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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Altitude, Influence of"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 серпня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Altitude, Influence of"

de Aquino Lemos, Valdir, Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli dos Santos, Fabio Santos Lira, Bruno Rodrigues, Sergio Tufik, and Marco Tulio de Mello. "Can High Altitude Influence Cytokines and Sleep?" Mediators of Inflammation 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/279365.

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The number of persons who relocate to regions of high altitude for work, pleasure, sport, or residence increases every year. It is known that the reduced supply of oxygen (O2) induced by acute or chronic increases in altitude stimulates the body to adapt to new metabolic challenges imposed by hypoxia. Sleep can suffer partial fragmentation because of the exposure to high altitudes, and these changes have been described as one of the responsible factors for the many consequences at high altitudes. We conducted a review of the literature during the period from 1987 to 2012. This work explored the relationships among inflammation, hypoxia and sleep in the period of adaptation and examined a novel mechanism that might explain the harmful effects of altitude on sleep, involving increased Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production from several tissues and cells, such as leukocytes and cells from skeletal muscle and brain.

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Shangpliang, P. Wankitlang, Rupa Nylla K. Hooroo, Graham Bakynson Ranee, Sudhanya Ray Hajong, Annu Kumari, and Eugene Lyngkhoi. "Exploring Altitude's Influence: Contrasting Embryonic Development of Hyla annectans Jerdon in High and Low Altitude Environments." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 7 (March 21, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i73967.

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The study investigated the embryonic development of Hyla annectans Jerdon, a frog species, at high and low altitude breeding sites of Meghalaya, North East India. Results revealed significant differences in the duration of embryonic development and hatching between the two altitudes. Embryos at low altitude sites exhibited a faster development, hatching approximately four days earlier than those at high altitude sites. Early embryonic stages displayed similar characteristics in size between the two sites, but distinct differences emerged during later stages, notably in stages associated with heart development, muscular response, and gill circulation. Furthermore, metamorphosis completion varied between altitudes, with a shorter duration observed at low altitude compared to high altitude. Environmental conditions, particularly water properties, also differed significantly between the two sites. Water temperature and free carbon dioxide levels were higher at low altitude, while pH and dissolved oxygen levels were higher at high altitude. These findings suggest a potential influence of altitudinal gradients as environmental factors on embryonic development in H. annectans.

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Tang, Yan Fei, Chao Ding, Ya Ping He, De Chuang Zhou, and Jian Wang. "Studies on the Effect of Altitude on the Flammable Liquids' Flash Point." Advanced Materials Research 908 (March 2014): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.908.345.

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Presented in this paper is part of an experimental series conducted at different altitudes to investigate the influence of altitude on the flammable liquids flash point. The BS-1 closed bomb apparatus is used to measure the flash points of two flammable liquids (dimethylacetylamide (DMA) and RP-5 Jet A) in a hypobaric chamber under the altitude change from 4860 km to the sea level. The experimental results show that the flash points of DMA and Jet A decrease linearly with the increase in altitude in the low altitude region below the corresponding critical altitudes but non-linearly above. The critical altitudes for DMA and RP-5 Jet A are found to be 3 km and 3.83 km respectively. When the altitude reaches or surpasses the critical altitude, the flash point decreases rapidly. In particular, the flash point of the DMA exhibits a peculiar sudden transition above the critical altitude.

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PUTRA, HIRMAS FUADY, DHENOK SEKAR AMBARWATI, NURRIZKI MUBYRASIH, and TERSI ALESTI. "Karakteristik Fisiologis Lumut pada Beberapa Ketinggian di Kawasan Gunung Tangkuban Perahu." Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati 1, no. 2 (May 4, 2016): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jsdh.1.2.60-63.

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Environmental factors greatly influence the physiological state of moss. Some of the environmental factors that influence the physiological of moss are air temperature, humidity, and light intensity. These three environmental factors will vary at each altitude. This study aims to determine the physiological characteristics of mosses on some altitudes in the area of Mount Tangkuban Perahu (Ratu Crater – Domas Crater track). The method that are used is to measure air temperature, humidity, and light intensity at some altitudes. Subsequently, samples were taken at each altitude, to measured chlorophyll and proline content. Mosses that are used as samples; Campylopus sp., Plagiochila sp., Dicranella sp. The results indicate that the chlorophyll content significantly different at some altitude, with an increasing trend as the decrease altitude. The highest chlorophyll content in Campylopus sp. at altitude of 1,621 meters above sea level, while the lowest chlorophyll content in Plagiochila sp. at altitude of 1,721 meters above sea level. The content of proline did not differ significantly at some altitude, and tend to be more affected by air conditions that correlate with distance of moss habitat with the active crater of Domas, which allegedly can cause physiological stress in the moss.

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Xie, Gongliang, Sen Liu, Ting Chang, and Ninghua Zhu. "Forest Adaptation to Climate Change: Altitudinal Response and Wood Variation in Natural-Growth Cunninghamia lanceolata in the Context of Climate Change." Forests 15, no. 3 (February 21, 2024): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15030411.

