Готові списки джерел за темами / Alkane And Alkene

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Alkane And Alkene"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 7 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Alkane And Alkene"

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Giuffrè, Angelo Maria. "n-Alkanes and n-Alkenes in Virgin Olive Oil from Calabria (South Italy): The Effects of Cultivar and Harvest Date." Foods 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020290.

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n-Alkanes and n-alkenes are components of the unsaponifiable fraction of an olive oil. These were analysed by GC on-column analysis and are here proposed as an additional tool to certify the origin, authenticity, traceability and chemical quality of olive oil produced in the Reggio Calabria province (South Italy). Nine cultivars were studied: Cassanese, Coratina, Itrana, Leccino, Nociara, Ottobratica, Pendolino, Picholine and Sinopolese grown in the region of Calabria (South Italy). n-Alkanes in the range from 21 to 35 chain carbon atoms and alkenes in the range from 23:1 to 25:1 chain carbon atoms were found with the following elution order: heneicosane (C21), docosane (C22), tricosene (C23:1), tricosane (C23), tetracosene (C24:1), tetracosane (C24), pentacosene (C25:1), pentacosane (C25), hexacosane (C26), eptacosane (C27), octacosane (C28), nonacosane (C29), triacontane (C30), entriacontane (C31), dotriacontane (C32), tritriacontane (C33), tetratriacontane (C34), pentatriacontane (C35). The oil of all cultivars showed a decreasing trend in total n-alkane and n-alkene content, with the oil of Sinopolese showing the highest content, varying from 328.50 to 214.00 mg/kg. Odd-chain alkanes predominated over even-chain n-alkanes, and tricosane, tetracosane and pentacosane were the most represented alkanes. Cultivar and harvest date significantly influenced the n-alkane and n-alkene content. These findings can be useful to distinguish different olive cultivars and to decide the fruit harvest date for the oil of the Reggio Calabria province (South Italy). A daily quantity of 30 g of olive oil of the Sinoplese cv (the one with the highest n-alkane and n-alkene content) was found to be in accordance with the suggestions of the European Agency for the evaluation of medicinal products Committee for veterinary medicinal products and biogenic hydrocarbons intake for the human diet.
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Dove, H., and M. Oliván. "The possible use of the alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons) of plant cuticular wax as diet composition markers in sheep." BSAP Occasional Publication 34 (2006): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463981500042187.

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SummaryThe objective of the current study was to investigate the possible use of alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons) of plant waxes as diet composition markers in sheep. Twenty-four sheep (30 kg live weight) were housed in individual pens (n=16, “pen” sheep) or in metabolism crates (n=8, “crate” sheep) for the total collection of faeces. Once daily, sheep were fed 720 g DM of a two-component diet consisting of a roughage source (chaffed perennial ryegrass) and a high-quality supplement (unpelleted sunflower meal, SFM) in different proportions, 7:1, 6:2, 5:3 and 4:4 (4 pen sheep and 2 crate sheep/treatment). SFM was labelled with a solution of beeswax to provide an alkane/ alkene profile different from the chaff. Diet composition was estimated from C27, C29, C31 and C33 alkene concentrations in diet and faeces (total faeces or rectal grab samples), using the least-squares package ‘EatWhat’. Estimates were conducted with or without correction of faecal alkane concentrations for incomplete faecal recovery, calculated from the alkene intakes and faecal outputs in the crate sheep.Although the faecal alkene recoveries of alkenes were low, they did not differ between chain lengths for alkenes C27 to C33. Therefore in cage sheep, alkene-based estimates of SFM proportions, with or without faecal recovery correction, did not differ significantly from the proportions fed and were as accurate as earlier alkane-based estimates. In pen sheep, SFM proportions estimated from rectal grab samples were slightly but significantly over-estimated, regardless of whether or not recovery corrections were used. The over-estimates were not related to recovery corrections but to the small differences in concentrations between rectal grab samples from pen sheep and the total faeces from cage sheep. The lack of effect of recovery corrections does not mean they should be excluded from such calculations, as there may be situations in which there is an effect of carbon-chain length on alkene recovery. Use of recovery corrections also permits an estimate of whole-diet digestibility.The present results indicate that alkenes could be useful additional markers to the alkanes for estimating the proportion of two dietary components in diets offered to sheep.
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Grossi, Vincent, Cristiana Cravo-Laureau, Alain Méou, Danielle Raphel, Frédéric Garzino, and Agnès Hirschler-Réa. "Anaerobic 1-Alkene Metabolism by the Alkane- and Alkene-Degrading Sulfate Reducer Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans Strain CV2803T." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 24 (October 26, 2007): 7882–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01097-07.

