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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Agricultural and forest environments"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 21 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Agricultural and forest environments"

Mahmoudi, Beytollah, Eric Ng, Davood Mafi-Gholami, and Fatemeh Eshaghi. "Forest Dwellers’ Dependence on Forest Resources in Semi-Arid Environments." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (February 2, 2023): 2689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032689.

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Forests remain an important resource in Iran, as most of the livelihood activities of local communities, especially in the semi-arid environment of the Zagros forests, are dependent on forest resources. The aim of this study was to identify the type and extent of forest dependency. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data from 170 households in Central Zagros. Results show that using firewood for fuel and non-fuel uses, harvesting edible and medicinal plants, agriculture and horticulture, and livestock grazing were the main forest livelihood activities undertaken by the households in the study area. On average, each household harvested 18.08 cubic meters of oak per year for water heating (bathing), baking bread, heating, cooking, heating milk and buttermilk, agricultural tools, house building, warehouses and shelters, fencing, branches for livestock, charcoal and harvesting firewood for sale. Of rural households, 72% used edible plants, and 86% used medicinal plants. Age, job, residence status, number of livestock, crop farming and household size were found to be correlated with forest dependency. Findings from this study contribute broadly to an integrated understanding of the bio-human dimensions of forest ecosystems, with specific reference to the study area.

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Rodrigues, MM, MA Uchôa, and S. Ide. "Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) in three landscapes in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 73, no. 1 (February 2013): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842013000100023.

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Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) in three landscapes in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Dung Beetles are important for biological control of intestinal worms and dipterans of economic importance to cattle, because they feed and breed in dung, killing parasites inside it. They are also very useful as bioindicators of species diversity in agricultural or natural environments. The aims of this paper were to study the species richness, and abundance of dung beetles, helping to answer the question: are there differences in the patterns of dung beetle diversity in three environments (pasture, agriculture and forest) in the municipality of Dourados, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. A total of 105 samplings were carried out weekly, from November 2005 to November 2007, using three pitfall traps in each environment. The traps were baited with fresh bovine dung, and 44,355 adult dung beetles from 54 species were captured: two from Hyborosidae and 52 from Scarabaeidae. Five species were constant, very abundant and dominant on the pasture, two in the agricultural environment, and two in the environment of Semideciduous forest. Most of the species were characterised as accessories, common and not-dominant. The species with higher abundance was Ataenius platensis Blanchard, 1844. The indexes of Shannon-Wiener diversity were: 2.90 in the pasture, 2.84 in the agricultural environment and 2.66 in the area of native forest. The medium positive presence of dung beetles in the traps in each environment were: 36.88, 42.73 and 20.18 individuals per trap, in the pasture, agricultural environment and in the native forest, respectively. The pasture environment presented a higher diversity index. The species diversity of dung beetles was superior where there was higher abundance and regularity of resource (bovine dung).

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Fail, Joseph L., Bruce L. Haines, and Robert L. Todd. "Riparian forest communities and their role in nutrient conservation in an agricultural watershed." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 2, no. 3 (1987): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300001752.

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AbstractRiparian forests situated adjacent to agricultural uplands were studied to test the hypothesis that riparian forests intercept and utilize nutrients lost from these uplands. Production rates, tissue nutrient concentrations, and nutrient accretion rates of woody plants were compared between sites that were contiguous to agricultural areas (test sites) and sites that were separated from agricultural areas by grass buffer zones (reference sites). Net primary production was 10,344 kg ha–1yr–1, but trees within a riparian forest that received runoff directly from a pigpen (test site) had production rates that were 2.5 times higher than the average for all other sites. Above ground forest nutrient accretion rates were also highest at the pigpen test site. Woody plants in test site forests had, on the average, higher branch wood and leaf nutrient concentrations than plants in reference site forests. The data provide evidence that riparian forest communities within agricultural environments absorb and retain nutrients lost from agricultural uplands. As such they are important components of agricultural ecosystems helping to maintain acceptable stream water quality. It is suggested that ecologically sound agricultural practice should include longterm maintenance of natural riparian vegetation zones within agricultural areas.

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Arunraj, Chuliath, Joseph P. Vineesh, and Thomas K. Sabu. "Darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) of forest sites and agricultural fields in the south Western Ghats (South India)." Journal of Insect Biodiversity 5, no. 3 (February 20, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2017.5.3.

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Data on the abundance, feeding guilds, flightlessness and endemic status of darkling beetles from selected forest sites and agriculture fields in the moist south Western Ghats in south India are provided. Overall abundance, diversity and evenness were higher in agriculture fields than in forest. Luprops tristis was the major species in agriculture field and Gonocephalum bilineatum in forest. Mycetophagous and detritivorous guilds were reported from the agriculture fields and detritivorous guild alone from the forests. Epigean, subterranean, corticolous, dung associated and mycetophagous darkling beetles were present in agriculture fields in contrast to the record of epigean and subterranean forms in forests. Higher abundance of flightless platynotine genus Menearchus, endemic to the Indian subcontinent in the agricultural field is attributed to the decaying organic matter availability in the open, dry environment conditions in agriculture field.

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McClain, Michael E., and Rosa E. Cossío. "The use of riparian environments in the rural Peruvian Amazon." Environmental Conservation 30, no. 3 (September 2003): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892903000237.

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River margins are valued for agriculture in the western Amazon because of their fertile soils and level surfaces. Riparian forests along river margins also provide valuable ecosystem services by protecting water quality and providing resources to aquatic organisms. Because inhabitants of the region rely on these aquatic resources, riparian deforestation may have unintended negative feedbacks on the health and well-being of rural communities. A survey of 79 households of mixed cultural background investigated how riparian environments were used, what mechanisms were in place for their conservation, and how local people valued them. Corn, beans and peanuts were cultivated preferentially in riparian areas, complementing the manioc and plantains grown on upland soils. People valued riparian areas for their ecosystem services and generally left a protective buffer of forest along rivers. Both the agricultural and ecological values of riparian areas may be preserved through proper management.

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Hora, Benedikt, Fabian Almonacid, and Alvaro González-Reyes. "Unraveling the Differences in Landcover Patterns in High Mountains and Low Mountain Environments within the Valdivian Temperate Rainforest Biome in Chile." Land 11, no. 12 (December 11, 2022): 2264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122264.

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The Valdivian temperate rainforest (VTR) is a biome on the South American continent with high endemism that has experienced an intensive land-cover change in recent decades due to the expansion of agriculture, plantations of introduced forests, and urban growth. Today, the biome hosts key parts of the country’s agricultural and forestry industries. Previous studies focused on quantifying native forest and plantation cover area and exotic forest plantation area, among others. However, the importance of mountain areas as refuge of native forest in Chile remains unexplored. The aim of this research is to highlight the role of latitude and slope on land cover in the VTR. A new methodological approach was used combining global classified datasets. Our results indicate that high mountain areas are the core location of the remaining primary forests and endemism whereas low mountain areas are dominated by exotic forest plantations. Between 40–48° S (The Los Ríos, Los Lagos, and Aysén Regions and high-mountain areas), in general, serve as a natural reservoir where human-induced land-cover change has not occurred on a large scale. Most public and private conservation areas are in high mountain areas, whereas low mountain areas and plain areas lack conservation schemes and are more prone to land cover change towards forestry. Considering geomorphological features in land cover change analysis can reveal interesting new perspectives in this research area.