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This research delves into the impact of climate change on the wood traits of Cunninghamia lanceolata across various altitudinal gradients, aiming to understand the influence of altitude and climatic factors like temperature and precipitation on key wood characteristics. Employing a comprehensive approach, samples were collected from different altitudes for detailed phenotypic analysis. Methods included Pearson correlation, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and random forest analysis. Results revealed significant variations in wood traits such as heartwood ratio, tracheid length, and width across altitudes. Notably, wood traits in lower- and middle-elevation populations exhibited higher variability compared to higher elevations, indicating greater environmental diversity and genetic adaptability at these altitudes. Climatic factors, particularly temperature and precipitation, were found to increasingly influence wood trait variation with altitude. The research concludes that the adaptation of Cunninghamia lanceolata to climate change is significantly influenced by both altitudinal and climatic factors, highlighting their importance in forest genetic breeding and conservation strategies amidst global climate change.

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Bordjan, Dejan, and Davorin Tome. "Nest survival of Great Tit Parus major in spatial and temporal gradient." Acta Biologica Slovenica 56, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/abs.56.1.15549.

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The aim of the study was to compare nest survival of Great Tit between different regions, altitudes and years to discern which has the highest influence. Temperature is known to be prominent for breeding parameters and it changes consistently with altitude. Our hypothesis was that altitude has greater influence on nest survival than the region and year. Breeding parameters were monitored with the use of nestboxes over a three year period at three altitude belts in two regions. The main factor influencing nesting success was modelled using daily survival rate in the program MARK. We gathered data from 104 first nesting attempts of which 26 failed. Although nest failure increased with altitude this was significant only for one region. There was significant difference in nest failure between the regions but not between the years. Modelling showed higher support in data for regions than for altitudes and years thus rejecting the hypothesis. Some possible reasons for such results are discussed.

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Spring, Allison M., Kenneth D. Domingue, Thomas V. Kerber, Margaret M. Mooney, Rebecca L. Hale, Kristina M. Lemmer, and Kathryn M. Docherty. "Land Use Effects on Airborne Bacterial Communities Are Evident in Both Near-Surface and Higher-Altitude Air." Diversity 13, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13020085.

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Land use influences the composition of near-surface airborne bacterial communities, and bacteria can be transported through the atmosphere at global scales. The atmosphere mixes vertically, but rigorously assessing whether the effects of land use on atmospheric communities extends to higher altitudes requires examining communities from multiple altitudes collected at a stable location and timeframe. In this study, we collected near-surface (<2 m) and higher-altitude (150 m) air samples from three sites in an agricultural/developed location and a forested/undeveloped location. We used bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to compare communities and predict functionality by altitude. Higher-altitude and near-surface communities did not differ in composition within each location. Communities collected above the undeveloped location were equally variable at both altitudes; higher-altitude samples from the developed location predominantly contained Firmicutes and were less variable than near-surface samples. We also compared airborne taxa to those present in soil and snow. Communities from higher-altitude samples above the developed location contained fewer overlapping taxa with soil and snow sources, and overlapping Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) among the three sources differed by location. Our results suggest that land use affects the composition of both near-surface and higher-altitude airborne bacterial communities and, therefore, may influence broad bacterial dispersal patterns. This small-scale pilot study provides a framework for simultaneously examining local and regional airborne microbial communities that can be applied to larger studies or studies using different types of samplers.

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Zakraoui, Mariem, Hédia Hannachi, Igor Pasković, Nikolina Vidović, Marija Polić Pasković, Igor Palčić, Nikola Major, Smiljana Goreta Ban, and Lamia Hamrouni. "Effect of Geographical Location on the Phenolic and Mineral Composition of Chetoui Olive Leaves." Foods 12, no. 13 (June 30, 2023): 2565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12132565.

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In this study, we investigated the influence of pedological parameters and variation of altitude on the mineral nutrients, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities of olive leaves. Samples of the Chetoui cultivar were collected from eight geographical locations with different altitudes. Levels of phenolic compounds varied according to the altitude. Classification of the locations revealed that altitude 1 (>500 m) was characterized by high levels of secoiridoids and simple phenols, while altitude 2 (500–300 m) and altitude 3 (<300 m) were higher in flavonoids. Levels of Mn, Ca and B in the leaves and level of Zn in the soil were significantly correlated with the abundance of oleuropein and luteolin-7-O glucoside, the most important phenols in Chetoui olive leaves. The results suggest that, in addition to pedological criteria, environmental conditions also influence the formation of phenolic compounds.

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Rohima, Ira Endah, Mohamad Djali, Yana Cahyana, Jajang Sauman Hamdani, and Mohd Nizam Lani. "Effect of Cultivation at Different Altitudes on the Chemical, Functional and Pasting Properties of Starch Medians Cultivar Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND STATISTICAL SCIENCES 20, no. 01 (June 2024): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.59467/ijass.2024.20.33.

