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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Amide function"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 26 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Amide function"

1

Asahara, Haruyasu, Keita Arikiyo, and Nagatoshi Nishiwaki. "Development of variously functionalized nitrile oxides." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 11 (July 23, 2015): 1241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.138.

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N-Methylated amides (N,4-dimethylbenzamide and N-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide) were systematically subjected to chemical transformations, namely, N-tosylation followed by nucleophilic substitution. The amide function was converted to the corresponding carboxylic acid, esters, amides, aldehyde, and ketone upon treatment with hydroxide, alkoxide, amine, diisobutylaluminium hydride and Grignard reagent, respectively. In these transformations, N-methyl-N-tosylcarboxamides behave like a Weinreb amide. Similarly, N-methyl-5-phenylisoxazole-3-carboxamide was converted into 3-functionalized isoxazole derivatives. Since the amide was prepared by the cycloaddition reaction of ethynylbenzene and N-methylcarbamoylnitrile oxide, the nitrile oxide served as the equivalent of the nitrile oxides bearing a variety of functional groups such as carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, acyl and formyl moieties.
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2

ZHANG, JIA-XIANG, LEI-YANG ZHANG, NAI-XING WANG, YUE-HUA WU, ZHAN YAN, and DUMITRA LUCAN. "NMR studies of rotamers with multi-substituted amides." Journal of Engineering Sciences and Innovation 6, no. 4 (November 17, 2021): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.56958/jesi.2021.6.4.2.

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Rotamers existed in the multi-substituted amide play an important role in the chemical reactivity function. Diverse chemical reactivity of substrates which contain an amide group is significantly affected by their rotamers. In this paper, rotamers of amides were studied and confirmed by means of NMR spectra. It was found that the ratio of related rotamers of amides depend on the amides bulk. When the nitrogen atom is located in the ring rigid structure, the rotation of C-N bond is limited and it is difficult to produce rotational isomers. In addition, we also found that substituted groups in phenyl ring cannot affect the ratio of related rotamers.
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3

Zhou, Xueer, Petra Vasko, Jamie Hicks, M. Ángeles Fuentes, Andreas Heilmann, Eugene L. Kolychev, and Simon Aldridge. "Cooperative N–H bond activation by amido-Ge(ii) cations." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 27 (2020): 9495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt01960g.

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Germylium-ylidene cations, [R(L)Ge]+, featuring amido substituents at R and NHC or phosphine donors at L have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The Lewis acidic germanium cation and proximal amide function allow for facile cleavage of N–H bonds in 1,2 fashion.
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4

Zhang, Bengang, Xinyi Chen, Antonio Pizzi, Mathieu Petrissans, Stephane Dumarcay, Anelie Petrissans, Xiaojian Zhou, Guanben Du, Baptiste Colin, and Xuedong Xi. "Highly Branched Tannin-Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine-Urea Wood Adhesives." Polymers 15, no. 4 (February 10, 2023): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15040890.

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Condensed tannin copolymerized with hyperbranched tris(2-aminoethyl)amine-urea formed by amine-amido deamination yields a particleboard thermosetting adhesive without any aldehydes satisfying the requirements of relevant standards for the particleboard internal bond strength. The tannin–triamine–urea cures well at 180 °C, a relatively low temperature for today’s particleboard hot pressing. As aldehydes were not used, the formaldehyde emission was found to be zero, not even in traces due to the heating of wood. The effect is ascribed to the presence of many reactive sites, such as amide, amino, and phenolic groups belonging to the three reagents used. The tannin appears to function as an additional cross-linking agent, almost a nucleating agent, for the triamine–urea hyperbranched oligomers. Chemical analysis by MALDI ToF and 13C NMR has shown that the predominant cross-linking reaction is that of the substitution of the tannin phenolic hydroxyls by the amino groups of the triamine. The reaction of tannin with the still-free amide groups of urea is rather rare, but it may occur with the rarer tannin flavonoid units in which the heterocyclic ring is opened. Due to the temperature gradient between the surfaces and the board core in the particleboard during hot pressing, the type and the relative balance of covalent and ionic bonds in the resin structure may differ in the surfaces and the board core.
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5

Sun, Chang-Liang, Xiao-Nan Jiang, and Chang-Sheng Wang. "An analytic potential energy function for the amide-amide and amide-water intermolecular hydrogen bonds in peptides." Journal of Computational Chemistry 30, no. 15 (November 30, 2009): 2567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.21266.

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6

Pandita, Sangeeta, and Rohit Ishpujani. "AN ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY, EFFICIENT, AND FACILE METHODOLOGY FOR THE NITRATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS USING UREA NITRATE." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry 15, no. 04 (2022): 2933–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2022.1548002.

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Анотація:
An efficient, environmentally friendly, and facile methodology is developed for room temperature nitration of variously substituted aromatic compounds using urea nitrate and concentrated sulphuric acid. The method uses a simple aqueous workup without organic solvents and results in the formation of mono-nitro compounds in excellent yields. Amides are nitrated smoothly without hydrolysis of the amide function.
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7

Imhof, Wolfgang. "N-Phenyl-2-(phenyliminomethyl)pyrrole-1-carboxamide." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 11 (October 5, 2007): o4265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807048416.

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The title compound, C18H15N3O, was prepared from phenyl(1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene)amine and phenyl isocyanate in the presence of catalytic amounts of [Pd(PPh3)4]. The conformation of the molecular structure is determined by an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the amide NH function and the imine N atom. The molecule is essentially planar. Only the peripheral phenyl substitutents are bent out of the plane.
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8

McKinney, Michele K., and Benjamin F. Cravatt. "STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF FATTY ACID AMIDE HYDROLASE." Annual Review of Biochemistry 74, no. 1 (June 2005): 411–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133450.

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9

Mcguire, Edward J., Robert H. Gray, and Felix A. De La Iglesia. "Chemical Structure-Activity Relationships: Peroxisome Proliferation and Lipid Regulation in Rats." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 11, no. 3 (May 1992): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819209141875.

