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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Alcohol metabolite"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Alcohol metabolite"

Xu, Jiayang, Xiaoyue Zhang, Lili Yan, Zhichao Zhang, Jing Wei, Luqi Li, and Qiang Zhang. "Insight into Lotusine and Puerarin in Repairing Alcohol-Induced Metabolic Disorder Based on UPLC-MS/MS." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (September 8, 2022): 10385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810385.

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Alcohol is an essential element in human culture. However, alcoholism has contributed to numerous health issues, including alcoholic fatty liver and sudden death. We found that the alkaloid lotusine possessed hepato- and neuroprotection against alcohol injuries. Lotusine showed comparable protective effects to puerarin, a widely recognized antagonist against alcohol damage. To better understand the metabolic response to alcohol injury and antagonist molecules, we applied sensitive zebrafish and LC-ESI-MS to collect metabolites related to alcohol, puerarin and lotusine exposure. LC-MS identified 119 metabolites with important physiological roles. Differential metabolomic analysis showed that alcohol caused abnormal expression of 82 metabolites (60 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated). These differential metabolites involved 18 metabolic pathways and modules, including apoptosis, necroptosis, nucleotide and fatty acid metabolism. Puerarin reversed seven metabolite variations induced by alcohol, which were related to necroptosis and sphingolipid metabolism. Lotusine was found to repair five metabolites disorders invoked by alcohol, mainly through nucleotide metabolism and glutathione metabolism. In phenotypic bioassay, lotusine showed similar activities to puerarin in alleviating behavioral abnormalities, neuroapoptosis and hepatic lipid accumulation induced by alcohol exposure. Our findings provided a new antagonist, lotusine, for alcohol-induced damage and explored the roles in repairing abnormal metabolism.

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Lapadatescu, Carmen, Christian Giniès, Jean-Luc Le Quéré, and Pascal Bonnarme. "Novel Scheme for Biosynthesis of Aryl Metabolites from l-Phenylalanine in the FungusBjerkandera adusta." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 1517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.4.1517-1522.2000.

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ABSTRACT Aryl metabolite biosynthesis was studied in the white rot fungusBjerkandera adusta cultivated in a liquid medium supplemented with l-phenylalanine. Aromatic compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry following addition of labelled precursors (14C- and 13C-labelledl-phenylalanine), which did not interfere with fungal metabolism. The major aromatic compounds identified were benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde (bitter almond aroma), and benzoic acid. Hydroxy- and methoxybenzylic compounds (alcohols, aldehydes, and acids) were also found in fungal cultures. Intracellular enzymatic activities (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, aryl-alcohol oxidase, aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase, aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase, lignin peroxidase) and extracellular enzymatic activities (aryl-alcohol oxidase, lignin peroxidase), as well as aromatic compounds, were detected in B. adusta cultures. Metabolite formation required de novo protein biosynthesis. Our results show that l-phenylalanine was deaminated to trans-cinnamic acid by a phenylalanine ammonia lyase and trans-cinnamic acid was in turn converted to aromatic acids (phenylpyruvic, phenylacetic, mandelic, and benzoylformic acids); benzaldehyde was a metabolic intermediate. These acids were transformed into benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, and benzoic acid. Our findings support the hypothesis that all of these compounds are intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway froml-phenylalanine to aryl metabolites. Additionally,trans-cinnamic acid can also be transformed via β-oxidation to benzoic acid. This was confirmed by the presence of acetophenone as a β-oxidation degradation intermediate. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a β-oxidation sequence leading to benzoic acid synthesis has been found in a white rot fungus. A novel metabolic scheme for biosynthesis of aryl metabolites froml-phenylalanine is proposed.

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George, Donald A. "Permethrin and Its Two Metabolite Residues in Seven Agricultural Crops." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 68, no. 6 (November 1, 1985): 1160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/68.6.1160.

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Abstract Metabolite residues of permethrin are not reported in the literature for most agricultural crops. This paper reports residues of permethrin and its 2 metabolites (dichlorovinyl acid and metaphenoxybenzyl alcohol) in 7 different agricultural crops (Chinese cabbage, spinach, asparagus, raspberries, green peas, turnip roots, and turnip greens). Permethrin residues declined approximately 85% within 7 days after treatment in all crops. In most cases, the acid metabolite residues peaked at 3 days, and declined after that. Translocation of residues into turnip roots was very slight; the average was less than 0.05 ppm for permethrin and alcohol metabolite residues and none was detected for the acid metabolite residue. Permethrin residues in the turnip greens averaged approximately 2 ppm for the 0.112 kg ai/ha treatment, and 6 ppm for the 0.224 kg ai/ha treatment.

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Hardikar, Sheetal, Richard D. Albrechtsen, David Achaintre, Tengda Lin, Svenja Pauleck, Mary Playdon, Andreana N. Holowatyj, et al. "Impact of Pre-Blood Collection Factors on Plasma Metabolomic Profiles." Metabolites 10, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10050213.

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Demographic, lifestyle and biospecimen-related factors at the time of blood collection can influence metabolite levels in epidemiological studies. Identifying the major influences on metabolite concentrations is critical to designing appropriate sample collection protocols and considering covariate adjustment in metabolomics analyses. We examined the association of age, sex, and other short-term pre-blood collection factors (time of day, season, fasting duration, physical activity, NSAID use, smoking and alcohol consumption in the days prior to collection) with 133 targeted plasma metabolites (acylcarnitines, amino acids, biogenic amines, sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, and hexoses) among 108 individuals that reported exposures within 48 h before collection. The differences in mean metabolite concentrations were assessed between groups based on pre-collection factors using two-sided t-tests and ANOVA with FDR correction. Percent differences in metabolite concentrations were negligible across season, time of day of collection, fasting status or lifestyle behaviors at the time of collection, including physical activity or the use of tobacco, alcohol or NSAIDs. The metabolites differed in concentration between the age and sex categories for 21.8% and 14.3% metabolites, respectively. In conclusion, extrinsic factors in the short period prior to collection were not meaningfully associated with concentrations of selected endogenous metabolites in a cross-sectional sample, though metabolite concentrations differed by age and sex. Larger studies with more coverage of the human metabolome are warranted.