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The cultivation elevation of potatoes plays a crucial role that influences starch quality. Little is known on the impact of varying altitudes on starch quality. Therefore, this new study analyzed the starch attributes of the Median?s potato variety (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivated at three distinct altitudinal zones: lowlands, midlands, and highlands. The objective was to elucidate the impact of these varying altitudes on the chemical composition, functional qualities and pasting behavior of starch derived from the Median?s cultivar. Utilizing a randomized block design with quadruplicate trials, the data was subjected to one-way ANOVA and Duncan?s Multiple Range Test, at a 5% significance threshold. The results show that highland and midland plantings yielded a higher starch production. The cultivation altitude had a significant influence (p < 0.05) on several chemical parameters of the starch, including its moisture, protein, lipid content, total starch, amylose, ash and phosphorus contents. The functional properties, such as swelling volume, solubility, water and oil absorption capacities, syneresis, gel strength, and colors (a*, b*, L* values) also exhibited significant variance with altitude. Furthermore, pasting qualities also were altered by the altitude of potatoes cultivation. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, granule morphology via microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) across starches from different altitudes, confirming the influence of environmental conditions on starch quality and its functional properties. These results provide valuable recommendations for customizing potato farming methods to enhance starch yield and their applications in various food production sectors.. KEYWORDS :Cultivation altitude, Cultivar, Farming methods, Functional properties, Starch quality.

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Lei, Tian, Jinliang Xu, Xingli Jia, Leyu Wei, and Lin Tian. "Impact of High-Altitude on Truck’s Climbing Speed: Case study in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Area in China." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (August 20, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8560204.

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Truck’s climbing performance is an important consideration in traffic safety, efficiency, and highway geometric design. With the infrastructure development in high-altitude area in China, more attention needs to be paid on truck’s climbing performance in such area. In this article, truck’s climbing speed in high-altitude area was examined through field tests on different grade sections at different altitudes. Truck’s speed-distance curves were built at different altitudes and the impact of altitude on truck’s climbing speed was explored based on the test results. It was shown that, within the altitude range of 3000~5000m, altitude had an obvious influence on test truck’s decelerating and accelerating performance. Truck’s speed decreased faster on steep grades and increased slower on gentle grades with the increase of the altitude. Also, the stable speed that test truck could maintain on a certain grade was lower at a higher altitude. In addition, test truck’s theoretical speed-distance curves at the sea level were estimated through truck’s dynamic model. Compared with the theoretical crawl speed, a negative effect of altitude change (from 0 to the altitude above 3000 m) was found on truck’s climbing performance.

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Дисертації з теми "Altitude, Influence of"

Croft, Quentin. "Human responses to simulated high altitude." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711614.

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Chambre, Muriel. "Altitude et coronaropathie : à propos de patients réadaptés en haute et moyenne altitude : étude ergonométrique et ventilatoire." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M138.

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Hinckson, Erica A. "Effect of simulated altitude exposure on sea level performance a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, July 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004.

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Wood, Matthew R. "Effects of altitude exposure combined with sea level training on sea level performance a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology for the degree of Master of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, September 2003." Full thesis. Abstract, 2003. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/WoodM.pdf.

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Mason, Nicholas. "Mechanisms of altitude-related cough." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209711.

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The original work presented in this thesis investigates some of the mechanisms that may be responsible for the aetiology of altitude-related cough. Particular attention is paid to its relationship to the long recognised, but poorly understood, changes in lung volumes that occur on ascent to altitude. The literature relevant to this thesis is reviewed in Chapter 1.

Widespread reports have long existed of a debilitating cough affecting visitors to high altitude that can incapacitate the sufferer and, on occasions, be severe enough to cause rib fractures (22, 34, 35). The prevalence of cough at altitude has been estimated to be between 22 and 42% at between 4200 and 4900 m in the Everest region of Nepal (10, 29). Traditionally the cough was attributed to the inspiration of the cold, dry air characteristic of the high altitude environment (37) but no attempts were made to confirm this aetiology. In the first formal study of cough at high altitude, nocturnal cough frequency was found to increase with increasing altitude during a trek to Everest Base Camp (5300 m) and massively so in 3 climbers on whom recordings were made up to 7000 m on Everest (8). After 9 days at 5300 m the citric acid cough threshold, a measure of the sensitivity of the cough reflex arc, was significantly reduced compared with both sea level and arrival at 5300 m.

During Operation Everest II, a simulated climb of Mount Everest in a hypobaric chamber, the majority of the subjects were troubled above 7000 m by pain and dryness in the throat and an irritating cough despite the chamber being maintained at a relative humidity of between 72 and 82% and a temperature of 23ºC (18). This argued against the widely held view that altitude-related cough was due to the inspiration of cold, dry air.