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Studies described here address structure-activity relationships of novel hypolipidemic agents that induce peroxisome proliferation. Male rats were given equivalent doses of three well-studied fibrates, fibrate amides, and structurally dissimilar agents. Aryloxyalkanoic acids, amide analogs, and thio, benzimidazole, phenylpiperazine, and oxazole derivatives induced peroxisome proliferation and decreased plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. These compounds contain an acidic function or appear to be readily metabolized to a derivative with an acidic function. Substitution of this substituent with an adamantyloxy eliminated peroxisome proliferation and induced contrasting effects on the lipid profile, substantially increasing triglycerides. A direct correlation was established between hepatocellular peroxisome proliferation and plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDD-cholesterol levels.
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10

Schmidtler, J., W. Schepp, I. Janczewska, N. Weigert, C. Furlinger, V. Schusdziarra, and M. Classen. "GLP-1-(7-36) amide, -(1-37), and -(1-36) amide: potent cAMP-dependent stimuli of rat parietal cell function." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 260, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): G940—G950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1991.260.6.g940.

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We investigated the effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-(7-36) amide and its molecular variants GLP-1-(1-37) and GLP-1-(1-36) amide on enzymatically dispersed enriched rat parietal cells using [14C]aminopyrine accumulation as a measure of H+ production. GLP-1-(7-36) amide was 100 times more potent than GLP-1-(1–37) and GLP-1-(1–36) amide in stimulating [14C]aminopyrine accumulation. At their maximally effective concentrations, GLP-1–(7–36) amide (10(-8) M), GLP-1–(1–37) (10(-6) M), and GLP-1–(1–36) amide (10(-6) M) reached 80-90% of the response to 10(-4) M histamine. However, the peptides were 100-10,000 times more potent than histamine, which induced maximal [14C]aminopyrine accumulation at 10(-4) M. Stimulation by GLP-1 was dependent on the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and was not altered by pertussis toxin. Ranitidine failed to affect the response to the GLP-1 variants. Stimulation of H+ production by GLP-1 was accompanied by an increase in the formation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) but not by changes in phosphoinositol breakdown. In stimulating [14C]aminopyrine accumulation, the GLP-1 variants acted additively to threshold but not to maximal concentrations of histamine, suggesting that histamine and GLP-1 activate the same cAMP pool. In contrast, in anesthetized rats GLP-1-(7–36) amide (10–500 ng.kg-1.h-1) had no effect on basal and pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion in vivo. We conclude that GLP-1 exerts a direct stimulatory effect on rat parietal cells. This potent effect is mediated by cAMP and is independent of H2 receptors. In vivo direct stimulation by GLP-1 of the parietal cells might be counterbalanced by indirect inhibitory mechanisms that are excluded in the in vitro cell system.
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Дисертації з теми "Amide function"

1

Knapper, Jacqueline M. E. "Evaluation of GIP and intestinal GLP-1(7-36)amide function in hyperphagic states." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1992. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/651/.

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2

Tosi, Eleonora. "Nouvelles opportunités pour la synthèse peptidique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENCM0008.

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Анотація:
Les peptides et les protéines sont des biomolécules essentielles, impliquées dans des nombreux processus physiologiques. Outre ces processus vitaux, ces molécules sont très étudiées et attirent l’attention dans des domaines aussi différents que la chimie médicinale, les polymères et les matériaux. Par conséquent, la maîtrise de leur production, notamment par synthèse chimique, est primordiale.Dans ce contexte, notre laboratoire a développé une méthode originale pour la synthèse de dipeptides basée sur un nouveau mode d’activation (activation de la fonction amine au lieu de la fonction acide carboxylique). Malheureusement malgré tous les avantages apportés par cette méthodologie, elle présente certains inconvénients tels que des temps de réaction très long.Mon projet de thèse se concentre d’abord sur l’amélioration de cette méthodologie, avec une attention particulière pour la cinétique de la réaction et ensuite évaluer la possible application de celle-ci dans le cadre des amides généraux. Donc, dans un premier temps il était important d’étudier à fond la réaction en changeant les paramètres pour essayer d’optimiser les conditions en réduisant le temps de réaction en conservant un très bon rendement ainsi que tester différents additifs ou encore étudier plusieurs nouveaux agents de couplage, ou changer la dilution du milieu réactionnel etc. En termes de cinétique de réaction, nous avons pu constater que la réaction pouvait avoir lieu en 30 minutes au lieu de 20 heures par le biais de micro-ondes. Finalement, après avoir modifié les conditions de réaction, la synthèse d'amides généraux a été réalisée en obtenant les produits avec des bons rendements.En parallèle, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’expansion des petits cycles via les métaux de transition qui repose sur le réarrangement des aziridines et se déroule dans des conditions douces pour arriver à la formation de 3-pyrrolines
Peptides and proteins are amongst the essential molecules in the everyday life. Consequently, they are widely investigated and used in several synthetic and natural-derived materials covering a broad range of applications. Hence, mastering their production, especially by chemical synthesis, is of utmost importance.Our group has proposed an original procedure for the formation of amides on the basis of a novel mode of activation (“inverse activation” of AA through the amine function) affording the synthesis of several dipeptides. Nonetheless, this methodology presents some main drawbacks such as the long time to complete the reaction.This PhD thesis work focuses on improving this methodology to synthesise peptide targets and to be able to extend the methodology to the synthesis of “general” (no-amino acids substrates) amides. To accomplish our aim, we examined the different parameters of the peptide coupling such as the solvent, the concentration, the activating reagent, the additives and the time of the reaction. For instance, in terms of reaction kinetics we were delighted to observe that the reaction could take place in only 30 minutes instead of 20 hours using microwave irradiation. Moreover, we found that the additives used for the reaction (CuBr2/HOBt 10 mol% each) could be replaced by a catalytic amount of trifluoroacetic acid in a more diluted solution to give dipeptides in good yield (in the absence of a transition metal). Then, we focus our attention on the synthesis of general amides. Once the reaction conditions were optimised, we explored the scope of the substrate obtaining the desired products in good yield showing the versatility of this methodology.In parallel, we realised another project on the ring-expansion of the vinyl aziridines in order to afford the formation of 3-pyrrolines, interesting building blocks in organic synthesis
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3

Delgado, Aros Sílvia. "Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-1-(7-36)amide (GLP-1) on Gastric Motor Function in Health and Diabetes: Potential Mechanism of Action." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4416.

