Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Alain Moreau"

Este ensaio busca revelar em “La chambre secrète”, de Alain Robbe-Grillet, a presença de imagens geradoras do texto de ficção, a partir da distinção entre descrição pictural e literária, da identificação de marcadores da picturalidade, do diálogo intertextual com quadros de Gustave Moreau e gravuras de Piranesi, bem como do entrelaçamento espaciotemporal que observamos no iconotexto.

Este ensaio busca revelar em “La chambre secrète”, de Alain Robbe-Grillet, a presença de imagens geradoras do texto de ficção, a partir da distinção entre descrição pictural e literária, da identificação de marcadores da picturalidade, do diálogo intertextual com quadros de Gustave Moreau e gravuras de Piranesi, bem como do entrelaçamento espaciotemporal que observamos no iconotexto.

Autodidacte au parcours professionnel et politique atypique et sans aucune expérience dans les métiers du livre, Alain Moreau ne semble guère destiné à devenir éditeur. Pourtant, avec la maison fondée en 1972 qui porte son nom et grâce à ses ouvrages dénonçant les grands scandales de la Ve République, Alain Moreau sera l’un des éditeurs les plus médiatiques de France. Mais cette société n’aurait pu naître et prospérer sans La Pensée Universelle, la firme fondée deux ans plus tôt par le même Alain Moreau, et qui publiera pendant vingt ans des milliers d’auteurs, à leurs frais. La Pensée Universelle n’est pas uniquement la première société à compte d’auteur à caractère industriel. Elle nous interpelle également sur les carences de la loi du 11 mars 1957 sur la Propriété littéraire et artistique, et sur le rôle capital joué par l’écriture pour une large partie de la population française. Les méthodes de cette société, ainsi que la publication d’ouvrages controversés tel Suicide, mode d’emploi, conduiront Alain Moreau à cesser ses activités éditoriales en 1990. Récit de la carrière tumultueuse d’un éditeur, cette étude se veut aussi une réflexion sur une pratique, le compte d’auteur, considérée comme un fléau en France, mais qui pourrait redevenir d'actualité avec le développement d’Internet
Self-taught, with the professional and political course atypical and without any experiment in the trades of the book, Alain Moreau hardly seems intended to become editor. However, with the house founded into 1972 which bears its name and thanks to its works denouncing the great scandals of the Ve Republic, Alain Moreau will be one of the most media editors of France. But this company could not have been born and thrive without « La Pensée Universelle », the founded firm two years more early by the same Alain Moreau, and who will publish during twenty years of the thousands of authors, with their own expenses. « La Pensée Universelle » [The Universal Thougt] is not only the first compagny on of the authors account in vast quantities nature. It also call us to the deficiencies of the law of March 11, 1957 on the Author’s copyright and artistic, and on the capital part played by the writing for a broad part of the French population. The methods of this company, as well as the publication of discussed works such Suicide, mode d’emploi, will induce Alain Moreau to cease his editorial activities in 1990. This is the narration of the tumultuous career of an editor, and this study wants to be also a reflection on a practice, like the author’s account, considered as a plague in France, but which could become again of topicality with the development of Internet

De 1964 à 2002, les films de Jean-Daniel Pollet n’ont cessé d’accompagner et de nourrir la pratique cinématographique du cinéaste Alain Moreau, le conduisant à inventer des dispositifs qui proposent, à l’instar des films Méditerranée et L’Ordre, des configurations inédites du rapport des spectateurs et des acteurs à l’image, au monde, au réel. Films dédiés à l’architecture, émissions pensées depuis la prison, il s’agit de « résister à l’image », d’ouvrir des brèches, de rendre possible un rapport « archaïque » à l’espace et au temps, à travers des blocs d’espace-temps, projet qui rencontre celui que j’avais nommé « ciné-topies ». Partant d’une réflexion sur mon propre cheminement j’en suis venue à reconstituer la genèse de l’œuvre cinématographique d’Alain Moreau. Travail de longue haleine, travail de reconstitution d’archives dont rend compte le volume de transcriptions et d’annexes qui accompagnent le texte de la thèse. Travail d’archiviste mais aussi d’interprétation fondé sur mes questions et mes lectures théoriques : la « ciné-architecture » d’Alain Moreau m’a conduite à mettre à l’épreuve l’image de l’archipel, qui me paraissait rendre compte de ma propre pratique autant que de la sienne : rapport à un réel archaïque, à partir duquel construire une multiplicité de rapports au monde, en-deçà ou au-delà de l’image. L’idée d’archipel me venant de Glissant, de Deleuze et de Melville se chargeait d’une autre complexité : l’archipel, paradigme souvent convoqué par la pensée contemporaine comme ouverture au multiple et à l’altérité, est aussi ce qui permet à Foucault de penser l’espace carcéral comme forme moderne de la discipline. Comment penser l’ambivalence de cette idée ? Comment à partir de là repenser les enjeux politiques des ciné-topies ?
From 1964 to 2002, Jean-Daniel Pollet's films continued to accompany and nourish the cinematographic practice of Alain Moreau, leading him to invent devices that propose, in the manner of the films Méditerranée and L'Ordre, unprecedented configurations of the relationship of spectators and actors to the image, to the world, to reality. Films dedicated to architecture, programs conceived from within prison, it is about "resisting the image", opening rifts, making possible an "archaic" relationship to space and time, through blocks of space-time, a project that meets the one I named "cine-topies".Beginning from a reflection on my own path, I came to reconstruct the genesis of Alain Moreau's cinematographic work. A long-term endeavor, involving archival reconstruction work as reflected by the volume of transcripts and appendices that accompany the text of the thesis. Archival work, but also an interpretation based on my questions and my theoretical readings: Alain Moreau's "cine-architecture" led me to test the image of the archipelago, which seemed to me to reflect as much my practice as his own: the relationship to an archaic reality, from which to build a multiplicity of links to the world, below or beyond the image.My idea of an archipelago, originating from Glissant, Deleuze and Melville, acquired additional complexity: the archipelago, a paradigm often summoned by contemporary thought as an opening to multiple and otherness, is also that which allows Foucault to think of prison space as a modern form of discipline. How can one consider the ambivalence of this idea? How can one then rethink the political stakes of cine-topies?