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ABSTRACT The alkane- and alkene-degrading, marine sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans strain CV2803T, known to oxidize n-alkanes anaerobically by fumarate addition at C-2, was investigated for its 1-alkene metabolism. The total cellular fatty acids of this strain were predominantly C-(even number) (C-even) when it was grown on C-even 1-alkenes and predominantly C-(odd number) (C-odd) when it was grown on C-odd 1-alkenes. Detailed analyses of those fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after 6- to 10-week incubations allowed the identification of saturated 2- and 4-ethyl-, 2- and 4-methyl-, and monounsaturated 4-methyl-branched fatty acids with chain lengths that correlated with those of the 1-alkene. The growth of D. aliphaticivorans on (per)deuterated 1-alkenes provided direct evidence of the anaerobic transformation of these alkenes into the corresponding 1-alcohols and into linear as well as 10- and 4-methyl-branched fatty acids. Experiments performed with [13C]bicarbonate indicated that the initial activation of 1-alkene by the addition of inorganic carbon does not occur. These results demonstrate that D. aliphaticivorans metabolizes 1-alkene by the oxidation of the double bond at C-1 and by the subterminal addition of organic carbon at both ends of the molecule [C-2 and C-(ω-1)]. The detection of ethyl-branched fatty acids from unlabeled 1-alkenes further suggests that carbon addition also occurs at C-3. Alkylsuccinates were not observed as potential initial intermediates in alkene metabolism. Based on our observations, the first pathways for anaerobic 1-alkene metabolism in an anaerobic bacterium are proposed. Those pathways indicate that diverse initial reactions of 1-alkene activation can occur simultaneously in the same strain of sulfate-reducing bacterium.
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Cely-Pinto, Melissa, Bowen Wang, and Juan C. Scaiano. "Photocatalytic Semi-Hydrogenation of Alkynes: A Game of Kinetics, Selectivity and Critical Timing." Nanomaterials 13, no. 17 (August 22, 2023): 2390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13172390.

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The semi-hydrogenation reaction of alkynes is important in the fine chemicals and pharmaceutical industries, and it is thus important to find catalytic processes that will drive the reaction efficiently and at a low cost. The real challenge is to drive the alkyne-to-alkene reaction while avoiding over-hydrogenation to the saturated alkane moiety. The problem is more difficult when dealing with aromatic substitution at the alkyne center. Simple photocatalysts based on Palladium tend to proceed to the alkane, and stopping at the alkene with good selectivity requires very precise timing with basically no timing tolerance. We report here that the goal of high conversion with high selectivity could be achieved with TiO2-supported copper (Cu@TiO2), although with slower kinetics than for Pd@TiO2. A novel bimetallic catalyst, namely, CuPd@TiO2 (0.8% Cu and 0.05% Pd), with methanol as the hydrogen source could improve the kinetics by 50% with respect to Cu@TiO2, while achieving selectivities over 95% and with exceptional timing tolerance. Further, the low Palladium content minimizes its use, as Palladium is regarded as an element at risk of depletion.
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Carrara, Nicolás, Carolina Betti, Fernando Coloma-Pascual, María Cristina Almansa, Laura Gutierrez, Cristian Miranda, Mónica E. Quiroga, and Cecilia R. Lederhos. "High-Active Metallic-Activated Carbon Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018 (July 5, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4307308.

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A series of low-loaded metallic-activated carbon catalysts were evaluated during the selective hydrogenation of a medium-chain alkyne under mild conditions. The catalysts and support were characterized by ICP, hydrogen chemisorption, Raman spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR micro-ATR), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS). When studying the effect of the metallic phase, the catalysts were active and selective to the alkene synthesis. NiCl/C was the most active and selective catalytic system. Besides, when the precursor salt was evaluated, PdN/C was more active and selective than PdCl/C. Meanwhile, alkyne is present in the reaction media, and geometrical and electronic effects favor alkene desorption and so avoid their overhydrogenation to the alkane. Under mild conditions, nickel catalysts are considerably more active and selective than the Lindlar catalyst.
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Jiang, Jing, Ying Hu, Xin Cai, Liudi Wang, Yanwei Hu, Shaohua Chen, Shilei Zhang, and Yinan Zhang. "Bis(phenylsulfonyl)methane mediated synthesis of olefins via a halogen elimination and double bond migration." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 16, no. 15 (2018): 2619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob00033f.

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Khaligh, Nader Ghaffari. "Recent Advances and Applications of tert-Butyl Nitrite (TBN) in Organic Synthesis." Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry 17, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570193x15666181029141019.

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This mini-review will present the recent applications of Tert-Butyl Nitrite (TBN) in organic synthesis. Due to its unique structural feature and wide application, TBN holds a prominent and great potential in organic synthesis. The applications of TBN in three areas viz. aerobic oxidation, annulation, and diazotization were reviewed recently; now, the current mini-review will describe the studies carried out to date in areas such as nitration of alkane, alkene, alkyne, and aromatic compounds, nitrosylation and sequential nitrosylation reactions, using TBN as source of oxygen and nitrogen. The mechanisms of these transformations will be briefly described in this mini-review.
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Centi, G. "Selective heterogeneous oxidation of light alkanes. What differentiates alkane from alkene feedstocks?" Catalysis Letters 22, no. 1-2 (March 1993): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00811769.

