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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Agriculture and politics"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 31 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Agriculture and politics"

1

Al-Salim, Farid. "Politics of Agriculture." Journal of Palestine Studies 36, no. 4 (January 1, 2007): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2007.36.4.107.

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2

Youngberg, Garth, and Suzanne P. DeMuth. "Organic agriculture in the United States: A 30-year retrospective." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 28, no. 4 (May 31, 2013): 294–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170513000173.

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AbstractSince the early 1980s organic agriculture has undergone enormous growth and innovation in the US and throughout the world. Some observers have pointed to the US Department of Agriculture's 1980Report and Recommendations on Organic Farmingas having provided the catalyst for many of these developments. It is important, however, to understand how the evolving character of organic ideology during the 1960s and 1970s helped lay the foundation for moving organic agriculture onto the US governmental agenda in the early 1980s. We explore these and other contextual factors surrounding the USDA Report's release, including its methods, findings and recommendations, and both positive and negative reactions, as well as those factors that led to the Report's declining influence by the decade's end. The need for agricultural sustainability has played an important role in shaping, not only the path of organic agriculture in the US but also the overall politics of American agriculture. Legislative efforts to support organic agriculture have evolved along with this altered policy environment and are considered here within the broader context of the politics of sustainable agriculture. Next, we consider the organic industry's transition from a privately managed enterprise to the pivotal role now played by the federal government in the administration of the National Organic Program. Calls to move ‘beyond organic’ are also examined. Finally, we explore the impact of sustainable agriculture, agricultural research and farm structure upon the future of organic agriculture in the US. The politics within these three interrelated domains of public agricultural policy will likely bear heavily upon the future of organic farming and the organic industry as a whole.

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3

Ilbery, B. W., Graham Cox, Philip Lowe, and Michael Winter. "Agriculture: People and Politics." Geographical Journal 153, no. 2 (July 1987): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/634915.

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4

O'riordan, Timothy. "Agriculture, people and politics." Journal of Rural Studies 3, no. 3 (January 1987): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(87)90076-3.

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5

Fahamsyah, Ermanto, and Ruetaitip Chansrakaeo. "The Legal Politics Harmonization of Sustainable Agricultural Policy." Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 16, no. 2 (October 3, 2022): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v16no2.2635.

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Sustainable agriculture is one of the future-oriented legal policies. In this case, agriculture is oriented to be preserved, especially for future generations. Problems occur when various laws and regulations governing sustainable agricultural law policies are disharmonies even though they are substantially interrelated. This study aims to initiate legal politics of harmonization of sustainable agricultural policies. This research is normative legal research that focuses on analyzing legal issues. Analysis of legal issues is essential in legal research oriented to prescriptions or legal solutions to the problems being discussed. The approach in this study uses a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study confirm that the implications of disharmony of sustainable agricultural law policies in various laws and regulations in Indonesia need to make legal harmonization in planning, formulating, and evaluating legislation. Future improvements to the legal politics of sustainable agriculture in Indonesia can be carried out by harmonization of legal policies related to sustainable agriculture by revising the PP PBP to include sustainable agriculture as one of its regulatory substances.

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Thiers, Paul. "The Politics of Sustainable Agriculture." Environmental Conservation 23, no. 2 (June 1996): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900038649.

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7

Nelson, John. "The politics of industrial agriculture." Food Policy 19, no. 6 (December 1994): 585–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(94)90051-5.

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Getz, Christy, Sandy Brown, and Aimee Shreck. "Class Politics and Agricultural Exceptionalism in California's Organic Agriculture Movement." Politics & Society 36, no. 4 (December 2008): 478–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032329208324709.

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9

Abrell, Elan Louis. "From Livestock to Cell-stock." TSANTSA – Journal of the Swiss Anthropological Association 26 (June 30, 2021): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/tsantsa.2021.26.6943.

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The nascent cellular agriculture industry seeks to produce cell-cultured animal tissue for human consumption. Effectively rendering farmed animals obsolete in food production could mitigate an array of harms inflicted by industrial animal farming on the environment, public health, and human and animal wellbeing, but achieving this outcome is contingent on cellular agriculture entrepreneurs successfully creating a product that closely resembles conventional meat enough to appeal to consumers despite its synthetic origins. This article examines how these politics of resemblance may shape and limit the realization of the industry’s potential benefits. Specifically, it argues that, while cellular agriculture can only realize such benefits through the facilitation of agricultural animal obsolescence, its potential for positive transformations in food production may ultimately be blunted by the degree to which a failure to extend the politics of resemblance from the consumer market to the labor market renders agricultural human laborers obsolete as well.