Romancier et dramaturge prolixe, lesage est un observateur avise et amuse des belleslettres. L'observation des milieux litteraires s'inspire de cette double experience, l'intention satirique est toutefois plus nettement marquee dans le temoignage sur le theatre. Mais l'experience du dramaturge aupres de la comedie-francaise et plus encore du theatre de la foire est au service du romancier. En situant l'action principale du diable boiteux dans un madrid nocturne livre aux yeux du diable et de l'ecolier, lesage remplace le traditionnel narrateur par un voyeur. De frontal, dans le theatre a l'italienne, le regard devient alors surplombant. Il renouvelle, ainsi, de maniere significative la narration concue sur le modele d'une saynete. Le dramaturge s'efface devant le moraliste. Le theatre se charge alors de sens metaphoriques, il permet la denonciation d'une societe sensible seulement aux apparences. Le travestissement du corps, l'appropriation de la nourriture et les falsifications patronymiques participent a ce mensonge generalise. Le theme varie selon les appartenances sociales. Le vetement, sous son double aspect de transgression, deguisement ou vol, aide a la transformation des apparences et facilite ainsi l'usurpation des roles. Etape probatoire dans la formation de l'individu, il prepare a la maitrise des comportements sociaux. Lesage romancier a exploite un ensemble de procedes romanesques empruntes pour l'essentiel a la tradition picaresque. Deux possibilites s'ouvrent a lui pour varier le materiau romanesque que limite necessairement le recit autobiographique : d'une part, diversifier la nature des episodes vecus par le heros roturier autour d'une ascension sociale, d'autre part, changer de heros, grace a l'enchassement d'histoires secondaires. En raison meme de son succes, l'oeuvre romanesque de lesage a donne naissance a de nombreuses editions illustrees de son vivant. A defaut d'etre de grands artistes, les illustrateurs sont de bons et humbles executants, parfois anonymes, soucieux de rendre constamment compte, avec precision et clarte, du texte dont ils sont les simples servants
As a prolific novelist and playwright, lesage is a well-informed and amused observer of the belles lettres. His observation of the literary society draws on this double experience, with a satirical purpose far more distinct in his writings on the theatre. His experience as a dramatic writer at the comedie francaise and above all at the theatre de la foire is however of great use to the novelist. By setting the main plot of le diable boiteux in a nocturnal madrid seen through the eyes of the devil and the scholar, lesage substitutes a voyeur for the traditional narrator, which means that the angle of vision is no longer that of the normal confrontation to be found in the italian theatre, but a view from above. Thus lesage gives new life, significantly, to the narrative process, now conceived on the pattern of a playlet. The playwright hides behind the moralist. His theatre conveys metaphorical meanings and makes it possible to expose a society for which only appearances matter. Disguise, misappropriation of food and false names partake of this widespread delusion. The theme varies according to social background. Clothes , whether they are disguise or theft, help transform appearances and thus make it easy to usurp roles. Being a probationary stage in the development of an individual, they help him master social behaviour. As a novelist lesage used a range of techniques which he borrowed, to a large extent, from the picaresque tradition. In order to introduce some variety in the limited fictional material provided by autobiographical narratives, he used two devices : on the one hand, he diversified the nature of the episodes the lower-class hero goes through as he climbs the social ladder; on the other hand, he introduced new heroes thanks to embedded stories. Because of its very success, lesage's work of fiction has given rise to numerous illustrated editions published in his lifetime. Though they are definitely not great artists, the illustrators are skilful and humble craftsmen, sometimes anonymous, who are constantly eager to give a clear and accurate account of the text of which they are only the servants