In the next major hypobaric chamber study, Operation Everest III, nocturnal cough frequency and citric acid cough threshold were measured on the 8 subjects in the study. The chamber temperature was maintained between 18 and 24ºC and relative humidity between 30 and 60% (24). This work is presented in Chapter 2 and, demonstrated an increase in nocturnal cough frequency with increasing altitude which immediately returned to control values on descent to sea level. Citric acid cough threshold was reduced at 8000 m compared to both sea level and 5000 m values. Changes in citric acid cough threshold at lower altitudes may not have been detected because of the constraints on subject numbers in the chamber. The study still however demonstrated an increase in clinical cough and a reduction in the citric acid cough threshold at extreme altitude, despite controlled environmental conditions, and thus refuted the long held belief that altitude-related cough is solely due to the inspiration of cold, dry air.

If altitude-related cough is not simply due to the inspiration of cold, dry air, other possible aetiologies are:

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Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Reig, Thierry. "Polyglobulie d'adaptation à l'altitude." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P015.

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Pulfrey, Simon M. "Energy expenditure and requirement while climbing at extreme altitude." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23288.

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Humans can only survive the low barometric pressure of altitudes above 6000m by making a complex series of adaptations. The energetics of human survival at such extreme altitudes have not been widely studied. Objectives were to compare the doubly labelled water (DLW) and intake-balance (IB) methods to estimate daily energy expenditure while climbing between 6000 and 8046m and to investigate the putative metabolic cost involved with the process of acclimatization to extreme altitude. Reliability of the DLW method to provide an accurate and portable means to measure human energy expenditure depends upon a series of assumptions regarding the flux of tracer and tracee across the physiological compartments of measurement. Additional objectives were to review and examine the proficiency of these assumptions to account for perturbations experienced while using DLW while climbing at extreme altitude. Findings suggest that the use of DLW at extreme altitudes requires special consideration towards elevated rates of fractional isotope loss, inter-subject isotope transfer, alterations in total body water, changes in background isotopic abundance, and choice of sampling technique. Revised strategies directed at achieving these aims are calculated. Results from extreme altitude indicate that IB and DLW techniques each provide similar estimates of group mean energy expenditure despite substantial changes in body weight and composition and that the metabolic cost for the process of acclimatization accounts for roughly 12% of total daily energy expenditure. Problems associated with maintaining energy balance while climbing at extreme altitude are related to low energy intakes, approximately only 70% of energy demands, and energy expenditure values that are comparable to those of highly trained endurance athletes at sea-level.

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Robach, Paul. "Exercice supramaximal répété en hypoxie." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05S034.

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Simmons, Grant H. 1981. "Cutaneous vasodilation at simulated high altitude: Impacts on human thermoregulation and vasoconstrictor function." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9495.

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xvii, 174 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
During acute altitude exposure, humans maintain higher skin temperature and lower core body temperature. However, the role of cutaneous vascular regulation in these thermoregulatory differences is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of these studies was to investigate the impact of altitude exposure on reflex control of skin blood flow and core temperature during cold exposure. In Chapter IV, the effects of hypoxia and hypocapnia on cutaneous vasoconstriction during mild cold exposure were investigated. We found that hypoxia stimulates cutaneous vasodilation in men whereas skin blood flow is unaltered in women. However, during whole body cooling skin blood flow is upward shifted in both sexes. The development of hypocapnia does not affect the vascular response to hypoxia in either sex, but reduces the magnitude of cutaneous vasoconstriction during cold exposure by 50% in women. In Chapter V, we studied the timecourse of α-adrenergic blockade by yohimbine in the cutaneous circulation and how the duration of cold exposure modulates cotransmitter-mediated vasoconstriction during cold stress. We found that yohimbine produces functional α-adrenergic blockade within 30 minutes of initial delivery and completely abolishes reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction during mild cold stress. This latter finding was surprising, and an additional protocol demonstrated that cotransmitter-mediated vasoconstriction only participates in the vascular response to cold stress when the exposure is more prolonged. In Chapter VI, the effects of hypoxia on cutaneous vasoconstrictor mechanisms and core cooling rate were tested during more prolonged and severe cold stress. In contrast to our findings during brief cold exposure, we showed that cutaneous vasoconstriction during prolonged cold stress is potentiated by hypoxia and abolishes hypoxic vasodilation. Moreover, increased cotransmitter-mediated vasoconstriction appears to account for this response. Hypoxia had no effect on core cooling rate during severe cold exposure. The selective potentiation of cotransmitter-mediated vasoconstriction observed during hypoxia in Chapter VI provided the basis for Chapter VII. This study was designed to test the effect of hypoxia on cutaneous vascular responsiveness to peripherally stimulated sympathetic vasoconstriction. The results demonstrated that α-adrenergic vasoconstrictor transduction is not affected by hypoxia, and that stimulation of adrenergic nerves with tyramine does not elicit cotransmitter-mediated vasoconstriction in skin.
Adviser: John R. Halliwill

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Martin, Régis. "Biodiversité génétique et structurelle chez Rana temporaria L. (Amphibia : Anura) : approche intégrative le long d'un gradient altitudinal." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMS001.

