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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Agricultural labour relations"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Agricultural labour relations"

Centre for Rural Legal Studies. "New agricultural labour relations legislation." Review of African Political Economy 21, no. 61 (September 1994): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056249408704073.

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Barua, Dr Kakali. "AGRICULTURAL LABOUR AND RURAL LABOUR RELATIONS IN WEST BENGAL ." International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research 6, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 2105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2021.v06i07.006.

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Yaro, Joseph Awetori, Joseph Kofi Teye, and Gertrude Dzifa Torvikey. "Historical Context of Agricultural Commercialisation in Ghana: Changes in Land and Labour Relations." Journal of Asian and African Studies 53, no. 1 (July 6, 2016): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909616657368.

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This paper provides a broad review of agrarian change in Ghana by highlighting the major developments in the agrarian political economy and their implications for agricultural commercialisation and its modifying influence on land tenure systems, livelihoods, production systems, social relations, and labour relations. While current land tenure arrangements and labour relations in Africa are often explained in terms of globalisation, we argue that the historical context of agricultural commercialisation in Ghana shows continuities and discontinuities in agrarian relations from the colonial period to the present. We also argue that changes over the years have blended with globalisation to produce the distinct forms of labour relations that we see today. The commercialisation of agriculture in Ghana has evolved progressively from the colonial era aided by policies of coercion, persuasion and incentives to its current globalised form. The expansion in the range of commodities over time necessarily increased the demand for more land and labour. The article contributes to the literature by providing great insights into changes in land and labour relations due to increasing commercialisation, and how these enhanced wealth accumulation for the richer segments of society and global capital to the detriment of the poor throughout Ghana’s agrarian history.

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Kusz, Dariusz. "LABOR EFFICIENCY AND CHANGES IN SELECTED RELATIONS OF PRODUCTION FACTORS IN AGRICULTURE IN POLAND." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7872.

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The purpose of the work was the evaluation of changes in the effectiveness of the use of labor in agriculture against a background of changes in the relation of production factors. The analysis is presented on a regional basis. The empirical material consisted of CSO statistical data from 2000-2016. The following diagnostic variables were used for analysis: (1) the value of gross agricultural output per one employed in agriculture, (2) technical work equipment – the gross value of fixed assets in agriculture per one employed in agriculture, (3) the number of people working in agriculture per 100 hectares of agricultural land (AL), (4) technical equipment of agricultural land – the gross value of fixed assets in agriculture per 1 hectare of AL. Based on a set of diagnostic features describing individual voivodships in Poland, their classification was performed using the cluster analysis of the Ward method. A decrease in the technical equipment of labor was recorded, and an increase in the technical equipment of agricultural land and the number of people working in agriculture per 100 hectares of AL. At the same time, these changes varied in individual groups of voivodships. Analysis of regional differentiation demonstrates that, in voivodships with much more favorable relations of production, labour efficiency was higher. In addition, in these voivodships, the average annual rate of changes in labor efficiency was also at a higher level. This may result in a growing disparity in the level of farming efficiency.

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Domşodi, Dana. "Labour Relations and Labour Structures in Mediterranean Capitalism. Caporalato and Romanian Migration in the Southern Italian Agriculture." Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Sociologia 64, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/subbs-2019-0006.

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Abstract In this paper I will examine the structural and social features of the gang-mastered labour system (caporalato) as it appears in the agricultural production process in Italy. I will discuss the functions of this type of labour regime through an analysis of the role (Romanian) migrant labour plays in the Italian agriculture process and its need for the (informal) labour market mediation in agriculture. My aim is to critically map the function of caporalato within a production circuit that starts with the low price imposed on agricultural goods, and ends up at the top of the production process, namely with the food empires and corporate retail and distribution chains. The economic constraint for an ever cheaper labourforce, and its social context, will guide our critique of caporalato

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van Schendel, Willem. "What Is Agrarian Labour? Contrasting Indigo Production in Colonial India and Indonesia." International Review of Social History 60, no. 1 (February 10, 2015): 73–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859015000012.

