Готові списки джерел за темами / Amino acids in animal nutrition

Зміст

Статті в журналах
Дисертації
Книги
Частини книг
Тези доповідей конференцій
Звіти організацій

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Amino acids in animal nutrition"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 29 липня 2024

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями

Оберіть тип джерела:

Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Amino acids in animal nutrition".

Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.

Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.

Статті в журналах з теми "Amino acids in animal nutrition"

Böhme, Hartwig. "Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition." Animal Feed Science and Technology 109, no. 1-4 (October 2003): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-8401(03)00214-1.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Harris, P. A. "Amino Acids in Farm Animal Nutrition." British Veterinary Journal 152, no. 6 (November 1996): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1935(96)80150-3.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Eggum, Bjørn O. "Amino acids in farm animal nutrition. 1994." Livestock Production Science 43, no. 2 (August 1995): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(95)90012-8.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Sefer, M., R. B. Petronijevic, D. Trbovic, J. Ciric, T. Baltic, N. Parunovic, and V. Djordjevic. "Amino acids in animal feed: significance and determination techniques." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 854, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012082.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract Amino acids are fundamental for animal nutrition. Their presence is necessary to maintain the normal structure and function of the intestine, and they are key in regulating metabolic pathways for improving health, survival, growth, development, lactation, and reproduction. The animal feed industry invests great resources and efforts to obtain optimal formulations in which the composition of amino acids plays a key role. In support of these aspirations in recent decades, much attention has been paid to the development and improvement of analytical techniques for the reliable, rapid and accurate determination of amino acid content in animal feed. This paper outlines different methodologies for the analysis of amino acid content in animal feed. Various methods, based on different analytical techniques, are presented for determination of amino acids in feed for nutritional and regulatory purposes.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Mohanty, Bimal, Arabinda Mahanty, Satabdi Ganguly, T. V. Sankar, Kajal Chakraborty, Anandan Rangasamy, Baidyanath Paul, et al. "Amino Acid Compositions of 27 Food Fishes and Their Importance in Clinical Nutrition." Journal of Amino Acids 2014 (October 14, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/269797.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Proteins and amino acids are important biomolecules which regulate key metabolic pathways and serve as precursors for synthesis of biologically important substances; moreover, amino acids are building blocks of proteins. Fish is an important dietary source of quality animal proteins and amino acids and play important role in human nutrition. In the present investigation, crude protein content and amino acid compositions of important food fishes from different habitats have been studied. Crude protein content was determined by Kjeldahl method and amino acid composition was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and information on 27 food fishes was generated. The analysis showed that the cold water species are rich in lysine and aspartic acid, marine fishes in leucine, small indigenous fishes in histidine, and the carps and catfishes in glutamic acid and glycine. The enriched nutrition knowledge base would enhance the utility of fish as a source of quality animal proteins and amino acids and aid in their inclusion in dietary counseling and patient guidance for specific nutritional needs.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Kutlu, Hasan Rüştü, and Uğur Serbester. "Ruminant Beslemede Son Gelişmeler." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 2, no. 1 (January 11, 2014): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v2i1.18-37.37.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