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Langenau, Julia, Kolade Oluwagbemigun, Christian Brachem, Wolfgang Lieb, Romina di Giuseppe, Anna Artati, Gabi Kastenmüller, Leonie Weinhold, Matthias Schmid, and Ute Nöthlings. "Blood Metabolomic Profiling Confirms and Identifies Biomarkers of Food Intake." Metabolites 10, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10110468.

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Metabolomics can be a tool to identify dietary biomarkers. However, reported food-metabolite associations have been inconsistent, and there is a need to explore further associations. Our aims were to confirm previously reported food-metabolite associations and to identify novel food-metabolite associations. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from 849 participants (57% men) of the PopGen cohort. Dietary intake was obtained using FFQ and serum metabolites were profiled by an untargeted metabolomics approach. We conducted a systematic literature search to identify previously reported food-metabolite associations and analyzed these associations using linear regression. To identify potential novel food-metabolite associations, datasets were split into training and test datasets and linear regression models were fitted to the training datasets. Significant food-metabolite associations were evaluated in the test datasets. Models were adjusted for covariates. In the literature, we identified 82 food-metabolite associations. Of these, 44 associations were testable in our data and confirmed associations of coffee with 12 metabolites, of fish with five, of chocolate with two, of alcohol with four, and of butter, poultry and wine with one metabolite each. We did not identify novel food-metabolite associations; however, some associations were sex-specific. Potential use of some metabolites as biomarkers should consider sex differences in metabolism.

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Homann. "Alcohol and cancer." Therapeutische Umschau 57, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.57.4.236.

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Alkohol stellt neben Rauchen den Hauptrisikofaktor in der Entstehung bösartiger Tumoren im oberen Verdauungstrakt (Mund-Rachen-Bereich, Kehlkopf und Speiseröhre) dar. Neben dem hepatozellulären Karzinom konnte durch neuere Studien gezeigt werden, daß Alkohol auch ein Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung eines Malignoms in Brust und Kolon ist. Tierexperimentelle Daten legen nahe, daß Alkohol kein Karzinogen ist, wohl aber unter bestimmten Bedingungen als ein Tumorpromoter und Kokarzinogen wirkt. Neuere Studien lassen den Schluß zu, daß ein Großteil der karzinogenen Wirkung von Alkohol nicht durch Alkohol selbst, sondern durch seinen ersten Metaboliten Azetaldehyd vermittelt wird. Weitere, für alle Tumorarten zutreffende systemische, tumorfördernde Wirkungen von Alkohol umfassen eine erhöhte Löslichkeit anderer Karzinogene, Induktion des Cytochrom P450IIE1 mit Bildung toxischer Metabolite und Aktivierung von Prokarzinogenen, verminderte Bioverfügbarkeit krebsprotektiver Substanzen beim Alkoholiker, gestörte Detoxifikation durch Alkohol und eine herabgesetzte Immunfunktion.

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Hasken, Julie M., Marlene M. de Vries, Anna-Susan Marais, Philip A. May, Charles D. H. Parry, Soraya Seedat, Sandra M. Mooney, and Susan M. Smith. "Untargeted Metabolome Analysis of Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancies Reveals Metabolite Differences That Are Associated with Infant Birth Outcomes." Nutrients 14, no. 24 (December 17, 2022): 5367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14245367.

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Prenatal alcohol exposure can produce offspring growth deficits and is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disability. We used untargeted metabolomics to generate mechanistic insight into how alcohol impairs fetal development. In the Western Cape Province of South Africa, 52 women between gestational weeks 5–36 (mean 18.5 ± 6.5) were recruited, and they provided a finger-prick fasting bloodspot that underwent mass spectrometry. Metabolomic data were analyzed using partial least squares-discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) to identify metabolites that correlated with alcohol exposure and infant birth outcomes. Women who consumed alcohol in the past seven days were distinguished by a metabolite profile that included reduced sphingomyelins, cholesterol, and pregnenolones, and elevated fatty acids, acyl and amino acyl carnitines, and androsterones. Using PLS-DA, 25 of the top 30 metabolites differentiating maternal groups were reduced by alcohol with medium-chain free fatty acids and oxidized sugar derivatives having the greatest influence. A separate ortho-PLS-DA analysis identified a common set of 13 metabolites that were associated with infant length, weight, and head circumference. These included monoacylglycerols, glycerol-3-phosphate, and unidentified metabolites, and most of their associations were negative, implying they represent processes having adverse consequences for fetal development.

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Jala, Venkatakrishna R., Rajbir Singh, Sandeep Chandrashekharappa, Swathi Joshi-Barve, Craig McClain, Bodduluri Bodduluri, and Praveen Kumar Vemula. "Gut microbial metabolites as therapeutics to treat of alcoholic liver disease." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 83.17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.83.17.

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Abstract Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is resultant of excessive consumption of alcohol. ALD is the world’s third largest risk factor for diseases and disabilities and accounting for 5.9% of all deaths worldwide. ALD patients exhibit increased gut permeability, gut microbial dysbiosis, endotoxemia and hepatic steatosis. Recent studies, unequivocally demonstrated the importance of gut microbiota and their metabolites in regulating host pathophysiology. Urolithin A (UroA) is a gut microbial metabolite derived from dietary ellagic acid and ellagitannins containing foods. Previously, we showed that UroA act as an AhR agonist and activate AhR-Nrf2 pathways to induce tight junction proteins and enhance gut barrier function. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that correcting gut barrier dysfunction, blocking inflammation and reducing hepatic steatosis simultaneously by UroA would provide better therapeutic options to treat ALD. Our studies suggested that UroA significantly induced expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins (Occludin, Cldn4 and ZO1) in AhR-Nrf2 dependent manner and protected from alcohol-induced downregulation of TJ proteins and reduced gut barrier leakage. Further, UroA attenuated ALD pathogenesis in both acute and chronic experimental mouse models by reducing alcohol induced barrier permeability, systemic endotoxin levels and inflammatory mediators. In these models, UroA treatment also significantly reduced alcohol induced liver ALT/AST levels, inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and triglyceride levels as well as prevented liver damage. In summary, these studies highlight that the mechanisms of microbial metabolite, UroA and its multi-pronged beneficial effects in attenuating ALD.