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AbstractIn scholarly writings, the term “agrarian labour” is used variously. It can refer to a very specific set of productive activities – the cultivation of crops and animal husbandry – but it can also have the much broader connotation of rural or non-urban labour. These different uses can be confusing, especially in comparative research. This paper starts from the French comparative agriculture school and its conceptualization of three nested scales of analysis – the “cropping system”, the “activity system”, and the “agrarian system”. It tests these ideas in a comparison of labour employed in the production of indigo dye in two colonial systems (British India and the Dutch East Indies). The article concludes that this approach helps counteract monocausal explanations of labour relations in terms of agro-environmental determinants, the force of colonial capitalism, or local work cultures. It also promotes agriculture-sensitive readings of social transformations by comparing social orders that comprise both agricultural and non-agricultural labour relations.

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Amanor, Kojo Sebastian. "Family Values, Land Sales and Agricultural Commodification in South-Eastern Ghana." Africa 80, no. 1 (February 2010): 104–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0001972009001284.

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It is argued that land shortage and the decline of new frontier areas results in increasing conflicts over rights to land and to labour. This constrains land sales and agricultural land becomes increasingly transferred though sharecropping and the commodification of user rights in land, rather than through the evolution of clearly defined land markets. Smallholder agriculture increasingly becomes an individual undertaking, in which labour is hired, and rights to land are acquired rather than allocated within the family. Agricultural relations of production become increasingly commodified and the moral economy of the family is undermined and increasingly socially differentiated. The article traces historically the emergence of these production relations in south-east Ghana.

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Asomah, Joseph Yaw. "Understanding the Role of the State in Promoting Capitalist Accumulation: A Case Study of the Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program." Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology 3, no. 2 (November 11, 2014): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cgjsc.v3i2.3751.

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There is limited in-depth research focusing on how the state exerts power and its influence through immigration laws, policies and practices in structuring the relations of labour and capital in a manner that reflects capitalist interests. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the role of the state in fostering capitalist accumulation, using the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP) as a case study, and to consider the implications for policy. This paper addresses these questions: What shapes and reproduces labour-capital relations with reference to SAWP? What are the repercussions of these relations, particularly on the international migrant workers? What should be the role of the state and law in transforming these relations? The paper draws on a constellation of insights from neoliberal globalization, segmentation of labour theory, and a conceptual overview of the role of the state in regulating labour-capital relations to illuminate the discussions. This paper helps broaden our current understanding of how the state faciliates capitalist accumulation in the agricultural sector in Canada through immigration policies and practices with reference to the SAWP. The paper therefore makes a contribution to the theoretical debates on the role of the state in the facilitation of capitalist accumulation in agriculture.

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Kushnerev, I. M. "About development of social partnership in the agricultural sector of the Kursk region." Normirovanie i oplata truda v sel'skom hozyajstve (Rationing and remuneration of labor in agriculture), no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-06-2008-01.

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In connection with the spread of coronavirus infection in end of April, a meeting took place by correspondence Kursk regional tripartite Commission on regulation of social-labor relations to discuss current issues, including "About implementation of the decision of the Kursk regional tripartite Commission on regulation socially-labour relations of 23 April 2018 No. 2 on the issue "About the state and measures for further development of social partnership in the agro-industrial complex".

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FORCLAZ, AMALIA RIBI. "A New Target for International Social Reform: The International Labour Organization and Working and Living Conditions in Agriculture in the Inter-War Years." Contemporary European History 20, no. 3 (July 8, 2011): 307–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777311000336.

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AbstractThe economic, political and social imperative of reforming working conditions in agriculture, improving rural living standards and promoting rural development emerged as an international issue in the inter-war years. Despite a growing interest in the history of international organisations, historical research has hitherto made little reference to co-operative efforts and standard-setting in agriculture before the Second World War. This article seeks to fill the gap by examining the process whereby the International Labour Organization (ILO) learned about the specificities of the agricultural sector. It illustrates the ILO's early interest in rural workers and agricultural issues, which it addressed through special committees. Hampered by the challenging diversity of agricultural work and the perceived lack of national organisations and legislation, it was not until the late 1930s that the ILO carried out proper surveys on social issues in agriculture. Set up in the late 1930s, the history of the ILO's Permanent Agricultural Committees illustrates the results of a learning process which eventually positioned the ILO as a focal point of technical expertise, and enabled it to embrace an ever widening and interdisciplinary vision of agricultural labour and labour relations.