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Santoro, Antonio, Martina Venturi, Remo Bertani, and Mauro Agnoletti. "A Review of the Role of Forests and Agroforestry Systems in the FAO Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Programme." Forests 11, no. 8 (August 7, 2020): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11080860.

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Traditional agroforestry systems have received increasing attention in recent decades for their multifunctional role and as a sustainable development model for rural areas. At the international level, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) launched the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) programme in 2002 with the aim of identifying agricultural systems of global importance; preserving landscapes, agrobiodiversity and traditional knowledge; applying the dynamic conservation principles while promoting sustainable development. The aim of the research is to carry out a review of the inscription dossiers of all the 59 sites already included in the GIAHS programme, in order to analyze the role of forests and agroforestry systems. Moreover, the main traditional management techniques have been identified and briefly described, as traditional forest-related knowledge is particularly important for sustainable forest management. Forests and agroforestry systems have been found to be important or crucial in about half of the sites. The main role assigned to forests and agroforestry systems in GIAHS proposals is related to the production of timber, fuelwood and by-products for the local communities according to sustainable and traditional management techniques. Among these, they also play important roles in hydrogeological protection, water regulation and biodiversity maintenance, representing examples both of human adaptation to different environments and of resilient systems that could help to face global challenges such as hydrogeological risk and climate change. The review of the GIAHS inscription dossiers also highlighted the lack of a uniform approach in dealing with forest issues, especially for what concern the description of management plans and the relation with protected areas or forest planning instruments.

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NAYAK, Ananya, and Sunanda SASMAL. "Post-monsoon bird assemblages in rural and riverine environments of Northern Howrah, West Bengal, India: A spatio-temporal approach." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 14, no. 1 (February 10, 2022): 11078. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb14111078.

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The primary goal of this study was to evaluate avian assemblages in four different land types (Wetland Associated Bamboo Forest, Agricultural Land, Wetland Associated Agricultural Land and Riverside Agricultural Land) located in a flood prone area of South Bengal during the post monsoon months of 2020. Surveys were conducted for 48 days in a land type and time dependent manner to explore the changes in abundance, dominance, evenness and species richness. A total of 18654 observations belonging to 16 orders, 44 families, 70 genera and 81 species were recorded. Despite having lowest total count and third species rich area, Bamboo Forest emerged as the most diverse area with the highest Shannon index (3.37), Evenness index (0.4616) and lowest dominance index (0.06108). Bamboo forests exhibited the maximum values of Simpson 1-D (0.9389), Brillouin index (3.312), Menhinick Index (1.261), Equitability (0.8134) and alpha diversity (Fisher’s alpha 11.74). Having maximum number of species occurrence (69), Riverside agricultural land was found to be the least diverse land type (Shannon index 2.847) showing highest value of dominance (0.1203). December attracted the most diverse (Shannon index 3.474) bird community and October showed the lowest value of Shannon index (2.919) with maximum value of dominance (0.123). We conclude that protection of natural habitats like bamboo forests, wetland and tree cover in small villages and proper management of agricultural lands is necessary for promoting species diversity and evenness in a rural environment.

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Piffer, Pedro Ribeiro, Marcos Reis Rosa, Leandro Reverberi Tambosi, Jean Paul Metzger, and María Uriarte. "Turnover rates of regenerated forests challenge restoration efforts in the Brazilian Atlantic forest." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 4 (March 25, 2022): 045009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5ae1.

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Abstract Natural forest regeneration is a key component of global ecosystem restoration scenarios. Regenerated forests, however, may not persist and a better understanding of the drivers of forest persistence is critical to ensure the success of restoration efforts. We used 35 years of detailed land cover maps to quantify forest regeneration and study the drivers of regenerated forest persistence and longevity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, a restoration hotspot. We mapped over 4.47 Mha of native forest regenerated in the region between 1985 and 2019, of which, two thirds persisted until 2019 (3.1 Mha). However, mean age of ephemeral (i.e. cleared before 2019) forest regeneration was only 7.9 years, suggesting a rapid turnover of regrowing forests under certain conditions. Regenerated forests had greater longevity and probability of persistence in steeper slopes, close to rivers and existing forests, near permanent agriculture, and in areas with higher Gross Development Product and agricultural yield, but were less likely to persist in areas with higher rural-urban population ratios. Regeneration occurred predominantly in pasturelands and areas of shifting agriculture, but it was also less likely to persist within these dynamic landscapes. Specific public policies should stimulate forest regeneration in areas of consolidated agriculture, where forest permanence tends to be higher. The ephemerality of forest regeneration in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest highlights the importance of favorable conditions and policies that promote second-growth forest persistence in tropical regions. Conservation of regenerating forests is critical for meeting national and global restoration and climate mitigation goals.

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Flinn, Kathryn M., and P. L. Marks. "AGRICULTURAL LEGACIES IN FOREST ENVIRONMENTS: TREE COMMUNITIES, SOIL PROPERTIES, AND LIGHT AVAILABILITY." Ecological Applications 17, no. 2 (March 2007): 452–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/05-1963.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Agricultural and forest environments"

Mehmood, Khalid [Verfasser]. "Environmental behavior of cesium and strontium in agricultural and forest soil / Khalid Mehmood." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1150851902/34.

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Goss, Charles W. "Influence of forest fragments on headwater stream ecosystems in agricultural landscapes." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1387536064.

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Willems, Nancy. "Forest structure and regeneration dynamics of podocarp/hardwood forest fragments, Banks Peninsula, New Zealand." Lincoln University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1301.

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Although species maintenance in small forest fragments relies on successful regeneration and recruitment, few studies have examined the effects of fragmentation on regeneration processes. New Zealand's podocarp species rely on large disturbance openings operating across a vegetated landscape to stimulate regeneration. Clearance of vegetation that results in small fragments of forest removes regeneration opportunities for podocarps by destroying the intact vegetation mosaic, and as a result may exclude disturbances of the scale necessary for podocarp regeneration. Fragmentation alters the disturbance regime of the landscape, with important implications for the regeneration of podocarps on Banks Peninsula. The four remaining lowland podocarp-hardwood fragments on Banks Peninsula were sampled to determine the structure and regeneration patterns of podocarps and to assess their long term viability. Density, basal area, and size and age class distributions were used to examine current composition, and in conjunction with spatial analysis, to identify past regeneration patterns and infer likely future changes in composition and population structure. Podocarp size and age class structures for three of the four fragments were characteristically even-sized and relatively even-aged (eg; Prumnopitys taxifolia c. 350 to 600 years), with little or no regeneration for approximately the last 200 years (old-growth fragments). Regeneration of the current podocarp canopy in the old-growth fragments may have been stimulated by flooding. The fourth younger fragment showed much more recent regeneration with Prumnopitys taxifolia, Podocarpus totara and Dacrycarpus dacrydioides mostly 80-160 years old, and substantial populations of seedlings and saplings, probably as a result of anthropogenic fire. In the absence of major disturbance the podocarp component in forest fragments on Banks Peninsula is likely to decline with composition shifting towards dominance by hardwood species. There is some evidence to suggest that canopy collapse will stimulate some podocarp regeneration within the fragments, however it appears to be unlikely that podocarps will persist on Banks Peninsula indefinitely within the fragments studied. There is an urgent need for more quantitative research in New Zealand fragmentation literature, and a need for more emphasis on processes. Banks Peninsula offers potential for a more landscape scale approach in forest management, and the maintenance of regenerating scrub in pockets about the Peninsula may offer the regeneration opportunities for podocarps that are lacking within protected fragments. My study took a quantitative approach in examining the effects of forest fragmentation on the demographics of podocarps and compositional change in forest fragments on Banks Peninsula.