One of the most industrialized animal production branches of ruminant production successfully requires a blending of theoretical knowledge of nutritional principles with practical stockmanship, maintaining health and dealing with numbers. It is well known that high yielding, dairy cows, require balanced diet with adequate nutrients for yielding. This is not provided with only a few feedstuffs. Milk production in dairy cows is related to the improvements in genetic merit of farm animals and also developments in feed science, feed technology and animal nutrition. In particular, feeds and feed technology studies associated with sustainability, economical perspectives and product quality in the last decade have been in advance. In the present work, recent advances in feed sources and feed technology, minerals (macro and trace minerals ), vitamins and amino acids, feed additives (antibiotics alternative growth stimulants, rumen modulator, organic acids, antioxidants, enzymes, plant extracts), nutrition-products (meat-milk-progeny) quality and functional food production (milk, meat) nutrition-reproduction, nutrition-animal health, nutrition-environmental temperature, nutrition-global warming were evaluated.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Grechkina, V. V., E. V. Sheida, and O. V. Kvan. "Microbiome and its association with nutrient metabolism in farm animal nutrition." E3S Web of Conferences 431 (2023): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343101027.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This article shows the effect of amino acid preparations on metabolism, nutrient digestibility, and calf development. Essential amino acid mixes in different concentrations (per 1 kg of feed) were introduced into the diet of calves from 9 to 18 months of age: I experimental group - 2 g of lysine + 2 g of methionine + 3 g of threonine + 1 g of tryptophan, II experimental group - 3 g of lysine + 3 g of methionine + 4 g threonine+2 g tryptophan. Calves were calculated on pure amino acids, in % of feed dry matter (per head per day). In calves of the II experimental group there was a significant increase in live weight by 11.7 % (p≤0.05) due to better utilisation of bacterial nitrogen by 8.3 % (p≤0.05), amino acids in duodenum by 3.46 % (p≤0.05) than in the I experimental group and by 8.83 % (p≤0.05) than in the control group. The growth rate of tissues and their protein composition changed with the growth of animals. The obtained data indicate the positive effect of a mixture of amino acids with a higher concentration in the diet of growing animals due to the enhancement of protein biosynthesis processes in muscle tissue. Thus, for improvement of intestinal microbiota, metabolism, digestive processes, and maintenance of calf health, the most comfortable concentration of amino acids was the ratio of 3 g lysine+3 g methionine+4 g threonine+2 g tryptophan. The higher the level of essential amino acids in the feed composition, the more they increase the digestibility of nitrogenous substances in the gastrointestinal tract.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Yin, Lingqian, Mingxu Xu, Qinke Huang, Donghao Zhang, Zhongzhen Lin, Yan Wang, and Yiping Liu. "Nutrition and Flavor Evaluation of Amino Acids in Guangyuan Grey Chicken of Different Ages, Genders and Meat Cuts." Animals 13, no. 7 (April 2, 2023): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13071235.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The composition and content of amino acids in foodstuffs have a vital impact on the nutritional value and taste. With the aim of understanding the nutrition and flavor of Guangyuan grey chicken, the composition and content of amino acids in the pectoralis and thigh muscle of chickens at the age of 90 d, 120 d and 150 d were determine using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and an amino acid analyzer. A total of 17 amino acids were detected both in pectoralis and thigh muscle via the amino acid analyzer, of which the content of glutamate was the highest. Additionally, 21 deproteinized free amino acids were detected via LC-MS/MS. Among all samples, the content of glutamine in thigh muscle was the highest. The content of histidine in the pectoralis was the highest. In terms of the flavor amino acids (FAAs), the umami-taste and sweet-taste amino acids were higher in the thigh muscle of 120 d male chicken. From the perspective of protein nutrition, the essential amino acid was higher in pectoral muscle, and the composition was better. The results of the amino acid score showed that the content of leucine and valine were inadequate in Guangyuan grey chicken. Collectively, the content of amino acid in Guangyuan grey chicken was affected by age, gender and meat cut. This study confirms that meat of chicken in different ages, genders, and cuts presents different nutritional values and flavors owing to the variation of amino acids content.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ilić, Petar, Slađana Rakita, Nedeljka Spasevski, Olivera Đuragić, Ana Marjanović-Jeromela, Sandra Cvejić, and Federica Zanetti. "Nutritive value of Serbian camelina genotypes as an alternative feed ingredient." Food and Feed Research, no. 00 (2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ffr49-41060.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Camelina has been used from ancient times, but recently has re-emerged as a valuable plant with the potential for successful replacement of conventional oilseed crops. The utilisation of camelina and its by-products in animal feed is a matter of scientific study due to their excellent nutritional potential. The present study aimed to investigate the nutritive value of two Serbian camelina seed genotypes (NS Zlatka and NS Slatka) as a potential alternative to commonly used oilseed crops in animal feeding. For that purpose proximate composition, fatty acid profile, amino acid profile and tocopherols were analysed. The study also included the investigation of the content of anti-nutritive compounds that can adversely affect the nutritional value of feed. The results showed that camelina seeds had a high amount of proteins (around 28%), amino acids and gtocopherols. Camelina genotypes were characterized by unique fatty acids composition, with its oil consisting of approximately 57% polyunsaturated fatty acids, of which the highest proportions were a-linolenic acid (~37%) and linoleic acid (~17%). An optimal ratio of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (0.5) was also reported in this study. The concentration of anti-nutritional factors and heavy metals in camelina seeds was below the maximum set limit for feedstuff. To conclude, the investigated Serbian camelina genotypes can be used as a valuable source of proteins, essential fatty acids and tocopherols in animal nutrition and has a great potential to replace conventional oilseeds.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Li, Peng, and Guoyao Wu. "Important roles of amino acids in immune responses." British Journal of Nutrition 127, no. 3 (November 15, 2021): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114521004566.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractThis commentary highlighted the background, take-home messages, and impacts of our 2007 British Journal of Nutrition paper entitled “Amino acids and immune function”. In 2003–2004, there was an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS coronavirus-1 (CoV-1) in Asian countries. By the mid-2000’s, clinical and experimental evidence indicated important roles for amino acids (AA) in improving innate and adaptive immunities in humans and animals. Based on our long-standing interest in AA metabolism and nutritional immunology, we decided to critically analyze advances in this nutritional field. Furthermore, we proposed a unified mechanism responsible for beneficial effects of AA and their products (including nitric oxide, glutathione, antibodies, and cytokines) on immune responses. We hoped that such integrated knowledge would be helpful for designing AA-based nutritional methods (e.g., supplementation with glutathione, arginine and glutamine) to prevent and treat SARS-like infectious diseases in the future. Our paper laid a framework for subsequent studies to quantify AA metabolism in intestinal bacteria, determine the effects of functional AA on cell-mediated and humoral immunities, and establish a much-needed database of AA composition in foodstuffs. Unexpectedly, COVID-19 (caused by SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019 and has become one of the deadliest pandemics in history. Notably, glutathione, arginine and glutamine have now been exploited to effectively relieve severe respiratory symptoms of COVID-19 in affected patients. Functional AA (e.g., arginine, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, taurine and tryptophan) and glutathione, which are all abundant in animal-sourced foodstuffs, are crucial for optimum immunity and health in humans and animals.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Amino acids in animal nutrition"