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Дисертації з теми "Agricultural labour relations"

Petersen, Emelda. "A theoretical framework for the labour relations between the farmer and farm workers during industrial strike actions." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2671.

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Thesis (MTech (Public Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
The purpose of this study was to analyse the labour relations of the workers in the agricultural sector, with reference to the De Doors area in the Western Cape. Despite the political, social and economic changes to better the lives of the farm workers that have been implemented to rectify the inequalities of the past, the labour conditions on farms stayed unchanged. It is evident that there is a gap in the labour relations in the agricultural sector, due to the 2012/13 strike actions that took place. Qualitative research methodology was employed in the study; it provided the researcher with the opportunity to personally interact with the farm workers. It further allowed the researcher to gain a holistic understanding of the daily lives of the farm workers which would foster a better understanding of their daily struggles. Interviews were used as method of data collection. This methodology also enables the researcher to interpret and describe the actions of participants. Good labour relations play a vital role in any industry or organisation. Farm workers are generally classified as vulnerable and the most exploited group of the South African society. They often work irregular hours throughout the year in various weather settings. Regardless of the physical strain that their jobs entail, farm workers earn a low wage and are often deprived of the basic benefits that an employee should be entitled to. This was the reason the farm workers embarked on a strike in 2012/13. The researcher proposed recommendations to the Agricultural department on how to improve the labour relations on the farms in the De Doorns area by suggesting that more labour inspectors are being employed to oversee that legislation are implemented. Skills Development needs to be become compulsory for all farm workers as farming is becoming more technological. Skills Development unlocks talents and creative energy for the farm workers which have a positive impact on production.

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Goodman, Bruce (Bruce Edward) Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Gardening Guatemala: the influence of export vegetables on land and labour relations in the Mayan highlands." Ottawa, 1992.

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Grimbeek, Linda. "Die implikasie van 'n minimumloon vasstelling vir die landbousektor in die Noordwes-provinsie / Linda Grimbeek." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1688.

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Poverty is a significant world wide issue. Although literature on the impact of a minimum wage in the agricultural sector is rather limited, previous empirical research shows that employment was reduced with the implementation of a minimum wage. The following questions are studied: - Does the implementation of a minimum wage have any effect on employment in the agricultural sector of the North-West province? - Is there any relation between poverty and unemployment? - Does the implementation of a minimum wage and sectoral determination have any impact on social-economic issues. The empirical study is carried out by way of a questionnaire from which responses are investigated. A random sample was used to evaluate the effect of a minimum wage on employment and social-economic factors in the North-West province. The target population includes all the affiliated members of Agri North-West. This group is negative about labour laws and experiences that the implementation of a minimum wage has a negative effect on employment. The agricultural sector provides many job opportunities in South Africa. Seeing that a minimum wage has a negative impact on employment in the North-West province, further research is recommended.
Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

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Subramaniam, Kandasamy 1953. "Attitudes of agriculture instructors toward their job in northern province, Sri Lanka." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277306.

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The purpose of this study was to appraise the attitudes of agricultural instructors providing village extension services in the northern province of Sri Lanka toward their job in the agriculture extension service. Major findings indicate in the aggregate, agricultural instructors like their job and have a good attitude toward their job. The job factors offering the agricultural instructors the positive attitudes are the communication established between agricultural instructors and various layers of administration, the intrinsic reward of the job itself, and the relationship with co-workers and the working conditions. The job factors offering the negative attitudes was the pay and its adequacy for a comfortable living. Attitudes of agricultural instructors toward the job and its relationship with service were not significantly varied with service.

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Irwin, Emily. "Labor on Vermont Dairy Farms: A Producer Perspective." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/968.

