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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Amphibiens – Habitat"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 21 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Amphibiens – Habitat"

Villard, Marc-André, Marc J. Mazerolle, and Samuel Haché. "L’impact des routes, au-delà des collisions : le cas des oiseaux forestiers et des amphibiens." Le Naturaliste canadien 136, no. 2 (May 11, 2012): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1009108ar.

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Bien que plus difficiles à quantifier, les effets indirects des routes sur la faune devraient être considérés au même titre que la mortalité routière, car certaines espèces évitent les abords des routes au moins durant une partie de l’année, ce qui peut mener à une fragmentation plus ou moins permanente de leurs populations. D’autre part, on observe chez plusieurs espèces un effet de bordure suivant lequel les abords des routes constituent un habitat de qualité marginale en raison du bruit, des substances et particules projetées par le passage des véhicules, des substances utilisées pour l’entretien routier (p. ex. sels de déglaçage) ou d’autres facteurs. Les oiseaux forestiers étudiés s’avèrent sensibles à la présence de routes à circulation intense, probablement en raison de la pollution sonore, alors qu’une espèce étudiée s’est avérée relativement tolérante à la construction d’une route de gravier. Quant aux amphibiens, les juvéniles en dispersion de 3 des 5 espèces étudiées semblaient éviter la traversée de routes pavées. Les gestionnaires de l’environnement devraient planifier l’aménagement des réseaux routiers dans la perspective du paysage afin d’éviter de dégrader ou de fragmenter les habitats critiques et de créer des barrières pour les mouvements saisonniers des espèces sensibles.

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Leclair Jr., Raymond, Chantale Lamontagne, and Antoine Aubin. "Allométrie de la masse du squelette chez des amphibiens anoures." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-049.

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To verify the functional hypotheses that link, in vertebrates, the skeletal mass (Ms) to the total body mass (Mt), the skeletons of 75 adult specimens of anuran amphibians (Mt = 5–400 g) belonging to 7 species, aquatic, semiaquatic, or terrestrial (5 Rana, Bufo americanus, and Xenopus laevis), have been extracted by enzymatic maceration, and air-dried. Covariance analyses show significant differences in position, but not in slope, between the anuran species in the specific allometric relationships [Formula: see text]. A Spearman rank test indicated a highly significant relationship between the regression-line position and the level of species infeodation to the aquatic habitat. The relationship is more evident for the Ranids. The relative mass of the skeleton in terrestrial species (e.g., R. sylvatica: 4.4%) can be twice that of aquatic species (e.g., R. septentrionalis: 2.3%). For the 75 anuran specimens, the calculated allometric equation, [Formula: see text], is very close to the one already established for teleost fish. When R. septentrionalis is excluded, the allometric coefficient becomes significantly inferior to unity (b = 0.928). It is concluded that the relative mass of the skeleton is linked with individual and species body size but that the life mode has a preponderant influence. A model that takes into account intra- and inter-specific variations in body mass is developed to predict the skeletal mass of an anuran.

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Kusrini, M. D., L. R. Khairunnisa, A. Nusantara, A. P. Kartono, L. B. Prasetyo, N. T. Ayuningrum, and F. H. Faz. "Diversity of Amphibians and Reptiles in Various Anthropogenic Disturbance Habitats in Nantu Forest, Sulawesi, Indonesia." Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management) 26, no. 3 (December 12, 2020): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.26.3.291.

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The Nantu Forest in Gorontalo Province, Sulawesi, Indonesia holds one of the few remaining pristine habitats in the island. The reserve is surrounded by human habituation which provide opportunity to study the impact of forest lost on biodversity. In addition, data on Nantu mostly focused on big mammals, as there is no previous herpetofauna survey at the area. Sampling of amphibian and reptile was conducted in June 2013 and in May–June 2014 using Visual Encounter Survey method, glue traps and transect sampling in seven different sites at the eastern part of Nantu. We categorized four habitat types based on human disturbances: high disturbed habitat (HDH), moderate disturbed habitat (MDH), low disturbed habitat (LDH) and pristine habitat (PH). A total of 680 individual amphibians (4 families; 17 species) and 119 individual reptiles (9 families; 29 species) were recorded. Species richness and species composition for amphibians and reptiles differs according to the level of human disturbances. Low level disturbances habitat demonstrated the highest diversity of amphibians and reptiles, whereas as expected, high distubed habitat showed the lowest diversity. Anthropogenic pressures in forest will decrease species richness of amphibian and reptiles. Although most amphibian and reptiles will be able to persist in low disturbances habitat, forest-dependent species will be lost when pristine forests are disturbed.

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Manenti, Raoul, and Roberta Pennati. "Environmental factors associated with amphibian breeding in streams and springs: effects of habitat and fish occurrence." Amphibia-Reptilia 37, no. 2 (2016): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003040.

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Streams are among the most threatened aquatic habitats for amphibians. Amphibians often demonstrate a complex community structure and investigations are mainly performed on pond-dwelling species, whereas data regarding stream-dwelling species is still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relevance of stream features and the effects of the occurrence of predatory fish on the community structure of amphibians. To assess the occurrence of breeding among amphibians (in Northern Apennine streams), sampling was performed on 57 stream and spring sites between early March and late May 2014. The research process recorded the presence of four breeding species (Salamandra salamandra, Salamandrina perspicillata, Bufo bufo, and Rana italica) and discovered that the community structures of amphibians were significantly connected to different habitat features. The investigation showed that fish presence is the primary habitat feature that affects the communities of amphibians: B. bufo was the only amphibian species not affected by fish presence, while the other species avoided sites with fish. Sun exposure, depth of water and slope inclination played important roles in affecting amphibian breeding. Our study confirms that fish presence in small streams can be detrimental for different amphibian species.

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Krishnamurthy, S. V. "Amphibian assemblages in undisturbed and disturbed areas of Kudremukh National Park, central Western Ghats, India." Environmental Conservation 30, no. 3 (September 2003): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892903000274.

