. The main conditions influencing the use of certain language varieties are taken into consideration: the characteristics of the dubbing process, specifics of the target audience, and prevailing norms related to the use of language on television.

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Ding, Hongdi. "A cross-dialectal analysis of Nuosu adjectival comparative constructions." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 41, no. 1 (July 20, 2018): 45–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.16023.din.

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Abstract Current analyses (Hu 2005; Gerner 2013; Liu et al. 2013) of Nuosu adjectival comparative constructions are not observationally adequate because they are only based on the semantic distinction between dimensional adjectives and other adjectives. A better analysis should make a further morphological consideration by dividing the Nuosu adjectives into root-sharing prefixed adjectives, non-root-sharing prefixed adjectives and simplex adjectives. Moreover, the existing analyses are not consistent. Some unacceptable comparative sentences in Hu (2005) are acceptable in Gerner (2013) and Liu et al. (2013). I have found out that the inconsistency results from different rigorousness to adjectival morphosyntactic restrictions among different varieties or dialects of Nuosu. After a cross-dialectal investigation with three major dialects of Nuosu, i.e. Shynra, Yynuo and Suondi, it is concluded that Nuosu comparative constructions have a restricted form and a general form for superiority, inferiority and equality respectively. Different dialects or varieties have varying rigorousness to Nuosu adjectival morphosyntax, thus resulting in different choices of the forms for comparison. Accordingly, the available Nuosu varieties are classified into three types: varieties with more morphosyntactic rigorousness, transitional varieties and varieties with less morphosyntactic rigorousness. It is found that Shynra Nuosu is morphosyntactically less rigorous than Yynuo and Suondi Nuosu. I will also address the relationship between the two structural forms of comparative constructions. To conclude, a prediction is made on the development of Nuosu adjectival comparatives.

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Damkor, Torkuma Tyonande, and Stephanie Terna. "Investigating into the varieties of language spoken at Benue State University, Makurdi." Journal of Languages, Linguistics and Literary Studies 1, no. 1 (October 15, 2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.57040/jllls.v1i1.73.

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In a multilingual speech community like Benue State University, Makurdi, where the members thereof have different native language backgrounds and English is chosen to be the official language, members of the university community speak different varieties of language in different domains. The paper entitled ‘Investigating into the varieties of language spoken at Benue State University (BSU), Makurdi’ is set to examine the varieties of language spoken on the BSU’s campus. The survey design was adopted, and questionnaires were used as the instruments for data collection for the paper. The analysis of the varieties of language spoken at the university was based on William Labov’s Variationist Theory which claims that differences are featured in the use of language among individuals based on the contexts. Through the analysis of the data, the researchers discovered that English, Pidgin, and native languages such as Tiv, Idoma, Igede, Etulo, Igbo, Hausa, among others, are spoken at the university. The study also discovered that Pidgin is predominantly used at the university despite the fact that English is the official language because academics and lecture rooms may be the only domains and settings that compulsorily enforce the use of English. The researchers, therefore, suggest that more efforts should be made to ensure a predominant use of English on the BSU’s campus since it is the official and prestigious language of Nigeria.

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Mennecier, Philippe, John Nerbonne, Evelyne Heyer, and Franz Manni. "A Central Asian Language Survey." Language Dynamics and Change 6, no. 1 (2016): 57–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00601015.

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We have documented language varieties (either Turkic or Indo-European) spoken in 23 test sites by 88 informants belonging to the major ethnic groups of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan (Karakalpaks, Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Tajiks, Uzbeks, Yaghnobis). The recorded linguistic material concerns 176 words of the extended Swadesh list and will be made publically available with the publication of this paper. Phonological diversity is measured by the Levenshtein distance and displayed as a consensus bootstrap tree and as multidimensional scaling plots. Linguistic contact is measured as the number of borrowings, from one linguistic family into the other, according to a precision/recall analysis further validated by expert judgment. Concerning Turkic languages, the results of our sample do not support Kazakh and Karakalpak as distinct languages and indicate the existence of several separate Karakalpak varieties. Kyrgyz and Uzbek, on the other hand, appear quite homogeneous. Among the Indo-Iranian languages, the distinction between Tajik and Yaghnobi varieties is very clear-cut. More generally, the degree of borrowing is higher than average where language families are in contact in one of the many sorts of situations characterizing Central Asia: frequent bilingualism, shifting political boundaries, ethnic groups living outside the “mother” country.