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Liu, Hongjun. "Transport diffusivity of propane and propylene inside SWNTs from equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 45 (2014): 24697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp03881a.

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Yusoff, Durratul Fatini, Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman, Malihe Masomian, Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali, and Thean Chor Leow. "Newly Isolated Alkane Hydroxylase and Lipase Producing Geobacillus and Anoxybacillus Species Involved in Crude Oil Degradation." Catalysts 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10080851.

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Isolation and studies of novel, crude oil biodegrading thermophilic strains may provide a wider knowledge in understanding their role in petroleum degradation. In this study, the screening of ten new thermophilic strains revealed that all strains were alkane hydroxylase producers and seven of them produced lipase concurrently. Three best strains were characterized and identified through 16S rRNA sequence analysis as Geobacillus sp. D4, Geobacillus sp. D7, and Anoxybacillus geothermalis D9 with GenBank accession numbers MK615934.1, MK615935.1, and MK615936.1, respectively. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis showed that all three strains were able to breakdown various compounds in crude oil such as alkanes, toxic poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organosulfur, carboxylic acids, alkene, resins, organosilicon, alcohol, organochlorine, and ester. For the first time, alkane hydroxylase and lipase activity as well as crude oil degradation by A. geothermalis species were reported. Geobacillus sp. D7 is the best alkane degrader followed by A. geothermalis D9 and Geobacillus sp. D4 with 17.3%, 13.1%, and 12.1% biodegradation efficiency (BE%), respectively. The potential of thermophiles isolated can be explored further for bioremediation of sites polluted by petroleum and oil spills.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Alkane And Alkene"

1

Peter, Sebastian. "Oxyfunctionalization of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes by unspecific peroxygenase (EC 1.11.2.1)." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-113321.

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Unspecific peroxygenase (EC 1.11.2.1) represents a group of secreted hemethiolate proteins that are capable of catalyzing the selective mono-oxygenation of diverse organic compounds using only H2O2 as a cosubstrate. In this study, the peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO) was found to catalyze the hydroxylation of various linear (e.g n-hexane), branched (e.g. 2,3-dimethylbutane) and cyclic alkanes (e.g. cyclohexane). The size of n-alkane substrates converted by AaeUPO ranged from gaseous propane (C3) to n-hexadecane (C16). They were mono-hydroxylated mainly at the C2 and C3 position, rather than at the terminal carbon, and the corresponding ketones were formed as a result of overoxidation. In addition, a number of alkenes were epoxidized by AaeUPO, including linear terminal (e.g. 1-heptene), branched (2-methyl-2-butene) and cyclic alkenes (e.g. cyclopentene), as well as linear and cyclic dienes (buta-1,3-diene, cyclohexa-1,4-diene). Furthermore, the conversion of terminal alkynes (e.g. 1- octyne) gave the corresponding 1-alkyn-3-ol in low yield. Some of the reactions proceeded with complete regioselectivity and - in the case of linear alkanes, terminal linear alkenes and alkynes - with moderate to high stereoselectivity. The conversion of n-octane gave (R)-3-octanol with 99% enantiomeric excess (ee) and the preponderance of the (S)-enantiomer reached up to 72% ee of the epoxide product for the conversion of 1-heptene. Catalytic efficiencies (kcat/ Km) determined for the hydroxylation and respectively epoxidation of the model compounds cyclohexane and 2-methyl-2-butene were 2.0 × 103 M-1 s-1 and 2.5 × 105 M−1 s−1. The results obtained in the deuterium isotope effect experiment with semideuterated n-hexane and the radical clock experiment with norcarane clearly demonstrated that the hydroxylation of alkanes proceeds via hydrogen abstraction, the formation of a substrate radical and a subsequent oxygen rebound mechanism. Moreover, stopped-flow experiments and substrate kinetics proved the involvement of a porphyrin radical cation species (compound I; AaeUPO-I) as reactive intermediate in the catalytic cycle of AaeUPO, similar to other hemethiolate enzymes (e.g. cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, P450s)
Die Gruppe der Unspezifischen Peroxygenasen (EC 1.11.2.1) umfasst extrazelluläre Häm-Thiolat-Enzyme, die mittels H2O2 als Cosubstrat die selektive Monooxygenierung unterschiedlicher organischer Verbindungen katalysieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass die von Agrocybe aegerita sekretierte Peroxygenase (AaeUPO) verschiedene lineare (z. B. n-Hexan), verzweigte (z. B. 2,3-Dimethylbutan) und zyklische Alkane (z. B. Cyclohexan) hydroxyliert. Die Größe der von der AaeUPO umgesetzten Substrate reichte vom gasförmigen Propan (C3) bis hin zu n-Hexadekan (C16). Die Alkane wurden bevorzugt am zweiten und dritten Kohlenstoffatom (C2 und C3) hydroxyliert; eine Hydroxylierung am terminalen Kohlenstoff konnte nur vereinzelt und in geringem Umfang beobachtet werden. Die Überoxidationen der primär gebildeten, sekundären Alkohole führte außerdem zur Entstehung der entsprechenden Ketonderivate. Darüber hinaus wurde eine Vielzahl linearer terminaler (z. B. 1-Hepten), verzweigter (z. B. 2-Methyl-2-Buten) und zyklischer Alkene (z. B. Cyclopenten) sowie linearer und zyklischer Diene (1,3-Butadien, 1,4-Cyclohexadien) durch die AaeUPO epoxidiert. Die Umsetzung terminaler Alkine (z. B. 1-Octin) führte zur Entstehung der jeweiligen 1-Alkin-3-ole. Manche dieser Reaktionen verliefen ausgeprägt regioselektiv und, im Falle der linearen Alkane sowie der linearen terminalen Alkene und Alkine, mit mittlerer bis hoher Stereoselektivität. So ergab beispielsweise die Umsetzung von n-Octan einen Enantiomerenüberschuss größer 99% für (R)-3-Octanol; die Epoxidierung von 1-Hepten lieferte einen Enatiomeerenüberschuss (ee) von bis zu 72% für das (S)-Enantiomer. Die katalytischen Effizienzen, die für die Hydroxylierung bzw. Epoxidierung der Modellverbindungen Cyclohexan und 2-Methyl-2-Buten ermittelt wurden, betragen 2.0 × 103 M-1 s-1 und 2.5 × 105 M−1 s−1. Der ausgeprägte Deuterium-Isotopen-Effekt, der im Zuge der Umsetzung von semideuteriertem n-Hexan beobachtet wurde sowie die Ergebnisse des Radical-Clock-Experiments mit Norcarane als Substrat bestätigten, dass die Hydroxylierung von Alkanen über Wasserstoffabstraktion, die Bildung eines Substratradikals und anschließende direkte Sauerstoffrückbindung verläuft. Die Stopped-Flow-Experimente belegen zudem das Auftreten eines Porphyrin-Kationradikal-Intermediates (Compound I; AaeUPO-I) im katalytischen Zyklus der AaeUPO (vergleichbar mit dem reaktiven Intermediat der P450-Monooxygenasen)
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2