An ethical understanding of responsibility should entail a richly qualitative comprehension of the links between embodied, unique individuals and their lived realities of behaviour. Criminal responsibility theory broadly adheres to ‘rational choice’ models of the moral self which subsume individuals’ emotionally embodied dimensions under the general direction of their rational will and abstracts their behaviour from corporeal reality. Linking individuals with their behaviour based only on such understandings of ‘rational choice’ and abstract descriptions of behaviour overlooks the phenomenological dimensions of that behaviour and thus its moral significance as a lived experience. To overcome this ethical shortcoming, engagement with the aesthetic as an alternative discourse can help articulate the ‘excessive’ nature of lived reality and its relationship with ‘orthodox’ knowledge; fittingly, the comics form involves interaction of rational, non-rational, linguistic, and non-linguistic dimensions, modelling the limits of conceptual thought in relation to complex reality. Rational choice is predicated upon a split between a contextually embedded self and an abstractly autonomous self. Analysis of the graphic novel Watchmen contends that prioritisation of rational autonomy over sensual experience is symptomatic of a ‘rational surface’ that turns away from the indeterminate ‘chaos’ of complex reality (the unstructured universe), instead maintaining the power of rational and linguistic concepts to order the world. This ‘rational surface’ is maintained by masking that which threatens its stability: the chaos of the infinite difference of living individuals. These epistemological foundations are reconfigured, via Watchmen, enabling engagement beyond the ‘rational surface’ by accepting the generative potential of this living chaos and calling for models of criminal identity that are ‘restless’, acknowledging the unique, shifting nature of individuals, and not tending towards ‘complete’ or stable concepts of the self-as-responsible. As part of the aesthetic methodology of this reconfiguration, a radical extension of legal theory’s analytical canon is developed.

The aim of this thesis is to arrive at a characterisation of twentieth century poetry and science by means of a detailed study of the work of four poets who engaged extensively with science and whose writing lives spanned the greater part of the period. The study of science in the work of the four chosen poets, Hugh MacDiarmid (1892 – 1978), Judith Wright (1915 – 2000), Edwin Morgan (1920 – 2010), and Miroslav Holub (1923 – 1998), is preceded by a literature survey and an initial theoretical chapter. This initial part of the thesis outlines the interdisciplinary history of the academic subject of poetry and science, addressing, amongst other things, the challenges presented by the episodes known as the ‘two cultures' and the ‘science wars'. Seeking to offer a perspective on poetry and science more aligned to scientific materialism than is typical in the interdiscipline, a systemic challenge to Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) is put forward in the first chapter. Additionally, the founding work of poetry and science, I. A. Richards's Science and Poetry (1926), is assessed both in the context in which it was written, and from a contemporary viewpoint; and, as one way to understand science in poetry, a theory of the creative misreading of science is developed, loosely based on Harold Bloom's The Anxiety of Influence (1973). The detailed study of science in poetry commences in Chapter II with Hugh MacDiarmid's late work in English, dating from his period on the Shetland Island of Whalsay (1933 – 1941). The thesis in this chapter is that this work can be seen as a radical integration of poetry and science; this concept is considered in a variety of ways including through a computational model, originally suggested by Robert Crawford. The Australian poet Judith Wright, the subject of Chapter III, is less well known to poetry and science, but a detailed engagement with physics can be identified, including her use of four-dimensional imagery, which has considerable support from background evidence. Biology in her poetry is also studied in the light of recent work by John Holmes. In Chapter IV, science in the poetry of Edwin Morgan is discussed in terms of its origin and development, from the perspective of the mythologised science in his science fiction poetry, and from the ‘hard' technological perspective of his computer poems. Morgan's work is cast in relief by readings which are against the grain of some but not all of his published comments. The thesis rounds on its theme of materialism with the fifth and final chapter which studies the work of Miroslav Holub, a poet and practising scientist in communist-era Prague. Holub's work, it is argued, represents a rare and important literary expression of scientific materialism. The focus on materialism in the thesis is not mechanistic, nor exclusive of the domain of the imagination; instead it frames the contrast between the original science and the transformed poetic version. The thesis is drawn together in a short conclusion.

American folk music has long presented a problematic conception of authenticity, but the reality of the folk scene, and its relationship to media, is far more complicated. This book draws on the fields of media archaeology, performance studies, and sound studies to explore the various modes of communication that can be uncovered from the long American folk revival. From Alan Lomax's cybernetic visions to Bob Dylan's noisy writing machines, this book retrieves a subterranean discourse on the concept of media that might help us to reimagine the potential of the networks in which we work, play, and sing.