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Дисертації з теми "Analysis of Language Varieties"

Lingemyr, Jesper. "English Varieties in Swedish Upper Secondary School : An analysis of Listening Exercises in Swedish National Tests." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Engelska, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23579.

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The purpose of this project was to find out what varieties of English that Swedish upper secondary school students are exposed to in the classroom and to what extent they are exposed to different varieties. This was conducted by looking at preparation exercises for the listening part of the Swedish National Tests. These exercises are created by Göteborgs Universitet and are available online for everyone and show how the real national test will be done. By listening and analyzing every speaker’s variety they were sorted into British, American, Mid-Atlantic, Australian or New Zealand varieties. A total of 91 speakers were analyzed and the results showed that Students are exposed to mostly British English with half of the speakers using a British variety. One fourth of the speakers used American English while the rest were divided into Mid-Atlantic, Australian or New Zealand varieties.

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Eggert, Björn. "Global English and Listening Materials : A Textbook Analysis." Thesis, Karlstad University, Karlstad University, Karlstad University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4040.

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This paper focuses on listening materials used in English language teaching in Sweden, especially in respect to the concept of global English. Global English could briefly be described as the linguistic, cultural, politic, and economic influence of English in the world. This influence concerns two aspects of English, namely the usage of English as a lingua franca in international communications, as well as the great range of English varieties that are used today. The purpose of this research is to study how varied listening materials are and how, when and why they are used in the classrooms. I conducted a two-part investigation to study these matters. The first part of the investigation focuses on teachers’ usage of listening materials and is based on a questionnaire handed out to five teachers. I found that the teachers varied much in their usage of listening materials. In the second part of the investigation I compare the listening materials provided by two Swedish textbooks on English, one from 1994 and one from 2003. Here I focus on the speakers’ varieties, rate of delivery, and instructions given for listening exercises. I found that both books featured a majority of speakers from the British Isles and America, and very few non-native speakers. The more recent book featured a larger degree of varieties outside the areas of Britain and the USA, as well as a larger degree of American English when dividing the varieties by the time these were spoken. RP (Received Pronunciation) and GA (General American) were also less dominating in the textbook from 2003. The rate of delivery was generally slower in the older textbook. The results from this investigation suggest that some changes seem to have occurred between the publishing of the two books. However, a focus on English as a lingua franca, where the aim is proficiency in efficient cross cultural communication rather than in the English spoken by native speakers, does not seem to have influenced the textbooks studied here. It is difficult to appreciate whether or not changes like these have taken hold in Swedish classrooms, as teachers use many different listening materials and in many different ways.

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Christiansen, Martha Sidury Juarez Lopez. "Facebook as Transnational Space: Language and Identity among 1.5 and Second Generation Mexicans in Chicago." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366196872.

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Hoare, Rachel. "Attitudes towards language varieties in Brittany." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297908.