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Human activities have fragmented amphibian habitats and affected amphibian diversity and distribution, but the ecology is poorly known. A four-year study assessed the diversity and distribution of amphibians in undisturbed and disturbed sites of the Kudremukh National Park (KNP), India. Iron-ore mining and associated activities in the KNP have induced habitat fragmentation. The disturbed sites had ranges of habitat variables clearly distinguishable from undisturbed sites. Thirty-six species of anurans and six species of caecilians have been recorded in the KNP and the total amphibian species richness represents 20% of the whole Indian amphibian fauna. Among these, 20 species were distributed in both disturbed and undisturbed sites, while 22 were found only in undisturbed sites indicating they may be threatened by further habitat fragmentation. Species diversity and richness formed two distinct groups clearly associated with disturbed and undisturbed habitats, respectively.

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Terblanche, Naas, and John Measey. "The conservation value of freshwater habitats for frog communities of lowland fynbos." PeerJ 11 (June 5, 2023): e15516. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15516.

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Amphibians are more threatened than any other vertebrate class, yet evidence for many threats is missing. The Cape lowland fynbos (endemic scrub biome) is threatened by habitat loss, and natural temporary freshwater habitats are removed in favour of permanent impoundments. In this study, we determine amphibian assemblages across different freshwater habitat types with special attention to the presence of invasive fish. We find that anuran communities differ primarily by habitat type, with permanent water habitats having more widespread taxa, while temporary water bodies have more range restricted taxa. Invasive fish are found to have a significant impact on frogs with toads most tolerant of their presence. Temporary freshwater habitats are a conservation priority in the area, and their amphibian assemblages represent endemic taxa that are intolerant of invasive fish. Conservation of a biodiverse amphibian assemblage in lowland fynbos areas will rely on the creation of temporary freshwater habitats, rather than a northern hemisphere pond based solution.

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Kim, Hyun Woo, Pradeep Adhikari, Min Ho Chang, and Changwan Seo. "Potential Distribution of Amphibians with Different Habitat Characteristics in Response to Climate Change in South Korea." Animals 11, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 2185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082185.

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Amphibian species are highly vulnerable to climate change with significant species decline and extinction predicted worldwide. However, there are very limited studies on amphibians in South Korea. Here, we assessed the potential impacts of climate change on different habitat groups (wetland amphibians, Group 1; migrating amphibians, Group 2; and forest-dwelling amphibians, Group 3) under future climate change and land cover change in South Korea using a maximum entropy modelling approach. Our study revealed that all amphibians would suffer substantial loss of suitable habitats in the future, except Lithobates catesbeianus, Kaloula borealis, and Karsenia koreana. Similarly, species richness for Groups 2 and 3 will decline by 2030, 2050, and 2080. Currently, amphibian species are widely distributed across the country; however, in future, suitable habitats for amphibians would be concentrated along the Baekdudaegan Mountain Range and the southeastern region. Among the three groups, Group 3 amphibians are predicted to be the most vulnerable to climate change; therefore, immediate conservation action is needed to protect them. We expect this study could provide crucial baseline information required for the government to design climate change mitigation strategies for indigenous amphibians.

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Dalbeck, Lutz. "A review of the influence of beaver Castor fiber on amphibian assemblages in the floodplains of European temperate streams and rivers." Herpetological Journal, Volume 30, Number 3 (July 1, 2020): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33256/hj30.3.135146.

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Once widespread throughout Eurasia and hunted nearly to extinction, the Eurasian beaver Castor fiber has returned to large parts of its former range, largely through active conservation measures. Beavers can substantially alter small, low order streams and their floodplains through dam construction, burrowing activities and tree felling. Therefore, it is presumed they can significantly influence amphibian distributions, species richness and numbers. We undertook a literature review to compare the available data addressing the effects of beaver dams on amphibians in streams of central temperate and boreal Europe. All 19 amphibian species occurring in the study region were found in beaver ponds, despite their distinctly different habitat requirements. Amphibian species acting as pioneers / early colonisers were under-represented in beaver ponds compared to typical forest species. Open country and ubiquitous species showed intermediate patterns. Beaver ponds in headwater streams often supported the entire spectrum of species occurring in the surrounding landscape, and species numbers in beaver modified headwater streams were comparable to those in floodplains of larger natural rivers. In small headwater streams, beavers tended to be the primary providers of essential habitat for amphibians. In contrast, beaver ponds in the floodplains of larger rivers appeared to have less effect and supported lower average species numbers compared to beaver ponds in headwater streams. We propose that beavers and their habitat creating activities are pivotal determinants of amphibian species richness in the headwater streams, which account for 60–80 % of the water bodies in catchment areas in temperate Europe. By creating habitat for endangered amphibian species, beavers and their ability to modify habitats offer extensive opportunities to implement many aspects of the European Water Framework Directive across the continent and to restore amphibian habitats, contributing to their long-term conservation.

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Siffert, Océane, Jérôme Pellet, Petra Ramseier, Ursina Tobler, Ariel Bergamini, and Benedikt R. Schmidt. "Where Land and Water Meet: Making Amphibian Breeding Sites Attractive for Amphibians." Diversity 14, no. 10 (October 4, 2022): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14100834.

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The protection of wetlands is a cornerstone in the conservation of pond-breeding amphibians. Because protected wetlands are rarely natural areas, but are often man-made, at least in Europe, it is important that they are well managed to fulfill their intended function. Appropriate management requires knowledge of the ecology of the species, particularly habitat requirements. Here, we combine species monitoring data and habitat mapping data in an analysis where our goal was to describe the factors that determine the occupancy of amphibian species in federally protected amphibian breeding sites. As expected, every species had its own habitat requirements, often a combination of both a terrestrial and aquatic habitat (i.e., landscape complementation). In most species, occupancy was strongly positively affected with the amount of aquatic habitat, but predicted occupancy probabilities were low because the amount of aquatic habitat was low in most sites. The area or proportion of ruderal vegetation also had positive effects on multiple species, while other types of terrestrial habitat (e.g., meadows) led to low occupancy probabilities. The total area of the protected breeding sites was never included in a final model and connectivity was important only for one species (Triturus cristatus). The latter finding implies that the quality of the landscape between breeding sizes is more important than distance per se, while the former implies that the area of some specific habitats within breeding sites is crucial for high occupancies. Thus, increasing the amount of aquatic habitats and likewise terrestrial habitats within protected areas would make them more likely to achieve their conservation objectives. Our study is an example of how the joint analysis of monitoring data and habitat data (based on mapping in the field) can lead to evidence-based suggestions on how to improve conservation practice.