Nili, Nafisseh. "Limitations to amino acid biosynthesis de novo in ruminal strains of Prevotella and Butyrivibrio." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn712.pdf.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Bibliography: leaves 226-261. Investigates nitrogen utilization in some species of rumen bacteria with the object of understanding the role of ammonia versus exogenous amino acids in relation to microbial growth.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Zhang, Yongfang. "Amino acid metabolism and requirement in teleost during their early life stages and implications in fish formulated diets." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1199374737.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Hess, Bret William. "Increasing postruminal amino acid supply to cattle consuming forages /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9812955.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Tanner, Sara L. "EVALUATING DIETARY AMINO ACID ADEQUACY IN HORSES USING ISOTOPIC TECHNIQUES." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/38.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Little is known about amino acid (AA) requirements in horses despite muscle mass accretion being of importance to an athletic species. Isotope methods for determining AA requirements and whole-body protein synthesis (WBPS) had not been previously used in growing horses. The first study herein was the first to apply isotope methods to determine WBPS in growing horses. In the study, weanling colts received two different levels of crude protein. Whole-body protein kinetics indicated that WBPS was greater when the weanlings were fed the diet with a greater crude protein content (P<0.05). The second study sought to determine a lysine requirement for yearling horses using the indicator AA oxidation (IAAO) method. Despite using six dietary levels of lysine; three above and three below the current recommendation, no breakpoint could be determined. Phenylalanine kinetics were not affected by lysine level (P>0.05), but plasma lysine increased linearly with lysine intake (P<0.0001). After comparing dietary AA intakes with current AA requirement recommendations, threonine was a candidate for the limiting AA in the diets used in the first two studies. The objective of the next two studies was to determine if threonine supplementation would increase WBPS. Weanling colts fed a grass forage and commercial concentrate were supplemented with threonine in one study, while adult mares fed a high fiber diet and low threonine concentrate were supplemented with threonine in the other study. In neither case were whole-body protein kinetics affected by threonine supplementation (P>0.05). However, multiple plasma AA concentrations were affected by supplementation (P<0.05) in both studies, suggesting that supplementation of a single AA can affect the metabolism of other AAs. The final study conducted was aimed at improving the IAAO method for use in horses. Intravenous isotope infusion was compared to a less invasive oral infusion. Both infusion methods produced stable plateaus and by calculation, the splanchnic extraction of phenylalanine was found to be 27%. Additional research is needed to determine AA requirements for horses. These studies add insight into equine AA requirements and metabolism and the confirmation of the oral isotope infusion method will allow future experiments to be less invasive.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Mueller, Andrew L. "The ability of empirical equations based on dilution rate to predict microbial efficiency and amino acid flow post ruminally /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144444.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Kendall, Dustin Clay. "Opportunities and limitations for low-protein diet formulation in swine /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164518.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Scholljegerdes, Eric J. "Amino acid and fatty acid nutrition of beef cattle consuming high-forage diets." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=888865061&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ludden, Paul Anthony. "Amino acid and energy interrelationships in growing beef cattle /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842550.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Nolte, Joubert van Eeden. "Essential amino acid requirements for growth in woolled sheep." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1666.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Thesis (PhD(Agric) (Animal Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
This project consisted of five studies. The objectives were to determine the essential amino acid (AA) requirements of growing woolled lambs (Merino and Dohne Merino) and the essential AA profile of duodenal digesta pre-dominantly derived from microbial protein. The limiting essential AA`s in high rumen degradable protein (RDP) diets to growing lambs, where microbial protein is the primary source of AA`s, were also identified. The first study determined the essential AA profile of duodenal protein on a high rumen degradable diet and evaluated the impact of dietary RDP concentration and source [true RDP vs. non-protein nitrogen (NPN)] on the AA composition of supplied in the duodenum. The first trial in this study evaluated the effects of increasing true RDP levels on the essential AA composition of duodenal protein primarily derived from rumen microbes. The lambs had free access to wheat straw and fresh water. The daily RDP supplements were administered in two equal doses into the rumens through rumen cannulas at 07:00 and 19:00. Duodenal digesta was extracted with 6h intervals through T-type cannulas, inserted proximally to the common bile duct. Sampling time was advanced 2h every day to obtain duodenal samples on every even hour of a 24h period after three days. As expected, deficient RDP limited the supply of essential AA`s in the iv duodenum. When the true RDP supplements increased, the duodenal flow of essential AA`s also increased concomitantly, but appeared to level off at the higher RDP levels. Despite the positive quantitative effects of true RDP supplementation on AA supply to the duodenum, the AA profile in the duodenum was unaltered. Consequently, the essential AA profile of duodenal protein of sheep receiving high RDP diets, where microbial protein is the primary source of AA`s in the duodenum, is relatively constant and insensitive to dietary RDP concentration. In the second trial the effects of RDP source (true RDP vs. NPN) on the essential AA profile of duodenal protein on high RDP diets were evaluated by substituting increasing amounts of urea for true RDP in isonitrogenous teatments. Higher NPN increments reduced the daily supply of essential AA`s in the duodenum. In corroboration of the first trial, the AA profile of the duodenal protein was very constant, irrespective of the RDP source. Since microbial protein is the major source of duodenal AA`s on high RDP diets, this study supports the view that microbial protein has a relatively constant AA profile, but microbial protein yield varies according to several rate limiting factors in the rumen. A constant microbial AA profile allows accurate estimates of microbial essential AA supply in the small intestine if microbial protein production and fluid and particulate outflow rates from the rumen can be accurately predicted. This allows the development of more accurate undegradable protein (UDP) supplementation strategies, based on the essential AA requirements of animals. In the second study growing male Merino and Dohne Merino lambs were slaughtered at different weights and body condition scores. The