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Walgate, Robert. "European agriculture: Politics before scientific advice." Nature 322, no. 6082 (August 1986): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/322762a0.

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Дисертації з теми "Agriculture and politics"

1

Agyare, Jimima. "The politics and governance of GM agriculture in Africa." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518757.

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Moosbrugger, Lorelei K. "Institutions with environmental consequences : the politics of agrochemical policy-making /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3027042.

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3

Nigro, Justin Anthony. "The Politics of Change: Reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1145824988.

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Carriere, Jason Lee. "The political ecology of sewage sludge the collision of science, politics, and human values/." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1203585801&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 2006.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146 - 153). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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5

Whitaker, James Long. "The union of Demeter with Zeus : agriculture and politics in modern Syria." Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1160/.

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Sánchez, Dávila Mario Elmer. "Comprender la agricultura en los Andes peruanos: Economía y política en la comunidad de Yanque (Caylloma, Arequipa)." Escuela de Antropología de la Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano (UAHC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622619.

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Este artículo analiza la agricultura en el mundo andino a través del caso de la comunidad de Yanque, distrito de la provincia de Caylloma, departamento de Arequipa (Perú). La agricultura es su principal actividad social debido a la vital importancia colectiva de sus dimensiones económicas y políticas, que muestran cómo Yanque es una comunidad andina que, en el siglo XXI, continúa preservando la tradición de sus herencias culturales mientras se encuentra inserta en modernos cambios sociales que conllevan los dinámicos procesos de interrelación con sociedades urbanas y globales capitalistas.
This paper analyzes agriculture in the andean world through the case of the community of Yanque, district of Caylloma province, department of Arequipa (Peru). Agriculture is the main social activity because of the vital collective importance of its economic and politics dimensions, that show how Yanque is an Andean community that, in the 21st century, continues to preserve the tradition of its cultural heritages while it is inserted in modern social changes that entail the dynamic processes of interrelation with urban and global capitalist societies.

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7

Pile, Stephen John. "The private farmer : transformation and legitimation in advanced capitalist agriculture." Thesis, University of London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310515.

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8

Bach, Claire Emmanuelle. "Citizen-led Urban Agriculture and the Politics of Spatial Reappropriation in Montreal, Quebec." PDXScholar, 2016. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3366.

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Urban Agriculture (UA) has been practiced in Montreal, Quebec for well over a century. In the last five years or so, a renewed enthusiasm for UA has manifested itself in the form of citizen-led UA projects. The latter are often established in residual spaces, from vacant lots to sidewalks, and alleyways. These more spontaneous and informal UA practices point to a shift in how urban inhabitants perceive and use urban space. Through a case study of informal UA projects in Montreal, QC, this work brings attention to the dynamics surrounding the establishment of citizen-led UA projects, paying special attention to their complex structure. Indeed, although they are usually initiated by groups of citizens, other actors are either directly or indirectly involved, including non-profit organizations, municipal officials, or business owners. To better understand these processes, I ask the following questions: Why are citizens in Montreal reappropriating vacant and underused urban spaces for UA? How are these spaces being established, and who is involved? How might these spaces and the social relations forged within them, contribute--or not--to a democratic urban politics? Bringing together existing scholarship on critical urban agriculture, radical democracy, and urban geography, this research exposes some of the inherent tensions present in contemporary UA. This work demonstrates that collective UA projects exist simultaneously as a political practice, and one that might not significantly alter the existing spatial and social orders.

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Lyne, T. G. "The politics of agriculture : Le Mouvement pour la Defense de l'Exploitation Familial 1959-1982." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377097.

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Fernandez, Inara. "Control and Continuity: Sustainability, Land Rights, and the Politics of Food in Guatemala." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19725.

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This thesis seeks to understand the intersection of cultural identity and food security in a country that has had a difficult time feeding its people. The discourse on food in Guatemala, in the realm of development and international studies, maintains a focus on the lack thereof. Moreover, the author examines the food traditions and beliefs people in Guatemala feel are important as well as the obstacles they face in realizing food self-sufficiency. Many Guatemalans have an intimate connection with their land, and unequal land distribution hinders farmers’ abilities to access the foods they most value. In addition to this, the unfolding sustainable development agenda has resulted in biofuel projects that threaten the livelihoods of many rural farmers. Through interviews with chefs, agricultural workers, and agricultural commodity traders, the author pieces together the differing perspectives of various stakeholders to present a complex mosaic of Guatemalan foodways.