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Brown, Donald J., Garrett M. Street, Robert W. Nairn, and Michael R. J. Forstner. "A Place to Call Home: Amphibian Use of Created and Restored Wetlands." International Journal of Ecology 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/989872.

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Loss and degradation of wetland habitats are major contributing factors to the global decline of amphibians. Creation and restoration of wetlands could be a valuable tool for increasing local amphibian species richness and abundance. We synthesized the peer-reviewed literature addressing amphibian use of created and restored wetlands, focusing on aquatic habitat, upland habitat, and wetland connectivity and configuration. Amphibian species richness or abundance at created and restored wetlands was either similar to or greater than reference wetlands in 89% of studies. Use of created and restored wetlands by individual species was driven by aquatic and terrestrial habitat preferences, as well as ability to disperse from source wetlands. We conclude that creating and restoring wetlands can be valuable tools for amphibian conservation. However, the ecological needs and preferences of target species must be considered to maximize the potential for successful colonization and long-term persistence.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Amphibiens – Habitat"

Perret, Nadège. "Dynamique de population en habitat fragmenté chez deux espèces d'amphibiens urodèles (Triturus alpestris et T cristatus)." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10283.

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La dispersion est un processus clé en écologie en raison de ses implications multiples tant au niveau de la dynamique des populations fragmentées, des variations des stratégies d'occupations de l'espace que de la viabilité des populations. Nous avons cherché dans ce travail à mettre en évidence les modalités de dispersion chez deux espèces d'amphibiens urogèles : les tritons alpestres et les tritons crêtés (espèce patrimoniale). Ces deux espèces, par leur mode de reproduction qui généère une agrégation des adultes dans des mares, représentent typiquement le schéma structurel d'espèces se reproduisant dans des patches d'habitats framgentés (les mares). L'habitat est caractérisé par une hétérogénéité spatio-temporelle de la capacité d'accueil qui est à l'origine de processus de dispersion. Les méthodes utilisées pour appréhender les processus dispersifs seront tour à tour l'analyse démographique par capture-marquage-recapture (CMR) dans différentes populations framgentées, la modélisation mathématique et l'expérimentation. Nous avons tout d'abord caractérisé l'impact des méthodes de marquage (tatouage et transpondeur) sur la survie des tritons alpestres. [. . . ] Les mécanismes comportementaux qui influencent la sélection de l'habitat lors de la dispersion sont étudiés. [. . . ] L'ensemble de ces résultats sont ensuite discutés en regard avec les théories actuelles concernant l'évolution de la dispersion, la variabilité spatio-temporelle de la distribution des individus dans les populations fragmentées liées à la dispersion, et enfin, en rapport avec la sélection de l'habitat par le comportement d'attraction par les congénères comme vecteur d'agrégation lors de la reproduction de ces amphibiens

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Rejaud, Alexandre. "Origine et diversité des Amphibiens d'Amazonie." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30161.

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Avec une surface de plus de six millions de kilomètres carrés, l'Amazonie abrite la plus grande forêt tropicale humide au monde, ainsi qu'une grande partie de la diversité terrestre. Cependant, les origines spatiales et temporelles de cette diversité demeurent mal comprises et nécessitent d'être plus étudiées pour identifier les causes de cette impressionnante diversification. Les amphibiens sont un groupe taxonomique particulièrement adapté à l'étude de la biogéographie historique en Amazonie car ils ont diversifié de manière importante dans la région et présentent d'importante variations d'utilisation de l'habitat ainsi que de capacités de dispersion entre groupes. Nous avons d'abord reconstruit l'histoire biogéographique du genre Allobates qui se rencontre principalement dans des forêts de terra-firme et pour lequel l'Amazonie de l'Ouest a joué un rôle important de source de diversification il y a entre 14 et 10 Millions d'années. Ce patron spatio-temporel coïncide avec une période marquée par la présence d'un système de méga-marécage qui recouvrait la plupart de l'Amazonie de l'Ouest il y a entre 23 et 10 Millions d'années. La décharge progressive de ce système marécageux a été suivie par une expansion des forêts de terra-firme en Amazonie de l'Ouest, une disponibilité en habitat favorable qui a probablement contribué à la diversification d'Allobates. Nos résultats suggèrent également que les rivières de l'Ouest Amazonien ont pu promouvoir la diversification au cours des 10 derniers Millions d'années en agissant comme une barrière semi-perméable à la dispersion, permettant la spéciation par dispersion suivie d'isolation géographique. Dans un second temps, nous avons reconstruit l'histoire biogéographique du groupe Pristimantis conspicillatus qui a diversifié de manière continue au cours du temps. Ce groupe présente un patron spatial de diversification particulier, avec quatre clades anciens ayant diversifié dans différentes aires simultanément, avec relativement peu d'évènements de dispersion comparé à Allobates. Ces importantes différences suggèrent que les espèces d'amphibiens ont des capacités de dispersion très variables qui sont probablement liées à leurs traits d'histoire de vie. Pour finir, nous avons comparé les histoires biogéographiques de six clades d'amphibiens partageant des temps d'origines comparables et qui sont représentatifs de la diversité Amazonienne en termes de taxonomie, de traits d'histoire de vie, d'utilisation de l'habitat et de type de reproduction. L'Amazonie de l'Ouest a été identifiée comme la principale source de diversification pour les amphibiens Amazonien, bien qu'elle ne se soit comportée comme tel qu'à partir d'il y a 10 Millions d'années pour les groupes présentant de l'adaptabilité dans la disponibilité de l'habitat ; et seulement entre il y a 10 et 5 Millions d'années pour les groupes conservatifs dans la disponibilité de l'habitat. Cela suggère que les groupes conservatifs dans la disponibilité de l'habitat remplissent la niche écologique plus rapidement que les espèces présentant de l'adaptativité, ce qui se traduit par des phases de diversification plus courtes. Nos résultats suggèrent également que les rivières agissent comme des barrières à la dispersion uniquement pour les groupes conservatifs dans l'utilisation de l'habitat. Nous tenons à souligner que ces résultats doivent être considérés avec prudence car ils ont été obtenus en étudiant une petite fraction de la diversité Amazonienne, ils apportent néanmoins de nouveaux éléments l'influence du conservatisme de niche sur les trajectoires évolutives en Amazonie, ce qui permettra peut-être d'inciter un plus grand effort de recherche sur cette thématique
With more than six million square kilometers, Amazonia hosts the largest tract of lowland tropical rainforest in the world and a large portion of the global terrestrial diversity. However, the temporal and spatial origins of this diversity remain poorly understood and need to be better comprehended to identify the processes responsible for this tremendous diversification. Amphibians are a particularly adequate group for investigating patterns of biogeographical history within Amazonia because they extensively diversified within the region and present important disparities in habitat use and dispersal abilities across groups. We first investigated the historical biogeography of the terra-firme genus Allobates and identified western Amazonia as an important source of diversification between 14 and 10 million years ago (Mya). This spatio-temporal pattern was coinciding with the existence of the Pebas system, a mega-wetland system that occupied most of western Amazonia during this period, that was unsuitable for terra-firme species. The Pebas system discharge was likely followed by an extension of terra-firme forests that likely fostered Allobates diversification. Our results also suggested that western Amazonia rivers might have subsequently (after 10 Mya) promoted diversification, by acting as semi-permeable barriers allowing speciation by dispersal and isolation. Secondly, we investigated the biogeographical history of the Pristimantis conspicillatus group which, instead, presented a continuous diversification throughout Neogene. This group displays a striking spatial pattern of diversification with four ancient clades that have diversified concomitantly in distinct areas in Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest, with much fewer dispersal events between areas than in Allobates. These differences suggest that amphibian species display differences in dispersal abilities that can be related to their life history traits. Finally, we compared the biogeographic histories of six frog clades, including the two aforementioned ones, that share comparable crown ages and span the Amazonian frog diversity in terms of life history traits, taxonomy, habitat use and reproduction modes. We identified western Amazonia as the principal source of diversification for Amazonian amphibians, although it acted as such only after 10 Mya for the groups that have adapted to various types of habitats; and only between 10 and 5 Mya for the ecologically conservative groups. This suggest that species with lower habitat availability reach niche filling more rapidly than ecologically adaptive species, resulting in shorter diversification phases. Our results also suggest that riverine barrier effect seems to have affected solely conservative groups particularly when the river course is stable over time. While these results were obtained by considering only a fraction of Amazonian diversity, they provide interesting insights on the influence of niche conservatism upon Amazonian evolutive trajectories, which will hopefully foster further and more ample research in this direction