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Bondoumbou, Pierre Vincent. "A critical evaluation of the tropical forest industry in the Republic of Congo as it conforms to the International Tropical Timber Organization sustainable management objectives." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291591.

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One of the innovations in the management of forest resources in the 1990s is the use of criteria and indicators (C&I) as a tool to measure the sustainability of forest management practices in general, as well as, specific forest related activities such as timber industry. The International Tropical Timber Organization has developed a set of criteria and indicators for the measurement of sustainability in natural tropical forests. This study uses these criteria and indicators to critically evaluate the current status of the forest industry in the Republic of Congo as it conforms to the ITTO sustainable management objectives. The study identifies both the progress made to achieve the ITTO "objective 2000", and weaknesses that need to be addressed in order to reach an overall sustainable forest industry. Recommendations are made to correct the identified weaknesses.

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Almond, Peter C. "Soils and geomorphology of a lowland rimu forest managed for sustainable timber production." Lincoln University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1782.

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Saltwater Forest is a Dacrydium cupressinum-dominated lowland forest covering 9000 ha in south Westland, South Island, New Zealand. Four thousand hectares is managed for sustainable production of indigenous timber. The aim of this study was to provide an integrated analysis of soils, soil-landform relationships, and soil-vegetation relationships at broad and detailed scales. The broad scale understandings provide a framework in which existing or future studies can be placed and the detailed studies elucidate sources of soil and forest variability. Glacial landforms dominate. They include late Pleistocene lateral, terminal and ablation moraines, and outwash aggradation and degradation terraces. Deposits and landforms from six glacial advances have been recognised ranging from latest Last (Otira) Glaciation to Penultimate (Waimea) Glaciation. The absolute ages of landforms were established by analysis of the thickness and soil stratigraphy of loess coverbeds, augmented with radiocarbon dating and phytolith and pollen analysis. In the prevailing high rainfall of Westland soil formation is rapid. The rate of loess accretion in Saltwater Forest (ca. 30 mm ka⁻¹) has been low enough that soil formation and loess accretion took place contemporaneously. Soils formed in this manner are known as upbuilding soils. The significant difference between upbuilding pedogenesis and pedogenesis in a topdown sense into an existing sediment body is that each subsoil increment of an upbuilding soil has experienced processes of all horizons above. In Saltwater Forest subsoils of upbuilding soils are strongly altered because they have experienced the extremely acid environment of the soil surface at some earlier time. Some soil chronosequence studies in Westland have included upbuilding soils formed in loess as the older members of the sequence. Rates and types of processes inferred from these soils should be reviewed because upbuilding is a different pedogenic pathway to topdown pedogenesis. Landform age and morphology were used as a primary stratification for a study of the soil pattern and nature of soil variability in the 4000 ha production area of Saltwater Forest. The age of landforms (> 14 ka) and rapid soil formation mean that soils are uniformly strongly weathered and leached. Soils include Humic Organic Soils, Perch-gley Podzols, Acid Gley Soils, Allophanic Brown Soils, and Orthic or Pan Podzols. The major influence on the nature of soils is site hydrology which is determined by macroscale features of landforms (slope, relief, drainage density), mesoscale effects related to position on landforms, and microscale influences determined by microtopography and individual tree effects. Much of the soil variability arises at microscales so that it is not possible to map areas of uniform soils at practical map scales. The distribution of soil variability across spatial scales, in relation to the intensity of forest management, dictates that it is most appropriate to map soil complexes with boundaries coinciding with landforms. Disturbance of canopy trees is an important agent in forest dynamics. The frequency of forest disturbance in the production area of Saltwater Forest varies in a systematic way among landforms in accord with changes in abundance of different soils. The frequency of forest turnover is highest on landforms with the greatest abundance of extremely poorly-drained Organic Soils. As the abundance of better-drained soils increases the frequency of forest turnover declines. Changes in turnover frequency are reflected in the mean size and density of canopy trees (Dacrydium cupressinum) among landforms. Terrace and ablation moraine landforms with the greatest abundance of extremely poorly-drained soils have on average the smallest trees growing most densely. The steep lateral moraines, characterised by well drained soils, have fewer, larger trees. The changes manifested at the landform scale are an integration of processes operating over much shorter range as a result of short-range soil variability. The systematic changes in forest structure and turnover frequency among landforms and soils have important implications for sustainable forest management.

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Zabala, Aiora. "Motivations and incentives for pro-environmental behaviour : the case of silvopasture adoption in the tropical forest frontier." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/253009.

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On the frontier of biodiversity-rich tropical forests, how land is used has an important role in buffering the primary ecosystem. Unsustainable small-scale cattle farming endangers soil quality and degrades the landscape. Silvopasture is a type of agroforestry that provides both ecological and livelihood benefits. A number of projects have been implemented across the tropics to encourage silvopasture adoption, with varying success. This dissertation questions the reasons for variable outcomes among participants within these projects: what motivates smallholders to adopt innovative land-use practices, and what form of incentives may help to overcome obstacles and catalyse adoption. This dissertation contributes to the ongoing debate on payments for ecosystem services, specifically about their suitability and effectiveness. To understand what influences decisions to adopt sustainable land-use practices, I review systematically and quantitatively the literature on adoption predictors, and I empirically analyse participation and short-term adoption in a pilot project for planting fodder trees in the border of a protected forest in Chiapas, Mexico, using primary and secondary data. I focus on subjective perspectives and livelihood strategies of actual and potential participants as explanatory variables, which have received unduly scarce attention in past studies. This lack of attention is partially caused by the difficulties of operationalising internal variables. I address this challenge by developing an analytical approach that increases the precision of the resulting perspectives in Q methodology. I cluster livelihood strategies and model adoption. This in-depth case-study suggests the type of incentives that are adequate to encourage adoption of sustainable land-use practices. Results indicate that payments may not be the best incentive for pioneer adopters, and that the adoption process is composed of separate individual steps, which are influenced distinctly by identifiable predictors, such as livelihood diversity. Uncovering this heterogeneity of motivations towards adoption provides useful knowledge for designing more effective external policy interventions.

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Kim, Sei Jin. "Three Essays on the Implications of Environmental Policy on Nutrient Outputs in Agricultural Watersheds and the Heterogeneous Global Timber Model with Uncertainty Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1439601683.