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Wang, Ning, Bogdan Szostek, Robert C. Buck, Patrick W. Folsom, Lisa M. Sulecki, and John T. Gannon. "8-2 Fluorotelomer alcohol aerobic soil biodegradation: Pathways, metabolites, and metabolite yields." Chemosphere 75, no. 8 (May 2009): 1089–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.033.

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Azizov, Vugar, and Mario M. Zaiss. "Alcohol Consumption in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Path through the Immune System." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041324.

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Benefits and harms of different components of human diet have been known for hundreds of years. Alcohol is one the highest consumed, abused, and addictive substances worldwide. Consequences of alcohol abuse are increased risks for diseases of the cardiovascular system, liver, and nervous system, as well as reduced immune system function. Paradoxically, alcohol has also been a consistent protective factor against the development of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we focused on summarizing current findings on the effects of alcohol, as well as of its metabolites, acetaldehyde and acetate, on the immune system and RA. Heavy or moderate alcohol consumption can affect intestinal barrier integrity, as well as the microbiome, possibly contributing to RA. Additionally, systemic increase in acetate negatively affects humoral immune response, diminishing TFH cell as well as professional antigen-presenting cell (APC) function. Hence, alcohol consumption has profound effects on the efficacy of vaccinations, but also elicits protection against autoimmune diseases. The mechanism of alcohol’s negative effects on the immune system is multivariate. Future studies addressing alcohol and its metabolite acetate’s effect on individual components of the immune system remains crucial for our understanding and development of novel therapeutic pathways.

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Дисертації з теми "Alcohol metabolite"

Dumschott, Kathryn Emily. "Physiological, chemical and molecular characterisation of sugar alcohol accumulation in Leguminosae." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17884.

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Sugar alcohols accumulate across a broad range of plant genera, often to concentrations exceeding that of soluble carbohydrates. While there is a general consensus on the function of sugar alcohols based on their physiochemical properties, gaps remain in understanding conditions that elicit sugar alcohol accumulation and its molecular control. Through a series of chemical, molecular, and physiological techniques, this thesis investigates the complexity of D-pinitol accumulation within the Leguminosae system and the transcriptional responses of key genes governing D-pinitol biosynthesis. In addition, naturally occurring compound specific carbon isotope abundances are used to evaluate the influence of D-pinitol synthesis on modelling water use efficiency. Assessing the chemical composition of the soluble leaf fraction found that DPinitol significantly increased over development in both chickpea (Cicer arietinum) grown in field and in soybean (Glycine max) grown under controlled environmental conditions. Compound specific carbon isotope abundance (δ13C) in samples collected from chickpea grown in field and soybean grown under elevated atmospheric CO2 established that concentrations of D-pinitol in the soluble fraction coupled with high Δ13C of the D-pinitol pool imparts a substantial influence over predictions of water use efficiency modelled from the leaf soluble fraction. Quantitative molecular investigations found that the inositol-1-phosphate synthase (INPS) gene is transcriptionally up regulated in response to a gradual water deficit in soybean grown in controlled conditions. While future studies must consider a wider range of legume species and genotypes when investigating sugar alcohol biosynthesis, the studies presented here suggest that the accumulation of D-pinitol in legumes is a good candidate for the improvement of plant performance and resilience.

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Fang, Che. "Cytokines, alcohol metabolizing enzymes and stress-inducible ER proteins in alcoholic liver disease /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4160-2/.

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Treloar, Tony. "Ethanol metabolites in alcohol abuse /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18115.pdf.

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Lee, Matthew L., and Jonathan M. Peterson. "Ethanol Disrupts Metabolic Signaling in Liver Cells." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/69.

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Alcohol abuse is the third leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Excessive intake of alcohol can result to alcoholic fatty liver disease, the number one cause of live related mortalities in the US. The outlining purpose for this project is to determine the alcohol-induced changes in the liver cell protein signaling. For this project, we treated H4IIE rat hepatoma cells (with 100 and 200 mM ethanol overnight). H4IIE cells were chosen because they are a commonly used liver cell culture line that maintains characteristics of intact liver cells. After treatment we collected and prepared the cells for protein signaling analysis, using standard western blotting procedure. A western blot detects relative quantity of proteins in a sample. Briefly, protein samples are separated by size through electrophoresis, smaller proteins move faster through the gel so that the larger proteins are toward the top and smaller towards the bottom. The proteins are then transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane and protein concentration is detected by chemiluminescence. We chose to examine the effects of ethanol on the activation of the key regulator of metabolic signaling, Protein Kinase B/Akt (Akt). Based on our results, ethanol has no effect on the total amount of Akt in the H4IIE liver cells. However, ethanol significantly attenuates insulin-induced activation of Akt in a dose-dependent manner, as seen by a reduction in the amount of phosphorylated Akt. Therefore, we conclude that treatments that increase Akt activation may be a viable option for the treatment of alcoholic fatty liver disease.

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Webster, Gregory Daniel. "Modeling of Ethanol Metabolism and Transdermal Transport." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33456.

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Approximately 14,500 people were killed in traffic crashes where the driver was legally intoxicated in 2005, constituting 33% of all traffic fatalities that year. While social efforts to reduce the number of traffic fatalities have shown to be moderately successful, alcohol has remained a factor in 40% of all traffic deaths over the past decade. Transdermal ethanol detection is a promising method that could prevent drunk driving if integrated into an ignition interlock system; potentially preventing 90 million drunk driving trips a year in the US. However, experimental data from previous research has shown significant time delays between alcohol ingestion and detection at the skin which makes real time estimation of blood alcohol concentration via skin measurement difficult. Using a validated model we studied the effects that body weight, metabolic rate and ethanol dose had on the time lag between the blood alcohol concentration and transdermal alcohol concentration. The dose of alcohol ingested was found to have the most significant effect on the skin alcohol lag time. Additionally, custom transdermal ethanol sensors were designed and fabricated and a pilot study on human subjects was conducted to determine if inexpensive transdermal ethanol sensors could be used to detect alcohol in drivers.
Master of Science

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Sliwa, Dariusz Adam. "Kinetic, Mechanistic, and Structural Investigation of Features Controlling Stereoselectivity of (R)- and (S)-Hydroxypropyl CoM Dehydrogenases from Xanthobacter autrophicus Strain Py2." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/755.