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Mazerolle, Marc J. "Mouvements et reproduction des amphibiens en tourbières perturbées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21842/21842.pdf.

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Les déclins de populations d’amphibiens ont généré de nombreux travaux sur les effets de la perte d’habitats variés, mais peu en milieux naturellement acides. Néanmoins, plusieurs tourbières du sud-est canadien sont perturbées par l’extraction de la tourbe. Dans le premier chapitre, j’ai comparé l’utilisation des milieux tourbeux par les amphibiens à celle des milieux non tourbeux. Dans les quatre chapitres subséquents, j’ai quantifié les effets de l’extraction de la tourbe sur l’utilisation des étangs de tourbières par les amphibiens et mesuré les contraintes liées à leurs déplacements sur des surfaces exploitées. Les résultats indiquent que les amphibiens utilisent les tourbières surtout comme sites d’estivage. De plus, l’intensité de l’exploitation influence la fréquentation des étangs, mais la quantité et la proximité d’habitats complémentaires (i.e., étangs adjacents, forêt) semblent réduire ces effets. Finalement, les surfaces arides associées à certaines activités anthropiques telles que l’exploitation des tourbières ou l’agriculture, entravent les déplacements des grenouilles, bien que ces effets puissent être atténués par la présence de canaux de drainage.
Global amphibian population declines have generated numerous studies on the effects of habitat loss, but few have been conducted in naturally-acidic environments. Nevertheless, many peatlands are undergoing peat extraction in southeastern Canada. Through five chapters, I have studied the use of bog habitats by amphibians, quantified the effects of peat extraction on amphibian occurrence at bog ponds, and measured the constraints associated with movements over mined surfaces. Bogs were less productive breeding sites than less acidic upland sites, but were used by adults and juveniles following breeding outside bogs. Bog ponds on surfaces actively mined for peat offered suboptimal habitats to green frogs (Rana clamitans), whereas bog ponds on surfaces drained for future peat mining, characterized by the presence of drainage ditches and vegetation, provided supplementary frog habitat. However, this positive effect was only temporary, as these surfaces were to be eventually mined. In a study conducted at a larger scale and focusing on bog ponds on unmined surfaces, I showed the importance of the amount and proximity of complementary habitats (i.e., adjacent ponds, forest) on the spatial distribution of amphibian presence at ponds. Moreover, frog movement experiments revealed that frogs translocated on barren peat surfaces had a lower probability of homing successfully than those translocated at a similar distance on an undisturbed surface, and that dehydration risks were the lowest on natural surfaces with vegetation cover. No reproduction occurred in drainage ditches, although frog survival in these structures was high. In addition, ditches did not impede the movements of individuals. Globally, results indicate that amphibians use bogs mostly as summering sites. Furthermore, peat mining intensity influences the occurrence of amphibians at ponds, but the proximity and amount of complementary habitats could mitigate these effects. Finally, barren surfaces associated with certain human disturbances such as peat mining and agriculture impede frog movements, although drainage ditches, particularly those containing water, may facilitate movements across these hostile environments.

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Janin, Agnès. "Évaluer la connectivité en paysage fragmenté : de l'écologie comportementale à la biologie de la conservation." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937294.