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Sasnauskaitė, Vita. "Miško žėlimo ypatumai neapaugusioje mišku žemėje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090615_114234-36850.

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Magistro darbe tiriamas miško žėlimas neapaugusioje mišku žemėje, vertinami įvairūs veiksniai įtakojantys savaiminį miško formavimąsi. Darbo objektas: 8 želvietės neapaugusioje mišku nedirbamoje žemėje. Darbo tikslas: įvertinti miško žėlimą ir jį įtakojančius veiksnius buvusioje žemės ūkio paskirties neapaugusioje mišku žemėje. Tyrimo metodai: aštuoniose žėlimo plotuose buvo išskirtos laikinos stačiakampės apskaitos aikštelės 10 m2 (2 x 5 m). Jose buvo nustatoma savaiminukų rūšis, skaičius, amžius, aukštis bei pažeidimai. Gautų duomenų apdorojimui, t.y. grafiniam duomenų pavaizdavimui, buvo naudojama Microsoft Excel programa. Darbo rezultatai: apibendrinus gautus duomenis nustatyta, kad visose tirtose želvietėse, rastas savaiminukų kiekis pakankamas naujam miškui formuotis. Nustatyta, kad dviejuose sklypuose tikslinės rūšys neatitiko norminių dydžių. Geriausios sąlygos miškui atsikurti P vyraujančių vėjų kryptis bei iki 60 m atstumas nuo miško pakraščio.
This master work analyzing forestry natural regeneration in abandoned agricultural land, evaluation various subjects that influence to natural regeneration. Object of the work: 8 natural regeneration areas to abandoned agricultural land. Aim of the work: investigate natural forest regeneration process on abandoned agricultural land in district of Švenčionys. Methods: the research was accomplished in eight natural regeneration areas in forest stewardship of Švenčionėliai. There were chosen 63 research bars depending of forest area (every at 10 m2) at research time in this places. Results: the results of this investigation showed that birch and pine seeds are enough for itself forest sprouting in all research bars. The seeds were found from twenty to one hundred forty eight meters from the forest edge. The best conditions to forest`s sprouts grow is south directions and by 60 meters edge of a wood.

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Lindell, Lina. "Environmental Effects of Agricultural Expansion in the Upper Amazon : A study of river basin geochemistry and hydrochemistry, and farmers' perceptions." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-14713.

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In this thesis natural science is combined with environmental psychology in order to determine how deforestation and subsequent agricultural expansion in the Peruvian highland jungle has affected the natural environment and rural livelihoods. This region is part of one of the most biodiverse areas on Earth and is also exposed to high pressure from deforestation that threatens the ecosystems as well as the well-being of local populations. The problem stretches beyond the upper Amazon since the region constitutes headwaters to theAmazon Riverand is part of the most important forest ecosystem of the world. This study evaluates the relative controls of human induced land-cover change and natural factors on the chemical status of soils, stream waters, and sediments, mainly through a spatial sampling design. The field work was located to two adjacent river basins underlain by sedimentary rocks. Streams of 48 independent sub-basins, the two main rivers, 80 upland soil sites (weakly developed soils on sandstone and siltstone) and four vertical profiles of floodplain sediments were sampled and analysed for major and trace elements, including nutrients and potentially toxic metals. Further, perceptions of environmental changes were investigated through a combination of quantitative and qualitative interview data collected from 51 smallholder farmers. Soils of primary forests were found to be chemically similar to those of regenerated forests and agricultural land-covers (pastures and coffee plantations), and differences in chemical concentrations between streams draining areas to varying degrees covered by forest were assigned to natural variability. In addition, the chemical composition of alluvial deposits was similar in the two drainage basins despite a substantial difference in exploitation degree (30 % versus 70 % cleared from forest). Thus, no evidence was found of long-term changes in the geochemistry of the Subandean river basins as a result of the conversion of primary forest to agricultural land-uses. The farmers, however, perceived an overall increase in environmental degradation as well as a change towards drier and warmer climatic conditions. The climate change was reported to be the main factor responsible for a negative trend in life quality (rural livelihoods). The results may be used in the work of identifying priorities and key factors necessary for environmental and socioeconomic sustainability in the upper Amazon.
En esta tesis se combina la ciencia natural con la psicología ambiental con el fin de determinar como la ampliación de la frontera agrícola ha afectado el medio ambiente y los medios de vida en la selva alta del Perú. Esta región forma parte de una de las zonas con mayor biodiversidad en el planeta y a su vez está expuesta a una alta presión de la deforestación que amenaza a los ecosistemas, así como el bienestar de la población en esta zona. Así mismo, este problema se hace sentir mas allá de la selva alta ya que esta zona forma parte de las cabeceras del río Amazonas y pertenece al ecosistema forestal más importante del mundo. Este estudio evalúa los efectos de la agricultura de tala y quema, en comparación con los factores naturales, sobre las propiedades químicas de los suelos, las quebradas, y los sedimentos, principalmente a través de un diseño de muestreo espacial. El trabajo de campo se realizó en dos cuencas fluviales adyacentes que están compuestas por rocas sedimentarias. Quebradas de 48 sub-cuencas independientes, dos ríos principales, 80 localidades de suelo (poco desarrollados sobre areniscas y limolitas) y cuatro perfiles verticales de sedimentos fluviales fueron muestreados y analizados para los elementos mayores y menores, incluyendo nutrientes y metales potencialmente tóxicos. También se han investigado las percepciones sobre los cambios ambientales usando una combinación de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, recopilados a través de entrevistas a 51 agricultores. Según los resultados no hubo diferencias significativas entre la química de suelos de bosques primarios y tierras agrícolas (pastos, plantaciones de café y de bosques secundarios). En cuanto a las quebradas, las diferencias en las concentraciones de sustancias químicas entre sub-cuencas afectadas por la deforestación en diferentes grados fueron asignados a una variabilidad natural. Además, la composición química de los depósitos aluviales fue similar en las dos cuencas a pesar de una diferencia sustancial en el grado de explotación (30 % en comparación con 70 % deforestado). Por lo tanto, no se encontró evidencia de cambios persistentes en la geoquímica de las cuencas Subandinas como resultado de la conversión de bosques a tierras agrícolas. Sin embargo los agricultores percibieron una tendencia general de aumento de la degradación del medio ambiente, así como un cambio en el clima a condiciones más secas y cálidas, lo cual fue reportado como el principal factor responsable de un cambio negativo en la calidad de vida. Estos resultados pueden ser utilizados en el trabajo de identificación de prioridades y factores claves para la sostenibilidad ambiental y socioeconómica en la selva alta.

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Lloyd, Davidson A. "The effect of forest to pasture conversion on soil biological diversity and function." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/711.