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This thesis investigates the attitudes of young people in Brittany (aged 8-18) towards varieties of language (especially Breton) and the link between language and identity. The sociolinguistic situation in Brittany (past and present) is outlined, and previous research on language attitudes is reviewed. In phase 1 of the project, different informants completed a written questionnaire (470 respondents) and a Matched Guise Test (258 listener-judges), the latter involving Breton, Breton-accented French and Standard-accented French. The questionnaire responses revealed a strong correlation, verified by chi-square tests, between levels of use of Breton and perceptions of identity. Although those respondents from the traditionally Bretonspeaking western part of Brittany (Basse Bretagne) were keen for the language to be preserved, very few were willing to contribute to this process. The respondents from traditionally non Breton-speaking eastern Brittany (Haute Bretagne) were less positive in their views on the future of Breton. The least favourable ratings for the future of Breton were expressed by 15 to 16 year old males, and this was attributed to differences between male and female peer group norms. Breton emerged very favourably from the Matched Guise Test with positive ratings for both status and solidarity traits (a distinction identified by factor analysis of the data). Further breakdown and analysis of the results for the two regions revealed major differences in the evaluation of Breton in Basse and Haute Bretagne, which were attributed to the perceptions of Breton as either Li or L2 by different informant groups. These differing perceptions of Breton further complicated the relationship between the varieties, which may have contributed to the unexpected downgrading of Standardaccented French in terms of status in several cases. The 13-14 year olds perceivedBreton-accented French as the most statusful of the three varieties, a reaction which was attributed to the typical use and positive reinforcement of non-standard speech forms by this age group. In phase 2, 62 informants from western Brittany participated in interviews (based on the questionnaire, administered previously to other respondents), and pair-discussions of the MGT recordings. The overall picture provided by the interviews indicated that although informants expressed a keen interest in improving their competence in Breton, they did not support initiatives designed to encourage this such as the compulsory teaching of Breton in schools. This finding, which supported that of the questionnaire, gave rise to the distinction between the passive and active expression of attitudes. The interviews also revealed the complexity of the relationship between language and identity, with the informants' assertions that Breton identity was more strongly related to origin and residence than competence in Breton. This apparent contradiction between perceptions of the role played by language in determining identity, and the reality of the informants' responses concerning use, appeared to be operating at the subconscious level. The pair-discussions revealed that age was a central aspect of identity which had not yet been investigated in the current project, and which provided an explanation for the different attitudes towards Breton speakers in the MGT: there was an equal division between those who considered them to be young L2 speakers and those who assumed them to be old native speakers of Breton. This aspect of identity also played a key role in the construction of profiles for each guise which gave typical reactions to each guise in order to highlight patterns running through the discourse data. The combination of different methods in the current study was designed to elicit different insights into attitudes and perceptions of identity in the data.

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Padgett, Erin. "Tools for Assessing Relatedness in Understudied Language Varieties| A Survey of Mixtec Varieties in Western Oaxaca, Mexico." Thesis, The University of North Dakota, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10607121.

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This thesis presents findings of research conducted on the relatedness of seven Mixtec varieties spoken in indigenous language communities in western Oaxaca, Mexico. Mixtec varieties vary widely from one community to the next, and it is necessary to determine the relatedness of Mixtec varieties in order to best serve the language development needs of communities. Understanding the relatedness of these varieties is also an important step in measuring their intelligibility.

I used three research tools to gather data: a General Wordlist, a Tone Wordlist, and a Sociolinguistic Questionnaire. I present five analyses: percentage of phonologically similar forms, displaying phonological correspondences using isoglosses, two analyses of tone patterns, and reported intelligibility. Taken together, the first four analyses provide a clear picture of the linguistic relations of the Mixtec varieties studied. The analyses of tone and use of isoglosses are of particular note, as they present new strategies for analyzing unstudied tonal languages and language families. Findings on linguistic relatedness are then compared to the reported intelligibility of native speakers from the Questionnaire. With minor exceptions, the proposed relatedness matches up closely with intelligibility reported by survey participants.

I then clarify how preexisting linguistic designations for this region could be improved, based on my findings. The Ethnologue currently includes all seven of the language varieties surveyed under a single designation, but my findings show that it is necessary to list YUC in a separate designation from the other six communities. The Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas (INALI, National Institute of Indigenous Languages) needs to revise its current designations so that YUC is left under its current designation, the mixteco del oeste alto (High Western Mixtec), while all of the six varieties surveyed should be under the mixteco del oeste (Western Mixtec) designation.

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Fristedt, Emma. "Irish loanwords in English varieties." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-27603.