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Анотація:
El Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), un pèptid derivat del processament del proglucagó en les cè_lules L del jejúnum i del colon, inhibeix la secreció àcida gàstrica i el buidament gàstric, a més de reduir la capacitat d'ingesta. Els mecanismes d'acció del GLP-1 no estan clars. Hi ha dades que suggereixen que la inhibició de les funcions gàstriques per part del GLP-1 estan mitjançades pel nervi vagus.
L'acomodació o relaxació gàstrica en resposta a la ingesta és un reflex mitjançat pel vagus que dóna lloc a un increment del volum o capacitat gàstrica que impedeix l'increment de la pressió intragàstrica quan mengem, evitant així l'aparició de símptomes. La primera hipòtesi que vàrem plantejar va ser que el GLP-1 inhibeix el reflex d'acomodació gàstrica i que això explicaria en part la reducció de la capacitat d'ingesta que s'observa en administrar el GLP-1. Per provar aquesta hipòtesi vàrem comparar els efectes d'una infusió endovenosa de GLP-1 i placebo, en voluntaris sans, sobre l'acomodació gàstrica postprandial (mesurada amb la tècnica SPECT), l'increment postprandial del polipèptid pancreàtic (marcador de funció vagal abdominal) i el volum d'un nutrient líquid (Ensure®) ingerit fins atansar la sacietat màxima. Els resultats del primer estudi van demostrar que el GLP-1 no inhibeix l'acomodació gàstrica postprandial; al contrari, va augmentar el volum gàstric en dejú i després del menjar. Això es va acompanyar per una marcada inhibició de la secreció de polipèptid pancreàtic, la qual està sota control vagal colinèrgic. Degut a que el to gàstric està mantingut per influència colinèrgica vagal, els resultats obtinguts són compatibles amb la hipòtesi de que el GLP-1 indueix relaxació gàstrica (augment de volum gàstric) per inhibició de les vies colinèrgiques vagals. Si aquesta hipòtesi fos certa, en cas de disfunció vagal o vagotomia, el GLP-1 no produiria relaxació gàstrica (augment de volum gàstric).
Per provar aquesta segona hipòtesi, vàrem estudiar l'efecte de la mateixa infusió endovenosa de GLP-1, comparada amb placebo, en els volums gàstrics de subjectes amb neuropatia vagal diabètica. Vàrem comparar també els volums gàstrics dels malalts diabètics que rebien placebo amb els dels subjectes sans estudiats en el primer estudi presentat en aquesta tesi. Al contrari del que vàrem observar en subjectes sans, el GLP-1 no va augmentar el volum gàstric en malalts diabètics amb neuropatia vagal. Això suggereix que l'efecte del GLP-1 sobre el volum gàstric està mitjançat pel nervi vagus.
Els malalts diabètics avaluats presentaven volums gàstrics, tan en dejú com després del menjar, similars als dels subjectes sans. El nervi vagus participa en el control del to o volum gàstric, però hi ha altres mecanismes que també hi participen. Es més, hi ha evidència de que el to gàstric pot ser controlat adequadament en absència de innervació vagal extrínseca. De manera que la troballa de la existència de volums gàstrics normals en malalts amb neuropatia vagal s'afegeix a la evidència de que, en cas d'alteració del reflex principal vago-vagal, es produeix un mecanisme adaptatiu per preservar la resposta de relaxació gàstrica postprandial.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a peptide derived from the processing of the proglucagon molecule in L cells of the jejunum and colon, inhibits gastric acid secretion and gastric emptying rate and it also decreases food consumption. It is still not clear how these effects of GLP-1 are mediated. There are data that suggest that GLP-1 inhibition of upper gastrointestinal functions is mediated through the vagus nerve.
The accommodation or relaxation of the stomach in response to meal ingestion is a vagally-mediated reflex that increases gastric volume. This prevents the increase in intragastric pressure when food and fluid enter in the stomach, avoiding the development of symptoms.
We hypothesized that GLP-1 inhibits the gastric accommodation reflex and that this effect could partly explain the reduced food consumption with GLP-1. To test this hypothesis, we compared, in healthy volunteers, the effects of intravenous infusion of GLP-1 and placebo, on postprandial gastric accommodation (as measured by the SPECT technique), postprandial response of plasma human pancreatic polypeptide (a surrogate marker of vagal abdominal function) and the volume of a nutrient liquid meal (Ensure_) ingested at maximum satiation. The results of the first study showed that GLP-1 does not inhibit postprandial gastric accommodation; on the contrary, it increased fasting and postprandial gastric volumes. This was accompanied by a marked inhibition of the pancreatic polypeptide release, which is under vagal cholinergic control. Since gastric tone is maintained by vagal cholinergic input, the results observed in our first study suggested that GLP-1 could induce gastric relaxation (increase gastric volume) by inhibition of vagal cholinergic pathways. If this hypothesis were true, one would predict that in the presence of vagal dysfunction or vagotomy, GLP-1 would not induce gastric relaxation (increase gastric volume).
To test this second hypothesis we studied the effect of the same intravenous infusion of GLP-1, compared to placebo, on gastric volumes in a sample of subjects with diabetes affected with vagal neuropathy. We also compared gastric volumes in diabetic patients on placebo to those in the healthy subjects who participated in the first study presented in this thesis. In contrast to effects in health, GLP-1 did not increase gastric volume in diabetics with vagal neuropathy. This suggests that the effect of GLP-1 on gastric volume is dependent on vagal function.
The diabetic patients evaluated had gastric volumes similar to those of healthy controls. The vagus nerve participates in the control of gastric volume or tone; however, there are other mechanisms involved. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that gastric tone may be adequately controlled in the absence of extrinsic vagal innervation. Thus, we believe that the normal gastric volume response to a meal observed in the presence of vagal neuropathy adds to the growing evidence of the existence of an adaptive response preserving postprandial gastric relaxation when the main vago-vagal reflex is impaired.
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4

May, Alexander T. "Identification of Expression and Function of the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor in Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4886.

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Анотація:
In response to ingestion of nutrients, enteroendocrine L cells secrete the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), to enhance glucose-dependent insulin release. Therapies related to GLP-1 are approved for type 2 diabetes. The GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is expressed in cells of the gastrointestinal tract and elsewhere. In pancreatic beta cells, GLP-1R are coupled to the Gs/cAMP/PKA pathway. The expression and function of GLP-1R in gastrointestinal smooth muscle are not known. Aim. To test the hypothesis that GLP-1 regulates smooth muscle function by acting on GLP-1R expressed on smooth muscle. Methods. Smooth muscle cells (SMC) were isolated and cultured. Expression of GLP-1R mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. Expression of GLP-1R protein was measured by western blot. The effect of GLP-1 (7-36) amide on Gαs activation, cAMP formation, and PKA activity was examined in cultured SMC. The effect of GLP-1 on basal activity and on acetylcholine-induced contraction was measured in intact colon via organ bath. Results. Amplification of GLP-1R mRNA suggested expression of GLP-1R mRNA in mucosal and non-mucosal colon cells, which was confirmed in pure SMC cultures. Similar patterns of protein expression were obtained with western blot. Addition of GLP-1 caused relaxation of phasic activity and agonist-induced tonic contractions in intact colon, suggesting a role of smooth muscle Gs-coupled GLP-1R in mediating relaxation. In SMC, GLP-1 (7-36) amide activated Gas, increased cAMP levels, and stimulated PKA activity. Conclusion. Colonic SMC express GLP-1R, and GLP-1 inhibits both basal and acetylcholine-induced contraction. The GLP1-R is coupled to the heterotrimeric G protein, Gas.
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5

Kim, Sang-Chul. "Functional Characterization of Plant Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33177/.