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Recent declines in returns from primary forest products in New Zealand and projected increases in world food prices have led to the land-use conversion from plantation forest to pastoral farming in many lowland areas. After decades of forest cover the soils are in many cases less than adequate for pastoral farming, as they are acidic, with toxic levels of exchangeable aluminum, and contain low levels of available nitrogen (N), very high carbon (C):N ratio, and are devoid of earthworms and structural integrity. Overcoming the major site limitations of low soil pH and available N was a major priority and a field experiment was established in April 2005 to determine the impact of various rates of lime and N in relation to pasture establishment and production. Concerns about the short and long-term effects of these inputs on biological soil quality gave rise to the present study. The effects of land-use change and establishment inputs were assessed by comparison of selected treatment plots with two adjacent reference sites (long-term pasture and a 60–year Pinus radiata forest) on the same soil type. The effects of lime and N on soil biological quality were investigated under field and controlled environment conditions by determination of: microbial community structure (phospholipid fatty acids - PLFA), microbial biomass (total PLFA), and microbial activity (dehydrogenase activity). Soil physical (percentage water-stable aggregates) and chemical (pH, and total C and N) properties were also determined. Similarly, the effects of earthworm addition on soil biological properties were explored in a short-term glasshouse pot experiment. The role of earthworms as indicators of soil biological quality in the field was assumed by nematodes and these were assessed in field trial plots and the reference sites mentioned above. Land-use change and applications of lime and N contributed to changing the microbial community structure determined by principal component analysis of transformed PLFA data. However, the effect of lime was more pronounced in the field, while N contributed most to changing microbial community structure in the glasshouse. Mean microbial activity in the field increased from 4 µg dwt/hr without lime to 16 and 21 µg dwt/hr where lime was applied at 5 and 10 tons/hectare (t/ha), respectively. Mean microbial activity in the field was markedly higher (7-fold) than in the glasshouse at similar rates of lime. Lime application also increased soil moisture retention in the field, mean gravimetric soil moisture increased from 0.33 in control plots to 0.38 and 0.39 in plots treated with 5 and 10 t/ha lime, respectively. Lime application was associated with greater soil aggregate stability. Soils from test plots treated with 5 and 10 tons/ha lime had 45-50% water-stable aggregates compared to 34% in treatments without lime. After 16 weeks in pots, earthworm treatments increased mean plant dry matter (DM)/pot by at least 19% above the control. The increase was attributed primarily to greater N mineralization in the presence of earthworms. For the duration of the trial the earthworm species tested (Apporectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus rubellus, individually or combined) did not affect any of the measured soil microbial properties. However, the survival rate of A. caliginosa was 83% compared to 25% for L. rubellus. The control not receiving any lime or N and plots treated with 10t/ha lime and 200 kgN/ha had similar nematodes species composition, comprising 40% each of bacterial and fungal feeding nematodes. They differed markedly from the reference sites as the forest soil was dominated by plant associated species (38%) and the long-term pasture had 44% plant parasitic nematodes. Accordingly, the soil food web condition inferred from nematode faunal analysis characterized all test plots as basal, stressed and depleted, while the forest soil was categorized as highly structured and fungal dominated. The findings of this thesis demonstrated that land-use change from forest to pasture can have significant impacts on soil biological properties, earthworms can contribute to pasture productivity even in the short term, and nematode faunal analysis is a robust and reliable indicator of soil biological quality.

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Книги з теми "Agricultural and forest environments"

Östberg, Wilhelm. Land is coming up: The Burunge of central Tanzania and their environments. Stockholm: Dept. of Social Anthropology, Stockholm University, 1995.

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Östberg, Wilhelm. Land is coming up: The Burunge of central Tanzania and their environments. Stockholm: Dept. of Social Anthropology, Stockholm University, 1995.

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The impact of urbanization, industrial, agricultural and forest technologies on the natural environment. Sopron: Nyugat-magyarorszagi Egyetem, 2012.

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Bush base: Forest farm : culture, environment, and development. London: Routledge, 2002.

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Nepal. Ministry of Population and Environment., ed. State of the environment, Nepal: Agriculture and forests. Kathmandu: His Majesty's Govt., Ministry of Population and Environment, 2001.

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Muchagata, Marcia G. Forests and people: The role of forest production in frontier farming systems in Eastern Amazonia. [Norwich, Eng.]: [University of East Anglia, School of Development Studies], 1997.

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J, Croll Elisabeth, and Parkin David J, eds. Bush base: Forest farm : culture, environment, and development. London: Routledge, 1992.

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Piet, Buys, ed. At loggerheads?: Agricultural expansion, poverty reduction, and environment in the tropical forests. Washington DC: World Bank, 2007.

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T, Chang Y., Khoo K. J, and United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, eds. Deforesting Malaysia: The political economy and social ecology of agricultural expansion and commercial logging. London: Zed Books in association with United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 2004.

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Ireland: CAP rural development plan, 2000-2006 : summary. Dublin: Stationery Office, 2000.

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Частини книг з теми "Agricultural and forest environments"

Raj, Abhishek, Manoj Kumar Jhariya, Dhiraj Kumar Yadav, Arnab Banerjee, and Ram Swaroop Meena. "Agroforestry: A Holistic Approach for Agricultural Sustainability." In Sustainable Agriculture, Forest and Environmental Management, 101–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6830-1_4.

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Oshunsanya, Suarau O., Nkem J. Nwosu, and Yong Li. "Abiotic Stress in Agricultural Crops Under Climatic Conditions." In Sustainable Agriculture, Forest and Environmental Management, 71–100. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6830-1_3.

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Kilpeläinen, Antti, and Heli Peltola. "Carbon Sequestration and Storage in European Forests." In Forest Bioeconomy and Climate Change, 113–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99206-4_6.

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AbstractEuropean forests have been acting as a significant carbon sink for the last few decades. However, there are significant distinctions among the forest carbon sinks in different parts of Europe due to differences in the area and structure of the forests, and the harvesting intensity of these. In many European countries, the forest area has increased through natural forest expansion and the afforestation of low-productivity agricultural lands. Changing environmental conditions and improved forest management practices have also increased the carbon sequestration and storage in forests in different regions. The future development of carbon sequestration and storage in European forests will be affected both by the intensity of forest management and harvesting (related to future wood demand) and the severity of climate change and the associated increase in natural forest disturbances. Climate change may also affect the carbon dynamics of forests in different ways, depending on geographical region. Therefore, many uncertainties exist in the future development of carbon sequestration and storage in European forests, and their contribution to climate change mitigation. The demand for multiple ecosystem services, and differences in national and international strategies and policies (e.g. the European Green Deal, climate and biodiversity policies), may also affect the future development of carbon sinks in European forests.

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Giraldo, Lina Paola, Julián Chará, Zoraida Calle D, and Ana M. Chará-Serna. "Riparian Forests: Longitudinal Biodiversity Islands in Agricultural Landscapes." In Biodiversity Islands: Strategies for Conservation in Human-Dominated Environments, 139–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92234-4_6.

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Kurokawa, Satoshi. "Ecology and Sustainable Development in Japan." In Sustainable Development Disciplines for Society, 77–88. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5145-9_5.