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Книги з теми "Agriculture and politics"

1

Clunies-Ross, Tracey. The politics of industrial agriculture. 2nd ed. Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2009.

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2

Nicholas, Hildyard, ed. The politics of industrial agriculture. London: Earthscan Publications, 1992.

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3

Clunies-Ross, Tracey. The politics of industrial agriculture. 2nd ed. Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2009.

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4

Clunies-Ross, Tracey. The politics of industrial agriculture. 2nd ed. Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2009.

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5

Nicholas, Hildyard, and International Institute for Environment and Development., eds. The politics of industrial agriculture. 2nd ed. Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2009.

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6

F, Szczepanik Edward, and Legg Wilfrid, eds. New limits on European agriculture: Politics and the common agricultural policy. Totowa, N.J: Rowman & Allanheld, 1985.

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7

Sharma, Devinder. GATT and India: The politics of agriculture. New Delhi: Konark Publishers, 1994.

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8

1974-, Higgins Vaughan, and Lawrence Geoffrey, eds. Agricultural governance: Globalization and the new politics of regulation. London: Routledge, 2005.

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9

Wordie, J. R., ed. Agriculture and Politics in England, 1815–1939. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230514775.

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10

Moyer, H. Wayne. Agricultural policy reform: Politics and process in the EC and USA. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990.

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Частини книг з теми "Agriculture and politics"

1

Breen, Richard, Damian F. Hannan, David B. Rottman, and Christopher T. Whelan. "Agriculture: Policy and Politics." In Understanding Contemporary Ireland, 184–208. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20464-9_9.

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2

Self, Peter, and Herbert J. Storing. "The Politics Of Agriculture." In The State and the Farmer, 193–211. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003385745-9.

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3

Boardman, Robert. "Regulatory Politics in Malaysia." In Pesticides in World Agriculture, 150–72. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18231-2_8.

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4

Clapp, Jennifer, and Sarah J. Martin. "Food and agriculture." In Routledge Handbook of Global Environmental Politics, 593–605. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003008873-49.

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5

Olsson, Lennart. "Politics of Soils and Agriculture in a Warming World." In Regenerative Agriculture, 21–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72224-1_2.

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6

McClintock, Nathan, Christiana Miewald, and Eugene McCann. "The politics of urban agriculture." In The Routledge Handbook on Spaces of Urban Politics, 361–74. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315712468-36.

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Johnson, D. Gale. "Politics and Economics and Farmers." In World Agriculture in Disarray, 1–10. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21248-4_1.

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Boardman, Robert. "The Politics of Regulatory Unevenness." In Pesticides in World Agriculture, 133–49. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18231-2_7.

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9

Sodano, Valeria. "Politics of Nanotechnologies in Food and Agriculture." In Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 21–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58496-6_2.

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10

Hendriks, Gizelle. "The National Politics of International Trade Reform: The Case of Germany." In Regulating Agriculture, 149–62. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003395263-8.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Agriculture and politics"

1

Georgieva, Tanya. "PRODUCER PRICE RISK IN BULGARIAN AGRICULTURE." In 4th International Scientific – Business Conference LIMEN 2018 – Leadership & Management: Integrated Politics of Research and Innovations. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia et all, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2018.612.

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2

Nikolić, Marija, Tamara Paunović, and Milena B. Stevović. "AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE IN SERBIA – ATTITUDES OF FARMERS." In Sixth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2020.389.

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In modern agriculture, farmers face certain problems in obtaining necessary information and improving agricultural production. This paper aimed to reveal the standpoints of farmers related to the role of agricultural extension services (AES) as a source of information and farmers’ opinion on the quality of work of extension officers. In order to examine this goal, two municipalities were selected, Alibunar and Kruševac. A total of 65 farmers were included in the research and a survey of their attitudes was conducted. The analysis of farmers’ attitudes indicates that some of them are still not sufficiently familiar with the work of extension service. In the municipality of Alibunar, the most important source of information is other farmers, although half of them regularly use services of AES. Farmers in Kruševac are more focused on using the services of extension officers, which they value as the most important source of information related to agricultural production. Farmers from both municipalities think that the work of extension officers, both in terms of transparency and quality of information, can be improved.