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Dans les paysages fragmentés, les mouvements entre les patchs d'habitats jouent un rôle primordial dans la persistance des populations en assurant les flux génétiques, la possibilité de recolonisation après extinction locale, la liaison entre différents habitats pour la reproduction ou l'acquisition des ressources, ... Malgré l'importance de ces mouvements, la structure du paysage entre ces patchs (i.e. la matrice) est le plus souvent considérée comme un ensemble homogène de non-habitat d'intérêt mineur et les adaptations comportementales en réponse à la fragmentation du paysage sont rarement prises en compte. Pour étudier l'importance de l'influence du paysage sur les mouvements, trois approches complémentaires sont pratiquées. 1) Des études expérimentales sont menées pour évaluer les réponses comportementales et physiologiques du crapaud commun (Bufo bufo) juvénile et adulte soumis aux différents types d'occupation du sol. Ainsi, les types d'occupation du sol sont caractérisés par le coût que leur traversée représente pour l'espèce étudiée. 2) Ce travail s'attache également à décrypter les règles régissant les déplacements en paysage hétérogène et à mettre en évidence des différences comportementales selon le paysage d'origine (adaptations). 3) Basé sur la modélisation, le troisième volet doit permettre d'effectuer des prédictions à l'échelle des paysages

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Renoirt, Matthias. "Influence de l’habitat sur l’écologie et la physiologie du crapaud épineux (Bufo spinosus)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS041.

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Un grand nombre d’études ont mis en avant les effets négatifs des pressions anthropiques dans le temps et dans l’espace sur la biodiversité. Parmi ces pressions anthropiques, les activités et l’expansion agricole jouent un rôle principal dans la modification des milieux et dans la perte de biodiversité. De fait, la question de la persistance des espèces animales dans ce type de milieux se pose. C’est dans ce contexte que ma thèse s’axe. Afin d’étudier les réponses des organismes à un milieu dégradé et les contraintes du paysage sur différents traits d’histoire de vie et l’écologie, je travaille spécifiquement sur une espèce d’amphibien occupant des milieux allant de fortement conservés à fortement dégradés. Afin de comparer les populations de crapauds épineux (Bufo spinosus) forestières et les populations agricoles, j’utilise un vaste panel de marqueurs pour examiner (1) la structure génétique des populations (marqueurs microsatellites), (2) l’écologie alimentaire (isotopes stables), (3) la qualité individuelle (télomères, morphologie, traits de développement) et son impact sur la reproduction. De ce fait et au cours de cette thèse, j’ai pu mettre en relation de nombreux facteurs associés aux paysages agricoles qui soulèvent de nombreuses questions quant au maintien des populations de crapauds épineux. Ainsi, nous avons pu montrer un effet significatif des fertilisants sur la signature isotopique en δ15N des populations de B.spinosus. Aussi, nous avons pu souligner que l’environnement agricole reste suffisamment perméable au maintien de la diversité génétique. Cependant, nous avons mis en évidence de nombreuses contraintes de ce milieu sur la reproduction des populations d’amphibiens, que ce soit par la faible (voir l’absence) abondance de femelles sur les sites de reproduction, et/ou directement sur le succès reproducteur et la qualité de la progéniture. Ces résultats suggèrent de possibles effets à long terme sur les populations d’amphibiens et nous suggérons d’approfondir les différentes voies de recherche que nous suggérons tout au long de cette thèse afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents à ces résultats et de trouver des solutions quant à la pérennité des espèces sauvages qui n’ont d’autres choix que de s’adapter
A large number of studies have highlighted the negative effects of anthropogenic pressures intime and space on biodiversity. Among these anthropogenic pressures, agricultural activities and expansion play a major role in the modification of environments and in the loss of biodiversity. Questions whether animal species persist in this type of environment arises. My thesis is based on this context. We aimed at study the responses of organism to a degraded environment and the landscape constraints on life history traits and ecology. My work is focused specifically on an amphibian species persisting in habitat ranging from highly conserved to highly degraded by agricultural activities. In order to compare forest and agricultural populations of model species (Spined toad, Bufo spinosus), I relied on a wide variety of markers to examine (1) population genetic structure (micro-satellite markers), (2) feeding ecology (stable isotope), (3) individual quality (telomeres, morphology, developmental traits) and the impact on reproduction. As a result, I was able to connect many factors associated with agricultural landscapes that raised many questions about the persistence of spined toad populations. We were able to show a significant effect of fertilizers on the δ15N isotopic signature of B.spinosus populations. Moreover, we highlighted that agricultural environment allows genetic diversity between populations. However, using correlative approaches, we pointed out various on strains of this environment on the reproduction of amphibians populations, either through low (or no) abundance of females on breeding sites, and/or directly on reproductive success and offspring quality. These results suggest possible long-term effects on amphibian populations, and we suggest that the various avenues of research we suggested throughout this thesis should be pursued in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying these results and to find solutions for the sustainability of wild species that have no choice but to adapt

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Schneider, Amy Elizabeth. "Continued study of the use of created ponds for amphibian breeding in fragmented forested areas." [Huntington, WV : Marshall University Libraries], 2008. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=876.

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Morand, Alain. "Dynamique de la coexistence des espèces : de la théorie des perturbations à la théorie des traits d'histoire de vie : l'exemple du modèle amphibien dans l'espace alluvial du haut-Rhône." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10182.

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Regosin, Jonathan V. "Terrestrial habitat use by pool-breeding amphibians in a suburban landscape /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2003.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2003.
Adviser: J. Michael Reed. Submitted to the Dept. of Biology. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-134). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;

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Hopkins, Samantha. "Chytridiomycosis in amphibian populations in the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2002. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7137_1359702947.

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There have been many cases reported of amphibian populations declining. These are often due to anthropogenic factors such as habitat destruction and pollution. However, some eclines have not had an obvious cause and many of these have been investigated and found to be due to pathogenic disease. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is a recently described pathogen of frogs. The population declines that have been associated with chytridiomycosis have occurred in relatively undisturbed areas such as national parks. The declines tend to occur at higher altitudes or in colder climates. This is thought to be because of the frog immune system being slower at lower temperatures. This project gives an overview of chytrid infection in the Western Cape and at a small number of sites in the Northern Cape and Eastern Cape.

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Greenwald, Katherine Rose. "Habitat fragmentation, functional landscape connectivity, and metapopulation processes in amphibians." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243366608.

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Книги з теми "Amphibiens – Habitat"

Szafoni, Robert E. Illinois landowner's guide to amphibian conservation. Champaign, IL: Illinois Natural History Survey, 2002.