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This essay will discuss and research the width and frequency of Irish loanwords in contemporary English varieties. The meanings, uses, differences, similarities and collocations of selected words will be discussed and analyzed in order to find answers to the research questions asked. The methods used are quantitative and qualitative research methods. The quantitative method will measure the frequency of the selected words in each of the selected varieties and the qualitative method will discuss the meanings and uses of the words in the different varieties. Each word has its own section which discuss meanings, developments and instances in which the words can be found in the different varieties. These sections are summarized at the end of the essay and the conclusion states that Irish loanwords in contemporary English varieties are not greatly widespread compared to the frequency of the same words in Irish English. A few of the words have been able to develop their meaning and use through time, but most instances of the words show the original meaning and use.

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Kurz, Claudia. "Function words and simplification in contact varieties of German /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487949150071939.

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Ebarb, Kristopher J. "Tone and variation in Idakho and other Luhya varieties." Thesis, Indiana University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3640905.

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Bantu languages commonly signal tense, aspect, mood, polarity, and clause-type distinctions with tonal as well as segmental cues. The inflectional tonal melodies on verbs may be viewed as underlyingly floating H tones (henceforth `melodic Hs') contributed by the morpho-syntax that are assigned by rule to different positions within the verb. Along with a small set of construction specific tonal adjustment rules, the number and position of melodic Hs distinguish one tonal melody from another.

The present dissertation makes two contributions to the study of the special role that tone plays in Bantu verbal morpho-syntax. First, it contributes extensive novel documentation of the verbal tone system of Idakho: a variety of the Luhya cluster of Bantu languages spoken near Lake Victoria in western Kenya and eastern Uganda. Second, I show how aspects of the Idakho system and that of other Luhya varieties like it have contributed to the development of rich diversity within the verbal tone systems of Luhya.

Part I comprises the descriptive component of the dissertation and emphasizes the impact of several factors known to influence verb tone in Bantu. Because many language consultants contributed to the project, the dissertation makes note of variation within and across speakers of Idakho. In Part II, I demonstrate the role that a preference for prosodically well-cued morphological boundaries has played in two striking tonal developments within the Luhya macrolanguage: the loss of a lexical tonal contrast reconstructed to Proto-Bantu and the introduction of tonal melodies in constructions for which there is no historical precedence for tonal inflection.

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Schmiedtova, Barbara. "At the same time ... the expression of simultaneity in learner varieties /." Berlin ; New York : Mouton de Gruyter, 2004. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10197197.

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Wilk, Emilie. "Native Speakers' Attitudes toward Regional Varieties of Arabic." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1048.

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This thesis investigates attitudes toward different regional varieties of Arabic and how native speakers perceive their own dialect vis-à-vis others. Building from previous research in the field, this study specifically seeks to learn which dialects are preferred, which are seen as being nearest to Standard Arabic (fuṣḥā), and whether there is a correlation between masculinity and fuṣḥā. The results of a two-part sociolinguistic questionnaire, distributed to 44 participants, suggest that many native Arabic speakers have overall positive attitudes about their own dialects, though this is often complicated by factors of prestige and gender. When asked directly which dialect they believed to be most similar to fuṣḥā, many participants list Arabian Peninsula varieties, yet when asked more indirectly the majority of participants indicate their own dialect is nearest to fuṣḥā. Finally, the proposed relationship between masculinity and fuṣḥā, suggested but never substantiated by earlier studies, proves to be epiphenomenal here.

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Книги з теми "Analysis of Language Varieties"

Albrecht, Neubert, Thiele Wolfgang, and Todenhagen Christian 1940-, eds. Text, varieties, translation. Tübingen: Stauffenburg, 2001.

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Carol, Myers-Scotton, ed. Codes and consequences: Choosing linguistic varieties. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

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Omar, Sheikh al-Shabab, ed. Discourse structuring and text analysis of three varieties of English. London, England: Janus Pub., 1996.

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Holes, Clive. Modern Arabic: Structures, functions, and varieties. London: Longman, 1995.

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Dal Corso, Elia. Materials and Methods of Analysis for the Study of the Ainu Language Southern Hokkaidō and Sakhalin Varieties. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-585-8.