A quintessential work of 1960s European art cinema, L’Année Dernière à Marienbad (Last Year in Marienbad, 1961) was a collaboration between director Alain Resnais and 'New Novel' enfant terrible Alain Robbe-Grillet. Three people, known only by their initials, move through the sprawling luxury of a mysterious hotel and its ornamental gardens. Perhaps M is A's husband and X her lover. Perhaps ''last year,' A promised X she would leave with him. Or is there something more terrible in the past? An abstract thriller, a love story, a philosophical puzzle, the film's deviations are, for Jean-Louis Leutrat, as complex as those of the human heart.

Sondheim provided original music for five movies: one or more songs forThe Seven-Per-Cent Solution(1976),Dick Tracy(1990), andThe Birdcage(1996), and scores forStavisky(1974) andReds(1981). The two scores reflect divergent trends in this era. Warren Beatty’sRedsuses music sparingly, and Alain Resnais’sStaviskycontains a complicated score that reflects compositional trends of the 1930s. Sondheim’s songs for the other films are crafted to entertain and to further their respective stories. ForDick Tracy, Sondheim composed five songs; several accompany montages, others crosscut with live action, and two, both performed by Madonna, have multiple reprises. Among the latter is the Oscar-winning “Sooner or Later.”

Alan Turing has long proved a subject of fascination, but following the centenary of his birth in 2012, the code-breaker, computer pioneer, mathematician (and much more) has become even more celebrated with much media coverage, and several meetings, conferences and books raising public awareness of Turing's life and work. This volume will bring together contributions from some of the leading experts on Alan Turing to create a comprehensive guide to Turing that will serve as a useful resource for researchers in the area as well as the increasingly interested general reader. The book will cover aspects of Turing's life and the wide range of his intellectual activities, including mathematics, code-breaking, computer science, logic, artificial intelligence and mathematical biology, as well as his subsequent influence.

This chapter reviews the book Deciphering the New Antisemitism (2015), edited by Alvin H. Rosenfeld. Deciphering the New Antisemitism discusses many of the new forms of antisemitism. It explores antisemitism in relation to Islamophobia and radical Catholicism, antisemitic ideology, and moral antisemitism (the philosophical aspect of the phenomenon) as well as apostasy, literary theory, antisemitism in France, and anti-Zionism within the anarchist tradition. It also looks at the uniqueness of the Holocaust, denial of the Holocaust, and generational changes among Holocaust deniers. Finally, it examines antisemitism in the United States, the European Union, and Iran. Discovering the New Antisemitism is highly recommended for scholars of contemporary Jewish history, Israeli history, and political science.

Like the tableau vivant, the cinematic still life experienced a stunning revival and reinvention in the late twentieth century. In contrast to the stereotypically postmodern overload of images, the still life in film initiates a moment of repose and contemplation within a medium more often defined by the forward rush of moving pictures. It also involves a profound meditation on the relationship between images and objects consistent with practices as diverse as the Spanish baroque still life and the Surrealist variation on the genre. With the work of Terence Davies and Alain Cavalier’s Thérèse (1986) as its primary touchstones, this chapter situates this renewed interest in the cinematic still life within the context of both the late twentieth-century cinema of painters and a socially oriented art cinema that focuses on marginal people and overlooked objects rather than the hegemonic historical narratives also undergoing a revival at the time.

This chapter discusses the implications of the argument of this book for our understanding of human rights. On one common conception human rights are conceived of as moral rights, on another as legal or more broadly institutional rights. Within either conception, they may be conceived of as demand-rights. The argument of this book implies that if they are then conceived of as moral rights existing independently of human commitments, their possibility is moot. If they are conceived of as institutional rights, they are, as such, normatively inert. The outcome of the discussion is this: the way to gain the standing to demand actions to which one is understood to have a human right on either conception is by way of an appropriate joint commitment. Human rights theorists whose work is discussed include Henry Shue, Alan Buchanan, and Charles Beitz.

While ‘ethics 2.0’ cannot be considered a full-blown philosophical trend, the oeuvres of Jacques Derrida, Jean-François Lyotard, Gilles Deleuze, Emmanuel Levinas, and Michel Foucault—which sparked the ’80s turn—have been taken up and further developed, critically adapted, or refuted by scholars such as Alain Badiou, Jacques Rancière, Etienne Balibar, Jean-Luc Marion, François Laruelle, Giorgio Agamben, Quentin Meillassoux, and others. The relationship between ethics and contingency has to be reassessed in a critical review of Hegelian dialectics; and many of the essays assembled in this collection testify to this injunction.