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C, Rosen Philip, and Lowe Charles H, eds. Amphibians, reptiles, and their habitats at Sabino Canyon. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2006.

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Lazaroff, David Wentworth. Amphibians, reptiles, and their habitats at Sabino Canyon. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 2006.

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Cates, Douglas. Attract reptiles and amphibians to your yard. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University, Extension Service, 2002.

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M, Crawford R. M., and Spence, David Hugh Neven, 1925-1985., eds. Plant life in aquatic and amphibious habitats. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1987.

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Llewellyn, Robin L. Distribution, relative abundance, and habitat associations of amphibians and reptiles on Craig Mountain, Idaho. Boise, Idaho: Bureau of Land Management, Idaho State Office, 1998.

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Yeo, Jeffrey J. Amphibian and reptile distribution and habitat relationships in the Lost River Mountains and Challis-Lemhi Resource Areas. Boise, Idaho: Bureau of Land Management, Idaho State Office, 1998.

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Wilson, Kristine W. Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) habitat management plan: San pitch river subunit. Salt Lake City, Utah (1594 West North Temple #316, Salt Lake 84116-3193): Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, 2001.

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Philip, Purser. Natural terrariums: A complete guide to the design and maintenance of herp habitats. Neptune City, NJ: T.F.H. Publications, Inc., 2007.

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Benyus, Janine M. Wildlife in the upper Great Lakes region: A community profile. St. Paul, Minn. (1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, 55108): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experimental Station, 1992.

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Pilliod, David S., and Todd C. Esque. "Amphibians and Reptiles." In Rangeland Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, 861–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34037-6_25.

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AbstractAmphibians and reptiles are a diverse group of ectothermic vertebrates that occupy a variety of habitats in rangelands of North America, from wetlands to the driest deserts. These two classes of vertebrates are often referred to as herpetofauna and are studied under the field of herpetology. In U.S. rangelands, there are approximately 66 species of frogs and toads, 58 salamanders, 98 lizards, 111 snakes, and 27 turtles and tortoises. Herpetofauna tend to be poorly studied compared with other vertebrates, which creates a challenge for biologists and landowners who are trying to manage rangeland activities for this diverse group of animals and their habitats. Degradation of habitats from human land use and alteration of natural processes, like wildfire, are primary threats to herpetofauna populations. Disease, non-native predators, collection for the pet trade, and persecution are also conservation concerns for some species. Properly managed livestock grazing is generally compatible with herpetofauna conservation, and private and public rangelands provide crucial habitat for many species. Climate change also poses a threat to herpetofauna, but we have an incomplete understanding of the potential effects on species. Dispersal and adaptation could provide some capacity for species to persist on rangelands as climates, disturbance regimes, and habitats change. However, inadequate information and considerable uncertainty will make climate mitigation planning difficult for the foreseeable future. Planning for and mitigating effects of climate change, and interactions with other stressors, is an urgent area for research. Maintaining large, heterogeneous land areas as rangelands will certainly be an important part of the conservation strategy for herpetofauna in North America.

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Bell, Rayna C., Luis M. P. Ceríaco, Lauren A. Scheinberg, and Robert C. Drewes. "The Amphibians of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands." In Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, 479–504. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_18.

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AbstractThis chapter reviews the diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecology, and conservation of the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands’ endemic caecilian and anuran fauna. A total of nine amphibian species (representing five families) are known from São Tomé and Príncipe islands, all of which are endemic. No amphibians have been reported from Annobón. Taxonomic research on this group of animals began in the second half of the nineteenth century with subsequent refinement following the advent of molecular techniques. The presence of several amphibians from distinct evolutionary lineages is unexpected for oceanic islands and has motivated several biogeographic studies to reconstruct the evolutionary histories of these enigmatic species. Yet, the continental source for many of the islands’ amphibians remains unknown. The amphibians of São Tomé and Príncipe also exhibit intriguing phenotypic diversity for addressing long-standing hypotheses in evolutionary biology, including body size evolution and gigantism on islands, intraspecific variation and interspecific divergence in coloration, and reproductive and dietary niche partitioning. Recent studies have confirmed the presence of the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in amphibian communities on both São Tomé and Príncipe, but it is unclear whether this pathogen is negatively impacting local populations. Most of the Gulf of Guinea oceanic island endemic amphibians are incredibly abundant and widespread, occurring in primary forest, secondary forest, and agricultural habitats across the islands. Three anuran species (Hyperolius thomensis, Leptopelis palmatus, Ptychadena newtoni) have more limited distributions and/or more specialized ecologies; consequently, additional land-use change poses a threat to the long-term persistence of these taxa.

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Warburg, Michael R. "Xeric Habitats and Their Amphibian Inhabitants." In Ecophysiology of Amphibians Inhabiting Xeric Environments, 3–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60357-0_2.

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Bousbouras, D., and Y. Ioannidis. "The distribution and habitat preferences of the amphibians of Prespa National Park." In Lake Prespa, Northwestern Greece, 127–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5180-1_9.

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Idora, Mira, Rijal Satria, and Fitra Arya Dwi Nugraha. "Diversity of Amphibians Using a Transect Method Implemented in Three Different Habitat." In Advances in Biological Sciences Research, 231–39. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-166-1_31.

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Debinski, Diane M. "Insects in Grassland Ecosystems." In Rangeland Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, 897–929. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34037-6_26.

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AbstractInsects serve as ecosystem engineers in grasslands. Their impacts are comparable in scale to those of mammals, but because they are so much smaller, their roles and influences are not always as obvious. The roles that insects play in grasslands are as diverse as Class Insecta itself, including herbivory, pollination, seed dispersal, soil profile modification, nutrient cycling, parasitism, and serving as intermediaries between plants and wildlife in food webs. In the context of their effects on grassland wildlife species, insects serve as essential food resources for many species of birds, bats, reptiles, mammals, amphibians, fish, and other insects. Insects also have significant effects on the habitat structure available for wildlife because they can, on the one hand, enhance the productivity of grassland vegetation, but alternatively, they have the power to completely defoliate a grassland. From the perspective of food webs, insects play multiple roles. They can serve as food for wildlife, but they also can serve as parasites, vectors of disease, and decomposers. Ecological changes in grasslands due to events such as fire, grazing, herbicide or insecticide application, and habitat fragmentation or loss can affect both wildlife and insects. For that reason, ecologists are often interested in linking the study of a particular wildlife species to the associated insect community. Insects are simply less visible ecological engineers, continually interacting with wildlife, and modifying the habitat where they coexist with wildlife in grassland ecosystems.