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This volume is intended to be a practical manual to learn the basics of the Ainu language, in its varieties of Southern Hokkaidō and Sakhalin. Thanks to its bottom-up approach and to the activities presented following a growing level of difficulty, this manual is suited for students even superficially trained in general linguistics as well as for the experienced linguist with no previous knowledge of the Ainu language. Through the selected language examples, the reader can also appreciate the regional differences of Ainu and have a glimpse into the Ainu folklore tradition.

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Cerruti, Massimo, and Stavroula Tsiplakou, eds. Intermediate Language Varieties. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/silv.24.

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Holstein, James, and Jaber Gubrium. Varieties of Narrative Analysis. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781506335117.

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Prikhodkine, Alexei, and Dennis R. Preston, eds. Responses to Language Varieties. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.39.

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Language in the National Curriculum Project. Eastern Region. Looking at language varieties. Huntingdon: eastLINC, 1991.

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Smith, Frances. Looking at language varieties. [s.l.]: EastLINC, 1991.

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Частини книг з теми "Analysis of Language Varieties"

Mueller, Simone. "Time is money – everywhere? Analysing time metaphors across varieties of English." In Metaphor in Language, Cognition, and Communication, 79–104. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/milcc.5.05mue.

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Fuchs, Martín, María Mercedes Piñango, and Ashwini Deo. "Operationalizing the Role of Context in Language Variation: The Role of Perspective Alignment in the Spanish Imperfective Domain." In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 201–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50200-3_10.

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AbstractWe present a cognitively grounded analysis of the pattern of variation that underlies the use of two aspectual markers in Spanish (the Simple-Present marker, Ana baila ‘Ana dances’, and the Present-Progressive marker, Ana está bailando ‘Ana is dancing’) when they express an event-in-progress reading. This analysis is centered around one fundamental communicative goal, which we term perspectivealignment: the bringing of the hearer’s perspective closer to that of the speaker. Perspective alignment optimizes the tension between two nonlinguistic constraints: Theory of Mind, which gives rise to linguisticexpressivity, and Common Ground, which gives rise to linguisticeconomy. We propose that, linguistically, perspectivealignment capitalizes on lexicalized meanings, such as the progressive meaning, that can bring the hearer to the “here and now”. In Spanish, progressive meaning can be conveyed with the Present-Progressive marker regardless of context. By contrast, if the Simple-Present marker is used for that purpose, it must be in a context of shared perceptual access between speaker and hearer; precisely, a condition that establishes perspectivealignment non-linguistically. Support for this analysis comes from a previously observed yet unexplained pattern of contextually-determined variation for the use of the Simple-Present marker in Iberian and Rioplatense (vs. Mexican) Spanish—in contrast to the preference across all three varieties for the use of the Present-Progressive marker—to express an event-in-progress reading.

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Huang, Xiaoxia. "Model Varieties." In Portfolio Analysis, 157–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11214-0_5.

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Kortum, Richard D. "Poetic Language." In Varieties of Tone, 75–81. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137263544_14.

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Thorne, Sara. "Other varieties." In Mastering Advanced English Language, 430–49. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13645-2_19.

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Spolsky, Bernard. "Jewish language varieties." In Endangered Languages and Languages in Danger, 387–409. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.42.17spo.

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Cerruti, Massimo, and Alessandro Vietti. "Identifying language varieties." In The Coherence of Linguistic Communities, 261–80. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003134558-20.

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Wong, Laiana. "Language Varieties and Language Policy." In Studies in Bilingualism, 205. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sibil.16.15won.

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Pons-Sanz, Sara M. "Linguistic Varieties." In The Language of Early English Literature, 197–220. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-39387-6_9.

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Lester, G. A. "Linguistic Varieties." In The Language of Old and Middle English Poetry, 131–47. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24561-1_8.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Analysis of Language Varieties"

Olbata, Yabes. "Language Varieties Analysis of Dialect Differences in Bahasa Dawan." In Ninth International Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 9). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/conaplin-16.2017.80.

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Donoso, Gonzalo, and David Sanchez. "Dialectometric analysis of language variation in Twitter." In Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects (VarDial). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-1202.