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Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) terminates the endocannabinoid signaling pathway that regulates numerous neurobehavioral processes in animals by hydrolyzing a class of lipid mediators, N-acylethanolamines (NAEs). Recent identification of an Arabidopsis FAAH homologue (AtFAAH) and several studies, especially those using AtFAAH overexpressing and knock-out lines suggest that a FAAH-mediated pathway exists in plants for the metabolism of endogenous NAEs. Here, I provide evidence to support this concept by identifying candidate FAAH cDNA sequences in diverse plant species. NAE amidohydrolase assays confirmed that several of the proteins encoded by these cDNAs indeed catalyzed the hydrolysis of NAEs in vitro. Kinetic parameters, inhibition properties, and substrate specificities of the plant FAAH enzymes were very similar to those of mammalian FAAH. Five amino acid residues determined to be important for catalysis by rat FAAH were absolutely conserved within the plant FAAH sequences. Site-directed mutation of each of the five putative catalytic residues in AtFAAH abolished its hydrolytic activity when expressed in Escherichia coli. Contrary to overexpression of native AtFAAH in Arabidopsis that results in enhanced seedling growth, and in seedlings that were insensitive to exogenous NAE, overexpression of the inactive AtFAAH mutants showed no growth enhancement and no NAE tolerance. However, both active and inactive AtFAAH overexpressors displayed hypersensitivity to ABA, suggesting a function of the enzyme independent of its catalytic activity toward NAE substrates. Yeast two-hybrid screening identified Arg/Ser-rich zinc knuckle-containing protein as a candidate protein that physically and domain-specifically interacts with AtFAAH and its T-DNA knock-out Arabidopsis was hypersensitive to ABA to a degree similar to AtFAAH overexpressors. Taken together, AtFAAH appears to have a bifurcating function, via NAE hydrolysis and protein-protein interaction, to control Arabidopsis growth and interaction with phytohormone signaling pathways. These studies help to functionally define the group of enzymes that metabolize NAEs in plants, and further will expand the knowledge-base of lipid metabolism and signaling for manipulation of various physiological processes important to plant growth and responses to environmental stress.
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6

Uemura, Kazuhiro. "Studies on crystal structures and functions of amide group-containing coordination polymers." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/59326.

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7

Ortmayer, Mary. "Structure and function of an unusual heme dependent secondary amine oxidase." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/structure-and-function-of-an-unusual-heme-dependent-secondary-amine-oxidase(2171f7d9-a40d-4605-85ff-452c4f30b551).html.

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The orphan enzyme “secondary amine monooxygenase (SAMO)” catalyses the N- dealkylation of dimethylamine (DMA) to methylamine and formaldehyde using NADPH and oxygen. It is described in the literature as a heme-dependent monooxygenase enzyme, similar in terms of the overall reaction catalysed to the well- characterised cytochrome P450s (CYPs). However, the SAMO heme is without the essential CYP thiolate ligand, featuring the more common histidine-ligation instead. During a study of bacterial operons containing H4F-binding modules, the genes encoding for SAMO were discovered. It was found that four genes αβγδ encode for the heterotetrameric SAMO. While sequence similarities indicate α encodes for an H4F- aminomethyltransferase module, and γ for an NADPH/FMN/2Fe2S reductase module, the function of β and δ genes was unclear. Spectral analysis of the Rhizobium etli CFN 42 δ-subunit reveals it to be the heme-binding domain (δRe), with the cofactor-free β- subunit responsible for enhanced DMA binding by the βδRe complex. DMA has the highest affinity for ferrous-oxy δRe, indicating close interaction between the dioxygen and DMA. Both δRe and βδRe have a positive redox potential supporting formation of a relatively stable dioxygen complex. Holoenzyme SAMO from Pseudomonas mendocina ymp (αβγδPm) demonstrates DMA dependent NADPH oxidation and formaldehyde production, but is inherently unstable. The crystal structure of SAMO heme domain from P. mendocina (δPm) reveals a heme-binding PAS domain. Capitalising on the 1.9 Å ternary complex structure with DMA and nitric oxide, a model of the SAMO catalytic mechanism was proposed. Conserved active site residues including Trp180 and Glu266 (involved in substrate binding), in addition to Arg224 were mutated, each rendering αβγδPm inactive. It is proposed that the positively charged amine substrate works in concert with conserved Arg224 residue to create a polarised active site, supporting heterolytic cleavage of the O-O bond. However, unlike other heme enzymes SAMO lacks a strong electronegative proximal ligand. In view of this, it is proposed SAMO catalyses an oxidase-type reaction, leading to a transient iminium species, in the absence of substrate oxygen insertion. To the best of current understanding, SAMO appears to be a novel type of PAS domain that performs an oxidase reaction with oxygen activation facilitated by the secondary amine substrate.
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Hassan, Enas. "Development of amine functional hydrogels for corneal regeneration." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8468/.