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Fellers, Gary M., Donald W. Sparling, Laura L. McConnell, Patrick M. Kleeman, and Leticia Drakeford. "Pesticides in Amphibian Habitats of Central and Northern California, USA." In ACS Symposium Series, 123–50. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2013-1149.ch007.

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Rais, Muhammd, and Waseem Ahmed. "Amphibian Dispersal Among Terrestrial Habitats and Wetlands in a Landscape." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71065-5_151-1.

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Moorman, Christopher E., Kevin R. Russell, and Cathryn H. Greenberg. "Reptile and Amphibian Response to Hardwood Forest Management and Early Successional Habitats." In Sustaining Young Forest Communities, 191–208. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1620-9_11.

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Kacoliris, Federico Pablo, Melina Alicia Velasco, María Luz Arellano, and Igor Berkunsky. "Amphibians and Waterbirds as Bridges to Conserve Aquatic, Wetland and Terrestrial Habitats in Patagonia." In Natural and Social Sciences of Patagonia, 435–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10027-7_15.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Amphibiens – Habitat"

Adrović, Avdul, Edina Hajdarević, Alen Bajrić, and Ernad Kucalović. "BIODIVERZITET VODOZEMACA (KLASA: AMPHIBIA) SJEVEROISTOČNE BOSNE." In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.333a.

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The inventory of amphibians was conducted during 2020 and 2021 in the area of northeastern Bosnia. The conducted research determined 11 species of amphibians, of which three species belong to the tailed amphibians and the other eight to the tailless amphibians. Based on IUCN data, it can be concluded that these are the species with the least concern (LC) status. However, it is evident that the number of natural habitats of amphibians in the investigated area has been significantly reduced, and constant monitoring of the condition of their populations is necessary.

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Neuhaus, Artur Garcia, Patricia Turazzi, and Regiane Trevisan Pupo. "Learning Florianopolis biogeography through digital prototyping." In ENSUS2023 - XI Encontro de Sustentabilidade em Projeto. Grupo de Pesquisa Virtuhab/UFSC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29183/2596-237x.ensus2023.v11.n2.p57-69.

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The biogeography of Santa Catarina Island (Florianópolis/SC) is rich in diversity and is directly linked to the local culture, represented in gastronomy, festivals, crafts and folklore. Among the wealth of ecosystems located there, one can mention sandbanks, dunes, mangroves, hillside and plain forest,lakes and bays, which provide the habitat for a variety of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and other forms of life. Some of them, already identified as representative symbols of the place, point even more the local culture at national and international levels. The recognition of these specimens is the main goal in this research, aimed at elementary school students, providing knowledge of the vast biogeography of Florianópolis, in an interdisciplinary way, with the use of digital prototyping techniques as a tool allied with creativity.

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Teodoro, A. C., N. Sillero, S. Alves, and L. Duarte. "Correlation between the habitats productivity and species richness (amphibians and reptiles) in Portugal through remote sensed data." In SPIE Remote Sensing, edited by Christopher M. U. Neale and Antonino Maltese. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2028502.

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Muntean, Octavian-Liviu, Viorel Arghius, Vlad Macicasan, Cristian Malos, and Gheorghe Rosian. "USING RIAM AND GIS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (A CASE STUDY ON A NATURAL PROTECTED AREA IN ROMANIA)." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s20.021.

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Environmental impact assessment is a complex scientific process that often exceeds procedural and legislative aspects. The data and information used in the EIA derive from various sources, so they must be integrated using an appropriate methodology. The established assessment methods are Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM) and Geographic Information System (GIS), each allowing the integration of observations, data, and environmental information. The present study aims to apply RIAM and GIS to the impact assessment on the natural protected area in Romania (ROSCI0227 (Sighi?oara - Tarnava Mare, part of the European Ecological Network NATURA 2000). This area has large geodiversity and biodiversity represented by eighteen natural habitats (e.g., wood pastures, shrubs, and old forests) and over thirty-six threatened species of flora and fauna (e.g., amphibians, bats, birds, and mammals). Although it has the status of conservation of flora, fauna species, and habitats, the analyzed natural area is subject to evident anthropogenic pressures and threats. The presence of old human settlements, transport infrastructure networks, and traditional rural and urban industrial activities are factors for generating and amplifying anthropogenic impacts on the environment and protected biodiversity. The integrated evaluation methodology allows for obtaining matrixes based on a mix of quantitative and qualitative geographical and ecological data. The interpolation action of these scores (based on the Inverse Distance Interpolated Method) results in a thematic map of impacts. This methodology has the advantage of rapid implementation and transparency, even if the experts� opinions prevail in the approach and interpretation of environmental impacts.

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Nur Johana, J., A. M. Muzzneena, L. L. Grismer, and A. Norhayati. "Species composition, diversity and relative abundance of amphibians in forests and non-forest habitats on Langkawi Island, Peninsular Malaysia." In THE 2016 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2016 Postgraduate Colloquium. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4966873.

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Elizarov, A. S., and N. S. Malysheva. "FORECASTING THE SPREAD OF ZOONOTIC INFECTIONS." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.172-176.

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The Sphere program uses modern open source code and is based on the capabilities of global databases and cartographic information from geoinformation systems openly presented in the Internet. The researcher can enter coordinates of the found biological material into the program and obtain a predictive model of the parasitic organism distribution with a certain tolerance. The biological material is found infected wild animals, invasive biohelminth eggs or positive samples of water, soil or bottom sediments. Sphere analyzes hypothetical habitats of helminth hosts, presents them in the form of spheres with a diameter of several meters (for amphibians and reptiles) up to several kilometers (for mammals), takes into account the presence of surface water bodies, soil types, vegetation types, as well as meteorological conditions, the direction of water flow, and seasonality of external influences. At the intersection of several spheres, the program makes a logical conclusion about the natural focus expansion under the influence of natural conditions – for example, drought or excessive precipitation – its transformation. The program information is displayed on an electronic map as the probability of detecting one or another form of a parasitic object in percent – for example, in a particular forest – the probability of location of an infected animal is 60%, in a specific open area, 40%, etc.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Amphibiens – Habitat"

Muckenhirn, A., and B. Hanshew. Arroyo Mocho Habitat Suitability Assessment for Sensitive Reptiles, Amphibians, and Fish. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1820024.