digesta was removed from the stomachs and intestines and every organ or body part were weighed to determine the whole empty body (WEB) composition. The WEB was partitioned into the carcass, internall offal (stomachs, intestines, organs and blood) and external offal (head, feet, skin and wool). No differences were apparent in the proportional weight distribution of similar body components of the same breed at different ages. In a comparison between breeds, the proportional weight contributions of the carcasses from both breeds to the WEB weight were remarkably similar at both slaughtering stages. The Dohne Merino lambs had proportionally larger internal offals and smaller external offals than the Merino lambs at both slaughters. Unless the essential amino acid compositions of the internal and external offals were identical to the carcass, the dissimilarities in weight and protein allocation to these two components within the WEB`s of Merino and Dohne Merino lambs imply a distinct WEB essential AA composition for each breed. The apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), energy, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), fat and ash did not differ between Merino and Dohne Merino lambs. Energy retention was also similar for the two breeds, but the Merino lambs retained considerably more N than the Dohne Merino lambs. This may also impact on the respective amino acid requirements of the lambs. Since the Merino lambs utilise N more efficiently, they may have potentially lower essential amino acid requirements to achieve a similar growth rate. The WEB essential AA compositions of growing Merino and Dohne Merino lambs were determined in the third study. Based on the ideal protein concept, the WEB essential AA profile was accepted as representative of the AA requirements for growth. The use of a single body part as a representation of the WEB AA profile was also evaluated. Differences in the proportional weight and protein contribution of the three body components (carcass, internal offal and external offal) of the two breeds strongly suggested that the WEB AA composition of the breeds would differ, because of likely differences in the AA profiles of these components. The essential AA profiles of the carcasses from the two breeds were surprisingly similar. However, the essential AA compositions of the internal offal and external offal differed substantially from each other, as well as from the carcass. In addition, the internal offal and external offals of each breed had characteristic essential AA profiles. Inevitably, the WEB essential AA profiles of Merino and Dohne Merino lambs differed considerably. Only the leucine and phenylalanine concentrations in the WEB`s of Merino and Dohne Merino lambs did not differ. Significant differences in the concentrations of eight essential AA`s implied that the two breeds have different AA requirements for growth. The different AA compositions of the internal and external offal within each breed also illustrated that the use of a single body component, like the carcass, as a predictor of WEB essential AA composition contains considerable inaccuracies. The essential AA index indicated that the duodenal protein, primarily derived from rumen microbes, provided approximately 81 % of the qualitative AA requirements of growing lambs. During periods of sufficient availability of very low-quality forage, as the diet in this study simulated, microbial protein is not able to support maximum growth. The first two limiting AA`s (histidine and methionine) could not even support daily growth rates of 100 g/d. This is very low and stresses the need for effective undegradable AA supplementation under these conditions. Chemical scores identified histidine as the first limiting AA in high RDP diets (predominantly microbial protein), followed by methionine, leucine, arginine and phenylalanine. However, the requirements for histidine and arginine are frequently over estimated and these AA`s should actually be considered semi-essential, which could render methionine, leucine and phenylalanine the first three limiting AA`s to growing lambs receiving high RDP diets. Because of the limitations of static measurement systems for the determination of AA requirements, a more comprehensive evaluation method was introduced for determination of the limiting AA`s in duodenal protein of lambs on high RDP diets, in the fourth study. The fourth study focused on the identification of limiting AA`s to growing lambs being limit-fed a high RDP diet. The diet consisted primarily of soybean hulls, for its’ low rumen UDP content. Microbial protein production was calculated as 13 % of total digestible nutrient intake and complementary AA supplements prepared to simulate the WEB AA profile, determined in the previous study, in the small intestine. To eliminate the influence of the rumen on the AA supplements, the latter were infused into the abomasums via flexible tubing. Each essential AA was in turn removed from the control treatment (simulating the WEB composition) and the effect on N retention measured. When methionine or the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA`s) were removed from the infusate, N retention of the lambs was reduced. Consequently, methionine and at least one of the BCAA`s limited growth performance of young lambs when microbial protein was the predominant source of AA`s. The concomitant increased plasma concentrations of total AA`s when methionine or the BCAA`s were removed from the infusate corroborates the effects on N retention, since it indicates that AA utilisation was reduced when these AA imbalances were introduced. Amino acid imbalances had no effect on apparent DM, organic matter (OM) or NDF digestion, but N digestibility was reduced. The final study verified whether the BCAA’s were co-limiting the growth of lambs, or if any single BCAA was responsible for the limitation. Again the WEB AA profile of growing lambs was simulated in the small intestine via abomasal infusions to lambs receiving a soybean hull-based diet. Leucine, isoleucine and valine were individually or simultaneously removed from the infusate and the impact on N retention measured. On an individual basis valine had the largest negative impact on the efficiency of N utilisation. However, the simultaneous removal of the BCAA`s resulted in the lowest N retention, suggesting that valine might be limiting, but the three BCAA`s are more likely to be co-limiting in diets to growing lambs where microbial protein is the primary source of AA`s. Once again, neither DM, OM or NDF digestibility were affected by the AA imbalances. Nitrogen digestibility was, however, negatively affected by AA imbalances. This project succeeded in establishing the essential AA profile of duodenal protein in sheep receiving high RDP diets. The WEB essential AA compositions of growing lambs from two prominent sheep breeds in South Afica were then determined and the duodenal essential AA profile evaluated against the calculated AA requirements. Finally, the AA`s that limit growth in diets where microbial protein is the predominant source thereof were identified. These results contribute to the current knowledge of AA requirements in growing lambs, and highlight areas for future research, as discussed in the General Conclusion.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Kamalakar, Rajesh Babu Chiba Lee I. "Effect of the degree and duration of early dietary amino acid restrictions on growth performance, carcass traits, and serum metabolites of pigs, and physical and sensory characteristics of pork." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/FALL/Animal_Sciences/Thesis/Kamalakar_Rajesh_17.pdf.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Більше джерел