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AbstractThis chapter fits Goal 15 of the SDGs and analyzes the protection and sustainable use of territorial ecosystems in Japan, focusing on sustainable agricultureand forestry. The beautiful natural landscape and pristine nature in Japan are protected in nature parks. After the Earth Summit in 1992, the government committed to protecting socio-ecological landscapes referred to as “satoyama.” They include farmland, pastureland, and forests for logging. They are deteriorating because the population of farmers and forestry workers is declining and aging. The Natural Parks Act introduced a scheme to ensure that environmental NGOs maintain these areas on behalf of the farmers and forest workers. Modernization of agriculture has caused the loss of biodiversity in farmlands. Restoration projects have been implemented to restore biodiversity in rural areas. To reduce farmland abandonment, the government grants subsidies to help encourage eco-friendly agriculture. The government is encouraging active farmers to scale-up agricultural management to be competitive in the marketplace. Solar sharing is one way to help farmers. Ecologically sustainable development is thus interwoven with social and economic factors.

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Biondi, E., and F. Andreucci. "Dynamics of Vegetation in the Resteration of Areas Abandoned by Agricultural and Pastoral Activities." In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes, 945–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_236.

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Geist, Helmut, Eric Lambin, Cheryl Palm, and Thomas Tomich. "Agricultural transitions at dryland and tropical forest margins: actors, scales and trade-offs." In Environment & policy, 53–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4368-6_4.

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Pęska-Siwik, Agnieszka. "Agricultural and Forest Land Use Changes in Poland Within 2003–2017." In Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions (2nd Edition), 1079–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51210-1_169.

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Vicente, Joana R., Ana Sofia Vaz, Ana Isabel Queiroz, Ana R. Buchadas, Antoine Guisan, Christoph Kueffer, Elizabete Marchante, et al. "Alien Plant Species: Environmental Risks in Agricultural and Agro-Forest Landscapes Under Climate Change." In Climate Change Management, 215–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75004-0_13.

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Fusta Moro, Alessandro, Matteo Salis, Andrea Zucchi, Michela Cameletti, Natalia Golini, and Rosaria Ignaccolo. "Ammonia emissions and fine particulate matter: some evidence in Lombardy." In Proceedings e report, 227–32. Florence: Firenze University Press and Genova University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0106-3.40.

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Lombardy is one of the most polluted regions at the European level, also due to its particular geographical structure and weather conditions which prevent the pollutants’ dispersion, and the high levels of emissions coming from human activities. Recently, some evidence has been found regarding the relationship between agriculture and air quality, particularly between ammonia - produced mainly by the livestock sector - and particulate matter concentrations. In this respect, Lombardy is the first Italian region for agriculture production, having 69% of its area classified as agricultural land and about 245 swine and 92 bovines per rural km2. In the Agriculture Impact On Italian Air project (AgrImOnIA, https://agrimonia.net, funded by Fondazione Cariplo within the framework of Data Science for science and society), we aim to predict continuously in space (i.e. mapping) air pollutants concentrations in Lombardy region, taking into account meteorology, land use and emissions coming from agriculture. In this regard, data integration and harmonization process have been carried out starting from data from different sources and characterized by different spatial and temporal resolutions. The first results are based on spatio-temporal Kriging models, with external drift, and an extension of the traditional random forest algorithm to consider the spatial and temporal correlation. These models will be used to generate scenario analysis which simulates the impact of policy interventions in the agricultural sector to mitigate its environmental impact on air quality.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Agricultural and forest environments"

Longo, R. M., G. F. Zangirolami, C. S. Yamaguchi, A. C. Demamboro, S. C. Betine, and A. I. Ribeiro. "Impacts of agricultural activities in remaining forest: Campinas/SP, Brazil." In FOOD AND ENVIRONMENT 2013. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/fenv130021.

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Saeed, R. A., Giacomo Tomasi, Ganesh Govindarajan, Renato Vidoni, and Karl D. Von Ellenrieder. "Metrology-aware Path Planning for Agricultural Mobile Robots in Dynamic Environments." In 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metroagrifor52389.2021.9628737.

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Hewison, T. J. "Airborne measurements of forest and agricultural land surface emissivity at millimetre wavelengths." In IGARSS '98. Sensing and Managing the Environment. 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing. Symposium Proceedings. (Cat. No.98CH36174). IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.1998.702232.

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"Prospects Of Non-Timber Forest Products (Ntfps) On Poverty Alleviation Among Rural Women In Imo State, Nigeria." In International Conference on Advances in Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c1014025.

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ALFONSO, David, Ana MEZQUITA, Eliseo MONFORT, and Daniel GABALDÓN-ESTEVAN. "VALORISATION OF FOREST AND AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS FOR THE SPANISH CERAMIC TILE INDUSTRY." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.073.

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Since ceramic tile industry is an energy intensive industry, European ceramic companies are challenged to reduce their CO2 emissions in the medium and long-term. According the Roadmap for moving to a low-carbon economy in 2050 (European Commission, 2011) the objective is to achieve a reduction in CO2 emissions of between 34 % and 40 % by 2030, and between 83 % and 87 % by 2050. In the present paper we present a study on the viability of the incorporation of biofuels in the energy mix of the Spanish ceramic industry with the objective of (1) identifying the potential use of biomass resources, with a special focus of forest and agricultural biomass, in the manufacturing process of ceramic tile products; (2) identify in what part of the production process it can be introduced; and (3) calculate the reduced environmental impact from the manufacture of ceramic materials through a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. In order to proceed we firstly present the relevant state of the art for the study of the use of biomass for the ceramic manufacturing process. We continue with the methodology for biomass resources evaluation and present relevant data on forest and agricultural biomass for the ceramic tile industry. We then present data on the evolution and actual energy demand of the ceramic tile industry to characterize its energy demand. And then we identify an opportunity for biomass use in a specific phase of the manufacture of ceramic products, estimating the savings of fossil fuels and the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and therefore assessing the environmental impact reduction through the introduction of biomass in the manufacturing process of ceramic tile products.

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"Fate of Cd in Soils of Different Occupations in and Around the Cedars Forest Natural Reserve of Tannourine." In International Conference on Advances in Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c1014150.

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ATKOČIŪNIENĖ, Vilma, and Shaik Ilyas MOHAMMED. "PARTICULARITIES OF AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE BLACK FOREST: CLIMATE CHANGE AND MANAGEMENT ASPECTS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.239.

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The current European Union’s and state agricultural support is more focused on the modernization of farms in technological terms, coupled with the intensification of production, and weakly focused on the farm exclusivity and diversification. This creates a minor motivation for farmers to address the issues related to climate change mitigation. The main attention in the article is concentrated on two themes: climate change and forest management. The main research methods were used: analysis and generalization of scientific literature, interview, logical and systematically reasoning, comparison, abstracts and other methods. The farms in the lower mountain ranges of Germany will change different climate conditions analyzed in the 2017 summer. Sustainable framing wide term in black forest, forest lands, organic farms, are depending or considering the climate cycles. In economic social conditions of Germany, black forest farming is so sensitive towards ancient methods of farming and their equations with the current environment. In simple terms, black forest sustainable framing is farming ecological by promoting methods and practices that are economically viable. It does not only particular about economic aspects of farming perhaps on the use of non-renewable factors in the process of thoughtful and effective farming. Agriculture land of Black Forest contributes to the nutrient and healthy food to reach high standard of living of the black forest society.