Abstract No one, I suspect, accepts everything that Kant said about moral matters, but many remain hopeful that Kant’s ideas, suitably modified and supplemented, might be developed into an ethical theory that meets most familiar objections and remains worthy of serious consideration. The project of developing such a Kantian theory, however, faces formidable obstacles. Prominent among these are problems concerning conflicts of duty. Alan Donagan has addressed at length the most familiar problem of this sort: the charge that Kantian principles generate unresolvable moral dilemmas. Although correct and important in its main thesis, I think that Donagan’s defense of a Kantian position concedes too much in one way and too little in another. Moreover, the objection to which Donagan responds is not the only problem Kantians must face regarding moral conflicts.

Abstract The prosperity of the 1950s and 1960s proved just how wrong the pessimists of the 1930s had been in their estimation of the fundamental strength of the economy. Jump-started by the demands of war and sustained—to just what degree would become the subject of heated debate—by the subsequent mobilization for a Cold War, the economy moved into a period of unparalleled affluence that would last until the early 1970s, an era that appears in retrospect to have been America’s economic golden age. Alvin Hansen’s dark vision of secular stagnation brightened considerably during the war, and in 1963 even he observed that the postwar period “must be regarded as one of high stability and growth.”1

Abstract There are at least two issues that are central to determining whether genuine moral dilemmas exist. The first is whether moral considerations are bound to “run out” in certain situations, leaving an agent with conflicting moral requirements. The second is what notion of requirement it is that, if a person were faced with conflicting requirements, would be enough all by itself to place the person in a genuine moral dilemma. I shall not try to settle the first of these issues. Rather, I shall call attention to a question that needs to be answered to settle it, a question whose importance has not always been recognized. I shall, however, offer a suggestion as to how the second issue should be settled. As anyone who is familiar with the literature on moral dilemmas is aware, there are some who approach this topic with the intuition that there clearly are genuine moral dilemmas, and there are others who approach it with the intuition that there are no genuine moral dilemmas. In his contribution to this volume, Alan Donagan asks which traditional moral theories countenance genuine moral dilemmas.

Abstract Although focused and articulated most clearly by the new Council of Economic Advisers, the postwar interest in economic growth per se was not the Council’s unique discovery or intellectual property. Talk of abundance, hopes of abundance, plans for abundance were all in the air as the war drew to a close. Even before the war’s end, an informal committee that included Alvin Hansen and Gerhard Colm of the Bureau of the Budget’s Fiscal Division had noted that “after the war, the volume of demand and production … will have to increase steadily from year to year in order to sustain full employment as the productive power of our country expands.”1 But in such thinking, growth remained more the by-product of sustained full employment than a primary end in itself. In a similar fashion, the Committee for Economic Development, a prominent business organization, recognized when developing its suggestive and influential “stabilizing budget policy” in 1947 that “reasonable stability of total demand at an adequate level … means a steadily rising level of demand as our productive capacity grows.”2 Here too, however, growth remained subordinate to economic stability as the focus of policy.

Curtiz returned to Warner Bros. for The Helen Morgan Story (1957).The film, starring Paul Newman and Ann Blyth,wasa flop and turned out to be the director’s final picture for Jack Warner. He fathered a daughter with Jill Gerrard, whom he maintainedat arm’s length to prevent any interference with his film career, which was entering twilight. Sam Goldwyn Jr. hired him to film The Proud Rebel. The film was delayed because of Curtiz’s appendectomy, but it became a heartwarming success starring Alan Ladd and Olivia de Havilland.Hal Wallis tapped him to direct Elvis Presley in King Creole (1958).Taking a conciliatory approach, Curtiz coaxed a superior performance from Presley that the pop music star came to regard as his best in any film. Curtiz directed a pair of desultory pictures,The Man in the Net and A Breath of Scandal, as age and illness began to impair his ability to work effectively.A handsome but antiseptic version of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn for Sam Goldwyn Jr. closed out Curtiz’s films during the 1950s.

For operational weather forecast at CHMI we use the ALARO configuration of the numerical system ALADIN with horizontal resolution 2.3km. It is so-called convection permitting model. The goal of presented work was to evaluate potential of operational ALARO configuration used for Central Europe, and apply it with minimal changes for baseline regional climate simulations realized within the PERUN project. Tests following the so-called big brother experimental protocol were performed, demonstrating ability of the regional model to add short scales missing in the boundary conditions from driving model ESM2-1 in the region of interest over Czech territory, even though the resolution of driving model is more than order of magnitude coarser. Further it was verified that in the computational domain synoptic scales are sufficiently controlled by lateral boundary conditions. Thanks to this, consistency with driving global scenario is ensured even without use of spectral nudging. Such approach enables to fully profit from high resolution of the regional model, when internal variability generated by convective or orographic circulations is not artificially restricted.

Aeolus is operating in-flight since more than 4 years and has generated 6.4 billion UV laser shots. The progressive received signal decrease was recently partially compensated by switching laser A on, allowing extending mission lifetime.