Ly, Mai Anh. "Evaluation of components for the heterologous expression of Mycobacterium chubuense NBB4 monooxygenases." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11638.

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Bacterial monooxygenases have important roles in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen, as well as potential applications in biocatalysis of pharmaceutically important epoxides, and bioremediation of chlorinated pollutants. However, use of monooxygenases for biotechnology requires understanding of microbial physiology and the catalytic properties (e.g. substrate range and kinetic parameters) of monooxygenases themselves. Heterologous expression of monooxygenases is one way to advance our fundamental knowledge of MO functions, and also to enable future applications. This project focused on designing a new heterologous expression system for monooxygenases, using the soluble di-iron ethene monooxygenase (EtnMO) and the particulate copper hydrocarbon monooxygenase (HMO) from Mycobacterium strain NBB4 as models. The new Mycobacterium/E. coli shuttle vector (pMycoFos) allows stable cloning of the EtnMO and HMO enzymes in E. coli, and functional expression of these in Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2-155. This study evaluated the requirement for accessory proteins such as chaperonins and catalase peroxidase in the hydrocarbon metabolism of strain NBB4, and charactersied three such proteins (Cpn60.1, Cpn10, and KatG) by expression and purification in E. coli. Although co-expression of these proteins did not enhance MO activity in M. smegmatis, evidence for a role for KatG in alkane metabolism was obtained from the higher peroxidase activity seen in butane-grown cells relative to cells grown on acetate. Codon-optimisation was tested as a means of enabling expression of the EtnMO genes in E. coli, but this approach was not successful. However, possible evidence for the importance of codon usage was obtained from experiments on heterologous expression of the EtnMO in Pseudomonas putida strain KT2440. This high-GC bacterium was capable of expression of the unmodified EtnMO genes. This is the first example of functional expression of an alkene monooxygenase (group 4 SDIMO) in a gram-negative organism.
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Yip, Wing-ping, and 葉永平. "Alkane C-H bond oxidations and alkene dihydroxylations by oxorutheniumcomplexes of chelating tertiary amine ligands." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31246254.

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4

Wagener, Alex [Verfasser], and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Ernst. "Adsorptive Trennung von Gemischen kurzkettiger Alkane und Alkene an nanostrukturierten porösen Adsorbentien / Alex Wagener. Betreuer: Stefan Ernst." Kaiserslautern : Universitätsbibliothek Kaiserslautern, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1021529036/34.