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Rama, Taraka, Çağrı Çöltekin, and Pavel Sofroniev. "Computational analysis of Gondi dialects." In Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects (VarDial). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-1203.

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Costa-jussà, Marta R. "Why Catalan-Spanish Neural Machine Translation? Analysis, comparison and combination with standard Rule and Phrase-based technologies." In Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on NLP for Similar Languages, Varieties and Dialects (VarDial). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-1207.

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Tárnyiková, Jarmila. "The multifaceted and whimsical nature of discourse." In 9th Brno Conference on Linguistics Studies in English. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-1.

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My contribution, rooted in functional and systemic grammar, is based on the assumption that though discourse as a social behaviour and verbal interaction has been studied by great minds for decades, the dynamism of human evolution and the consequent changes in communicative strategies can hardly leave discourse analysts immune to a whole spectrum of new challenges. These are evoked by changes in the scope of items considered to be relevant for present-day research, by blurring the traditional borderlines between categories (written manifestation of spoken discourse in chatting), but before all by the existence of language corpora offering the immensity of data across genres, language varieties and language interfaces. A brief introduction (Part 1) will be followed by three main parts, focusing on reasons for multifacetedness in discourse (Part 2), whimsical nature of discourse (Part 3), and hands-on experience with overt language manifestations of vagueness, as exemplified by English placeholders (Mrs Thingy, John Whatsisname, whatchamacallit, so-and-so) emergent from the BNC and COCA corpora (Part 4). The aim is twofold: to map the facets which contribute to patterning and variation in discourse shaping, and by using authentic language data amplify the role of peripheral language devices in interaction.

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Edlichko, Anzhela I. "CODIFICATION OF THE ORTHOEPIC NORMS OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE: HISTORY AND CURRENT SITUATION." In 49th International Philological Conference in Memory of Professor Ludmila Verbitskaya (1936–2019). St. Petersburg State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062353.07.

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The article discusses the development of the lexicographic codification of pronunciation norms of German. It gives an overview of the orthoepic norm, its varieties and inherent features, relations between the norm and standard of pronunciation. Pronouncing dictionaries since the end of the 19th century have been studied as primary sources, some phonetic phenomena are also illustrated with the explanatory dictionaries of earlier periods. The lexicographic codification of the pronunciation norms in historical retrospect is briefly analyzed: from exaggerated articulation of actors in Germany to actual sound phenomena using in the pronunciation of professional radio and television announcers, which includes the pronouncing features of authentic oral media communication. Special attention is paid to the problem of codification of the orthoepic standard in different types of dictionaries in light of the pluricentricity of German, due to lack of empirical analyses. The article also represents the current orthoepic dictionaries, which include information about the sounds of three standards of German in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Study of their structure and content features made it possible to identify some advantages and disadvantages. As a result of the study, the author concludes with changing approaches to the codification of pronunciation norms, such as transformation of the metalanguage, expansion of the empirical base, use of contemporary sociophonetic methods in its analysis, some structural and content changes in the dictionaries. These modifications are shown to be connected with the change of the lexicographic paradigm and the turn from monocentricity to pluricentricity due to sociocultural and sociolinguistic factors. Refs 24.

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Lovrits, Veronika. "Adverse ‘native speaker’ effects on Anglophones in the multilingual workplace." In 9th Brno Conference on Linguistics Studies in English. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0212-2022-4.

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In order to explore the social effects of the differentiation between ‘native’ and ‘non-native’ varieties of English, the present qualitative study followed six Anglophone trainees in an EU institution in Luxembourg. Data were gathered in 2018/19 and 2020/21, combining on-site observations with longitudinal and one-off interviews. Research incited participants’ reflections on language practices at work and mapped their discursive positioning. Conclusions drawn from a sociolinguistic analysis of stances show that, despite the vagueness and lack of clearly definable linguistic characteristics for the category, being labelled as ‘native English’ brought distinct negative effects to the experience of the ‘native English’ participants. The contribution highlights the social constructivist character of the native/non-native dichotomy and draws attention to its adverse effects in the multilingual workplace and beyond.