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The aim of this thesis was to develop a synthetic polymethacrylate based hydrogel capable of regenerating a corneal epithelium for the purposes of treating blindness caused by limbal stem cell deficiency. Deficiency of limbal epithelial cells (LECs) causes conjunctival epithelial cells to move over the cornea, resulting in painful scaring, vascularisation and corneal opacity. Unilateral defects can be treated using LEC cultured from the unaffected eye, transplanting them to the affected cornea after scar tissue is removed. The underlying wound bed is often damaged, however, hence the need to develop a corneal inlay to aid in corneal re-epithelialisation, while replacing damaged stromal tissue. Transparent epoxy-functional polymethacrylate networks were synthesised using a combination of glycerol monomethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, lauryl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate that produced different bulk hydrogel compositions or “Bases” with different equilibrium water contents (EWC) (Base 0, 1 and 2) and different quantities of epoxy functionality (Bases 1.B, 1.15, 1.20 and 1.30). Sets of amine-functional hydrogels were produced following reaction of the epoxide groups with excesses of ammonia, 1,2-diamino ethane, 1,3-diamino propane, 1,4-diamino butane or 1,6- diamino hexane. The gels were assessed for their capacity to support the growth and proliferation for both rabbit limbal fibroblasts (rLFs) and rabbit limbal epithelial cells (rLECs). Overall no series of hydrogels supported the proliferation of rLFs irrespective of amine functionalisation, however gels functionalised with longer alkyl amines supported the adhesion and proliferation of rLECs, particularly when functionalised with 1,4-diamino butane. With Base 1 hydrogels (less so with Bases 0 and 2) a vigorous epithelial outgrowth was seen from small limbal explants and a confluent epithelial layer was achieved in vitro within 6 days. The data in this thesis support the development of hydrogels capable of selectively regenerating corneal epithelium with minimal stromal cell contamination.
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Risser, Fanny. "Études d’un mécanisme enzymatique et d’interactions inter-protéiques au sein de voies complexes de biosynthèse de polycétides Characterization of Intersubunit Communication in the Virginiamycin trans-Acyl Transferase Polyketide Synthase Understanding Intersubunit Interactions in the Enacyloxin Mixed cis- /trans-acyltransferase Modular Polyketide Synthase Insights into a dual function amide oxidase/macrocyclase form lankacidin biosynthesis." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0296.

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Les polycétides sont des métabolites secondaires produits par divers organismes et présentant un large spectre d'activité thérapeutique. L'organisation modulaire des enzymes responsables de leur synthèse, les polycétides synthases (PKS), en font des cibles attrayantes pour la biologie synthétique visant l'obtention de nouvelles structures de polycétides. L’une des stratégies les plus prometteuses à ce jour consiste à échanger des sous-unités entières entre différents systèmes PKS. Cependant, le succès de cette stratégie dépend essentiellement de la compréhension et de l’utilisation des domaines de docking. Ces petits éléments structuraux, situés aux extrémités C- et N-terminales des sous-unités de PKS, sont responsables de leur bon appariement et donc du transfert correct de l’intermédiaire polycétidique. Pour approfondir nos connaissances sur les DD, nous avons étudié plusieurs interfaces entre sous-unités de PKS trans-AT et cis-AT. Ces travaux ont notamment conduit à l'identification de la première classe de DD chez les PKS trans-AT, et nous avons pu caractériser une interface complète, formée entre deux sous-unités consécutives au sein de la PKS virginiamycine. De plus, nous avons montré qu’au moins un des DD de paires appariées est souvent une région intrinsèquement désordonnée (IDR), ce mode de reconnaissance permet d’assurer une interaction spécifique couplée à une affinité moyenne. En effet, chez l’enacyloxine synthase, une PKS hybride cis-AT/trans-AT, les six interfaces de docking sont médiées par une IDR C-terminal. En outre, nous avons démontré que ce système présentait plusieurs classes structurales de DD, mais que des variations du code électrostatique au sein d’une classe individuelle pouvaient également être utilisées pour garantir la spécificité. Ensemble, ces résultats fournissent des indications importantes pour les futures tentatives d’utilisation des DD en ingénierie des sous-unités de PKS. Une autre stratégie innovante permettant d’obtenir de nouveaux dérivés polycétidiques, consiste à utiliser des enzymes post-PKS. Ces dernières modifient de manière extensive l’intermédiaire et lui confèrent bien souvent son activité biologique. Dans ce contexte, nous avons étudié LkcE, une enzyme bi-fonctionnelle qui catalyse une réaction rare d’oxydation d’amide, suivie d’une réaction de Mannich intramoléculaire. Nous avons résolu quatre structures cristallographiques de l’enzyme et ces données couplées aux études cinétiques, nous ont permis de proposer un mécanisme catalytique détaillé pour LkcE, impliquant un changement conformationnel à grande échelle de l'enzyme pour amener le substrat à une conformation de pré-cyclisation. De plus, nous avons démontré que LkcE possède une certaine tolérance vis-à-vis de la structure de son substrat, suggérant son utilité comme catalyseur général de cyclisation/ligation en biologie synthétique et synthèse chimique
Complex polyketides are secondary metabolites which are produced by a range of different organisms, and which present a broad spectrum of therapeutic activity. The modular organization of the enzymes responsible for their synthesis, the polyketide synthases (PKS), makes them attractive targets for synthetic biology aimed at obtaining new polyketide structures. One of the most promising strategies to date consists in swapping of whole sub-units between different PKS systems. However, the success of this strategy critically depends on understanding and exploiting ‘docking domains’  the protein sequences at the C- and N-terminal extremities of the subunits which are responsible for correctly ordering the polypeptides, and therefore for faithful chain transfer. To increase our knowledge of DDs, we investigated several interfaces in both trans-AT and cis-AT PKSs. This work led notably to the identification of the first family of DDs from trans-AT PKSs, and we were further able to characterize a complete interface formed between two consecutive subunits within the virginiamycin PKS. In addition, we showed that at least one DD of matched pairs is often an intrinsically disordered region (IDR), as this type of interaction motif allows for specific but medium affinity contacts. Indeed, in the enacyloxin hybrid cis-AT/trans-AT PKS which we also investigated extensively, docking at every interface is mediated by a C-terminal IDR. In addition, we demonstrated that multiple structural classes of DD are present within the system, but that variations of the electrostatic ‘code’ within an individual structural class can also be used to ensure specificity. Taken together, these results provide important guidelines for future attempts to deploy DDs in subunit engineering. Another attractive target for synthetic biology are the so-called ‘post-PKS’ enzymes, which chemically decorate the initially-formed structure, and are often essential for their bioactivity. In this context, we studied LkcE, a bi-functional enzyme that catalyzes a rare amide oxidation followed by an intramolecular Mannich reaction to yield the lankacidin macrocycle – both to understand its unusual mechanism and to evaluate its suitability as a general polyketide modifying enzyme. We solved four crystal structures of the enzyme, and characterized it kinetically. Together, our data allowed us to propose a detailed catalytic mechanism for LkcE, involving a large-scale conformational change of the enzyme to bring the substrate into a cyclisation-ready state. Moreover, we showed that LkcE displays a certain tolerance toward its substrate structures, suggesting its usefulness as a general catalyst for cyclisation/ligation reaction in synthetic biology and chemical synthesis
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Voss, Rebecca. "Mesoporous organosilica materials with amine functions surface characteristics and chirality /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975976362.