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Enantiopure alcohols are valuable intermediates in fine organic synthesis, in particular for preparation of biologically active compounds. The necessity of preparing single enantiomer drugs in an optically pure form has triggered much research, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. The biocatalytical production of chiral alcohols by alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes is characterized by the asymmetric reduction of the corresponding ketones, usually with high degree of stereoselectivity. The commercial value of the enzymes as stereoselective biocatalysts has been a significant driving force in understanding features that control their mechanism of catalysis and stereoselectivity. This work focuses on two enantiocomplementary dehydrogenase enzymes ((R)- and 2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-CoM (HPC) dehydrogenases (DH)) of the epoxide carboxylation pathway in Xanthobacter autotrophicus strain Py2. The main goal of this dissertation is to kinetically, mechanistically and structurally characterize S-HPCDH and through the comparison studies with R-HPCDH reveal the basis for high degree of stereoselectivity exhibited by both enzymes. Analysis of the molecular structure of R-HPCDH and the homology model of S-HPCDH suggests a mechanism of substrate specificity in which the binding of the substrate sulfonate moiety at distinct sites on each stereoselective enzyme directs the orientation of the appropriate substrate enantiomer for the hydride abstraction. The positively charged residues responsible for binding the CoM moiety of the substrate were identified in R-HPCDH (Arg152 and Arg196), and in S-HPCDH (Arg211 and Lys214). Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed their importance in binding and orienting physiological substrates, but not the substrates lacking the CoM moiety. Extensive kinetic and mechanistic characterization of S-HPCDH reveals its key catalytic features similar to those of R-HPCDH, but also points out a few important differences. Furthermore, the role of the methionine residues flanking the substrate in the active site of both dehydrogenases was investigated. Substitution of these residues to alanine resulted in enzymes with significantly altered catalytic parameters and suggested their importance in binding and catalysis. Additionally, the X-ray crystal structures of the Met187Ala and Met192Ala mutants of R-HPCDH have revealed their role as "gate keepers," protecting the active site from the surrounding solvent. Kinetic analysis of Met187Leu and Met192Leu mutants implied a structural, rather than catalytic function of the methionines. It is proposed that steric clashes of the terminal methyl group of the HPC substrates with the nicotinamide ring of NAD+ are a major determinant of the enantioselectivity in S-HPCDH. This research provides the first side-by-side characterization of a pair of short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) enzymes expressed simultaneously to act on two enantiomers of the same alcohol produced in a metabolic pathway. The R-HPCDH and S-HPCDH enzymes are distinguished from all other known members of the SDR family in using the novel sulfonate functional group of coenzyme M as a handle for chiral discrimination. These results provide a standard for examining the molecular basis of stereoselectivity in other such enzyme pairs.

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Humeniuk, Rachel. "Alcohol withdrawal syndrome : characterisation, predictors of severity, and relationship to relapse /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh9225.pdf.

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Simon, András. "The molecular biology of retinoid metabolism : identification of an 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase in the retinal pigment epithelium /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/search/diss.se.cfm?19980508simo.

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Romert, Anna. "Retinol dehydrogenases in retinoid metabolism : studies on a 9-cis/11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase in adult and embryonic tissues /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4336-2/.

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Ramió, Pujol Sara. "Insights into key parameters for bio-alcohol production in syngas fermentation using model carboxydotrophic bacteria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/388041.

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This doctoral thesis deals with the synthesis of two biofuels (bioethanol and biobuthanol) by bacteria. Concretely, the thesis is focused on a group of bacteria able to grow in a simple substrate such as synthesis gas or syngas. Syngas is a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide obtained through the gasification of urban and forestry wastes. The use of syngas as a substrate requires a good knowledge of bacterial metabolism to successfully control acid production and promote alcohol synthesis. To acquire this knowledge, the researcher carried out a set of experiments at lab scale, always using syngas. Among the most significant results, there is the relevance of both the temperature and the bacteria state at the start of the experiments. Additionally, new insights into bacterial metabolism which are applicable at industrial scale were gathered.
Aquesta tesi doctoral tracta la producció de dos biocombustibles – el bioetanol i el bioalcohol - per mitjà de microorganismes. En concret, la tesi s'ha centrat en un grup de bacteris capaços de sintetitzar bioalcohols a partir del gas de síntesis o syngas. El syngas és una mescla d’hidrogen, diòxid de carboni i monòxid de carboni que s’obté mitjançant la gasificació de diferents tipus de residus. L’ús d’aquest gas com a substrat requereix un bon coneixement del metabolisme dels bacteris involucrats a fi de controlar amb èxit la producció d'àcids i afavorir la d'alcohols. Aquest coneixement s'ha adquirit amb una sèrie d'experiments avançats a escala de laboratori. Entre els resultats més significatius destaca la rellevància que ha demostrat tenir la temperatura en què creixen els bacteris i l’estat del bacteri en el moment d’inici dels experiments. També s’han aportat nous coneixements sobre el metabolisme bacterià que són aplicables a escala industrial.

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Книги з теми "Alcohol metabolite"

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U.S.), ed. Alcohol metabolism. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, 1997.

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Agarwal, Dharam P., and H. Werner Goedde. Alcohol Metabolism, Alcohol Intolerance, and Alcoholism. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74904-9.

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E, Crow Kathryn, and Batt Richard D. 1923-, eds. Human metabolism of alcohol. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1989.

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International Workshop on the Enzymology and Molecular Biology of the Carbonyl Metabolism. Enzymology and molecular biology of carbonyl metabolism 3. New York: Plennum Press, 1991.

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National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U.S.), ed. Alcohol Alert, Alcohol Metabolism, No. 35, January 1997. [S.l: s.n., 1998.