Outdoor lighting is an essential service and offers many benefits to users; however, excessive exposure to ALAN may have adverse effects on human health and well-being. Studies on light pollution are mainly based on the evaluation of the phenomenon on the horizontal plane, through nighttime satellite imagery. However, the assessment of the quantity and the spectrum of light on vertical planes is more relevant when the influence on human health is considered. In this paper, a methodological approach for the assessment of ALAN in a city context is presented. The study involved the assessment of light pollution through in-field measurements (photometric and spectral measurement campaign), to evaluate the phenomena considering the impact of light on buildings and on the human visual system. Some preliminary results and data elaborations referred to the application of the research methodology to a case study are presented.

Atmospheric reanalyses represent powerful tools for obtaining information about the state of the atmosphere in history, which is obtained by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models whose predictions may (but may not) be improved through the assimilation of measured data. Significant developments in computer technology have recently enabled to increase their spatial resolution so that even meteorological phenomena of a local nature can be better captured. However, most NWP models compensate this capability by reducing the computational domain, which largely limits the use of these forecasts for the following meteorological, climatological and/or hydrological applications. The newly developed ALADIN/PERUN atmospheric reanalysis provides simulations of various meteorological variables at high spatial (2.3 km) and temporal (1 h) resolution over most of Europe between 1989 and 2020. Due to the high resolution of the reanalysed data, it can be expected that precipitation fields will capture local-scale processes well, and thus reproduce more faithfully, for example, heavy convective precipitation. The presented paper aims to evaluate this capability based on gauge-adjusted radar estimates of precipitation totals during warm parts of the year when strong convective but also stratiform precipitation occurs in Central Europe. The accuracy of the localization and precipitation sums will be evaluated for two different runs of the NWP model. The first one (ALADIN/Reanalysis) involves a complete assimilation of the observed data every 6 hours using a 4D-VAR assimilation scheme. The second (ALADIN/Evaluation Run) uses only the boundary conditions from the ERA-5 global reanalysis and the calculation of the forecasts is not further modified based on measured data. Comparing the two runs will provide us with information about the level of physical description in the NWP model as well as the effect of assimilation on the resulting precipitation fields. In addition, the paper is unique in that it will use detailed fields of "observed" precipitation totals at high spatial resolution, which conventional rain gauge data cannot offer.

A deep submergence vehicle operated by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Alvin has made more than 4,200 deep-ocean dives since 1964. Lockheed Martin Corp. was contracted in 2007 by WHOI with funding provided by the National Science Foundation to design a Replacement Human Occupied Vehicle (RHOV) which would take advantage of recent technological advances to provide expanded depth capability. This paper discusses the criteria, evaluation, and selection of the method of descent and ascent, a high-level naval architecture trade which drives the general arrangement of the entire vehicle. Constrained by vehicle performance requirements, exploration of the system design parameters through dynamic simulation and CFD modeling allows for design optimization. Considering the transient features of ascent and descent such as dynamic ballast pumping and variation in fluid and vehicle density driven by hydrostatic pressure, the preferred method of vertical travel for the RHOV is a level vehicle at zero angle of pitch with velocity orthogonal to the free surface.

In recent years, newly developed protective coatings for cutting tools have become more and more wear and abrasion resistant to the extreme environments associated with modern machining processes. On these new coatings the common pin on disk tribological tests have failed, resulting in practically no wear or strongly heterogeneous wear. For efficient tribological testing and determination of wear resistance of the new hard coatings it is therefore crucial to establish a valid set of room temperature and high-temperature wear test conditions. After a large number of preliminary tests performed on a state-of-the-art high-temperature pin on disc tester we identified optimized conditions for characterization of these new types of hard coatings. The investigated coatings comprised AlTiN-based reference, nanostructured Al-Cr-based nitride, oxynitride and oxide coatings deposited using an industrial rotating cathodes arc PVD process on cemented carbide. The nitrogen in the coating was progressively substituted by oxygen up to 100 at.% to create oxide structure in order to avoid oxidation of the coatings at high temperatures. These new oxide coatings are known to withstand extremely high temperatures in dry milling and turning of high-strength materials while exhibiting high wear resistance. However, characterization of their wear resistance by the common tribological tests had proven to be very difficult and new testing procedures had to be established.