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To compete with larger, more efficient dairy farms, build resilience against increasingly volatile milk prices, and increase farm income, farms in traditional dairy states such as New York, Wisconsin, and Vermont, have been forced to expand their herds and increase production. Many dairy farmers do not have formal training in human resources management, and find the transition to a larger, non-family workforce to be challenging. In addition, farmers who have transitioned to a primarily Latinx workforce also face considerable cultural and language barriers. The quality of human resource management can have a significant impact on a farm business, and evidence suggests that intentional human resource management can result in healthier cows, higher profits, and lower employee turnover (Billikopf & Gonzalez, 2012; Erskine, Martinez, & Contreras, 2015; Stup, 2006). This thesis explores two essential components of human resource management on dairy farms: the employer-employee relationship, and the components of a competitive wage and non-wage benefit package. Both articles rely upon thirty surveys conducted in Addison County, Vermont, from December 2017 to January 2018. In the first article, using the qualitative data collected in the survey, I apply the concept of precarious employment to the employer-employee relationship on dairy farms in Addison County. Although I discover some evidence of precarity, I also find examples of worker control over working conditions, specifically regarding worker recruitment, termination, wage rates, and hours. In the second article, I use the quantitative data we collected regarding wages, and the estimates provided by farmers for the value of the non-wage benefits offered to employees, to outline the structure of a typical compensation package for Addison County dairy employees. I find that that more than half of employers provide Latinx employees with housing, utilities, internet, satellite TV, a bonus, transportation, farm products, and vacation time. In terms of non-wage benefits offered to U.S. workers, more than half of employers provide housing, utilities, a bonus, farm products, sick time, and vacation time. I also find that including the producer-estimated value of the typical non-wage benefits offered to employees, the median total hourly compensation for Latinx workers is $12.62. American dairy workers in Addison County earn a median total hourly compensation with a range of $21.32 to $24.02. I end with a discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of our research. I also include a few recommendations for future research.

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Danysk, Cecilia 1945. "Against the grain : accommodation to conflict in labour-capital relations in Prairie agriculture, 1880-1930." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70225.

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Between the 1880s and the Great Depression agriculture emerged and matured as the mainstay of the prairie economy. Farm workers were essential to the developing economy and society, but their place in the rural west was ambiguous.
During the pioneering period, labour shortages and accessible land gave farm workers bargaining strength in the labour market and a niche in prairie society. A cooperative working relationship and a shared ideology resulted in a lack of overt conflict between labour and capital.
But as lands were taken, farm workers faced more and more the necessity of remaining as wage labourers. Their position became institutionalized.
The First World War highlighted the conflict that was fundamental to labour-capital relations, as farm workers and farmers alike bolstered their economic positions. Labour and capital entered the post-war decade recognizing the increasing divergence of their aims. Their relationship became more overtly conflictual.
Throughout this transformation, farm workers used strategies to influence the shape and rate of change in the industry and to maintain significant control over their own working lives. They responded as members of the working class, as active agents in relationships with their employers and with capitalism.

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Eljack, Ahmed M. "The supply and price of agricultural labour in relation to the development of the Sudan Gezira Scheme." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375350.

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Nandasiri, Ratnayake Mudiyanselage 1957. "Institutional constraints affecting county extension agents in Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277302.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the county extension agents' perceptions of institutional constraints to the performance of their duties within the Arizona Cooperative Extension System. Study population was 66 county extension agents in the state of Arizona. They were surveyed by mailed questionnaire. Study results indicated, on the average, most of the institutional constraints affect slightly on the county extension agents' work performance. Considerable variation observed among respondents in their perceptions of severity of the constraints. Some of the other important findings include; (1) 4-H agents perceived constraints more severe than Agriculture or Home Economic Agents. (2) County agents perceived more constraints in salary and promotion more severe than county directors. (3) County agents with more than 5 years of service perceived more of the constraints in the area of Personnel Evaluation more severe than agents with 5 years or less service.

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Miller, Elizabeth Carroll. "Farming without Farmers| Deskilling in Contract Broiler Farming." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10935955.