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Depuis le sommet de Rio 1992, conserver la biodiversité c'est intégrer la diversité biologique depuis le niveau du gène jusqu'à celui des écosystèmes. Si cette définition est largement répandue, elle est mal utilisée en conservation. Ainsi, la définition des unités de gestion (MUs) est à l'heure actuelle, essentiellement basé sur la diversité génétique moléculaire. Or, de nombreux exemples montrent que cette pratique est largement insuffisante. L'objet de ce travail est de caractériser à l'échelle locale la biodiversité intra-spécifique chez la grenouille rousse, Rana temporaria, les amphibiens représentant les vertébrés actuellement les plus menacés au monde. Nous avons comparé trois populations distribuées le long d'un gradient écologique fortement structurant, le gradient altitudinal (326m à 2450m). Sur le plan éco-éthnologique, avec l'augmentation de l'altitude, si la mobilité reste constante, les habitats d'hibernation et d'estivation diffèrent. Le site de reproduction, la forêt et les ruisseaux sont les habitats préférés. Cependant les animaux peuvent compenser la perte de l'habitat sylvicole. Sur le plan de la structuration spatiale et de la diversité génétique des populations, si en plaine : dans un paysage anthropisé, on observe par simulation sous SIG, une fragmentation des populations, elle n'est que faiblement révélée par l'étude du polymorphisme de marqueurs microsatellites. Paradoxalement, dans un paysage naturel montagnard, on observe un isolement génétique des populations par la distance. Sur le plan des stratégies de vies, une étude approfondie des traits d'histoire de vie montre l'existence d'une reproduction de type "explosive" en plaine et " long breeders" en montagne. La maturation sexuelle est déterminée génétiquement et la grenouille rousse développe des adaptations locales pour la vitesse de développement larvaire
Since Earth Conference (Rio 1992), to preserve biodiversity, it's necessary to work from gene levels to ecosystem one. Unfortunately, although a widespread knowledge, this definition was misused. At intra-specific level, Management Units of conservation (MUs) were usually only based on genetic diversity. Many examples have shown it's limitation. The aims of this work was to describe Rana temporaria intra-specific diversity along an altitudinal in northern Alps, because amphibians are the most endangered vertebrates over the world. Ln behavioural ecology, radiotracking study did not pointed out variation in mobility but in habitat preferences, especially to aestivate and to over winter. Forests were highly used but animaIs tan compensate its absence. At lowland in anthropogenic landscape, connectedness GIS simulation exhibited population fragmentation, unravelled by microsatellite analysis. On the opposite, in natural highland landscape, populations were isolated by distance. Ln life histories diversity, a detailed analysis of life-history traits pointed out at lowland an "explosive" reproductive strategy whereas at highland, a "long breeders" one. Sexual maturation was genetically based and common frog exhibit local adaptations in larval developmental rate

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Книги з теми "Altitude, Influence of"

Alt, Alfons. Altitude. Marseille, France: Images en manoeuvre, 2007.

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Richalet, Jean Paul. Pathologie et altitude. Paris: Masson, 1991.

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Angelis-Harmening, Kristina. "--Cada uno tiene en la puna su gente": Intercambio y verticalidad en el siglo XVI en los yungas de La Paz. Markt Schwaben, Germany: A. Saurwein, 2000.

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Pān̐ḍe, Rāmakumāra. Altitude geography: Effects of altitude on the geography of Nepal. Lalitpur: Center for Altitude Geography, 1987.

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S, Milledge James, and West John B. 1928-, eds. High altitude medicine and physiology. London: Chapman and Hall Medical, 1989.

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Bigio, Dora Lerner de. Biomedicina andina: Compendio bibliográfico. Lima, Perú: IFEA, 1994.

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Houston, Charles S. High altitude: Illness and wellness. Merrillville, Ind: ICS Books, 1993.

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Bouverot, Pierre. Adaptation to altitude-hypoxiain vertebrates. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1985.

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Pineda, David Frisancho. Tratado de medicina de la altura: Texto para profesionales y estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Puno: Universidad Nacional de Altiplano, Dirección Universitaria de Investigación, 1993.

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Частини книг з теми "Altitude, Influence of"

Hurtado, Alberto. "The Influence of High Altitude on Physiology." In Ciba Foundation Symposium - High Altitude Physiology: Cardiac and Respiratory Aspects, 3–13. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470715383.ch2.

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Kukoba, Nikolay, Yulia Ivanova, and Irina Botvich. "The Influence of Altitudinal Zonality on Spectral Characteristics (MODIS/Terra) Mountain Forests of Western Sayan." In Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems, 637–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12859-7_26.

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Ruivo, C. R., J. J. Costa, and A. R. Figueiredo. "Influence of Altitude on the Behavior of Solid Desiccant Dehumidification System." In Desiccant-Assisted Cooling, 85–107. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5565-2_4.