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Henry, Weiner, Crabb David W, Flynn T. Geoffrey, and International Workshop on Enzymology and Molecular Biology of Carbonyl Metabolism (6th : 1992 : Dublin, Ireland), eds. Enzymology and molecular biology of carbonyl metabolism 4. New York: Plenum Press, 1993.

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1940-, Collins Michael A., International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism. Congress, and Research Society on Alcoholism (U.S.). Meeting, eds. Aldehyde adducts in alcoholism. New York: Liss, 1985.

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Bonte, Wolfgang. Begleitstoffe alkoholischer Getränke: Biogenese, Vorkommen, Pharmakologie, Physiologie und Begutachtung. Lübeck: Schmidt-Römhild, 1987.

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W, Goedde H., ed. Alcohol metabolism, alcohol intolerance, and alcoholism: Biochemical and pharmacogenetic approaches. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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International, Symposium for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (1988 Taipei Taiwan). Molecular mechanisms of alcohol: Neurobiology and metabolism. Clifton, N.J: Humana Press, 1989.

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Частини книг з теми "Alcohol metabolite"

Gessner, Peter K., and Teresa Gessner. "Disulfiram therapy of alcohol abuse." In Disulfiram and its Metabolite, Diethyldithiocarbamate, 205–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2328-0_11.

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Wurst, Friedrich Martin, Joerg Metzger, Katja Jachau, Stephan Seidl, Lutz Pridzun, Ines Janda, and Andreas Alt. "The direct ethanol metabolite ethyl glucuronide: A specific marker of recent alcohol consumption." In New and Upcoming Markers of Alcohol Consumption, 62–74. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96008-6_5.

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Roberts, Roderick K., Anastacio M. Hoyumpa, George I. Henderson, and Steven Schenker. "Alcohol-Induced Encephalopathy." In Cerebral Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Encephalopathy, 361–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1209-3_16.

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Kowaltowski, Alicia, and Fernando Abdulkader. "Alcohol Metabolism." In Where Does All That Food Go?, 79–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50968-2_7.

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Rogosa, Morrison, Micah I. Krichevsky, and Rita R. Colwell. "Alcohol Metabolism." In Springer Series in Microbiology, 167–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4986-3_28.

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Tewari, Sujata, and Igor A. Sytinsky. "Alcohol." In Alterations of Metabolites in the Nervous System, 219–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6740-7_9.

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Denaro, Charles P., and Neal L. Benowitz. "Caffeine Metabolism." In Liver Pathology and Alcohol, 513–39. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0421-3_19.

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Agarwal, Dharam P., and H. Werner Goedde. "Alcohol Metabolism: Biochemistry and Genetic Variations." In Alcohol Metabolism, Alcohol Intolerance, and Alcoholism, 6–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74904-9_2.

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Agarwal, Dharam P., and H. Werner Goedde. "Introduction." In Alcohol Metabolism, Alcohol Intolerance, and Alcoholism, 1–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74904-9_1.

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Agarwal, Dharam P., and H. Werner Goedde. "Alcohol-Metabolizing Enzymes and Acute Reactions to Alcohol." In Alcohol Metabolism, Alcohol Intolerance, and Alcoholism, 52–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74904-9_3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Alcohol metabolite"

Cunha, Heloíza Rabêlo, Johann Victor Neves de Souza, Ana Luzia Ferreira Farias, Patrick de Castro Cantuária, and Sheylla Susan Moreira da Silva de Almeida. "Obtaining alcoholic extract from leaves from species Sapindus Saponarial. (sapindaceae) for phytochemical analysis." In II INTERNATIONAL SEVEN MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeinternationalanais-020.

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Abstract Phytochemical analysis aims to know the secondary metabolites. According to Simões et. al. (2010), metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that are continuously occurring in each cell, being divided into primary and secondary. Beings and general m have primary metabolism (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids). Plants, micro-organisms and a few animals also have secondary metabolism (whose products, although not necessarily essential for the producing organism, guarantee advantages for their survival and the perpetuation of their species, in its ecosystem). Such metabolites can trigger reactions in the body, which according to dosage can be toxic or beneficial, which is why there is interest in the study of plant extracts (FRANCO et al., 2021).

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Lazko, Alexey, Larisa Udochkina, and Nina Losovskaya. "Histochemical changes of the lung tissue in experimental chronic alcoholic intoxication." In Innovations in Medical Science and Education. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsms.nrjc3772.

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Among organ systems in the human body affected by alcohol abuse, the lungs are particularly vulnerable to infections and injury. Chronic alcoholism causesalterations in host defence of the upper and lower airways, disruption of alveolar epithelial barrier integrity, alcohol-induced ciliary lesions and alveolar macrophages dysfunction. Currently with a spread of SARS-COV 2 infections which instantly destroys the lung tissue, the alcohol-induced lung damage issues acquire vital importance, as they might further increase severity of lesions of lung tissue in the infected alcohol abusers.Recent investigations suggest that the effect of the chronic excessive alcohol consumption and SARS-COV 2 infection on the lungs might have similar and thus synergizing mechanisms. Therefore the mechanism of the lung tissue lesions in chronic alcohol intoxication need to be scrutinized, including the time-line of their development, to be able to develop more effective preventive measures. The objective of the study is to assess histochemical changes in the lung tissue of laboratory animals with chronic alcohol intoxication of different duration. Total of 48 outbred male white mice weighing 18-22 g were enrolled in the study. The experimental animals were exposed to alcohol for 1, 2 and 3 months by the semi-voluntary intake, using 20% alcohol as the only source of fluid, while control animals were getting drinking water. At the end of experiment the lung tissue of the mice was processed histologically and histochemically for alcoholic dehydrogenase (ADH), glucose-6-phasphate-dehydrogenae (G6PDH), alkaline (ALP) and acidic (AP) phosphatases, nonspecific esterase (NE) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Image analysis of the histological slides was performed using Image Pro Plus software. Statistical differences were assessed using paired t-test. Chronic alcohol consumption causes metabolic lesions in the alveolar epithelium and endothelium of alveolar capillaries revealed by an increase in the activity of ADH, G6PD and NE paralleled with a decrease in the total SDH activity of the respiratory portion of the lungs in a time-related pattern. High activity of alkaline phosphatase was noted in endothelial cells of lung capillaries. Thus, under conditions of chronic intoxication, ethanol disturbs cell metabolism, as evidenced by the changes of the enzymatic activity in the lung tissue which leads to inhibition of oxygen-dependent metabolic processes and activation of reserve mechanisms for compensating of energy deficits.