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3

Suratno, Ujang. "The Legal Politics of Irrigation Management in Developing Agroindustry in Facing the Industrial Revolution 4.0." In International Conference on Agriculture, Social Sciences, Education, Technology and Health (ICASSETH 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200402.032.

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L., Borovik, and Tanklevska N. "THE METHODOLOGY OF ACCOMPLISHING OF ASSESSMENT OF EFFICIENCY OF REGIONAL INVESTMENT POLITICS OF THE AGRICULTURE FORMATION." In TOURISM OF THE XXI CENTURY: GLOBAL CHALLENGES AND CIVILIZATION VALUES. Київський національний торговельно-економічний університет, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/k.knute.2020-06-01.94.

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Lon, Yohanes S. "Examining the Role of Politics in the Ministerial Duties of Catholic Priests." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Education, Humanities, Health and Agriculture, ICEHHA 2023, 15-16 December 2023, Ruteng, Flores, Indonesia. EAI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.15-12-2023.2345648.

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Mihailov, Penyu. "LAND RENT AS A SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINATION." In SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT - CURRENT PRACTICES AND SOLUTIONS 2019. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/slm2019.26.

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The issues of land rents are of particular importance today, the new times have brought them to the fore, now they are new dimensions. Previously in the works of Plato, Xenophon and others it was mentioned but not used as a term. With the entry of capitalism into agricultural politics - everyone talks about it. Agriculture became the main branch of social production, and rent became the object of study. Contribution to the development of the problem have: У. Petit, Fr. F. P?ti, F. Kenet, A. Smith, D. The work of Marx is indisputable. The neoclassical theory advocates a subjective treatment of the problem -opposed to Marx. The reasons are to be sought in the following circumstances: capitalism has undergone fundamental changes; it has entered a stage of global integration; the scientific-technical revolution has raised it to a greater height; new technologies have entered the economy; electronization, robotization, computerization, science has penetrated all spheres of life, has become an immediate productive force; it is rising to a higher level; production is being naturalized, it is becoming a field of application of science. History, however, follows its own logic. The immature economic forms of production do not submit to exact theoretical reflections; as they change, so do our ideas about them.

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Kosanovic, Nada, and Suncica Vjestica. "SUSTAINABLE VILLAGES." In Sixth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2020.399.

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Despite the fact that we live in a country where the farmers' associations are created among the first on the Old Continent, and where one of the first Institute for Nature Protection is created, statistics warn us that the demise of several hundred Serbian villages and thus the emptying of strategically important areas of the state of Serbia today, is a serious development problem. In this paper an analysis of the rural, age and educational structure of the population, in rural areas of the Republic of Serbia, has been performed. The authors believe that the situation is not hopeless and point out that the sustainable development of the village is possible only if favorable local preconditions for it are met. Therefore, it is necessary to revive and institutionally expand the competencies of rural local communities as a form of local rural self-government in the Serbian folk tradition. Accordingly, decentralization and polycentric development are the main conditions for the renewal of the population and devastated parts of Serbia. Moreover, native networks and integrated rural development are models applicable through LAP in accordance with the characteristics of the area. Nowadays, it is necessary to raise people's awareness of the importance of rural survival and sustainable management of resources in agriculture, i.e. to breathe new life into rural areas, which would also be a motive for staying in the countryside.

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8

Barnett, Vic. "The role of consultancy in university education and professional training in statistics." In Proceedings of the First Scientific Meeting of the IASE. International Association for Statistical Education, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.93401.

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Statistical education and training at tertiary level encompasses a very wide range of actives. There are the short "service" courses for students studying, say, engineering or medicine or politics (often of just 10 or 20 hours providing testing or regression) often nowadays linked to some computational software system. At the next level we encounter in some disciplines such as agriculture, economics or social science, a number of "designer" courses spanning a fair proportion of the study time, perhaps up to one third of the overall programme. Finally, there are full statistics programmers for students of statistics per se (or mathematics programmes oriented to non-deterministic mathematics) where most of the study time is spent on the concepts, methods and practice of probability and statistics, with the inevitable supporting coverage of relevant mathematical material.

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9

Camelia, Slave, and Man Carmen Mihaela. "Water – Renewable and Protected Natural Resource." In Seventh International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2021.321.