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Liu, BoWei, Yi Jiang, Yang Song, and ShaoZhen Yu. "Numerical Simulation on the Influence of Altitude on Jet Flow Field." In Advances in Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, 349–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31507-7_57.

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Li, Jin, Enshen Long, Hanyu Yang, Min Wang, and Ziyun Wang. "Study on Influence of Altitude on Indoor Temperature Distribution of a Heating Room." In Environmental Science and Engineering, 1305–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9520-8_134.

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Chen, Zhenling, Jianping Zhang, and Liwei Wang. "A Preliminary Field Study of Altitude Influence on the Vigilance of Air Traffic Controllers." In Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 485–91. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4882-6_67.

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Chen, Yongsheng, and Yongchang Luo. "The Influence of Transcranial Micro-electric Current Physiological Training on Cerebral Function Under Altitude Hypoxia." In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 329–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44067-4_40.

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Bolgar, Istvan, Sven Scharnowski, and Christian J. Kähler. "Effects of a Launcher’s External Flow on a Dual-Bell Nozzle Flow." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 115–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_7.

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Abstract Previous research on Dual-Bell nozzle flow always neglected the influence of the outer flow on the nozzle flow and its transition from sea level to altitude mode. Therefore, experimental measurements on a Dual-Bell nozzle with trans- and supersonic external flows about a launcher-like forebody were carried out in the Trisonic Wind Tunnel Munich with particle image velocimetry, static pressure measurements and the schlieren technique. A strongly correlated interaction exists between a transonic external flow with the nozzle flow in its sea level mode. At supersonic external flow conditions, a Prandtl–Meyer expansion about the nozzle’s lip decreases the pressure in the vicinity of the nozzle exit by about 55%. Therefore a new definition for the important design criterion of the nozzle pressure ratio was suggested, which considers this drastic pressure drop. Experiments during transitioning of the nozzle from sea level to altitude mode show that an interaction about the nozzle’s lip causes an inherently unstable nozzle state at supersonic free-stream conditions. This instability causes the nozzle to transition and retransition, or flip-flop, between its two modes. This instability can be eliminated by designing a Dual-Bell nozzle to transition during sub-/transonic external flow conditions.

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Ludescher, Sandra, and Herbert Olivier. "Film Cooling in Rocket Nozzles." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 65–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_4.

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Abstract In this project supersonic, tangential film cooling in the expansion part of a nozzle with rocket-engine like hot gas conditions was investigated. Therefore, a parametric study in a conical nozzle was conducted revealing the most important influencing parameter on film cooling for the presented setup. Additionally, a new axisymmetric film cooling model and a method for calculating the cooling efficiency from experimental data was developed. These models lead to a satisfying correlation of the data. Furthermore, film cooling in a dual-bell nozzle performing in altitude mode was investigated. The aim of these experiments was to show the influence of different contour inflection geometries on the film cooling efficiency in the bell extension.

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Meister, L., Y. Burtschell, and D. E. Zeitoun. "Numerical study of reactive flow in an over-expanded nozzle: influence of wall temperature and altitude." In Shock Waves, 1187–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27009-6_183.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Altitude, Influence of"

Morales, Mateo, Sergio D. Roa, Luis E. Muñoz, Diego A. Ferreira, and Omar D. Lopez Mejia. "Influence of Altitude on the Performance of a Bicycle-Cyclist Set." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67955.

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There is a tradeoff between power delivery and aerodynamic drag force when cyclists ride at different altitudes. The result is particular to the characteristics of the bicycle as well as the aerobic fitness of the cyclist. This work proposes a methodology based on an integrated approach to the study of the influence of altitude on power output and aerodynamic drag over a particular bicycle-cyclist set. The methodology consists of an independent analysis for each of the effects, to conclude with an integration of results that allows estimating the overall effect of altitude on cycling performance. A case study for the application of the methodology was developed, and the obtained results apply for the specific bicycle-cyclist set under analysis. First, the relationship between power and time was analyzed for a male recreational cyclist based on all-out effort tests at two different altitudes: 237 meters and 2652 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l). Second, the effects of environmental conditions on air density and drag area coefficient due to altitude changes were analyzed based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. It was found that for the bicycle-cyclist set under study, the sustainable power output for 1-hour cycling was reduced 45W for the high-altitude condition as a consequence of the reduction in the maximum oxygen uptake capacity. In addition, the aerodynamic drag force is reduced in greater proportion due to the change in air density than due to the change in drag coefficient. Finally, the results of both effects were integrated to analyze the overall influence of altitude on cycling performance. It was found that for the analyzed case study, the aerodynamic advantage at higher altitude dominates over the disadvantage of reduction in power output: despite delivering 45W less, the subject can travel an additional distance of 900 meters during a one hour ride for the high-altitude condition compared to that in low altitude.

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Bolanakis, Dimosthenis E., Konstantinos T. Kotsis, and Theodore Laopoulos. "Temperature influence on differential barometric altitude measurements." In 2015 IEEE 8th International Conference on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications (IDAACS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/idaacs.2015.7340711.