Книги з теми "Amino acids in animal nutrition"

D'Mello, J. P. F., ed. Amino acids in animal nutrition. Wallingford: CABI, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851996547.0000.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Felix, D'Mello J. P., ed. Amino acids in animal nutrition. 2nd ed. Willingford, Oxon, UK: CABI Pub., 2003.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Felix, D'Mello J. P., ed. Amino acids in farm animal nutrition. Wallingford, Oxon, UK: CAB International, 1994.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Dorothy, Kroll, and Business Communications Co, eds. Vitamins, minerals, and proteins/amino acids used for animal health. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1993.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

International Symposium on Protein Metabolism and Nutrition (5th 1987 Rostock, Germany). 5th International Symposium on Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, Wilhelm-Pieck-University Rostock (GDR). [S.l: s.n., 1988.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Malcolm, Asplund John, ed. Principles of protein nutrition of ruminants. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1994.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Blachier, Francois. Nutritional and Physiological Functions of Amino Acids in Pigs. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

B, Ammerman Clarence, Baker David H. 1939-, and Lewis Austin J, eds. Bioavailability of nutrients for animals: Amino acids, minerals, and vitamins. San Diego, Ca: Academic Press, 1995.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Commission, United States International Trade. Animal feed grade DL-methionine from France: Determination of the Commission in investigation no. 731-TA-255 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation. Washington, D.C: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1985.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

United States International Trade Commission. Animal feed grade DL-methionine from France: Determination of the Commission in investigation no. 731-TA-255 (preliminary) under the Tariff Act of 1930, together with the information obtained in the investigation. Washington, D.C: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1985.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Більше джерел

Частини книг з теми "Amino acids in animal nutrition"

Steinberg, Christian E. W. "Nonprotein Amino Acids—‘Fuel at All?’." In Aquatic Animal Nutrition, 243–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87227-4_12.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Wu, Guoyao. "Chemistry of Protein and Amino Acids." In Principles of Animal Nutrition, 149–92. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315120065-4.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Steinberg, Christian E. W. "Peptides or Amino Acids?—‘The Smaller, the Better?’." In Aquatic Animal Nutrition, 61–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87227-4_4.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Steinberg, Christian E. W. "Sulfur Amino Acids—‘Much More than Easy Fuel’." In Aquatic Animal Nutrition, 163–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87227-4_9.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Wu, Guoyao. "Nutrition and Metabolism of Protein and Amino Acids." In Principles of Animal Nutrition, 349–448. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315120065-7.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Steinberg, Christian E. W. "Simple Amino Acids: Gly, Ala, Asp, Gln—‘Pure Easy Fuel?’." In Aquatic Animal Nutrition, 107–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87227-4_6.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Karau, Andreas, and Ian Grayson. "Amino Acids in Human and Animal Nutrition." In Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, 189–228. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10_2014_269.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Steinberg, Christian E. W. "Basic Amino Acids and Prolines—‘Again: Much More than Easy Fuel’." In Aquatic Animal Nutrition, 193–221. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87227-4_10.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Dryden, Gordon McL. "Nutrient requirements." In Fundamentals of applied animal nutrition, 95–110. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394453.0008.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract This chapter describes how animals use protein, energy, amino acids, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients and their requirements for these nutrients for physiological processes and production responses.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

He, Wenliang, Peng Li, and Guoyao Wu. "Amino Acid Nutrition and Metabolism in Chickens." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 109–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54462-1_7.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractBoth poultry meat and eggs provide high-quality animal protein [containing sufficient amounts and proper ratios of amino acids (AAs)] for human consumption and, therefore, play an important role in the growth, development, and health of all individuals. Because there are growing concerns about the suboptimal efficiencies of poultry production and its impact on environmental sustainability, much attention has been paid to the formulation of low-protein diets and precision nutrition through the addition of low-cost crystalline AAs or alternative sources of animal-protein feedstuffs. This necessitates a better understanding of AA nutrition and metabolism in chickens. Although historic nutrition research has focused on nutritionally essential amino acids (EAAs) that are not synthesized or are inadequately synthesized in the body, increasing evidence shows that the traditionally classified nutritionally nonessential amino acids (NEAAs), such as glutamine and glutamate, have physiological and regulatory roles other than protein synthesis in chicken growth and egg production. In addition, like other avian species, chickens do not synthesize adequately glycine or proline (the most abundant AAs in the body but present in plant-source feedstuffs at low content) relative to their nutritional and physiological needs. Therefore, these two AAs must be sufficient in poultry diets. Animal proteins (including ruminant meat & bone meal and hydrolyzed feather meal) are abundant sources of both glycine and proline in chicken nutrition. Clearly, chickens (including broilers and laying hens) have dietary requirements for all proteinogenic AAs to achieve their maximum productivity and maintain optimum health particularly under adverse conditions such as heat stress and disease. This is a paradigm shift in poultry nutrition from the 70-year-old “ideal protein” concept that concerned only about EAAs to the focus of functional AAs that include both EAAs and NEAAs.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Amino acids in animal nutrition"