Makalenin temel amacı, Birinci Dünya Savaşı'nın sonunda Türkiye'nin iç ve dış sorunlarının bazılarını analiz etmektir. Sorunu analiz ederken, “Azerbaycan” gazetesinin (1918-1920´ yıllar) sayfalarında yer alan makalelere atıfta bulunulduğu gibi, birçok bilimsel çalışmaya da yer verildi. Yazarın amaçlarından biri de, geniş kitlelere ve bilim insanlarına, “Azerbaycan” gazetesinin sayfalarında Türkiye ile ilgili önemli bilgileri iletmektir. Sorun hakkında Türkiye'de çeşitli yıllarda çok sayıda anıtsal edebiyat, bilimsel araştırma çalışmaları ve zengin arşiv belgeleri toplanmıştır. Genel olarak, bu dönem (1918-1920) Türk tarihinde son derece önemlidir. Ancak, yukarıda da belirtildiği gibi, ana odak “Azerbaycan” gazetesinin sayfalarında yayınlanan makaleler üzerineydi. 1918-1920´ yıllarında “Azerbaycan” gazetesinin sayfalarında yayınlanan bilgilerin yanı sıra dönemin araştırmacıları için de elimizde tutuyoruz. Bizim düşüncemize göre, “Azerbaycan” gazetesinde Türkiye’nin (1918-1920´ yıllar) tarihi boyunca yayınlanan materyallerin analizi birçok karanlık anı aydınlatacaktır. Tarihsel belgelere göre, Birinci Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra en çok tartışılan konulardan birinin savaşta bir yenilgi içinde olan Türkiye'nin kaderi olduğu bilinmektedir. O zaman, Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti resmi “Azerbaycan” gazetesinde, konuyla ilgili ilginç bilgiler yayınladı. Bu analiz sonucunda, Türkiye'nin önümüzdeki yıllarda ne kadar zor olduğunu ve muzaffer devletlerin Türk devletinin geleceği konusundaki pozisyonlarını görmek mümkündür. Birinci Dünya Savaşı'nı kazanan devletler, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu topraklarını ve Türk milletinin kaderini nasıl bölecekleri konusunda çok sayıda tartışma yapmıştı. ABD'nin Türkiye Büyükelçisi Morgan Tau, ABD Başkanı Woodrow Wilson'a mektupta ve notunda bütün şu olayların boşuna olmadığını yazdı. Morgan Tau, Türkiye'nin başlıca üç bölüme ayrılabileceğini yazıyor: 1) Konstantinopolis ve çevresi; 2) Türk nüfusunun yaşadığı Anadolu; 3) Ermenistan. Emperyalist güçler Türkiye'yi yok edilmeyi düşündü. Ama anlamadılar başka bir Türkiye vardı - bu bir Türk milletiydi. Devletler bilmiyordu ve bilmiyorlardı. Birinci Dünya Savaşı'nda yenilgiye uğratılan Türkiye'nin hayatta kalması, büyük ölçüde ulusal güçlerin birliğine ve halkın düşmana karşı direncine bağımlıydı. Erzurum (23 Temmuz - 7 Ağustos 1919) ve Sivas (4-11 Eylül 1919) kongrelerinde Türkiye devletinin kaderi, işgal güçlerine karşı kuvvetlerin birleştirilmesi ve Mustafa Kemal Paşa'nın önderliğinde alınan kararlar büyük önem taşımaktadır. Nihayet, Antanta Devletleri'nin Türkiye'nin bir devlet olarak varlığını sona erdirme girişimleri, ulusun ulusal devrimi ve antiemperyalist mücadele ile yüzleşmek zorunda kaldı. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye varlığını sürdürmeyi başardı.

Product miniaturization trend is inevitable. The needs for minimum invasive surgery, smaller sensors for smart machinery, packing more features on a product… require mass production of smaller components from engineering materials. Fabrication of microcomponents requires knowledge of micromachining to avoid costly tool failure and part damage. This research investigates microdrilling of commercially pure titanium, nickel titanium (Nitinol), and 316L stainless steel. A surface was polished and drilled in rows of ten holes. Through hole drilling at 6:1 aspect ratio was performed on NiTi sheets while blind holes were drilled at 10:1 aspect ratio on Ti or 316L blocks. Microdrills with 100–150 μm diameter and 1.5–3.5 mm flute length were utilized up to 50,000 rpm in minimum quantity lubrication. Finite element models were developed to find upper limits of drilling parameters. Flank wear of 15μm on fine grained WC-Co uncoated tools and peeling of coating layer were used as tool life criteria. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observed tool failure mechanism. Tool life modeling and hole quality were performed to evaluate and compare tool performance. Although successfully drilling all materials at 10:1 aspect ratio, excessive built-up-edge (BUE) was found on microdrills at all drilling parameters. Such BUE effectively blunted the drill tips and caused drill wandering, degraded hole quality due to rubbing against the drilled wall, work-hardened the drilled surface and accelerated drill wear, and formed burrs at both entrance and exit ends. Wear of a microdrill at the outer corner was more pronounced when drilling CP titanium, but attrition wear at chisel edge was more significant for 316L stainless steel. The classical Taylor equation for macromachining was applicable in microdrilling to rank tool performance and machinability of tested materials. For the same cutting speed of 20 m/min and comparable drilling distance of about 35 mm, CP titanium can be microdrilled 400% faster than 316L stainless steel when applying 0.1 μm/flute chip load for the former and 0.02 μm/flute for the latter. The AlTiN coated drills improved tool life by at least 120%. This coating reduced BUE, drastically improved hole position accuracy by 115%, and decreased hole diameter variation from 0.110% to 0.003% for each mm of drilling distance.