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Social scientists and food studies scholars have shown an enduring interest in how food is produced in our largely industrialized food system. However, there has been little research about the organization of labor on industrialized farms. These sites of production are mostly privately owned and hidden away from researchers and journalists, who are often perceived as critics or activists by farmers and other agriculturalists. My dissertation fills this gap by focusing exclusively on industrialized contract broiler farms. Contract broiler farming is a model where farmers agree to raise chickens for meat for a set amount of time, at a rate of pay based on the ratio of feed to chicken weight at slaughter. Farmers invest in the built infrastructure to execute this process, but the company they contract for is mostly in control of the upstream and downstream supply and processing chains that depend on the production of the broiler chicken for their continued functioning.

I use archival, interview, and ethnographic data to detail the history of broiler farming, the emergence of contracting, and what the experience of it is like today. The most significant and novel part of this project is my ethnographic data collected over six months spent working on two broiler farms contracted with one of the largest firms in the US. To date, no other researchers have been able to gain this level of access.

In this dissertation, I begin by exploring the role of management, detailing how the structure of the farming contract and ambiguous supervisory oversight facilitates farmer’s compliance with company demands. Then, utilizing agricultural and labor scholarship on deskilling in the labor process, I explore how poultry farming has become deskilled, robbing farmers of autonomy, the opportunity to agitate for better labor conditions, and ultimately eroding the intimate knowledge necessary to execute successful animal husbandry. Finally, I explore the games farmers play at work. While these games obscure how surplus value is appropriated from the farmer by the contracting firm, they also demonstrate farmer’s resistance and acquiescence to their deskilling and loss of autonomy.

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Mura, Marika Noemi. "The discontented farmer : state-society relations and food insecurity in rural Tanzania." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/80215/.

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In many developing countries, those people who work the land as food producers are also the ones who most suffer from food insecurity. While many studies look at the power dynamics within the food system at the global level and the role played by transnational companies in particular, this investigation starts at the local level to look into the reasons behind the high levels of food insecurity among farmers. Specifically, it analyses how the relationship between the domestic food producers and the state in Tanzania has affected food security in rural areas, in particular in farmers' households. The question it asks is: How has the relationship between the state and farmers shaped food security in rural Tanzania since its independence? A qualitative approach has been employed: farmer interviews were conducted in 8 villages located in two regions of Tanzania - Coast and Kilimanjaro - and supplemented by interviews with state officials and civil society representatives. The villages surveyed in the Coast region suffer from arid conditions and are isolated from the main road that connects Dar es Salaam to Morogoro, while the villages studied in the Kilimanjaro region are on the slopes of the mountains around the town of Usangi, far from the touristic and commercial centres of Moshi and Arusha. Through interviews with farmers in these villages, the qualitative approach of this research offers a contextualised insight into food insecurity, the problems of the agricultural sector and farmers' attitude towards the state and its policies. The interviews with state officials and representatives of civil society were employed to investigate both current agricultural policies and officials’ attitude towards small scale farmers. This thesis makes an empirical contribution to the literature on food security and state-farmer relationships. I argue that the mixture of agricultural policies implemented by the state over the years have done little to improve the livelihoods of small scale farmers that live in isolated rural areas. One of the reasons why this is so is that the policies are not framed around the needs of small scale farmers (despite them being the great majority of the farmers in the country), and hence are not welcomed positively by the communities. The results of this study identify a reciprocal distrust between the state and farmers as one of the main causes of policy failure and unsatisfactory improvements in food security in rural areas. On one side, state officials see small scale farmers as inefficient and wish for the agricultural sector to be driven by medium and large scale farmers. On the other side, most farmers tend to dismiss state officials' advice as inadequate to the reality of farming. In general, farmers see the state as a distant entity, with which they have little contact and which they do not trust. I argue that the controversial relationship between the Tanzanian state and farmers is historically grounded and has a direct link with food insecurity amongst farmers for two main reasons. First, it affects the framing, objectives and implementation of agricultural policies, which thus fail to support small scale farmers. Second, it hinders the ability of farmers to successfully cooperate and/or create a coherent farmers' movement to improve food security and address their challenges at state level. Farmers' discontent is perceived in their alienation to politics, and in their distrust towards a state that has historically not been able to address their challenges nor improve their condition.

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Книги з теми "Agricultural labour relations"

Katjiuanjo, Vemunavi. Labour relations in the agricultural sector of Namibia. Windhoek, Namibia: Farmworkers Project, Legal Assistance Centre, 1997.