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Книги з теми "Amide function"

1

Bruno, Mondovì, ed. Structure and functions of amine oxidases. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1985.

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2

Tipton, K. F., M. B. H. Youdim, C. J. Barwell, B. A. Callingham, and G. A. Lyles, eds. Amine Oxidases: Function and Dysfunction. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9324-2.

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3

OHOLO Conference (40th 1996 Zikhron Ya'akov, Israel). New frontiers in stress research: Modulation of brain function. Australia: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1998.

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4

F, Tipton Keith, ed. Amine oxidases: Function and dysfunction : proceedings of the 5th International Amine Oxidase Workshop, Galway, Ireland, August 22-25, 1992. Wien: Springer-Verlag, 1994.

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5

Pathways to sustainable development amid "6f" crisis: A critical analysis of the fiscal, food, fuel, frontiers, fragility of climate and functional democracy crises. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2015.

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6

Hentschel, Erwin. Occurence and function of biogenic amines (5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and octopamine) in invertebrates: Bibliography = Vorkommen und Funktion biogener Amine (5-hydroxytryptamin, Dopamin, Noradrenalin, Adrenalin und Octopamin) bei wirbellosen Tieren : Bibliographie. Jena: Universitätsbibliothek, 1986.

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7

Hentschel, Erwin. Occurrence and function of biogenic amines (5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and octopamine) in invertebrates: Bibliography = Vorkommen und Funktion biogener Amine (5-hydroxytryptamin, Dopamin, Noradrenalin, Adrenalin und Octopamin) bei wirbellosen Tieren : Bibliographie. Jena: Universitätsbibliothek, 1986.

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8

Parker, Philip M. The 2007 Import and Export Market for Carboxyamide-Function Compounds and Amide-Function Compounds of Carbonic Acid Excluding Urea in China. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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9

Parker, Philip M. The 2007 Import and Export Market for Carboxyamide-Function Compounds and Amide-Function Compounds of Carbonic Acid Excluding Urea in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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10

Parker, Philip M. The World Market for Carboxyamide-Function Compounds and Amide-Function Compounds of Carbonic Acid Excluding Urea: A 2007 Global Trade Perspective. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Частини книг з теми "Amide function"

1

Vögtle, F., M. Händel, T. Schmidt, R. Jäger, and A. Archut. "Amide-Based Catenanes and Rotaxanes by Non-Ionic Template Synthesis." In Magnetism: A Supramolecular Function, 9–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8707-5_2.

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2

Elzes, M. Rachèl, Guoying Si, Johan F. J. Engbersen, and Jos M. J. Paulusse. "Thiourea-Functional Bioreducible Poly(amido amine)s in Gene Delivery." In ACS Symposium Series, 93–117. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1309.ch005.

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3

Li, Ting, Christopher Copeland, and Anne Le. "Glutamine Metabolism in Cancer." In The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism, 17–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_2.

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AbstractMetabolism is a fundamental process for all cellular functions. For decades, there has been growing evidence of a relationship between metabolism and malignant cell proliferation. Unlike normal differentiated cells, cancer cells have reprogrammed metabolism in order to fulfill their energy requirements. These cells display crucial modifications in many metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and glutaminolysis, which include the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the electron transport chain (ETC), and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) [1]. Since the discovery of the Warburg effect, it has been shown that the metabolism of cancer cells plays a critical role in cancer survival and growth. More recent research suggests that the involvement of glutamine in cancer metabolism is more significant than previously thought. Glutamine, a nonessential amino acid with both amine and amide functional groups, is the most abundant amino acid circulating in the bloodstream [2]. This chapter discusses the characteristic features of glutamine metabolism in cancers and the therapeutic options to target glutamine metabolism for cancer treatment.
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Pinschmidt, R. K., W. F. Burgoyne, D. D. Dixon, and J. E. Goldstein. "Amide-Blocked Aldehyde-Functional Monomers." In ACS Symposium Series, 453–66. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1988-0367.ch031.

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5

Pinschmidt, R. K., G. E. Davidowich, W. F. Burgoyne, D. D. Dixon, and J. E. Goldstein. "Amide-Blocked Aldehyde-Functional Monomers." In ACS Symposium Series, 467–78. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1988-0367.ch032.

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Weyler, W. "Functional expression of C-terminally truncated human monoamine oxidase type A in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." In Amine Oxidases: Function and Dysfunction, 3–15. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9324-2_1.

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Benedetti, M. Strolin, J. Thomassin, P. Tocchetti, P. Dostert, R. Kettler, and M. Prada. "Species differences in changes of heart monoamine oxidase activities with age." In Amine Oxidases: Function and Dysfunction, 83–87. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9324-2_10.

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Saura, D. J., J. G. Richards, and N. Mahy. "Age-related changes on MAO in B1/C57 mouse tissues: a quantitative radioautographic study." In Amine Oxidases: Function and Dysfunction, 89–94. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9324-2_11.

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Fogel, W. A., and C. Maslinski. "The FAD dependent amine oxidases in relation to developmental state of enterocyte." In Amine Oxidases: Function and Dysfunction, 95–99. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9324-2_12.

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Fernandes, M. H., and P. Soares-da-Silva. "Role of monoamine oxidase and cathecol-O-methyltransferase in the metabolism of renal dopamine." In Amine Oxidases: Function and Dysfunction, 101–5. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9324-2_13.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Amide function"

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Liu, Wei-Ling, Kun-Li Wen, Ya-Ting Lee, and Huo-Cheng Chen. "Apply rough set theory in the function group analysis for phenolic amide compounds." In 2010 3rd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2010.5639342.

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Dyer, R. Brian, and Timothy P. Causgrove. "Ultrafast Protein Relaxation: Time-Resolved Infrared Studies of Protein Dynamics Triggered by CO Photodissociation from CO Myoglobin." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1994.tub.4.