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Water is a “renewable, vulnerable and limited natural resource, an indispensable element for life and society, raw material for productive activities, energy source and transport, decisive in maintaining the ecological balance.” But is water, really, an inexhaustible and permanently renewable element? This is the question that can only be answered by implementing all methods, levers, domestic and international efforts aimed at protecting water and maintaining its natural and permanent circuit in nature. As water is a natural resource with great economic value in all its forms of use, conservation, reuse and saving of water are imperative objectives, which are to be achieved through the development of environmental awareness, the application of economic stimulus and the application of sanctions to those which violate legal rules on water protection. The protection of water quality at the national and international level involves a vast and complex activity of cooperation and collaboration based on domestic legislation and international treaties and conventions to which Romania is a party. The planet’s waters are a unitary whole, but their legal protection regimes vary depending on the category of waters that are protected. As a result of the diversity of legal regimes for water protection, the need for international cooperation has been imposed in order to prevent and combat water pollution, its judicious administration and management. The main normative acts include objectives and rules such as conservation, development and protection of water resources, protection against any forms of pollution and modification of water characteristics, complex use of water as an economic resource, their rational and balanced distribution, conservation and protection of aquatic ecosystems, protection against floods and other dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena, meeting the water requirements of industry, agriculture, tourism, transport and any human activities.

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Stromská, Eliška, Dominika Tóthová, and Katarína Melichová. "Dopady společné zemědělské politiky EU na české zemědělce v období 2014–2020." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-70.

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The implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU in the Czech Republic brought many changes in the functioning and financing of agriculture in the Czech Republic with political, economic, and social impacts and many challenges and threats for Czech farmers. Since the Czech Republic acceded to the EU, the Common Agricultural Policy has been reformed several times. The aim of the article is to evaluate the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy on Czech farmers in 2014–2020. The evaluation is based on a qualitative survey among selected farmers in the Moravian-Silesian and Olomouc regions. The research results show that enterprises positively evaluate financial stability and the overall protection of the agricultural sector. Support for the diversification of agriculture and support for the investment was also highlighted. On the contrary, the administrative burden, great emphasis on cross compliance rules, differences in the payments in EU countries, reducing the competitiveness of Czech agriculture and unfavourable conditions for livestock farmers were assessed negatively.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Agriculture and politics"

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Dancer, Helen, and Imogen Bellwood-Howard. COVID-19 and Social Differentiation in African Agriculture. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.044.

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This brief presents a summary of key findings from a multi-country study of social differentiation in African agricultural value chains in the context of COVID-19. It aims to understand how trends in the politics and participation of different actors in agriculture have contributed to patterns of social differentiation, and how these patterns have interacted with the shock of COVID-19. It brings attention both to the implications of political decision-making and the effects of the pandemic on value chain structures and those working within the sector.

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Bellwood-Howard, Imogen, and Helen Dancer. Politics, Power and Social Differentiation in African Agricultural Value Chains: The Effects of COVID-19. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.027.

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Since the structural adjustment policies of the 1980s, policymaking at a national and continental level has increasingly turned to agricultural commercialisation as the foundation for Africa’s long-term nutrition and food security. However, socio-economic inequalities, land tenure and food insecurity, as well as livelihood and income precarities remain widespread challenges. The effects of shocks, such as COVID-19, have overlaid emergent and entrenched patterns of social differentiation that shape access to resources, markets, and other opportunities for those involved in commercial agriculture. This paper considered the impacts of COVID-19 on value chains in Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, to ask: 1) What can political settlements analyses tell us about agricultural value chains and responses to COVID-19 in the countries studied? 2) How are structures and power relations throughout the value chains and actors’ responses to COVID-19 related to social differentiation in the context of African agriculture?

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Bach, Claire. Citizen-led Urban Agriculture and the Politics of Spatial Reappropriation in Montreal, Quebec. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5257.

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Remi Aiyede, Emmanuel. Agricultural Commercialisation and the Political Economy of Cocoa and Rice Value Chains in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.005.

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Nigeria has sought to diversify its economy away from dependence on oil as a major source of government revenue through agricultural commercialisation. Agriculture has been a priority sector because it has very high growth potential and the greatest potential for employment and export revenue. The cocoa and rice value chains are central to the government’s engagement with agriculture to achieve these objectives. This paper sets out to investigate the underlying political economy dynamics of the commercialisation of the cocoa and rice value chains in Nigeria in terms of smallholder farm households’ shift from semi-subsistence agriculture to production primarily for market, and predominantly commercial medium- and large-scale farm enterprises complementing or replacing smallholder farm households.

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Sithole, Enoch. Climate change journalism in South Africa: noticeable improvements, less than adequate. FOJO media institute, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15626/fojo.s.202301.