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5

Prat, Casellas Irene. "Bioinspired non-heme iron catalysts for challenging oxidative transformations: mechanistic studies and catalytic applications on selective alkane hydroxylation and alkene cis-dihydroxilation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117778.

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The functionalization of hydrocarbons in a sustainable manner is one of the main challenges for chemists. Their abundance in nature as natural gas or crude oil makes them the most convenient chemical feedstock. The oxidation of hydrocarbons is one of the most interesting reactions, because the introduction of an oxygen atom introduces functionality in these molecules, increasing their value as reagents for further chemical transformation. However, these reactions are fundamentally difficult due to the low reactivity of alkyl C-H bonds. Current available methodologies involve highly reactive-oxidizing reagents, high temperatures and long-time reactions in order to overcome this lack of reactivity. These harsh conditions introduce drawbacks in terms of chemo- and regioselectivity, essential to produce synthetic valuable products. An important step forward is the development of one-step oxidation methodologies, allowing the oxidation of C-H and C=C with high regio- and stereoselectivity. Natural systems, such as iron enzymes, are capable of perform this chemistry with high selectivity and efficiency. Iron is the most abundant metallic element in the earth and is essential for live. In addition, this lack of toxicity makes it and attractive material to substitute more toxic and expensive metals currently used. One of the main objective of this thesis is design of iron complexes that mimics the structure and function of these natural enzymes with the aim of find new methodologies for the selective C-H and C=C bond oxidation using green conditions. Furthermore, the study of these compounds could give useful information about the oxidation mechanisms operating in oxygenase enzymes. The results obtained in this thesis clarify the mechanism by which the oxidation of the C-H bond with retention of stereochemistry takes place at a mononuclear non-heme iron site, and evidence the formation of a high valent iron (V) capable of perform the cis-dihydroxylation of alkenes. Furthermore, a new complex is described as an efficient and selective catalyst capable of performing this chemistry in a scale amenable for synthetic applications
La funcionalització d'hidrocarburs de manera sostenible i eficaç és un dels principals reptes per la química moderna, degut a que la seva abundància natural els fa una important matèria primera. L'oxidació d'hidrocarburs és una de les reaccions més interessants, ja que la introducció d’un àtom d’oxigen en l’estructura d’un hidrocarburs li confereix funcionalitat química, fa augmentar el seu valor i els converteix en reactius adients per subseqüents transformacions químiques. No obstant això, aquestes reaccions són difícils a causa de la inherent baixa reactivitat dels hidrocarburs. Les metodologies actualment disponibles impliquen la utilització d’espècies altament oxidants i tòxiques, altes temperatures i llargs temps de reacció per tal de superar aquesta manca de reactivitat. Aquestes condicions extremes eviten que la química es pugui dur a terme de manera selectiva, fet essencial per produir productes d’alt valor sintètic. Un avanç important és el desenvolupament de metodologies de reacció suaus que permetin l'oxidació d'enllaços C-H i C=C amb alta regio- i estereoselectivitat. Els sistemes naturals, com ara enzims de ferro, són capaços de realitzar aquesta química. El ferro és l’element metàl•lic més abundant a la terra i és clau per nombrosos processos vitals, a més la seva baixa toxicitat el fa un atractiu material per substituir els elements de segona i tercera seria de transició més cars i tòxics emprats actualment. Un dels principals objectius d’aquesta tesi és dissenyar catalitzadors de ferro que imiten l’estructura i la funció dels enzims naturals per tal de trobar una nova metodologia que permeti l'oxidació selectiva d'enllaços C-H i C=C utilitzant condicions suaus i mediambientalment més benignes que les metodologies tradicionals. A més, l’estudi d’aquests sistemes pot donar informació útil sobre el mecanisme d’oxidació del propi enzim. Els resultats obtinguts en aquesta tesi aclareixen el mecanisme pel qual es duu a terme la hidroxilació de l’enllaç C-H amb retenció de la estereoselectivitat en centres mononuclears de ferro, i evidencien la formació d’una espècie de ferro (V) d’alt estat d’oxidació capaç de catalitzar la cis-dihidroxilació d’alquens. A més a més, es descobreix un catalitzador eficient i selectiu capaç de dur a terme aquesta química en condicions d’escala preparativa
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Haak, Edgar. "Titankatalysatoren für die intermolekulare Hydroaminierung von Alkinen und Alkenen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964517639.

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Groaz, Elisabetta. "Alkene and alkyne metathesis reactions using ruthenium initiators." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440449.

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Mehta, Brinda Mayank. "Green Resins based on Alkene- and Alkyne-containing Triglycerides." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1468795161.

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9

Pongtavornpinyo, Ruti. "Indium Carbenes Alkenes and Alkanes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508494.

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Edwards, Andrew R. "Polyfluorinated alkenes and alkynes." Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4772/.