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Fatima Hajizada, Fatima Hajizada. "SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE AMERICAN VERSION OF THE BRITISH LANGUAGE." In THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC – PRACTICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE IN MODERN & SOCIAL SCIENCES: NEW DIMENSIONS, APPROACHES AND CHALLENGES. IRETC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/mssndac-01-10.

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English is one of the most spoken languages in the world. A global language communication is inherent in him. This language is also distinguished by a significant diversity of dialects and speech. It appeared in the early Middle Ages as the spoken language of the Anglo-Saxons. The formation of the British Empire and its expansion led to the widespread English language in Asia, Africa, North America and Australia. As a result, the Metropolitan language became the main communication language in the English colonies, and after independence it became State (USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) and official (India, Nigeria, Singapore). Being one of the 6 Official Languages of the UN, it is studied as a foreign language in educational institutions of many countries in the modern time [1, 2, s. 12-14]. Despite the dozens of varieties of English, the American (American English) version, which appeared on the territory of the United States, is one of the most widespread. More than 80 per cent of the population in this country knows the American version of the British language as its native language. Although the American version of the British language is not defined as the official language in the US Federal Constitution, it acts with features and standards reinforced in the lexical sphere, the media and the education system. The growing political and economic power of the United States after World War II also had a significant impact on the expansion of the American version of the British language [3]. Currently, this language version has become one of the main topics of scientific research in the field of linguistics, philology and other similar spheres. It should also be emphasized that the American version of the British language paved the way for the creation of thousands of words and expressions, took its place in the general language of English and the world lexicon. “Okay”, “teenager”, “hitchhike”, “landslide” and other words can be shown in this row. The impact of differences in the life and life of colonists in the United States and Great Britain on this language was not significant either. The role of Nature, Climate, Environment and lifestyle should also be appreciated here. There is no officially confirmed language accent in the United States. However, most speakers of national media and, first of all, the CNN channel use the dialect “general American accent”. Here, the main accent of “mid Pppemestern” has been guided. It should also be noted that this accent is inherent in a very small part of the U.S. population, especially in Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois. But now all Americans easily understand and speak about it. As for the current state of the American version of the British language, we can say that there are some hypotheses in this area. A number of researchers perceive it as an independent language, others-as an English variant. The founder of American spelling, American and British lexicographer, linguist Noah Pondebster treats him as an independent language. He also tried to justify this in his work “the American Dictionary of English” written in 1828 [4]. This position was expressed by a Scottish-born English philologist, one of the authors of the “American English Dictionary”Sir Alexander Craigie, American linguist Raven ioor McDavid Jr. and others also confirm [5]. The second is the American linguist Leonard Bloomfield, one of the creators of the descriptive direction of structural linguistics, and other American linguists Edward Sapir and Charles Francis Hockett. There is also another group of “third parties” that accept American English as a regional dialect [5, 6]. A number of researchers [2] have shown that the accent or dialect in the US on the person contains significantly less data in itself than in the UK. In Great Britain, a dialect speaker is viewed as a person with a low social environment or a low education. It is difficult to perceive this reality in the US environment. That is, a person's speech in the American version of the British language makes it difficult to express his social background. On the other hand, the American version of the British language is distinguished by its faster pace [7, 8]. One of the main characteristic features of the American language array is associated with the emphasis on a number of letters and, in particular, the pronunciation of the letter “R”. Thus, in British English words like “port”, “more”, “dinner” the letter “R” is not pronounced at all. Another trend is related to the clear pronunciation of individual syllables in American English. Unlike them, the Britons “absorb”such syllables in a number of similar words [8]. Despite all these differences, an analysis of facts and theoretical knowledge shows that the emergence and formation of the American version of the British language was not an accidental and chaotic process. The reality is that the life of the colonialists had a huge impact on American English. These processes were further deepened by the growing migration trends at the later historical stage. Thus, the language of the English-speaking migrants in America has been developed due to historical conditions, adapted to the existing living environment and new life realities. On the other hand, the formation of this independent language was also reflected in the purposeful policy of the newly formed US state. Thus, the original British words were modified and acquired a fundamentally new meaning. Another point here was that the British acharism, which had long been out of use, gained a new breath and actively entered the speech circulation in the United States. Thus, the analysis shows that the American version of the British language has specific features. It was formed and developed as a result of colonization and expansion. This development is still ongoing and is one of the languages of millions of US states and people, as well as audiences of millions of people. Keywords: American English, English, linguistics, accent.