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KRIAUČIŪNAITĖ-NEKLEJONOVIENĖ, Vilma, Giedrius BALEVIČIUS, and Rūta VANSAUSKAITĖ. "RESEARCH OF PROJECT SOLUTIONS WHEN SELECTING A LOCATION FOR A FARMSTEAD." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.069.

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In rural development land use projects it is important to assess the impact of solutions on sustainability of territory development and the planned field of activity as well as economic, social, natural environment and landscape. The article is intended to find out whether projects are prepared on the basis of all legal acts and regulations. New methodology which could assist in analyzing and evaluating solutions of rural development land use projects concerning selection of a location for a farmstead and/or construction area of buildings essential for agriculture is proposed. Special attention is paid to reclamation, special land and forest use conditions, soil, ecological stability of agricultural utilities, impact on the environment and landscape. Recommendations for compiling a more precise and efficient report into solution impact assessment are provided.

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Kanishchev, V., and Yu Mizis. "THE BEGINNING OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOREST-STEPPE LANDSCAPES NEAR THE BELGOROD LINE (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE SETTLEMENTS OF THE KOZLOVSKY AND TAMBOV COUNTIES OF THE 17-th CENTURY)." In Man and Nature: Priorities of Modern Research in the Area of Interaction of Nature and Society. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2603.s-n_history_2021_44/184-188.

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The article is devoted to the study of the first signs of the invasion of the population of the agrarian society into the environment of the Eastern European forest-steppe at the initial stage of its agricultural population. The research is based on the materials of the scribal books of the Kozlovsky and Tambov counties of the 1650s-1670s. The source information was systematized in the form of a database on the Excel. They allowed us to calculate the maximum total area of the most obvious anthropogenic impact on virgin steppe and meadow lands – arable land of different owners (service people, palace peasants, "dety boyarskie", churches and monasteries) for each village. The grouping of the settled data showed their relatively large size of possessions – the predominance of a group of arable land over 500 des. to the village. A very high per capita provision of land was revealed-almost everywhere over 5 des., which was considered the basis of a prosperous peasant economy for the black-earth area with traditional agricultural technologies. On the other hand, it is shown that almost everywhere the demographic burden on land was much lower than 0.25 workers per des. of arable land, which was subsequently considered as a sign of agrarian overpopulation and a demoecological crisis. The results of the study of scribal books also indicate that already in the initial period of the Russian development of this section of the forest-steppe, the size of agricultural land significantly exceeded the area of livestock land. The authors also raised the question of the need to study the size of forest reduction using GIS technologies and unmanned aerial vehicles.

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Khan, Nadeem Ahmad, Arun Khosla, and Parampreet Singh. "Geospatially Enabled Serious Gaming for Decision Support in Agroforestry System: A Conceptual Study." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.55.

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Natural resources are in a constant state of depletion. The main reason being over exploitation of these resources and not contributing to their replenishment. To deal with these challenges, ecologists, leaders and experts have recommended the adoption of an agroforestry agriculture system. Agroforestry is more sustainable agricultural method that provides a long term vision to combat food insecurity. In spite of agroforestry being very useful, still individuals can not foresee it’s advantages. Serious games can motivate people in agroforestry scenarios and involve users in high interaction. GIS is a tool that can help in decision of proper location for agroforestry depending upon past data or information available. This paper defines a conceptual study for serious game to dynamically create 3D real-world agro-forestry environments. The serious games aim to provide visualization, intuitive management, and analysis of geospatial, hydrological and economic data to help participants for the decision support in agroforestry systems.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Agricultural and forest environments"

Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, Do Trong Hoan, Hoang Nguyen Viet Hoa, and Nguyen Duy Khanh. Understanding tree-cover transitions, drivers and stakeholders’ perspectives for effective landscape governance: a case study of Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province, Viet Nam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21023.pdf.

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Integrated landscape management for sustainable livelihoods and positive environmental outcomes has been desired by many developing countries, especially for mountainous areas where agricultural activities, if not well managed, will likely degrade vulnerable landscapes. This research was an attempt to characterize the landscape in Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province in Northwest Viet Nam to generate knowledge and understanding of local conditions and to propose a workable governance mechanism to sustainably manage the landscape. ICRAF, together with national partners — Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute — and local partners — Son La Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Son La Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Chieng Yen Commune People’s Committee — conducted rapid assessments in the landscape, including land-use mapping, land-use characterization, a household survey and participatory landscape assessment using an ecosystem services framework. We found that the landscape and peoples’ livelihoods are at risk from the continuous degradation of forest and agricultural land, and declining productivity, ecosystem conditions and services. Half of households live below the poverty line with insufficient agricultural production for subsistence. Unsustainable agricultural practices and other livelihood activities are causing more damage to the forest. Meanwhile, existing forest and landscape governance mechanisms are generally not inclusive of local community engagement. Initial recommendations are provided, including further assessment to address current knowledge gaps.

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Elias, Emile, Caiti Steele, Kris Havstad, Kerri Steenwerth, Jeanne Chambers, Helena Deswood, Amber Kerr, et al. Southwest Regional Climate Hub and California Subsidiary Hub Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies. United States. Department of Agriculture, August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.6879806.ch.

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In 2015, the Southwest and California Climate Hubs published a report describing the potential vulnerability of crops, forests and animal agriculture to climate-driven environmental changes. The exposure of specific sectors of the agricultural and forestry industries varies across the region because the Southwest is climatically and topographically diverse. There is also variability in the sensitivity of different systems to the effects of climate change. Most significantly, there is potential within agricultural and forestry systems to adjust to climate-related effects either through inherent resilience or through conservative management practices. The purpose of this report is to describe regional vulnerabilities to climate change and adaptive actions that can be employed to maintain the productivity of working lands in the coming decades.

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Elias, Emile, Caiti Steele, Kris Havstad, Kerri Steenwerth, Jeanne Chambers, Helena Deswood, Amber Kerr, et al. Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies in the Southwest and California. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.6965582.ch.

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This report describes the potential vulnerability of specialty crops, field crops, forests, and animal agriculture to climate-driven environmental changes. Here, vulnerability is defined as a function of exposure to climate change effects, sensitivity to these effects, and adaptive capacity. The exposure of specific sectors of the agricultural and forestry industries varies across the region because the Southwest is climatically and topographically diverse. There is also variability in the sensitivity of different systems to the effects of climate change. Most significantly, there is potential within agricultural and forestry systems to adjust to climate-related effects either through inherent resilience or through conservative management practices. The purpose of this analysis is to describe regional vulnerabilities to climate change and adaptive actions that can be employed to maintain productivity of working lands in the coming decades.

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Steinbuks, Jevgenijs, and Thomas Hertel. Forest, Agriculture, and Biofuels in a Land use model with Environmental services (FABLE). GTAP Working Paper, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp71.