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The research described within this thesis may be divided into four main subject areas: 1) The use of (Z)-2H-heptafluorobut-2-ene (10) as a synthon for hexafluorobut- 2-yne (4) in Diels-Alder reactions was investigated. Novel 'one-pot' routes to a variety of bis(trifluoromethyl) substituted furan and arene derivatives were discovered, along with the synthesis of the novel diene, bis(trifluoromethyl)cyclopentadiene (46), from cyclopentadiene.2) A variety of nucleophiles were successfully reacted with (10), the products of which were identical to those that have been, or would be expected to be, formed from the reaction of the same nucleophile with (4). A novel route to a fluorinated quinoline derivative was also discovered.3) Perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene (74) was used as a 'bulking agent' to replace the hydrocarbon solvent used in halogen exchange reactions for the preparation of octafluorocyclopentene (3), chlorofluoro -pyridine, -pyrimidine, and -benzene derivatives. New 'one-pot' syntheses of hexafluorobut-2-yne (4), octafluorobut-2-ene (6) and hexafluorocyclobutene (2) were also discovered.4) Various routes were explored in an attempt to improve the present literature preparations of tetrafluoropropyne (79), including pyrolysis and elimination methods. Tetrafluoroallene (81), and trace amounts of (79), were found to be formed on the elimination of hydrogen fluoride from 2H-pentafluoropropene (5).
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Книги з теми "Alkane And Alkene"

1

Haines, Alan H. Methods for the oxidation of organic compounds: Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and arenes. London: Academic Press, 1985.

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2

Aleksandrovich, Dementʹev Vasiliĭ, Todorovskiĭ A. T та Elʹi͡a︡shevich M. A. 1908-, ред. Interpretirovannye kolebatelʹnye spektry alkanov, alkenov i proizvodnykh benzola. Moskva: "Nauka", 1986.

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3

Pombeiro, Armando J. L., and M. Fátima C. Guedes da Silva, eds. Alkane Functionalization. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119379256.

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4

Wang, Jianbo, ed. Stereoselective Alkene Synthesis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31824-5.

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5

Greenhalgh, Mark. Iron-Catalysed Hydrofunctionalisation of Alkenes and Alkynes. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33663-3.

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6

Marsh, K. N., ed. Densities of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: Alkenes, Alkadienes, Alkynes. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b59735.

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7

Jean, Sommer, ed. C2-C5 alkane activation. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.

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8

Hiemstra, H. Alkanes. Stuttgart: Thieme, 2009.

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9

Trost, Barry M., and Chao-Jun Li, eds. Modern Alkyne Chemistry. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527677894.

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10

Fürstner, Alois, ed. Alkene Metathesis in Organic Synthesis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69708-x.

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Частини книг з теми "Alkane And Alkene"

1

Neumann, Jürgen. "Alkane, Alkene, Alkine: Typische Eigenschaften und Reaktionen." In Praxishandbuch Chemie im Unterricht, 203–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64964-0_13.

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2

Zhang, Chen. "Alkane and Alkene Separation by Membrane Operations." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 55–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_2190.

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Zhang, Chen. "Alkane and Alkene Separation by Membrane Operations." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_2190-1.

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4

Latscha, Hans Peter, and Uli Kazmaier. "Ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe (Alkene, Alkine)." In Chemie für Biologen, 411–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47784-7_21.

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5

Latscha, Hans Peter, Uli Kazmaier, and Helmut Alfons Klein. "Ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe (Alkene, Alkine)." In Organische Chemie, 63–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46180-8_5.

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6

Latscha, Hans Peter, Uli Kazmaier, and Helmut Alfons Klein. "Ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe (Alkene, Alkine)." In Organische Chemie, 61–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09138-8_5.

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7

Latscha, Hans Peter, Uli Kazmaier, and Helmut Alfons Klein. "Ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe (Alkene, Alkine)." In Chemie für Pharmazeuten, 382–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56066-8_34.

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8

Latscha, Hans Peter, Uli Kazmaier, and Helmut Alfons Klein. "Ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe (Alkene, Alkine)." In Chemie für Biologen, 411–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06236-4_37.

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9

Latscha, Hans Peter, Uli Kazmaier, and Helmut Alfons Klein. "Ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe (Alkene, Alkine)." In Organische Chemie, 61–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77107-4_5.

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10

Moloney, Mark G. "Alkene and Alkyne Chemistry." In How to Solve Organic Reaction Mechanisms, 32–63. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118698532.ch2.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Alkane And Alkene"

1

Reuter, Christopher B., and Timothy Ombrello. "Ozone-Enhanced Flame Propagation of Alkane/Alkene/Air Mixtures." In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-0179.

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2

Al Shoaibi, Ahmed, and Anthony M. Dean. "Kinetic Analysis of C4 Alkane and Alkene Pyrolysis: Implications for SOFC Operation." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65033.