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Emergent agrarian labour relations in Zimbabwe's new resettlement areas. Harare]: African Institute for Agrarian Studies, 2009.

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Chambati, Walter. Emergent agrarian labour relations in Zimbabwe's new resettlement areas. Harare]: African Institute for Agrarian Studies, 2009.

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Brand, Saskia M. A. A. Women, labour & maize: Changing agricultural systems and labour relations in a Zambian smallholders' village. 2nd ed. [Lusaka?: s.n.], 1990.

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Datta, Anjan Kumar. Land and labour relations in south-west Bangladesh: Resources, power and conflict. New York: St. Martin's Press in association with Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, Netherlands, 1998.

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Agrosystems and labour relations in European rural societies: (Middle Ages - twentieth century). Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2010.

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Datta, Anjan Kumar. Control, conflict and alliance: An analysis of land and labour relations in two Bangladesh villages. The Hague: [s.n.], 1991.

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Konings, Piet. Labour resistance in Cameroon: Managerial strategies & labour resistance in the agro-industrial plantations of the Cameroon Development Corporation. London: J. Currey, 1993.

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Danysk, Cecilia. Hired hands: Labour and the development of prairie agriculture, 1880-1930. Toronto, Ont: McClelland & Stewart, 1995.

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Ibrahim, Abdel Rahman Abbakar. The state and labour migration from western Sudan. [Khartoum?]: Development Studies and Research Centre, Faculty of Economic & Social Studies, University of Khartoum, 1987.

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Частини книг з теми "Agricultural labour relations"

Ryan, Lyndall. "The Australian Agricultural Company, the Van Diemen’s Land Company: Labour Relations with Aboriginal Landowners, 1824–1835." In Intimacies of Violence in the Settler Colony, 25–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76231-9_2.

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Pincus, Jonathan. "Wage Labour Relations in Agriculture." In Class Power and Agrarian Change, 93–146. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230374324_4.

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Skvortsov, Egor. "The Development of Labour Relations in the Digital Transformation of Agriculture." In Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation, 83–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43993-4_8.

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Vieri, Marco, Daniele Sarri, Stefania Lombardo, Marco Rimediotti, Riccardo Lisci, Valentina De Pascale, Eleonora Salvini, Carolina Perna, and Andrea Pagliai. "Tech innovation systems in agriculture." In Manuali – Scienze Tecnologiche, 4. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-044-3.04.

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The technological models related to farm machinery have had a different evolution in relation to structural and social conditions. Thus we have the American - Western model, capital intensive, with large machines and at the opposite the Asian model, labor intensive, with small and sophisticated machines suitable for small and family farms. Even if, in the large scale machinery, the implementation of new technologies requires less investment in percentage, all farm technical management system may have advantages by the new technology: a) measuring parameters and processes, b) assessing data by informatics models giving information optimization c) availabilit6y of tools to manage the single specific resource. That is Precision Farming.

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Fischer, Gundula. "Weaving gender into sustainable intensification interventions." In Sustainable agricultural intensification: a handbook for practitioners in East and Southern Africa, 1–12. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800621602.0001.

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Abstract Sustainable intensification (SI) is understood as increasing productivity without causing harm to the environment. SI can be achieved by introducing more or different inputs (e.g., new knowledge and skills, labor, chemicals, and machinery); a change to higher-yielding crops or varieties, and more productive livestock breeds; a conversion to more productive farming systems (e.g., through irrigation); or a combination of these. This chapter introduces gender concepts in agricultural development and discusses the ways in which gender concerns can be woven into SI interventions to produce more equitable outcomes. Referring to Africa RISING experiences, the chapter describes activities that can enhance women's participation in SI, measure the benefits, and transform gender relations.

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Leung, Daren Shi-Chi. "Reviving Community Agrarianism in Post-socialist China." In Beyond Global Food Supply Chains, 69–84. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3155-0_6.