Alan Kay’s famous soundbite from a 1971 Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Center) meeting presents a bizarre chicken and egg paradox. It goes like this: which came first, the science fiction representation of the objector the desire for specific objects themselves? In other words, is the plethora of technological advancements a direct result of anthropomorphic inevitabilities or are we simply trying to realize objects, vehicles, and environments we saw in science fiction representations in the mid-twentieth century? In this paper, I will argue that media and literature are equally as responsible as engineering for our current architectural reality. With the rise of Web 2.0, advances in graphics visualization, and their attendant cultural shifts, aspects of contemporary urban life increasingly resemble a science fiction. The pervasiveness of app culture and recent factual and fictional examples of artificial intelligence augmenting the built environment suggest that engineering advancements exist as part of a tight feedback loop between consumer expectations—largely influenced by Hollywood—and scientific discoveries. Therefore, in order to fully understand, historicise, or speculate on the future of interactions between humans and machines, we must first unpack the cycle of fiction-to-fact that typically occurs. Taking the domestic realm as an example, we can identify a series of uncanny, artificially intelligent, technologies which reflect human desires for subservience, assistance, and interconnectedness. Here, AI will serve as a case study through which to analyze the effect of fiction on scientific advancements and their subsequent dissemination into the consumer world, ultimately constituting a history based less on fact and more on media, image, and variable levels of reality.

Irem Erin¹, Alessandro Araldi², Giovanni Fusco2, Ebru Cubukcu1, ¹City and Regional Planning Department. Dokuz Eylul University. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi-Mimarlık Fakültesi Tınaztepe Kampüsü, Doğuş Caddesi No:209, 35160 Buca- IZMIR, Turkey ²Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, UMR ESPACE. 98 Bd Edouard Herriot, BP 3209 06204 NICE cedex 3, France E-mail: irem.erin@deu.edu.tr, alessandro.araldi@unice.fr, giovanni.fusco@unice.fr, ebru.cubukcu@deu.edu.trTelephone number: +905363341475 Keywords (3-5): Morphological analysis, quantitative methods, urban design, environmental psychology Urban morphology investigates “how cities are built and why, how cities should be built, what should be built and what has actually been built?” (Moudon 1997). Together with the qualitative analysis, the founding fathers of urban morphology also proposed quantitative measures of urban fabrics. Allain's methodological work (2004) presents an overview of these quantitative analyses of topological, dimensional and geometrical relations among form elements in urban fabrics. However, urban morphologists have traditionally resisted computer-based geoprocessing of urban form and their calculations were mainly carried out manually. Thanks to technological developments, the number of quantitative studies in urban morphology has increased and fully integrated geoprocessing. More sophisticated computer-aided analyses have increased the potential applications in urban design and in environmental psychology research. Space Syntax (Hillier 1998) and Multiple Centrality Assessment (Porta et al. 2006) are configurational, multi-scale approaches to the analysis of the urban street network, but miss the interplay between streets, building and parcels composing urban fabric. Space Matrix (Berghauser Pont and Haupt 2010) and, more recently, Multiple Fabric Assessment (Araldi and Fusco 2017) are geoprocessing quantitative approaches to the analysis of urban fabric morphology. This study has two aims; (1) classify quantitative urban morphology methods and (2) discuss how these methods could be applied in urban design and environmental psychology. First, the evolution of these methods along with the theories in urban morphology from qualitative to quantitative approaches will be discussed. Methods will be classified by combining their goals, as well as the morphological objects and the scales on which the analyses will focus. Finally, we will discuss how these methods could be combined and used in two different research perspectives: urban design and environmental psychology. References Allain, R (2004) Morphologie urbaine: géographie, aménagement et architecture de la ville, Paris, Armand Collin Araldi A., Fusco G. (2017) Decomposing and Recomposing Urban Fabric: the City from the Pedestrian Point of View, ICCSA 2017 Proceedings (in press) Berghauser Pont, M., Haupt, P. (2010). SPACEMATRIX, Space, Density and Urban Form. Rotterdam, NAi Publishers. Hillier, B. (1998) Space is the machine: A configurational Theory of Architecture, Cambridge University Press. Moudon, A. V. (1997). Urban morphology as an emerging. Urban morphology,1, 3-10. Porta S., Crucitti P., and Latora V. (2006) The network analysis of urban streets: a primal approach. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 33(5):705-725.

This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.