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Pyrolysis experiments of isobutane, isobutylene, and 1-butene were performed over a temperature range of 550–750 °C and a pressure of ∼ 0.8 atm. The residence time was ∼ 5 s. The fuel conversion and product selectivity were analyzed at these temperatures. The pyrolysis experiments were performed to simulate the gas phase chemistry that occurs in the anode channel of a solid-oxide fuel cell. The experimental results confirm that molecular structure has a substantial impact on pyrolysis kinetics. The experimental data show considerable amounts of C5 and higher species (∼2.8 mole % with isobutane at 750 °C, ∼7.5 mole % with isobutylene at 737.5 °C, and ∼7.4 mole % with 1-butene at 700 °C). The C5+ species are likely deposit precursors. The results confirm that hydrocarbon gas phase kinetics have substantial impact on SOFC operation.
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Ingebrigtsen, S., N. Bonifaci, A. Denat, and O. Lesaint. "Spectral analysis of light emitted from streamers in chlorinated alkane & alkene liquids." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdl.2008.4622485.

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4

LIFI, Mohamed, Eduardo ATANASIO MONTERO, Laurent DESHAYES, Natalia MUNOZ-RUJAS, Younes CHHITI, Fatima Ezzahrae M'HAMDI ALAOUI, and Fernando AGUILAR ROMERO. "Measurement and modeling of excess enthalpies of hydrocarbon mixtures: Alkene + Alkane or + Cycloalkane at 313.15 K." In 2020 5th International Conference on Renewable Energies for Developing Countries (REDEC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/redec49234.2020.9163877.

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5

Yin, Sudong, Yanglin Pan, and Zhongchao Tan. "Catalytic Hydrothermal Conversion of Glucose to Light Petroleum Alkanes." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90433.

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The production of carbon-neutral liquid fuels from renewable biomass has attracted worldwide interest in an age of depletion of fossil fuel reserves and pollutions caused by utilization of fossil petroleum. Currently, commercial bio-oil production technologies include bio-ethanol, bio-diesel and pyrolysis bio-oil. But, these bio-oils mainly consist of alcohols and aromatic chemicals rather than alkanes of the main components of gasoline and diesel. Direct utilization of these bio-oils can corrode car engines as well as emitting large unburned hydrocarbons particles through automotive combustion system. Therefore, in this study, catalytic hydrothermal conversion (CHTC) of glucose to alkanes in a single batch reactor was investigated with respect to effects of conversion parameters such as initial pressure of process gas H2, pH level of aqueous solution and catalysts on alkane yields and compositions. Results showed that the highest alkane yield of 21.6% (based on the mol of the input glucose) was obtained at 265 °C, with 300 psi of H2 process gas, 0.5 g catalyst of 1w%. Pt/Al2O3 and a residence time of 15 h. The alkane yield was significantly influenced by the initial pressure of H2, which increased with increasing H2 pressure. On the other hand, the alkane yields first increased and then decreased with pH levels. Also, more alkanes were produced by Pt/Al2O3 than Pd/Al2O3. Regarding alkane compositions, high initial pressure of H2 favored the production of relatively heavy C3–4 alkanes. With 300 psi of initial H2, C3H8 and C4H10 accounted for 75% of the total produced alkanes. All of the experimental data in this study lead to one conclusion that petroleum alkanes can be directly produced from glucose.
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Leyva Gutierrez, Francisco, and Tong Wang. "Crystallography and Functionality of Natural Waxes: Insights for the Development of Tailored Lipid Materials." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/nyok4571.

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Natural waxes are valuable industrial products consisting of complex chemical mixtures. To probe the structure−function role of select constituents, model n-alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, and fatty acids of C18−19, C22−23, and C26−27 carbon chain lengths were synthesized and analyzed via calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. Pure compounds and binary mixtures crystallized into monoclinic (M), triclinic (T), and orthorhombic (O) lattices or combinations thereof. The C26 aldehyde formed an O lattice and exhibited one solid−solid phase transition similar to n-alkanes. The water vapor permeability (WVP) of model systems cast as films was determined. For pure compounds, WVP decreased in the following order: fatty acid > even n-alkane > odd n-alkane > alcohol > aldehyde. Increasing carbon chain length, which translates to increasing unit cell volume, decreased WVP. Binary mixtures generally exhibited a more complex relationship with WVP. These findings may be applicable to the agricultural postharvest, pharmaceutical, and paperboard coating industries.
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Coskuner, Yakup Berk, Elio Dean, Xiaolong Yin, and Erdal Ozkan. "Water Alternating Alkane Injection: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study." In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209363-ms.