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AbstractTasked with feeding 1.4 billion people, China often promotes its success in food security in relation to its self-sufficient grain production. In the post-socialist context, the reformist state has been pursuing a capital-based vertical model to integrate millions of smallholding producers into the market. Yet, the introduction of high-yield hybrid rice to increase production has resulted in a set of related crises, including widespread environmental pollution, food-safety issues and adverse impacts on rural life. However, agrarian communities are challenging these state-imposed practices of food production. This chapter explores an endogenous form of regenerative agriculture that has emerged in South China since the early 2000s, a Chinese form of food and farming activism for reviving community agrarianism. I argue that the revitalization of “traditional” farming practices as a form of xaingtu (rural) knowledge has evolved with and through local peasants’ experience and struggle over the decades. One example that combines diverse aspects of such knowledge is the “fish-duck-rice paddy”, a well-known symbiotic method of pest control that also works with native varieties, organic manure and cooperative labour. This method revives peasants’ experience of the Mao era as a cultural reference for community agrarianism. The revival of community agrarianism allows farming to be narrated as an evolving social and historical practice, not “wasting” peasants’ knowledge, in contrast to the capitalist agrarian transformation.

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Nzengya, Daniel M., and John K. Maguta. "Gendered Vulnerability to Climate Change Impacts in Selected Counties in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_169-1.

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AbstractExtreme climate change events such as frequent and prolonged droughts or floods associated with climate change can be very disruptive to peoples’ livelihoods particularly in rural settings, where people rely on the immediate environment for livelihood. Shocks in the people’s livelihoods can trigger diverse responses that include migration as a coping or adaption strategy. Migration takes many forms depending on the context and resources availability. Very few studies in Kenya have used qualitative analysis to bring up women’s voices in relation to gender, climate change, and migration, especially along hydrological gradient. This chapter presents results of qualitative research conducted from 58 participants in 2018 in three counties in Kenya, namely, Kiambu County, Machakos, and Makueni. The study sought to examine gender perceptions related to climate-induced migration, that is: whether climate change is perceived to be affecting women’s livelihood differently from that of men; examine in what ways experiences of climate induced migration differed for men and women; explore perceptions on the county government efforts to cope with climate-induced migration; and examine perceptions of the role of nongovernmental agencies in helping citizens cope with climate change. From the results obtained on ways in which climate change affected women livelihoods more than men had four themes: (1) women exerted more strain in domestic chores, child/family care, and in the farm labor; (2) women also experienced more time demands. The sources of water and firewood were getting more scarce leading to women travel long distances in search to fetch water and firewood; (3) reduced farm yields, hence inadequate food supply; and (4) the effects of time and strain demands on women was a contributory factor to women poor health and domestic conflicts. Several measures that the county government could take to assist women to cope with climate change-induced migration had five themes which include the following: (1) developing climate change mitigations, and reducing deforestation; (2) increasing water harvesting and storage; (3) develop smart agriculture through the use of drought-resistant crops and drought mitigation education; (4) encourage diversification of livelihoods; and finally (5) providing humanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable populations such as orphans and the very poor. Thirdly, the measures mentioned that NGO’s could take to assist rural communities to cope with climate change-induced migration did not vary significantly from those mentioned for county government, except probably for a new theme of increasing advocacy for climate adaption policies.

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Nzengya, Daniel M., and John Kibe Maguta. "Gendered Vulnerability to Climate Change Impacts in Selected Counties in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2045–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_169.

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"Politics of the Poor: Agricultural Labourers and Political Transformations in Uttar Pradesh." In Rural Labour Relations in India, 186–245. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315039565-9.

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"Unfree Relations and the Feminisation of Agricultural Labour in Andhra Pradesh, 1970–95." In Rural Labour Relations in India, 75–143. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315039565-7.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Agricultural labour relations"

Egorov, Vladimir, and Andrey Inshakov. "Factors of Agricultural Cooperation Development." In IX International Scientific and Practical Conference “Current Problems of Social and Labour Relations" (ISPC-CPSLR 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220208.030.

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Dashieva, Bayarma, and Anna Ukolova. "Analysis of the Influence of Agricultural Climatic Conditions on the Allocation of Labor Resources in Agriculture." In VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference 'Current problems of social and labour relations' (ISPC-CPSLR 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210322.105.