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Hossain, Awlad. "Teaching an Undergraduate Introductory Finite Element Analysis Course: Successful Implementation for Students Learning." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50091.

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In our institution, we offer a one-quarter long finite element analysis (FEA) class for Mechanical Engineering curriculum. This course teaches computational methods to solve engineering problems using the state of art FEA software ANSYS. The coursework involves teaching fundamental mathematical theories to build the concept, analyzing simple structural problems using matrix algebra, and then solving a wide variety of engineering problems dealing with statics, dynamics, heat transfer and others. Students enrolled in this class solve varieties of problem by analytical approach, finite element approach using matrix algebra, using APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language) and ANSYS Workbench. As we are in quarter system, it is challenging to solve additional multidisciplinary complex engineering problems in regular class lectures. Therefore, students enrolled in this class are required to conduct a project solvable by student version of ANSYS within very short time. The project must have adequate engineering complexity conveying interesting knowledge or technical concepts to the entire class. Students have to prepare a brief written report, and share what they have learned with the entire class giving an oral presentation. While a course in FEA could be a common offering in many universities, the author of this paper presents the pedagogical approaches undertaken to successfully implement the course objectives to the undergraduate engineering students. The topics and techniques applied to teach different concepts of FEA to enhance students learning outcomes are addressed in this paper.

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Vollmann, Ralf, and Soon Tek Wooi. "The Sociolinguistic Registers of ‘Malaysian English’." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.7-1.

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The interplay of four standard languages and a number of spoken languages makes Malaysia an interesting case of societal multilingualism. There is extensive convergence between the spoken varieties. ‘Malaysian English’ (ME) has developed its own structures which can be shown to copy structures of the mother tongues of the speakers at all levels of grammar, thereby being an example for localisation and the creation of a new dialect/sociolect. An analysis of the basilectal register of ME in ethnic Chinese speakers finds that converging patterns of ME and Malaysian (Chinese) languages, with situational lexical borrowing between the various languages. Sociolinguistically, ME plays the same role as any dialect, with covert prestige as an ingroup (identity) marker which is avoided in acrolectal (outgroup) communication. Spoken English in Malaysia can therefore be seen as a localised creoloid dialect of English, based on linguistic substrates. Sociolinguistically, ME is mainly an orate register for basilectal and mesolectal intra-group communication.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Analysis of Language Varieties"

Grishman, Ralph. Domain Modeling for Language Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada203444.

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Cai, Jiazhen. A Language for Semantic Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada453254.

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Ghormley, Douglas, Geoffrey Reedy, and Kirk Landin. Language Independent Static Analysis (LISA). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1673452.

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Pin, F. G., E. M. Oblow, and R. Q. Wright. Automated sensitivity analysis using the GRESS language. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6022495.

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Chisterson, Mangus. Closed Loop Analysis Meta-Language Program (CLAMP). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada564712.

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Ore, Brian M., Stephen A. Thorn, David M. Hoeferlin, Raymond E. Slyh, and Eric G. Hansen. Foreign Language Analysis and Recognition (FLARE) Progress. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada616191.

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Kim, Jung Hee. Language Analysis and Generation in Algebra Tutorial Dialogues for Language-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada422821.

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Robinson, David Gerald. Statistical language analysis for automatic exfiltration event detection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/983675.

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Liang, Yiqing. Video Retrieval Based on Language and Image Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada364129.

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Ore, Brian M., Stephen A. Thorn, David M. Hoeferlin, Raymond E. Slyh, and Eric G. Hansen. Foreign Language Analysis and Recognition (FLARe) Initial Progress. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada577611.

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