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Chestnut, Tara. Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Amphibian Chytrid Fungus Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis Occupancy in Amphibian Habitats. Portland State University, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.13.

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Dietrich, Andrew. Stream-Associated Amphibian Habitat Assessment in the Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Region. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.604.

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Ament, Rob, Marcel Huijser, and Dana May. Animal Vehicle Collision Reduction and Habitat Connectivity Cost Effective Solutions - Final Report. Nevada Department of Transportation, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2022.1.4.

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Wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) are a significant component of overall crashes in the US and Canada. Roads and their traffic also create partial or total barriers to the movement of wildlife, both large and small. There are several well-studied proven mitigation measures that significantly reduce WVCs, provide for safe animal passage across roads, and maintain habitat connectivity. Highly effective measures, such as overpasses and underpasses with fencing can reduce large animal WVCs by over 80% – 100% on average; yet these structures can be costly and there is room for improvement in their design, the use of new materials, adding elements that improve their use by smaller animal species, such as reptiles and amphibians and improving their cost effectiveness. This Transportation Pooled Fund Study, TPF-5(358) (TPF Study), allowed researchers to evaluate the latest information on the effectiveness of 24 different highway mitigation measures designed to decrease collisions with large wildlife, large feral and domestic animals. Also reviewed were these same measures’ ability to protect small mammals, reptiles, and amphibians from collisions. The TPF Study also explored the effectiveness of the 24 measures ability to maintain or enhance habitat connectivity. It conducted 11 different research projects that variously explored a) the costs and benefits of animal-vehicle collisions and the mitigation measures that seek to reduce them, b) the ecological effectiveness of various mitigation measures, and 3) new designs for crossing structures for a variety of species. The project developed a manual of best practices and concluded with a final report.

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Huijser, M. P., Robert J. Ament, M. Bell, A. P. Clevenger, E. R. Fairbank, K. E. Gunson, and T. McGuire. Animal Vehicle Collision Reduction and Habitat Connectivity Pooled Fund Study – Literature Review. Nevada Department of Transportation, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2021.12.

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This report contains a summary of past research and new knowledge about the effectiveness of mitigation measures aimed at reducing animal-vehicle collisions and at providing safe crossing opportunities for wildlife. The measures are aimed at terrestrial large bodied wild mammal species, free roaming large livestock species (e.g. cattle, horses), free roaming large feral species (e.g. “wild” horses and burros), and small animal species (amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals). While mitigation is common, it is best to follow a three-step approach: avoidance, mitigation, and compensation or “off-site” mitigation. If reducing collisions with large wild mammals is the only objective, the most effective measures include roadside animal detection systems, wildlife culling, wildlife relocation, anti-fertility treatments, wildlife barriers (fences),and wildlife fences in combination with wildlife crossing structures. If the objectives also include maintaining or improving connectivity for large wild mammals, then wildlife barriers (fences) in combination with wildlife crossing structures are most effective. Measures for large domestic mammal species are largely similar, though for free roaming livestock there are legal, moral and ethical issues. For small animal species, temporary or permanent road closure and road removal are sometimes implemented, but barriers in combination with crossing structures are the most common.

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Albright, Jeff, Kim Struthers, Lisa Baril, John Spence, Mark Brunson, and Ken Hyde. Natural resource conditions at Glen Canyon National Recreation Area: Findings & management considerations for selected resources. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293112.

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Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (GLCA) encompasses more than 0.5 million ha (1.25 million ac) and extends over 322 km (200 mi) from its northern boundary in southern Utah to its southern boundary in northern Arizona. It is one of the most rugged, remote, and floristically diverse national parks on the Southern Colorado Plateau (Thomas et. al 2005) and has more than 4,900 km (3,045 mi) of waterways flowing through its eight Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC 8) watersheds. GLCA’s larger perennial rivers include the Colorado, Escalante, Dirty Devil, San Juan, and Paria, with smaller perennial and intermittent streams flowing into each of these rivers. After the creation of the Glen Canyon Dam, Lake Powell formed, covering 13% of the park’s total land area when full and the national recreation area attracts over 4 million visitors annually, and in 2019 GLCA ranked 19th highest in recreational visits out of all national parks. The National Park Service Natural Resource Condition Assessment Program selected GLCA to pilot its new NRCA project series. NRCA projects evaluate the best available science to provide park managers with reliable, actionable information pertaining to natural resource conditions in their park. For the park-selected focal study resources, this includes consideration of drivers and stressors known or suspected of influencing resource conditions; assessment of current conditions and trends for indicators of condition; and potential near-term and future activities or actions managers can consider, improving their knowledge and management of natural resources in parks. For focal resources that lack adequate data to assess current conditions, a gap analysis is provided (in lieu of a condition assessment) to highlight the present status of knowledge of the resource and to suggest useful indicators, data, and studies for further consideration and investigation. Park managers are encouraged to identify information needs and pose questions during the NRCA scoping process, with the understanding that information will be provided to help address those needs and answer those questions when possible. For a comprehensive list of GLCA managers’ questions and needs, please refer to Appendix A, Table A-1. The focus of GLCA’s NRCA study was the water-dependent resources—tinajas, springs & seeps, including water quality, riparian zone, amphibians, including the northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens), and small, native fishes—that are found off the mainstem Colorado River. Managers were interested in these particular environments and the natural resources that depend on them because they are less studied, and the habitats are “biodiversity hotspots” due to the intersection of complex desert and freshwater ecosystems in a region limited by water. The following summaries highlight the key findings of GLCA’s focal resource drivers and stressors (Chapter 2), states (Chapter 3), and manager responses (Chapter 4).

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