Grechkina, V. V. "Рroteins and amino acids as the basis of nutrition in animal husbandry". У INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: VETERINARY MEDICINE, AGRICULTURE, ENGINEERING AND ECOLOGY” (VMAEE2022). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0148388.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Luo, Fei, Ondrej Halgas, Pratish Gawand, and Sagar Lahiri. "Animal-free protein production using precision fermentation." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/ntka8679.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The $1.4 trillion animal industry could not sustainably scale further to feed the next billion population, as it is resource intensive, and heavy in greenhouse gas emission. The recent plant-based food movement has provided solution for more sustainable protein sources. However, the plant-based food sector faces challenges in reaching parity in texture, sensory experience (mouthfeel) and nutritional value as animal products, limiting their potential of reaching beyond the vegan and flexitarian consumers. The technical challenge behind this problem is that proteins from plants have intrinsically different amino acid compositions and structures from animal proteins, making it challenging to emulate the properties of animal products using plant-proteins alone. There is a clear and underserved need for novel protein ingredients that can complement plant-based protein ingredients to achieve parity of animal products. Fermentation is considered the third pillar of alternative protein revolution. At Liven, we focus our efforts on developing precision fermentation technology to produce functional protein ingredients that are natural replica of animal proteins. Using engineering biology, we transforms microorganisms with genes that are responsible for producing animal proteins such as collagen and gelatin. The transformed microorganisms are cultivated in fermenters to produce proteins from plant-based raw-materials. Since the protein produced are have identical amino acid sequences and structure as proteins that would be derived from animals, they provide the desired texture and sensory characteristics currently missing in plant-based formulations. For instance, our animal-free gelatin provides the functionality of thermally reversible gel. As our protein ingredients provides functionality and nutrition value of animal proteins, these ingredients could complement plant-based protein ingredients to deliver alt-protein food formulations more accurately emulate animal products, expand the market acceptance of alt-protein foods to mass consumers.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Sargsyan, Anyuta, F. Tkhruni, L. Agabekyan, M. Sargsyan, and Arev Israyelyan. "The role of probiotic lab in feedstuff." In 5th International Scientific Conference on Microbial Biotechnology. Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52757/imb22.31.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Frequent uncontrolled use of feed antibiotics in intensive production of feedstuff has led to the formation of resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria. The use of feed antibiotics has resulted in increased productivity of farm animals due to the suppression of the pathogenic microflora of the digestive system. The situation is exacerbated by animal stresses due to poor feed quality and poor conditions. Often there are cases of dysbacteriosis, especially in young animals, reduced cows’ reproduction, excess live weight of young animals, increased infectious and alimentary (caused by defective unbalanced feeding) origin is growing diseases. Based on the results of scientific of previous grants supported by the State Committee on Science of the Republic of Armenia and the ANSEF at the laboratory of Artsakh Scientific Center was developed a new technology for enrichment of feedstuff in accordance with the main nutritional resources of Artsakh and with probiotic lactic acid bacteria Enterococcus durans KE5, Lactobacillus acidophilus 1991, Streptococus lactis and Streptococcus termophilus. The data show that after the use of probiotic bacteria, the quality of the feed increases. The activity of probiotic bacteria suppresses the growth of fungi and pathogenic microflora. The results of the content of amino acids and protein during silage of the green mass of corn are given in Table 1. Table 1. The content of amino acids and protein source-grass from the Herher region Source-corn from the Herher region Amino acids, mg / ml Protein, % Lys Arg Ala Glut Val Isol Tre Met Fal Start The amount of amino acids mg / ml Control 1,6 1,2 1,6 2,4 2,4 2,4 0,8 3,2 0,4 0,8 16,8 16,5 Consortium LAB 1,6 0,8 1,2 0,4 1,6 2,4 1,2 1,6 0,4 0,8 12,0 28,0 Consortium LAB+yeast 1,6 1,2 1,2 0,8 1,6 2,4 1,2 1,6 0,4 0,8 12,8 24,0 The data obtained show that during silage of the green mass of corn, the addition of a consortium consisting of yeast and LAB or only LAB can increase the protein content by an average of 50%, which is higher than when silaging a mixture of grass, regardless of the source of its use. Conclusions The property of lactic acid bacteria to synthesize lactic acid is used for silage of green biomass. However, we have shown that the use of a consortium of LAB strains and yeast with probiotic properties leads to an increase in the content of protein and essential amino acids in silage, a decrease in its infectivity, and the effectiveness of the method used depends on the source and nature of the used method of green biomass and strains. Therefore, the use of starter culture from the consortium of investigated probiotics LAB and yeast in silage should be introduced as widely as possible, as they have a positive effect on the health of animals. Acknowledgments. This work was supported in the frame of the research projects MESC AR scs 19AA-002, ANSEF biotech 52-52.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Hu, Bo, David Marks, and Xiao Sun. "Fungal bioprocessing to improve quality of pennycress meal as potential feeding ingredient for monogastric animal." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/izob6294.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Pennycress is an annual cover crop in temperate North America and its seeds contain around 30% of oil and 20% of crude protein. Pennycress oil can be used for biodiesel production, while the seed meal has limited use in animal feed due to its relative high content of phenolic compounds and crude fiber. The nutritional value of pennycress meal (PM) can be improved by processing with GRAS fungal strains. In this study, three fungal strains, Rhizopus oryzae (RO), Mucor indicus (MI), and Aspergillus oryzae (AO), were used to ferment PM that contains 21% of total amino acids and 17% of structure carbohydrates. The fermentation was performed by inoculating each strain to the sterilized PM with initial moisture of 60% and incubated statically at 28 °C for 6 days. Amino acids profile, structure carbohydrates, soluble sugar, phytate, and mycotoxins including total aflatoxins, zearalenone (ZEN), and deoxynivalenol (DON) were monitored on the samples after fermentation. As compared to control without fermentation, the total amino acids were improved by 4.0% with RO and 5.9% with AO. Threonine, arginine, alanine, and lysine were significantly enriched in RO and AO treated meal. RO and MI degraded the fiber component into cellobiose, which was increased by 3 and 5.8-fold, respectively. Phytate was reduced by 46.6% with RO, 37.3% with AO, and 33.3% with MI. Compared with the control, ZEN was reduced by 39.3%, 32%, and 50% in AO, MI and RO treated meal, respectively. Total aflatoxin content was low in PM, and MI and RO treatments further reduced its content after fermentation. No significant change of DON was observed in the PM fermented by each strain. This study demonstrated the potential of using fungi to improve the feeding value of PM, which could potentially promote the plantation of oilseed crops in the region.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Gutium, Olga, and Viorica Cazac-Scobioala. "Nettles — miraculous plant in traditional dishes." In Simpozion internațional de etnologie: Tradiții și procese etnice, Ediția III. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975841733.09.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Traditional food plays an important role in local identity, consumer behaviour, the transfer of cultural heritage to future generations and the interaction of this heritage with the rest of the world. Local products are, as a rule, natural products, which have a high nutritional and biological value and are perfectly inscribed in the national food traditions. Until the advent of agriculture, the fi rst foods for our ancestors were those picked up from nature. Th ey had a longer life expectancy and a stronger immune system, and this is probably due to their diet rich in herbs and raw products. Nettles play an important role in nutrition and health, especially in spring aft er the relative shortage of fresh sources of vitamins in the winter period, when the nutritional qualities of vegetables and food are low. Th e preliminary study carried out in the fi eld, found that nettles were used in various traditional dishes in various regions of the Republic of Moldova such as: soups, broths, stews, sauces, fasting food, pilafs, salads, pies, canned food for the winter, spices, drinks, tinctures, etc. Th ese plants were also used in traditional medicine, methods of care and health, craft smanship (making textile fi bers, coarse fabrics, fi shing ropes, paper), fodder for animals, destruction of insects and pests in the garden, etc. According to popular beliefs, many customs and superstitions are related to nettles. Th ey are associated with their protective force, with their endowment to heal and maintain people’s health, to remove unclean forces; bundles of nettles were hung at the entrance and corners of the house, animal stables, etc. In the framework of the study of the state program 20.8009.0807.17 analyzing the composition and physico-chemical properties of nettles and of dishes with the use of nettles, a fairly high biological value of these plants was noted. Nettles are rich in substances of protein nature, having a large number of amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins C, B2, and K pantothenic acid, folic acid, chlorophyll, carotene, calcium salts, magnesium, iron, silicon, phosphates, etc.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Resink, J. W., and T. A. T. G. van Kempen. "Protective effects of amino acids after weaning." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_98.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Yusuf, Muhammad, and Rohanta Siregar. "Analysis of Micro Nutrition and Amino Essential Acids of Pempek Green Content." In First International Conference on Health, Social Sciences and Technology (ICOHSST 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210415.054.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Valadares Filho, S. C., P. M. Amaral, D. Zanetti, L. D. S. Mariz, S. A. Santos, S. A. Lopes, L. F. Prados, et al. "Net essential amino acids requirements for Nellore and crossbred Angus × Nellore cattle." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_151.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Fernández-Fígares, I., L. Lara, and M. Lachica. "Betaine increases portal appearance of amino acids and peptides in Iberian pigs." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_77.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Lærke, H. N., A. K. Ingerslev, P. Zhou, J. V. Nørgaard, and S. K. Jensen. "Milk protein – more than just amino acids? A study on growth and growth biomarkers in piglets." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_110.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Звіти організацій з теми "Amino acids in animal nutrition"