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Besshaposhnyy, Maksim, and Nikolay Platonovskiy. "The Efficiency of Grain Exports as a Factor in Increasing the Stability of the Domestic Market of Agricultural Products." In IX International Scientific and Practical Conference “Current Problems of Social and Labour Relations" (ISPC-CPSLR 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220208.009.

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Demichev, Vadim, and Anastasiya Nestratova. "Efficiency of Subsidies and Inclusive Development of Agriculture During the Implementation of State Programs." In VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference 'Current problems of social and labour relations' (ISPC-CPSLR 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210322.106.

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Skvortsov, Egor, Alexander Semin, and Ekaterina Skvortsova. "Problems of transformation of social and labour relations in conditions of agriculture robotization." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Scientific conference on New Industrialization: Global, national, regional dimension (SICNI 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/sicni-18.2019.21.

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Bal, Harun, Erhan İşcan, and Ahmet Kardaşlar. "The Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment and Industrialization: A Study on Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.01993.

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This study examines the relation between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and industrialization by analysing 6 different sector groups in Turkey using panel data of 2004-2012 period. The effect of labor, domestic and foreign investment on industrial output of the 6 sector which are Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; Mining and Quarrying; Manufacturing Industry; Electricity; Construction; Transportation and Storage Activities, has been analysed. The results show that there is a meaningful and positive relationship between sectoral employment and FDI with sectoral production for all sectors.

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ZALECKIENĖ, Jurgita. "STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF FARMER’S FARMS: CASE STUDY OF LITHUANIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.151.

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Due to historical circumstances, the development of Lithuanian commercial farmer’s farms is slow; however, farmer’s farms are very important to the vitality of rural areas while developing agricultural commodities and goods. The purpose of this article – to analyze the structural changes in farmer’s farms and present the directions of future development. Structural changes in Lithuanian farmer’s farms during the 2005 – 2015 timeframe were analyzed while looking at the diagnostic indicators, which are the following: the number of farmer’s farms, the structure of farmer’s farms according to their size, the activity units of farmer’s farms, age of farmers, farmer’s farms sources of income. In order to study the statistical data, methods of systemization, logical analysis and generalization were applied. The analysis of the statistical data suggests that the following structural changes are taking place in Lithuanian farmer’s farms: the number of registered farmer’s farms increases and the farmers’ are getting younger. One of the most significant factors causing the structural changes in holdings – the EU financial support for the agricultural development and the changing customer demands. More and more often rural areas perform residential function and new living areas are developed. There is a predominance of the small farms (up to 10 hectares). This is mainly a result of the reform in agricultural sector at the end of 20th century. Many small agricultural holdings were established due to this reform. However, significant changes occur while choosing and/or combining the activity units of the farm: the number of farms specializing in crops increases, the number of the holdings focusing on livestock and combined farming (crops and livestock) is declining; also, farmer’s farms with diversified income or the activity units grow in number. Limited opportunities to intensify agricultural production in small farmer’s farms caused the fact that activities or income were diversified. The model of family farm remains; however, the relation between activity and the usage of family’s labour in farm activity changes.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Agricultural labour relations"

Cannon, Mariah, and Pauline Oosterhoff. Bonded: Life Stories from Agricultural Communities in South-Eastern Nepal. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.003.

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In the Terai region of South-Eastern Nepal, there persists a form of agricultural bonded labour called Harwa-Charwa, rooted in agricultural feudal social relations. The Terai has a long and dynamic political history with limited employment opportunities and high levels of migration. This paper is an external qualitative analysis of over 150 life stories from individuals living in an area with high levels of bonded labour. These stories were previously analysed during a workshop through a collective participatory analysis. Both the participatory analysis and external analysis found similar mechanisms that trap people in poverty and bonded labour. The disaggregation by age in the external analysis could explain why child marriage and child labour were very important in the collective analysis but did not match the results of a baseline survey in the same geographical area that found only a few cases. The respondents were aged between 15 and 65. Child marriage and child labour had shaped the lives of the adults but have since decreased. Methodologically, the different ways of analysis diverge in their ability to differentiate timelines. The participatory analysis gives historical insights on pathways into child labour, but although some of the social norms persist this situation has changed.

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