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Seraidarian, Marina Buldrini Filogônio, Daniel Vasconcelos de Pinho Tavares, Tassila Oliveira Nery de Freitas, Paolla Giovanna Rossito de Magalhães, Gabriella Braga da Cunha Silva, Barbara Oliveira Paixao, Maíra Cardoso Aspahan, and Rodrigo Santiago Gomez. "Diethylene glycol poisoning: report of two cases due to brewery contamination." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.174.

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Context: Diethylene glycol (DEG) is an alcohol used as industrial antifreeze. Poisoning is usually accidental and involves contamination of food and beverage. We report two cases of DEG poisoning (DEGP) resulting from ingestion of beer in 2020. Case report: ACMO, male, 57 year-old, admitted with bilateral visual turbidity complaint. Laboratory showed renal dysfunction (Cr 11 mg/dl, Ur 202 mg/dl), increased anion GAP (AG) and metabolic acidosis. He evolved with amaurosis, facial diplegia, tetraparesis and areflexia. He was discharged after prolonged hospitalization with severe motor impairment, bilateral amaurosis and under dialysis therapy. RJB, 75 year-old alcoholic male patient, reported 600 ml/day ingestion of high-risk beer in the month preceding his hospitalization. He was admitted with nausea, abdominal pain, renal failure (Cr 11 mg/dl, Ur 177 mg/dl), metabolic acidosis and AG 21. He developed bilateral papilla edema, flaccid tetraparesis, areflexia, dysautonomy, respiratory failure and death. Conclusions: DEG metabolites primarily target kidneys and nervous system. Patients shortly develop nephroneural syndrome characterized by acute oligoanuric renal injury with metabolic acidosis and increased AG, associated with peripheral polyneuropathy with involvement of cranial nerves, in addition to optic neuropathy. Due to the poorly available serum dosage, rapid recognition of DEGP is essential to institute early treatment and identification of the source of the intoxication in order to prevent mass poisoning.

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Liang, Jingtong, and Zhe Wu. "Gene Circuit Construction and Simulation in Probiotics to Metabolize Alcohol." In ICBBS 2022: 2022 11th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Science. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3571532.3571544.

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Uhrinova, Anna, Lucia Ungvarska Malucka, and Martin Pavlik. "MEDICINAL FUNGI OF THE GENERA OPHIOCORDYCEPS SINENSIS AND PAECILOMYCES HEPIALI." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/6.1/s25.12.

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Various secondary metabolites isolated from Ophiocordyceps sinensis, the Chinese caterpillar fungus, have been reported to possess high therapeutic potential. Paecilomyces hepiali has even more biologically important chemical components with interesting pharmacological activity. Traditional Chinese medicine uses Ophiocordyceps sinensis to treat lung and respiratory system problems, hyposexuality, hypolipidemia kidney, or liver, heart, and immune system conditions. In addition, it has been used to treat various forms of cancer, especially in addition to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The objective of the present study was to determine the antioxidant activity of metabolites isolated from medicinal fungi of the genera Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Paecilomyces hepiali cultivated on two types of rice (Oryza sativa var. indica and Oryza sativa var. japonica). Antioxidant activity was determined by applying the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method to alcoholic extracts of O. sinensis and P. hepiali strains. Samples were prepared using reflux extractions. Refluxing produced the highest extraction yield. The highest extraction yield was achieved for the O. sinensis (4OS, 9.86 %) sample grown on Oryza sativa var. japonica. The highest scavenging ability for the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical was observed for the extract of Paecilomyces hepiali cultivated on Oryza sativa var. japonica (Sample 5PH: IC50DPPH 3.03 mg/mL). The chemical structure of the alcohol extracts was determined by NMR spectroscopy. Unsaturated fatty acids (Z-oleic acid, linoleic acid and D-mannitol) were identified as the major components of the extracts.

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"Role of Zinc on Ethanol Metabolism in Intestine of Alcohol Intoxicated Rats." In International Conference on Biological, Chemical and Environmental Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c614013.

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Ji, Cheng. "P237 Enzyme complexes of alcohol metabolism protect against liver injury in animal models fed acute alcohol and anti-HIV drugs." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.373.

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Rodimova, Svetlana A., Vadim V. Elagin, Maria M. Karabut, Nikolay Bobrov, Evgenia Arkhipova, Tatiana Solovyova, Vladimir E. Zagainov, Elena V. Zagaynova, and Daria S. Kuznetsova. "Metabolic imaging reveals a non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis." In Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences XXII, edited by Ammasi Periasamy, Peter T. So, and Karsten König. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2608131.

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Evans, William, Jazmine Eccles, and William Baldwin. "Changes in Energy Metabolism Induced by PFOS and Dietary Oxylipins." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/jnpe5541.

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CYP2B6 is a drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) that has anti-obesity properties, but also increases non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in hCYP2B6-transgenic mice compared to Cyp2b-null mice. hCYP2B6-transgenic mice are also more susceptible to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) toxicity, a lipid-like toxicant used in stains, varnishes and firefighting foams that increase NAFLD. Our recent research demonstrates that CYP2B6 metabolizes dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids into the oxylipins, 9-HODE and 9-HOTre, which are strong peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARa) agonists and weak PPARg agonists. The purpose of our studies is to better understand the mechanisms behind PFOS and oxylipin-mediated hepatic steatosis. To test whether PFOS, 9-HODE or 9-HOTrE alter mitochondrial metabolism, Seahorse Mitostress assays were performed using HepG2 cells treated with 0.2, 1 and 5mM PFOS, 9-HODE and 9-HOTrE for 24 hours (n=5). Both PFOS and 9-HOTrE increased spare respiratory capacity in a concentration-dependent manner with lesser effects by 9-HODE. qPCR was performed following exposure of HepG2 cells to 1 and 5 mM of each compound to investigate changes in gene expression that may explain alterations in mitochondrial respiration or hepatic steatosis. PFOS repressed expression of ANGPTL4, a biomarker of PPARgactivation. 9-HODE induced CD36 and FASN expression, genes involved in fatty acid uptake and synthesis. 9-HOTrE induced SREBF1 and Cpt1a expression, genes involved in sterol synthesis and fatty acid transport into the mitochondria and may partially explain the increase in SRC. Thus, based on current results, PFOS is associated with reduced transport of lipids from the liver and 9-HODE increases lipid uptake; both would increase steatosis through different mechanisms. 9-HOTre may increase metabolism and therefore reduce steatosis.