Singh, Anjali. Amino Acids: Building Blocks of Proteins. ConductScience, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/cs20220612.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Amino acids are essential organic compounds serving as protein building blocks. Recognized for their biological roles, they underpin proteins' structure and interactions. Classified by polarity and nutritional necessity, essential amino acids, not synthesized by the body, include histidine, leucine, lysine, and more, while non-essential ones are produced internally. These molecules exhibit diverse functions, from neurotransmitter precursor synthesis to immune support. Industries leverage amino acids in animal feed, artificial sweeteners, flavor enhancers, and drug manufacturing, highlighting their vital role in various applications beyond biological systems.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Anderson, Olin D., Gad Galili, and Ann E. Blechl. Enhancement of Essential Amino Acids in Cereal Seeds: Four Approaches to Increased Lysine Content. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7585192.bard.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Cereal seeds are the basis of the human diet, and their amino acid composition is thus of major nutritional and economic importance. Currently, deficiencies in essential amino acids are addressed, when possible, by additionalprotein sources or by supplementing animal feed with non-cereal protein or synthetic amino acids. A number of strategies have been suggested to make cereal flours more complete and balanced sources of amino acids, although systematic examination of such strategies is rare. This project proposed to begin such a systematic examination using four complementary and parallel approaches to increasing wheat seed lysine: 1) Modifying endogenous wheat seed proteins for increased lysine composition. 2) Overexpression of naturally occurring high-lysine proteins in the wheat endosperm. 3) Ectopic expression of proteins in the wheat endosperm. 4) Alteration of free lysine levels in the wheat endosperm. The results of these studies are expected to be wheat lines with increased lysine content and will establish a clearer understanding of the approaches most likely to enhance cereal seed protein quality. Progress is reported for all four objectives, with a significant foundation for further work on two of the objectives (modification of wheat storage proteins and lysine metabolism). Plans for continuing work on all four objectives are briefly outlined.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Groot, J. J., J. Broeze, and R. B. Castelein. Food and nutrition security in Kibera (Nairobi, Kenya) with a focus on protein and amino acids. Wageningen: Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/583746.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