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A critical feature of the biological function of heme proteins is the direct coupling of protein motion to the process of binding exogenous ligands to the heme. In carbonmonoxymyoglobin (MbCO), a substantial, specific conformational relaxation is associated with the transition from the ligated to the unligated form of the protein. The analogous tertiary structural changes of the monomer heme subunits of hemoglobin ultimately lead to the R→T quaternary structural transition, the allosteric control mechanism of O2 binding efficiency [1]. We have studied these processes on the earliest timescales, using picosecond, time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy. It has long been known that infrared spectra in the amide region are sensitive to protein secondary conformation [2]. Recent advances in equipment and techniques have permitted researchers to quantitatively predict secondary structures from infrared spectra [3,4], particularly in the amide I region [4]. Therefore, it is now possible to study protein motion in time-resolved experiments on dynamics and function. The ligation reactions of small molecules such as CO with the heme site of Mb exemplify the mechanisms available to O2. CO is an ideal candidate for initial time-resolved IR experiments in the amide I region because it is easily photolyzed, little geminate recombination [5], and the structure of both MbCO and unligated Mb have been studied by crystallographic methods [6]. TRIR has already been applied to the stretching vibrations of the bound and free CO ligand [7,8]; dynamics of the protein, however, have yet to be probed by TRIR spectroscopy of the protein vibrations. Here we report results on the motions of the protein in response to ligation reactions, probed in the amide I region centered about 1650 cm-1.
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Barmatov, Evgeny, and Dimitri Khramov. "Research on the Chemistry of Emulsifiers for Nonaqueous Drilling Fluids." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213873-ms.

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Abstract High-performance nonaqueous fluids (HP NAF) are complex engineering systems. The emulsifier is the backbone of any NAF; therefore, highest return on investment is likely to come from the development of emulsifier chemistry. The objective of the present research is to improve the knowledge of different reactions that occur during synthesis of an emulsifier and investigate how the different products of the synthesis impact emulsifier performance in a NAF. Creating a new emulsifier is a one-step process of C18 amine condensation and various cyclic anhydrides. Reaction time and temperature was varied in this work to generate different reaction products, and analytical techniques, such as 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gel permeation chromatography were used to investigate the mechanism of the chemical reaction and for reaction process optimization. The reaction is a simple formation of a monoamide between the amine and the cyclic anhydride; however, secondary reactions are possible that decrease the emulsifier performance. The monoamide that forms initially can be transformed into other species under elevated temperatures, which no longer function as emulsifiers. This paper presents the performance of a new emulsifier in a HP NAF and provides a systematic insight into various chemical transformations that are possible when attempting to use this amide-formation reaction to create an emulsifier. Development of structure-activity relationships for chemical components of emulsifiers and a systematic knowledge of invert emulsion performance will improve the comprehension of emulsifier performance in an HP NAF. This knowledge can be applied to improve emulsion stability and rheology of a drilling fluid.
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Ohno, Nobuyoshi, Sobahan Mia, Kazuo Masuhara, Kentaro Sonoda, Yuji Yamashita, Yoshitaka Tamura, Shigeki Morita, and Yuji Shitara. "Tribological Properties and Applicability of Thermo-Reversible Gel-Lubricants." In ASME/STLE 2009 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2009-15049.

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The tribological properties of a new unique thermo-reversible Gel-Lubricant (TR Gel-Lube) were investigated. TR Gel-Lube which includes 10–40% of amide type gel agent in base fluid, is repeatedly able to change from gel-state to liquid-state at the melting point of its gel agent. High-pressure rheological tests were performed in order to characterize the behavior of base oil and TR Gel-Lube as a function of pressure and temperature. The effect of TR Gel-Lube on ball bearings fatigue life was carried out by systematic tests using thrust ball bearings. The results of L10 life tests of TR Gel-Lube showed a longer life than the conventional greases. This result was investigated from oil film formation. It was found that gel agent played a key role in the lubricating properties. Some mechanisms such as adsorbed film formation and solid like formation are proposed.
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Khosravi, Zohreh, Alena Hinze, and Claus-Peter Klages. "In-situ FTIR-ATR spectroscopic investigations of atmospheric-pressure plasma modification of polyolefin thin films." In 13th International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering September 10 - 14, 2012, in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/wcc2.239-242.

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Surface treatment of polyolefines by atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) in virtually oxygen-free nitrogen-containing gases was studied in situ byFourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode (FTIR-ATR)in order to follow the plasma-chemical generation of chemical functional groups and their further temporal development in the presence of inert or reactive atmospheres.Polyolefin thin films of thicknesses between 50 and 200 nm were prepared directly on ZnS ATR crystals by spin-coating from hot solutions of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), or polypropylene (PP) in hydrocarbons solvents like xylene or decalin. After the exposure to the afterglows of DBDs in N2 or in mixtures of N2 with H2 or NH3, infrared spectra were taken in situ under inert conditions and after controlled exposure to various reagents, resp., such as water vapor or oxygen. In order to unravel the complex spectra which are generally due to several functional groups with overlapping vibrational bands, exchange reactions with vapor of heavy water (D2O) was applied in order to identify groups which are known to exhibit a rapid H/D exchange like >N=H (imine), -NH2(prim. amine), >NH (sec. amine), -CO-NRH(prim. or sec. amide), using characteristic ratios of wavenumber ratios for corresponding vibrational bands in the deuterated and the protonated moiety.In addition, reactions of the plasma-treated surface with vapors of4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzaldehyde (TFBA) or4-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl isothiocyanate (TPI) were studied by FTIR-ATR in situ. Based on these experiments, tentative assignments of the observed vibration bands to imino, amino, and amido groups are made and interpreted in terms of feasible or probable chemical mechanisms.
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Knupp, C. L. "STUDIES OF A HIGH AFFINITY, STABLE PLATELET-THROMBIN COMPLEX FORMED DURING PLATELET ACTIVATION. A POSSIBLE MECHANISM FOR TRANSMEMBRANE SIGNAL GENERATION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644472.