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Abstract In a recent study, we observed that the diffusion coefficient of common hydrocarbons in crude oils are more affected by the presence of different hydrocarbon components than the effect of confinement. Based on our previous observations, in this study, we investigated the efficiency of smaller-chain alkane injection into oil-soaked sandstone pores to dilute the oil with alkane. We used molecular dynamics simulations of C2, C3, C4 and C5 as well as a mixture of C3 and C4 to rank the effects of different alkanes on the diffusion and distribution of oil molecules in pore. As water-alternating-alkane injection would bring water into the pores, our simulations included water. Our results indicate that alkane injection into sandstone reservoirs has a significant potential due to the fact that it effectively dilutes the oil. Water always wets quartz surface relative to the oils. Injection of water therefore should be effective in detaching oil molecules on the surface. Presence of water layers did not affect the diffusion coefficients of oil molecules.
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8

Evina Dibyantini, Ratu, and Widya Astuti. "Problems-Based Module Development on Alkene and Alkyne Materials in the Senior High School." In 2nd Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aisteel-17.2017.26.

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9

Grohmann, Jasper, Wolfgang Meier, and Manfred Aigner. "Gas Turbine Model Combustor Emissions of Liquid Single-Component Fuels." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63182.

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Alternative liquid fuels can contain hydrocarbons of different types and chain lengths and the fuel composition has an influence on combustion behavior. In this study, the influence of liquid single-component fuels on exhaust gas emissions of a gas turbine model combustor for swirl-stabilized spray flames was investigated under atmospheric pressure. The nozzle exhibited a dual-swirl geometry and a prefilming airblast atomizer. The spray was characterized by Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) and Mie scattering measurements and the flame CH* chemiluminescence was measured. Six single-component hydrocarbons were chosen: three linear alkanes (n-hexane, n-nonane, n-dodecane), one cyclic alkane (cyclohexane), one branched alkane (iso-octane) and one aromatic hydrocarbon (toluene). Kerosene Jet A-1 was used as a technical reference. Results show minor differences in CO emissions and significant differences in NOx emissions of the various fuels at comparable flow conditions and adiabatic flame temperatures. The measurements indicate a correlation between the nitric oxide emissions and the spray quality.
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Lowry, William, Jaap de Vries, Michael Krejci, Eric Petersen, Zeynep Serinyel, Wayne Metcalfe, Henry Curran, and Gilles Bourque. "Laminar Flame Speed Measurements and Modeling of Pure Alkanes and Alkane Blends at Elevated Pressures." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23050.

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Alkanes such as methane, ethane, and propane make up a large portion of most natural gas fuels. Natural gas is the primary fuel used in industrial gas turbines for power generation. Because of this, a fundamental understanding of the physical characteristics such as the laminar flame speed is necessary. Most importantly, this information is needed at elevated pressures to have the most relevance to the gas turbine industry for engine design. This study includes experiments performed at elevated pressures, up to 10-atm initial pressure, and investigates the fuels in a pure form as well as in binary blends. Flame speed modeling was done using an improved version of the kinetics model that the authors have been developing over the past few years. Modeling was performed for a wide range of conditions, including elevated pressures. Experimental conditions include pure methane, pure ethane, 80/20 mixtures of methane/ethane, and 60/40 mixtures of methane/ethane at initial pressures of 1, 5, and 10 atm. Also included in this study are pure propane and 80/20 methane/propane mixtures at 1 and 5 atm. The laminar flame speed and Markstein Length measurements were obtained from a high-pressure flame speed facility using a constant-volume vessel. The facility includes optical access, a high-speed camera, a schlieren optical setup, a mixing manifold, and an isolated control room. The experiments were performed at room temperature, and the resulting images were analyzed using linear regression. The experimental and modeling results are presented and compared to previously published data. The data herein agree well with the published data. In addition, a hybrid correlation was created to perform a rigorous uncertainty analysis. This correlation gives the total uncertainty of the experiment with respect to the true value rather than reporting the standard deviation of a repeated experiment. Included in the data set are high-pressure results at conditions where in many cases for the single-component fuels few data existed and for the binary blends no data existed prior to this study. Overall, the agreement between the model and data is excellent.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Alkane And Alkene"

1

Atwood, Jim, D. Catalytic Hydration of Alkenes and Alkynes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/808955.

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Crabtree, R. H. (Alkane photoreactions with mercury vapor). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6454222.

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Stambuli, James P., and S. M. Whittemore. Site-selective Alkane Dehydrogenation of Fatty Acids. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada566294.

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4

Scott Han. Millisecond Oxidation of Alkanes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1025808.

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Chio, Y. I., E. Choi, and H. G. Lorsch. Thermal analysis of n-alkane phase change material mixtures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6619165.

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Lyons, J. E. Catalytic conversion of light alkanes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7090637.

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Weinberg, W. H. Alkane activation and reactivity on iridium, platinum, and ruthenium surfaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6905440.

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Arnold, Frances H. Structural and Kinetic Studies of Novel Cytochrome P450 Small-Alkane Hydroxylases. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1035499.

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SENUM, G. I., and R. N. DIETZ. QUANTIFICATION OF FUGITIVE REACTIVE ALKENE EMISSIONS FROM PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS WITH PERFLUOROCARBON TRACERS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15008762.

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Tait, Steven. Single-Site Metal Organic Complexes on Oxide Supports for Selective Alkane Functionalization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1797443.

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