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Meng, Liangyu, Pengpeng Li, Yun Wang, Changlu Wang, Zhiwei Wang, and Zhizhou Zhang. "Gene Network Study Revealed Molecular Links Among Genes for Alcohol Metabolism and Breast Cancer Susceptibility." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162878.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Alcohol metabolite"

Jin, Dachuan, Gao Peng, Shunqin Jin, Tao Zhou, Baoqiang Guo, and Guangming Li. Comparison of therapeutic effects of anti-diabetic drugs on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients without diabetes: A network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0014.

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Review question / Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of different anti-diabetic drugs in the treatment of non-diabetic non-alcoholic disease by network meta-analysis, and find the best intervention. Condition being studied: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the disease in which the liver fat content exceeds 5%, and excludes the secondary causes of alcohol, infection, drugs or other specific metabolic diseases. As a spectrum of disorders, it includes hepatocyte steatosis and steatohepatitis at the initial stage, liver fibrosis at the later stage, cirrhosis at the final stage, and even liver cancer. Nowadays Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in the world with an incidence rate as high as 25% which has been rising steadily worldwide in the past 30 years. Currently there are still no approved specific therapeutic agents and global treatment guidelines for NAFLD. For non-diabetic NAFLD, there is far from a consensus, too.

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Pesis, Edna, and Mikal Saltveit. Postharvest Delay of Fruit Ripening by Metabolites of Anaerobic Respiration: Acetaldehyde and Ethanol. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604923.bard.

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The use of pretreatments for 24 h prior to storage, under anaerobic condtions, or in the presence of the natural metabolic products, acetaldehyde (AA) and ethanol, to delay fruit ripening, was found to be effective with several climacteric fruits, among them avocado, mango, peach and tomato. The delay in ripening of avocado, peach and tomato was accompanied by inhibition of ethylene production and of fruit softening. The maintenance of fruit firmness was associated with a decrease in the activities of cell-wall-degrading enzymes, including endoglucanases (Cx), polygalacturonases (PG) and b-galactosidases. In peaches the AA- and N2-treated fruits were firmer after 3 weeks storage and contained higher amount of insoluble pectin than untreated controls. We showed that AA vapors are able to inhibit ripening, ethylene production and ethylene induction in the presence of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ADD) in avocado and mango tissue. Ethylene induced by ACC is taken as an indicator of ACC oxidase activity. ACC oxidase activity in AA-treated avocado fruit was much lower than in the untreated fruit. In carnation flowers very little ethylene was produced by ethanol-treated flowers, and the normal increases in ACC content and ACC oxidase activity were also suppressed. Using kinetic studies and inhibitors of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), we showed that AA, not ethanol, was the active molecule in inhibiting ripening of tomato fruit. Application of anaerobiosis or anaerobic metabolites was effective in reduction of chilling injury (CI) in various plant tissues. Pretreatment with a low-O2 atmosphere reduced CI symptoms in avocado; this effect was associated with higher content of the free sylfhydryl (SH) group, and induction of the detoxification enzymes, catalase and peroxidase. Application of AA maintained firmer and brighter pulp tissue (non-oxidative), which was associated with higher free SH content, lower ethylene and ACC oxidase activities, and higher activities of catalase and peroxidase. Ethanol was found to reduce CI in other plant tissue. In roots of 24-h-old germinated cucumber seeds, exposure to 0.4-M ethanol shock for 4 h reduced chilling-induced ion leakage. In cucumber cotyledons it appears that alcohols may reduce CI by inducing stomata closure. In cotyledon discs held in N2 at 10C for 1 day, there accumulated sufficient endogenously synthesized ethanol to confer tolerance to chilling at 2.5C for 5 days.

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Dudareva, Natalia, Alexander Vainstein, Eran Pichersky, and David Weiss. Integrating biochemical and genomic approaches to elucidate C6-C2 volatile production: improvement of floral scent and fruit aroma. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7696514.bard.

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The specific objectives of approved proposal include to: 1. Elucidate the C6-C2 biochemical pathways leading to the biosynthesis of phenylacetaldehyde, phenylethyl alcohol and phenylethyl acetate in floral tissues of ornamentally important plants, pefunia and roses. 2. Isolate and characterrze genes responsible for the production of these C6-C2 compounds and those involved in the regulation of the pathway using genomic and transcriptomic tools. 3. Determine whether altering the expression of key genes of this pathway can result in changing the aroma characteristics of flowers. Aldehydes are intermediates in a variety of biochemical pathways including those involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, vitamins, steroids, amino acids, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, hormones, and lipids. In plants they are also synthesized in response to environmental stresses such as salinity, cold, and heat shock or as flavors and aromas in fruits and flowers. Phenylacetaldehyde along with 2-phenylethanol and its acetate ester, are important scent compounds in numerous flowers, including petunias and roses. However, little is known about the biosynthesis of these volatile compounds in plants. We have shown that the formation PHA and 2-phenylethanol from Phe does not occur via trans-cinnamic acid and instead competes with the key enzyme of phenypropanoid metabolism Pheammonia-lyase (PAL) for Phe utilization. Using functional genomic approach and comparative gene expression profiling, we have isolated and characterized a novel enzyme from petunia and rose flowers that catalyzes the formation of the Ca-Czcompound phenylacetaldehyde (PHA) from L-phenylalanine (Phe) by the removal of both the carboxyl and amino groups. This enzyme, designated as phenylacetaldehyde synthases (PAAS), is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the unprecedented efficient coupling of phenylalanine decarboxylation to oxidation, generating phenylacetaldehyde, CO2, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide in stoichiometric amounts. Down-regulation of PAAS expression via RNA interference-based (RNAi) technology in petunia resulted in no PHA emission when compared with controls. These plants also produced no 2-phenylethanol, supporting our conclusion that PHA is a precursor of 2-phenylethanol. To understand the regulation of scent formation in plants we have also generated transgenic petunia and tobacco plants expressing the rose alcohol acetyltransferase (RhAAT) gene under the control of a CaMV-35S promoter. Although the preferred substrate of RhAAT in vitro is geraniol, in transgenic petunia flowers, it used phenylethyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol to produce the corresponding acetate esters, not generated by control flowers. These results strongly point to the dependence of volatile production on substrate availability. Analysis of the diurnal regulation of scent production in rose flowers revealed that although the daily emission of most scent compounds is synchronized, various independently evolved mechanisms control the production, accumulation and release of different volatiles. This research resulted in a fundamental discovery of biochemical pathway, enzymes and genes involved in biosynthesis of C6-C2s compounds, and provided the knowledge for future engineering plants for improved scent quality.