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Samfira, Ionel, Nicolae Marinel Horablaga, Costel Barliba, Christiana Istrate-Schiller, and Gheorgeh David. "DYNAMICS OF GRASSLANDS SOIL PRODUCTIVITY UNDER THE ALTITUDINAL INFLUENCE. CASE STUDY OF THE SUREANU MOUNTAINS AREA IN ROMANIA." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/3.1/s13.24.

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The study aimed to identify the influence of the altitudinal difference on the fertility characteristics of grasslands soils and implicitly on the production and quality of plant associations intended for grazing with animals. For that, the study material was represented by the soils of the grasslands in the region of the ?ureanu Mountains, part of the Southern Carpathians of Romania. From a geographical point of view, distinct formations were identified in the studied area with altitudes between 250 m and 1800/1850 m as high plains, high hills; subalpine and alpine areas. In the research, the area identified three types of predominate grassland soils: dystric leptosol (21%), albic stagnic luvisol (18%), and moderately eroded albic stagnated luvisol (17%). In general, all these soils from the permanent grasslands have as common characteristics: pseudo-gleysation, moderately to strongly acidic reaction, and moderate humus content, which causes low nutrition of the grassland species, especially those with high fodder value (grasses and legumes). As a result, it can be observed that depending on the altitude, the productive characteristics of the soil fertility indicators also evolve. Thus, at average altitudes of 300 m, the soil of the stagnated luvisol type dominates, towards 1000 m altitude, the dystric leptosol appears, and around the altitude of 1850 meters, the soil of the dystric cambisol overshadowed the gleyic type dominates.

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Myers, Thomas, David Klyde, Duane McRuer, and Charles Suchomel. "Influence of path-altitude lag in hypersonic flying qualities." In 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-555.

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Huang, Rong, Jimin Ni, Xiuyong Shi, Qiwei Wang, and Zhenxu Cheng. "Assessing and Characterizing the Effect of Altitude on Fuel Economy, Particle Number and Gaseous Emissions Performance of Gasoline Vehicles under Real Driving." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0381.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">High altitudes have a significant effect on the real driving emissions (RDE) of vehicles due to lower pressure and insufficient oxygen concentration. In addition, type approval tests for light-duty vehicles are usually conducted at altitudes below 1000 m. In order to investigate the influence of high altitude on vehicles fuel economy and emissions, RDE tests procedure had been introduced in the China VI emission regulations. In this study, the effect of altitude on fuel economy and real road emissions of three light-duty gasoline vehicles was investigated. The results indicated that for vehicles fuel economy, fuel consumption (L/100 km) for the tested vehicles decreased while the mean exhaust temperature increased with an increase in altitudes. Compared to near sea level, the fuel consumption (L/100 km) of the tested vehicle was reduced by up to 23.28%. For emissions, carbon monoxide (CO) and particle number (PN) emissions consistently increased and nitrogen oxide (NO<sub>X</sub>) emissions first increased and then decreased with an increase in altitude. At specific test modes, the CO emissions of tested vehicles were urban > rural > motorway in descending order. Compared to near sea level, NO<sub>X</sub> emissions increased slightly at an altitude of 2300 m, while PN emissions increased by up to 20 times or more. Therefore, the reasonableness of altitude expansion factor development needed to be considered when refining RDE regulations. For vehicle manufacturers, the focus should be on PN emissions at high altitude regions.</div></div>

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Grigorova-Pesheva, Bilyana, Kamelia Petrova, and Boyka Malcheva. "STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF SOIL TYPE, VEGETATION, ALTITUDE AND ORGANIC CARBON CONTENT ON SOIL MICROBIAL ABUNDANCE." In 22nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s14.49.

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Microbiological studies of forest soils are an important field of research due to the role of forest as carbon sinks and the main role of microorganisms in biogeochemical cycle and in the transformation of organic mass. Microbiological monitoring of soils in forest ecosystems is of key importance to achieve accurate and comparable data. This paper examines the interrelationship of soil microbial communities with different environmental characteristics. For the purpose of the study, the influence of soil type, the influence of some soil parameters, tree composition and altitude on microbial abundance were analyzed. Basic soil parameters were evaluated - content of organic carbon and pH in water extract. For the purpose of the study, 20 representative sample plots were laid out in the territory of Vitosha nature park. The sample plots are in Cambisols and Umbrisols. The microbiological abundance of soils was determined. The total microbial number varied from 5.59 to 6.60 CFU log10/g soil mass. Cambisols have a higher microbial abundance. The sample plots with higher microbial abundance are concentrate at altitudes between 1200 m a.s.l. and 1500 m a.s.l. The data were evaluated statistically. Of greatest importance in the study sample plots is altitude, followed by organic carbon content. Sample plots under mix vegetation have greater microbial abundance. Under coniferous vegetation, the participation of micromycetes in the microbial communities clearly stands out.