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The precise mechanism of signal transmission from the platelet surface to the interior required for thrombin-induced platelet activation is not known. A stable complex between Iodo-[125l]-thrombin and platelets has been noted previously on SDS polyacrylamide gels. This 77,000 dalton complex was thought to represent the high affinity binding found in binding studies. The complex is inhibited by excess native thrombin but not by excess active site-modified thrombin. Thus, it displays the characteristics of the crucial thrombin-platelet interaction needed for platelet activation. My studies using similar methods for analysis were performed to determine if this interaction might have a role in signal generation for thrombin-induced platelet activation. Thrombin concentration studies with 3 minute incubations demonstrated that formation of the complex occurred only at thrombin doses which result in platelet activation (above 0.1 U/ml). The amount of the complex increased as the thrombin dose increased. Time course studies with thrombin 1 U/ml revealed that the reaction was rapid and was present on platelets after only 5 seconds of incubation. The complex was noted in supernatants but not until 30 seconds. This interaction was not present on platelets chilled to 4°C and was markedly diminished on platelets exposed to the metabolic inhibitors, antimycin A and 2-deoxyglu-cose. The specific thrombin inhibitors, hirudin and dansylargin-ine N-(3-ethyl-l,5-pentanediyl) amide, prevented the complex formation. Addition of either inhibitor after formation of the complex reversed its formation up to 1 minute after the addition of thrombin but not beyond this time. Treatment with trypsin but not chymotrypsin removed this complex from the platelet. It is concluded that this reaction is not simply a binding event as it requires functional platelets and is only formed at thrombin doses which activate platelets. It is an early, specific, surface reaction which requires thrombin binding and active-site domains for its formation. Formation of this complex is consistent with observation of "receptor processing" noted with specific thrombin binding. Therefore, this reaction could have an important function in the signal processing mechanism for thrombin-induced platelet activation.
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Wang, Jing, Zhen He, Jin-Ho Oh, and Sung-Hyun Park. "Multi-Response Robust Optimization Using Desirability Function." In 2008 IEEE Symposium on Advanced Management of Information for Globalized Enterprises, AMIGE. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/amige.2008.ecp.74.

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Barham, Joshua Philip, Yasuo Norikane, Hiromichi Egami, and Yoshitaka Hamashima. "High Efficiency Microwave Flow Chemistry Towards Synthesis of Functional Materials and Pharmaceutical Cores." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9860.

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Microwave (MW) heating benefits organic synthesis by affording higher product yields in shorter time periods than conventional heating, yet it suffers from poor scalability and is limited to polar solvents in typical batch mode reactors. Herein, we report a microwave flow reactor using a solid-state semiconductor MW generator. The tunable, single-mode MW heating allows high efficiency, scalable organic synthesis, rapid reaction optimization and is applicable to non-polar solvents (o-Xylene and CPME can be rapidly heated to ca. 260 oC). Auto-frequency tuning compensates for changes in the microwave absorption properties (permittivity, epsilon) with increasing temperature, affording excellent temperature and process control. This technology unlocked unprecedented g/h productivity of C60/fullerene-indene monoadduct (IC60MA) and facilitated a novel, transition metal-free amide-styrene coupling reaction for synthesis of amide-containing pharmaceutical cores in up to 65 g/h (Figure 1). An ortho-Claisen rearrangement reaction was rapidly optimised.
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9

Zaid, Mohd Hazani Mat, and Jaafar Abdullah. "Preparation and characterization of amine functionalized graphene oxide with water soluble quantum dots for sensing material." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS IN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS” (FAIA2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4999868.

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Khramov, Dimitri, Balakrishnan Panamarathupalayam, and Evgeny Barmatov. "Demystifying Amine Inhibitor Chemistry." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213797-ms.

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Abstract Amine shale inhibitors are an integral part of high-performance water based mud (HP WBM). There are many commercially available amines with similar claims regarding performance as shale inhibitors. Most performance comparisons are made relative to KCl-polymer muds, making the shale inhibitor differences very apparent. Unfortunately, a comparison between several good-performing inhibitors is rarely performed and reported. There are few systematic comparisons of amine shale inhibitors with each other based on their structure and conditions under which testing is performed. The relationship between amine structure and performance as an inhibitor is not well understood. This paper presents design of an experimental methodology to compare the effectiveness of 30+ amines as shale inhibitors under a broad range of testing conditions. Shale hydration, dispersion, and bulk hardness were measured after exposure to drilling fluids to determine which test parameter can most efficiently distinguish amines. Additionally, the adsorption or desorption of amines from a clay were measured to determine which amine is the strongest absorber. Statistical data treatment was applied to separate signal from the noise of measurements. The results of this investigation verified that amine inhibitors do not affect shale moisture content and shale dispersion is primarily affected by fluid viscosity. Furthermore, a bulk hardness test that measures cuttings hardness is a good differentiator of amine inhibitors. Supplementary functioning for amine inhibitors was confirmed with adsorption or desorption test that showed good correlation with a bulk hardness test. In summary, these measurements established a structure-activity relationship between the amines tested and determined that an effective shale inhibitor should contain more than 1 nitrogen atom/molecule. Additionally, linear structure is preferred over branched structure, and supplementary hydrophobic amines function better than hydrophilic amines provided the amine remains water soluble. Amines were further differentiated by their acid-base dissociation constant (pKa). The reason some amines perform in broader pH range than others is also presented. For the first time, a statistically validated study has been conducted to assess the results of different tests and to compare the effectiveness of different shale inhibitors. The results of these comparisons provided a way to understand the shale inhibition mechanism and develop better practices focused on developing next-generation aqueous fluid systems.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Amide function"

1

Seccareccia, Mario, and Guillermo Matamoros. Is “Inflation First” Really “Rentiers First”? The Taylor Rule and Rentier Income in Industrialized Countries. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp209.

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The Taylor rule has returned as a significant policy guide amid increasingly overt political pressures for its official (and not just its implicit) adoption at the US Fed as inflation fears have come to dominate monetary policy actions both in the US and internationally in recent times. Our paper analyzes the effect of monetary policy on the functional distribution of income by reconstructing how the post-1970s “inflation first” policy commitments of central banks came to be crystallized in the Taylor rule. While there are differences among the various specifications of this “rule”, the Taylor relation is merely an offshoot of what can be described generically as the family of Wicksellian reaction functions whose implications support rentier income over time. Because of the internal logic of the Taylor rule, this has led to different interpretations such as, for example, the more Keynesian Yellen rule, which depart from the strict sense of the Taylor rule. The paper also interprets the Taylor Rule in light of Wicksell’s formulation and analyzes the potential consequence of the differences. In contrast to the strict Wicksell rule of “proportional” adjustment, our econometric findings suggest evidence that central banks adjust “over-proportionally” the benchmark money interest rate in the presence of changes in the inflation rate for the complete “inflation first” era since the 1970s until the COVID-19 crisis. They thereby strongly favored rentier incomes in their reaction functions, with the possible exception of the post-financial crisis period. To limit the pro-rentier consequences of such inflation-targeting regimes, it is important that policymakers mandate multiple objectives for central banks, as exemplified in the current US Fed’s dual mandate.
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