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Moskalenko, O. L., O. V. Smirnova, E. V. Kasparov, and I. E. Kasparova. STRUCTURE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME AND NON-ALCOHOLIC FAT LIVER DISEASE. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2021-12-4-2-340-348.

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The article is devoted to the study of the psychological characteristics of the behavior of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The manifestations of NAFLD are a powerful frustrating factor for patients, negatively affect the quality of life, hinder psychosocial adaptation and serve as the basis for the formation of chronic stress from the disease, which blocks the actual needs of the individual. Psychological factors are an important component in the clinical assessment of patients in connection with the individualization of the treatment process and secondary psychoprophylaxis, including methods of somato-centered and personality-centered psychotherapy.

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Or, Etti, David Galbraith, and Anne Fennell. Exploring mechanisms involved in grape bud dormancy: Large-scale analysis of expression reprogramming following controlled dormancy induction and dormancy release. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587232.bard.

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The timing of dormancy induction and release is very important to the economic production of table grape. Advances in manipulation of dormancy induction and dormancy release are dependent on the establishment of a comprehensive understanding of biological mechanisms involved in bud dormancy. To gain insight into these mechanisms we initiated the research that had two main objectives: A. Analyzing the expression profiles of large subsets of genes, following controlled dormancy induction and dormancy release, and assessing the role of known metabolic pathways, known regulatory genes and novel sequences involved in these processes B. Comparing expression profiles following the perception of various artificial as well as natural signals known to induce dormancy release, and searching for gene showing similar expression patterns, as candidates for further study of pathways having potential to play a central role in dormancy release. We first created targeted EST collections from V. vinifera and V. riparia mature buds. Clones were randomly selected from cDNA libraries prepared following controlled dormancy release and controlled dormancy induction and from respective controls. The entire collection (7920 vinifera and 1194 riparia clones) was sequenced and subjected to bioinformatics analysis, including clustering, annotations and GO classifications. PCR products from the entire collection were used for printing of cDNA microarrays. Bud tissue in general, and the dormant bud in particular, are under-represented within the grape EST database. Accordingly, 59% of the our vinifera EST collection, composed of 5516 unigenes, are not included within the current Vitis TIGR collection and about 22% of these transcripts bear no resemblance to any known plant transcript, corroborating the current need for our targeted EST collection and the bud specific cDNA array. Analysis of the V. riparia sequences yielded 814 unigenes, of which 140 are unique (keilin et al., manuscript, Appendix B). Results from computational expression profiling of the vinifera collection suggest that oxidative stress, calcium signaling, intracellular vesicle trafficking and anaerobic mode of carbohydrate metabolism play a role in the regulation and execution of grape-bud dormancy release. A comprehensive analysis confirmed the induction of transcription from several calcium–signaling related genes following HC treatment, and detected an inhibiting effect of calcium channel blocker and calcium chelator on HC-induced and chilling-induced bud break. It also detected the existence of HC-induced and calcium dependent protein phosphorylation activity. These data suggest, for the first time, that calcium signaling is involved in the mechanism of dormancy release (Pang et al., in preparation). We compared the effects of heat shock (HS) to those detected in buds following HC application and found that HS lead to earlier and higher bud break. We also demonstrated similar temporary reduction in catalase expression and temporary induction of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, thioredoxin and glutathione S transferase expression following both treatments. These findings further support the assumption that temporary oxidative stress is part of the mechanism leading to bud break. The temporary induction of sucrose syntase, pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase indicate that temporary respiratory stress is developed and suggest that mitochondrial function may be of central importance for that mechanism. These finding, suggesting triggering of identical mechanisms by HS and HC, justified the comparison of expression profiles of HC and HS treated buds, as a tool for the identification of pathways with a central role in dormancy release (Halaly et al., in preparation). RNA samples from buds treated with HS, HC and water were hybridized with the cDNA arrays in an interconnected loop design. Differentially expressed genes from the were selected using R-language package from Bioconductor project called LIMMA and clones showing a significant change following both HS and HC treatments, compared to control, were selected for further analysis. A total of 1541 clones show significant induction, of which 37% have no hit or unknown function and the rest represent 661 genes with identified function. Similarly, out of 1452 clones showing significant reduction, only 53% of the clones have identified function and they represent 573 genes. The 661 induced genes are involved in 445 different molecular functions. About 90% of those functions were classified to 20 categories based on careful survey of the literature. Among other things, it appears that carbohydrate metabolism and mitochondrial function may be of central importance in the mechanism of dormancy release and studies in this direction are ongoing. Analysis of the reduced function is ongoing (Appendix A). A second set of hybridizations was carried out with RNA samples from buds exposed to short photoperiod, leading to induction of bud dormancy, and long photoperiod treatment, as control. Analysis indicated that 42 genes were significant difference between LD and SD and 11 of these were unique.

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