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The media coverage of climate change in South Africa is on the increase, although several issue requiring attention have been identified. These include i) the fact that media coverage ismostly influenced by events such as climate conferences and disasters; ii) a tendency toapproach climate change as a beat, instead of incorporating it in other beats since the climatecrisis impacts various issues, such as economics, health, politics, food security, agriculture, etc.This has often resulted in a scenario where some of the impacts of climate change are underreported;iii) most of the reporting is found in online media and sometimes behind paywalls;and iv) although showing some improvements, there is a reliance on stories from foreign newsnetworks, something that might suggest that the climate crisis is not of local concern. Overallclimate communication by key stakeholders such as the government and the business sector isparticularly inadequate. Having conducted a mapping of media coverage by 11 publicationsand interviewed 42 key stakeholders, this study has made several recommendations whichinclude the training of climate journalists and the conscientization of media houses to improvereporting on the crisis. Government, in particular, has been implored to engage in climatechange communication to catapult societal discourse on the subject and improve mediareporting.

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Garrett, Thomas A., Thomas L. Marsh, and Maria I. Marshall. Political Allocation of Agriculture Disaster Payments in the 1990s. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2003.005.

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Swinnen, Johan. The political economy of agricultural and food policies. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896293830_14.

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Vos, Rob, Will Martin, and Danielle Resnick. The political economy of reforming agricultural support policies. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136545.

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D'Silva, Brian, Rashid Hassan, Abdelrahman Hutur, Sami Ibrahim, Hala Abushama, Khalid Siddig, and Oliver K. Kirui. Political constraints and opportunities for agricultural investment in Sudan. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136628.

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Just, Richard E., Eithan Hochman, and Sinaia Netanyahu. Problems and Prospects in the Political Economy of Trans-Boundary Water Issues. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573997.bard.

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The objective of this research was to develop and apply a conceptual framework for evaluating the potential of trans-boundary bargaining with respect to water resource sharing. The research accomplished this objective by developing a framework for trans-boundary bargaining, identifying opportunities for application, and illustrating the potential benefits that can be gained thereby. Specifically, we have accomplished the following: - Developed a framework to measure the potential for improving economic efficiency considering issues of political feasibility and sustainability that are crucial in trans-boundary cooperation. - Used both cooperative and non-cooperative game theory to assess feasible coalitions among the parties involved and to model potential bargaining procedures. - Identified empirically alternative schemes of cooperation that both improve upon the economic efficiency of present water usage and appease all of the cooperating parties. - Estimated the potential short-run and long-run affects of water reallocation on the agricultural sector and used this information to understand potential strategies taken by the countries in bargaining processes. - Performed case studies in Israeli-Jordanian relations, the relationship of Israel to the Palestinian Authority, and cooperation on the Chesapeake Bay. - Published or have in process publication of a series of refereed journal articles. - Published a book which first develops the theoretical framework, then presents research results relating to the case studies, and finally draws implications for water cooperation issues generally. Background to the Topic The increase in water scarcity and decline in water quality that has resulted from increased agricultural, industrial, and urban demands raises questions regarding profitability of the agricultural sector under its present structure. The lack of efficient management has been underscored recently by consecutive years of drought in Israel and increased needs to clean up the Chesapeake Bay. Since agriculture in the Middle East (Chesapeake Bay) is both the main water user (polluter) and the low-value user (polluter), a reallocation of water use (pollution rights) away from agriculture is likely with further industrial and urban growth. Furthermore, the trans-boundary nature of water resources in the case of the Middle East and the Chesapeake Bay contributes to increased conflicts over the use of the resources and therefore requires a political economic approach. Major Conclusions, Solutions, Achievements and Implications Using game theory tools, we critically identify obstacles to cooperation. We identify potential gains from coordination on trans-boundary water policies and projects. We identify the conditions under which partial (versus grand) coalitions dominate in solving water quality disputes among riparian countries. We identify conditions under which linking water issues to unrelated disputes achieves gains in trans-boundary negotiations. We show that gains are likely only when unrelated issues satisfy certain characteristics. We find conditions for efficient water markets under price-determined and quantity-determined markets. We find water recycling and adoption of new technologies such as desalination can be part of the solution for alleviating water shortages locally and regionally but that timing is likely to be different than anticipated. These results have been disseminated through a wide variety of publications and oral presentations as well as through interaction with policymakers in both countries.

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