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Huang, Zhongwen, Xiaoli Li, and Yong Deng. "The low-altitude wind shear and its influence upon hedgehopping." In 2000 World Aviation Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-5570.

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Yi, Yaxing, Kaiduan Yue, Mei Yuan, and Jian Xie. "Infrared object detection: the influence of flying altitude and velocity." In International Conference on Optical Instrumentation and Technology, edited by Shenghua Ye, Guangjun Zhang, and Jun Ni. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.837848.

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Zhongwen, Huang, Li Xiaoli, and Deng Yong. "The Low-Altitude Wind Shear and Its Influence Upon Hedgehopping." In World Aviation Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-5570.

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Tapakis, Rogiros, Alexandros Charalambides, and Silas Michaelides. "Influence of Solar Altitude on Diffuse Fraction Correlations in Cyprus." In EuroSun 2014. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun.2014.08.11.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Altitude, Influence of"

Muza, Stephen R., Paul B. Rock, Michael Zupan, James Miller, and William R. Thomas. Influence of Moderate Altitude Residence on Arterial Oxygen Saturation at Higher Altitudes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada421496.

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Butterweck, Gernot, Alberto Stabilini, Benno Bucher, David Breitenmoser, Ladislaus Rybach, Cristina Poretti, Stéphane Maillard, et al. Aeroradiometric measurements in the framework of the Swiss Exercise ARM22. Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55402/psi:51194.

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The flights of the civil (ARM22c) and military (ARM22m) parts of the exercise were performed between June 13th and 17th and between September 5th and September 9th, respectively. Both parts of the exercise included the measurement of altitude profiles. Two profiles were measured during ARM22c over Lake Thun and one profile during ARM22m over Lake Neuchâtel with sufficient altitude range to determine the slope of the altitude-dependent cosmic correction. The altitude profile over Lake Neuchâtel showed a clear deviation from the expected profile, suggesting a massive influence of airborne radon progeny on the result. According to the alternating schedule of the annual ARM exercises, the environs of the nuclear power plants Beznau (KKB) and Leibstadt (KKL), the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and the intermediate storage facility (ZWILAG) were surveyed with an extension of the measuring area into German territory, following a request of German authorities. The site of the former Lucens reactor was measured and found unobtrusive in the measured data. Background flights were performed over several Swiss cities, regions and valleys. Besides attenuation effects of water bodies, variations of natural radionuclide content could be observed. Remains of the Chernobyl deposition were detected near the French border and in southern Switzerland.

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Butterweck, Gernot, Alberto Stabilini, Benno Bucher, David Breitenmoser, Ladislaus Rybach, Cristina Poretti, Stéphane Maillard, et al. Aeroradiometric measurements in the framework of the swiss exercise ARM23. Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55402/psi:60054.

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The flights of the civil (ARM23c) and military (ARM23m) parts of the exercise were performedbetween June 19th and 23rd and between September 11th and September 15th,respectively. The measuring system RLL001 was employed for all measurements. As usual, during the civil exercise the environs of some of the Swiss nuclear power plants were screened, on behalf of the Swiss Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (ENSI). At the site of the nuclear power plant Gösgen (KKG) with its pressurized water reactor, the activation products of the primary coolant loop are kept in the well shielded reactor building, thus generating no elevated readings neither on the premises nor in the vicinity of the power plant. The nuclear power plant of Mühleberg (KKM) is now being decommissioned. During this phase, activated components are temporarily stored and processed on the plant premises. The dose rate produced by these components, easily detected and identified with the Swiss airborne gamma spectrometry system, is nevertheless very modest and closely monitored by the Swiss Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (ENSI). Search exercises for radionuclide sources were performed in both parts of ARM23. The operational software of the RLL systems was able to detect the radionuclide sources placed in military training areas. The Man-Made Gross-Count (MMGC) ratio demonstrated a good sensitivity for the identification of radionuclide sources. Nevertheless, a weak radionuclide source placed in the field of view of the helicopter (300 m x 300 m at a ground clearance of 100 m) together with a much stronger radionuclide source emitting higher energy photons was obscured due to Compton scattered photons and therefore could not be detected. Measurements of two teams using drones equipped with radiation monitors demonstrated that low flying drones (ground clearance below 10 m) can be a valuable and complementary tool to identify sources and to further reduce the target area to be searched with ground teams. An altitude profile over Lake Constance confirmed the already observed influence of airborne radon progeny on the determination of cosmic and background corrections. Background flights were performed over several Swiss regions. Besides attenuation effects of water bodies, variations of natural radionuclide content could be observed. A new flight strategy in alpine topography was tested near the Swiss mountain Chrüz. Following contour lines of the topography reduces the necessity for drastic flight altitude changes compared to the parallel line pattern normally used, but is much more challenging for the pilots.

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Gimelshein, Sergey F., Alina A. Alexeenko, Dean C. Wadsworth, and Natalia E. Gimelshein. The Influence of Particulates on Thruster Plume / Shock Layer Interaction at High Altitudes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada433926.

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