McGuire, Mark A., Amichai Arieli, Israel Bruckental, and Dale E. Bauman. Increasing Mammary Protein Synthesis through Endocrine and Nutritional Signals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7574338.bard.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Objectives To determine endocrine factors that regulate the partitioning of amino acids by the mammary gland. To evaluate dietary flow and supply of energy and amino acids and their effects on milk protein synthesis and endocrine status. To use primary cultures of cow mammary epithelial cells to examine the role of specific factors on the rates and pattern of milk protein synthesis. Milk protein is an increasingly valuable component of milk but little is known regarding the specific hormonal and nutritional factors controlling milk protein synthesis. The research conducted for this project has determined that milk protein synthesis has the potential to be enhanced much greater than previously believed. Increases of over 25% in milk protein percent and yield were detected in studies utilizing abomasal infusion of casein and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Thus, it appears that insulin, either directly or indirectly, can elicit a substantial increase in milk protein synthesis if additional amino acids are supplied. For additional amino acids, casein provided the best response even though substantial decreases in branched chain amino acids occur when the insulin clamp is utilized. Branched chain amino acids alone are incapable of supporting the enhanced milk protein output. The mammary gland can vary both blood flow and extraction efficiency of amino acids to support protein synthesis. A mammary culture system was used to demonstrate specific endocrine effects on milk protein synthesis. Insulin-like growth factor-I when substituted for insulin was able to enhance casein and a-lactalbumin mRNA. This suggests that insulin is a indirect regulator of milk protein synthesis working through the IGF system to control mammary production of casein and a-lactalbumin. Principal component analysis determined that carbohydrate had the greatest effect on milk protein yield with protein supply only having minor effects. Work in cattle determined that the site of digestion of starch did not affect milk composition alone but the degradability of starch and protein in the rumen can interact to alter milk yield. Cows fed diets with a high degree of rumen undegradability failed to specifically enhance milk protein but produced greater milk yield with similar composition. The mammary gland has an amazing ability to produce protein of great value. Research conducted here has demonstrated the unprecedented potential of the metabolic machinery in the mammary gland. Insulin, probably signaling the mammary gland through the IGF system is a key regulator that must be combined with adequate nutrition in order for maximum response.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Sadot, Einat, Christopher Staiger, and Mohamad Abu-Abied. Studies of Novel Cytoskeletal Regulatory Proteins that are Involved in Abiotic Stress Signaling. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592652.bard.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In the original proposal we planned to focus on two proteins related to the actin cytoskeleton: TCH2, a touch-induced calmodulin-like protein which was found by us to interact with the IQ domain of myosin VIII, ATM1; and ERD10, a dehydrin which was found to associate with actin filaments. As reported previously, no other dehydrins were found to interact with actin filaments. In addition so far we were unsuccessful in confirming the interaction of TCH2 with myosin VIII using other methods. In addition, no other myosin light chain candidates were found in a yeast two hybrid survey. Nevertheless we have made a significant progress in our studies of the role of myosins in plant cells. Plant myosins have been implicated in various cellular activities, such as cytoplasmic streaming (1, 2), plasmodesmata function (3-5), organelle movement (6-10), cytokinesis (4, 11, 12), endocytosis (4, 5, 13-15) and targeted RNA transport (16). Plant myosins belong to two main groups of unconventional myosins: myosin XI and myosin VIII, both closely related to myosin V (17-19). The Arabidopsis myosin family contains 17 members: 13 myosin XI and four myosin VIII (19, 20). The data obtained from our research of myosins was published in two papers acknowledging BARD funding. To address whether specific myosins are involved with the motility of specific organelles, we cloned the cDNAs from neck to tail of all 17 Arabidopsis myosins. These were fused to GFP and used as dominant negative mutants that interact with their cargo but are unable to walk along actin filaments. Therefore arrested organelle movement in the presence of such a construct shows that a particular myosin is involved with the movement of that particular organelle. While no mutually exclusive connections between specific myosins and organelles were found, based on overexpression of dominant negative tail constructs, a group of six myosins (XIC, XIE, XIK, XI-I, MYA1 and MYA2) were found to be more important for the motility of Golgi bodies and mitochondria in Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum (8). Further deep and thorough analysis of myosin XIK revealed a potential regulation by head and tail interaction (Avisar et al., 2011). A similar regulatory mechanism has been reported for animal myosin V and VIIa (21, 22). In was shown that myosin V in the inhibited state is in a folded conformation such that the tail domain interacts with the head domain, inhibiting its ATPase and actinbinding activities. Cargo binding, high Ca2+, and/or phosphorylation may reduce the interaction between the head and tail domains, thus restoring its activity (23). Our collaborative work focuses on the characterization of the head tail interaction of myosin XIK. For this purpose the Israeli group built yeast expression vectors encoding the myosin XIK head. In addition, GST fusions of the wild-type tail as well as a tail mutated in the amino acids that mediate head to tail interaction. These were sent to the US group who is working on the isolation of recombinant proteins and performing the in vitro assays. While stress signals involve changes in Ca2+ levels in plants cells, the cytoplasmic streaming is sensitive to Ca2+. Therefore plant myosin activity is possibly regulated by stress. This finding is directly related to the goal of the original proposal.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ми пропонуємо знижки на всі преміум-плани для авторів, чиї праці увійшли до тематичних добірок літератури. Зв'яжіться з нами, щоб отримати унікальний промокод!