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The goal of this paper is to introduce FABLE (Forest, Agriculture, and Biofuels in a Land use model with Environmental services), a dynamic global model, aimed at analyzing the optimal profile for global land use in the context of growing commercial demands for food and forest products, increasing non-market demands for ecosystem services, and more stringent greenhouse gas mitigation targets. The model seeks to determine the optimal allocation of scarce land across competing uses across time. FABLE integrates distinct strands of agronomic, economic and biophysical literatures into a single, intertemporally consistent, analytical framework, at global scale. It is based on a dynamic long-run, forward-looking partial equilibrium framework, in which the societal objective function places value on food production, liquid fuels (including first- and second- generation biofuels), timber production, forest carbon and biodiversity. The forestry sector is characterized by multiple forest vintages, which add considerable computational complexity in the context of this dynamic forward-looking analysis. Our baseline accurately reflects developments in global land use over the years that have already transpired, and determines the optimal path of global land use over the course of next century based on projections of population, income and demand growth from a variety of recognized sources.

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Baldos, Uris Lantz, and Thomas Hertel. SIMPLE: a Simplified International Model of agricultural Prices, Land use and the Environment. GTAP Working Paper, November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp70.

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In this paper, we document the Simplified International Model of agricultural Prices, Land use and the Environment (SIMPLE). SIMPLE is a partial equilibrium model which is designed to better understand the competing forces that influence the global farm and food system and how these drivers influence long run agricultural land use, production, prices, GHG emissions and food consumption. SIMPLE has been developed under the principle that a model should be no more complex than is absolutely necessary to understand the basic forces at work. Therefore, unlike other global models which are generally more complex and disaggregated, SIMPLE is parsimonious and tractable. Indeed, our historical validation over the period 1961-2006 confirms that SIMPLE can be used to simulate the long run changes in the global farm and food system given exogenous shocks in a few key drivers of world agriculture. Equally important is that we demonstrated how SIMPLE can be used to assess the relative contribution of each of the individual drivers to the endogenous changes in world agriculture via the numerical and the analytical decomposition tools. With these tools at hand, SIMPLE offers a more robust analysis of both historical and future long run changes in the global farm and food system. Keywords: world agriculture, long run analysis, land use, environment, biofuels, food consumption, SIMPLE JEL: Q11, Q15, Q16, Q54

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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, and Do Trong Hoan. Commune-level institutional arrangements and monitoring framework for integrated tree-based landscape management. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21024.pdf.

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Governance is a difficult task in the context of achieving landscape multifunctionality owing to the multiplicity of stakeholders, institutions, scale and ecosystem services: the ‘many-multiple’ (Cockburn et al 2018). Governing and managing the physical landscape and the actors in the landscape requires intensive knowledge and good planning systems. Land-use planning is a powerful instrument in landscape governance because it directly guides how actors will intervene in the physical landscape (land use) to gain commonly desired value. It is essential for sustaining rural landscapes and improving the livelihoods of rural communities (Bourgoin and Castella 2011, Bourgoin et al 2012, Rydin 1998), ensuring landscape multifunctionality (Nelson et al 2009, Reyers et al 2012) and enhancing efficiency in carbon sequestration, in particular (Bourgoin et al 2013, Cathcart et al 2007). It is also considered critical to the successful implementation of land-based climate mitigation, such as under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), because the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector is included in the mitigation contributions of nearly 90 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan and Southern Asia countries and in the Latin American and Caribbean regions (FAO 2016). Viet Nam has been implementing its NDC, which includes forestry and land-based mitigation options under the LULUCF sector. The contribution of the sector to committed national emission reduction is significant and cost-effective compared with other sectors. In addition to achieving emission reduction targets, implementation of forestry and land-based mitigation options has the highest benefits for social-economic development and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (MONRE 2020). Challenges, however, lie in the way national priorities and targets are translated into sub-national delivery plans and the way sub-national actors are brought together in orchestration (Hsu et al 2019) in a context where the legal framework for climate-change mitigation is elaborated at national rather than sub-national levels and coordination between government bodies and among stakeholders is generally ineffective (UNDP 2018). In many developing countries, conventional ‘top–down’, centralized land-use planning approaches have been widely practised, with very little success, a result of a lack of flexibility in adapting local peculiarities (Amler et al 1999, Ducourtieux et al 2005, Kauzeni et al 1993). In forest–agriculture mosaic landscapes, the fundamental question is how land-use planning can best conserve forest and agricultural land, both as sources of economic income and environmental services (O’Farrell and Anderson 2010). This paper provides guidance on monitoring integrated tree-based landscape management at commune level, based on the current legal framework related to natural resource management (land and forest) and the requirements of national green-growth development and assessment of land uses in two communes in Dien Bien and Son La provinces. The concept of integrated tree based landscape management in Viet Nam is still new and should be further developed for wider application across levels.

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Uchitel, Aleksandr D., Ilona V. Batsurovska, Nataliia A. Dotsenko, Olena A. Gorbenko, and Nataliia I. Kim. Implementation of future agricultural engineers' training technology in the informational and educational environment. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4440.

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The article presents the implementation of future agricultural engineers’ training technology in the informational and educational environment. To train future agricultural engineers, it is advisable to form tutorials for the study of each discipline in the conditions of informational and educational environment. Such tutorials are an assistance in mastering both theoretical material and course navigation, where interactive electronic learning tools are presented to perform tasks in the informational and educational environment. Higher education applicants perform such tasks directly in the classroom with the help of gadgets or personal computers. The final grade is formed from the scores obtained in the classroom and the rating of higher education applicants while studying in the informational and educational environment. The outlined approach is able to help in the quality of learning content. The use of interactive audiovisual online tools allows to get acquainted with the theoretical, practical and experimental provisions clearly, it is important for the training of future agricultural engineers. At the end of the experiment, it can be argued that the developed technology increases the level of motivation and self-incentive to work in the informational and educational environment. The application of the presented technology provides an opportunity to combine the educational process in the classroom with learning in the informational and educational environment, forms analytical abilities and competencies in professional activity. The reliability of the obtained results was checked using the λ Kolmogorov-Smirnov criterion. It is determined that when using this technology in the educational process, the indicators in the experimental group increased, which displays the effectiveness of training bachelors in agricultural engineering in the conditions of informational and educational environment.

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Interventions for Achieving Sustainability in Tropical Forest and Agricultural Landscapes. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/capriwp110.

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Kruger, Linda E., and Rhonda L. Mazza. Alaska communities and forest environments: a problem analysis and research agenda. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-665.

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Taheripour, Farzad, and Wally Tyner. Introducing First and Second Generation Biofuels into GTAP Data Base version 7*. GTAP Research Memoranda, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.rm21.

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The first version of GTAP-BIO Data Base was built based on the GTAP standard data base version 6 which represents the world economy in 2001 (Taheripour et al., 2007). That data base covers global production, consumption, and trade of the first generation of biofuels including ethanol from grains (eth1), ethanol from sugarcane (eth2), and biodiesel (biod) from oilseeds in 2001. Version 7 of GTAP Data Base, which depicts the world economy in 2004, is now published (Narayanan, B.G. and T.L. Walmsley, 2008). However, this standard data base does not include biofuel industries explicitly. The first objective of this research memorandum is to introduce the first generation of biofuels into this new data base. To accomplish this task we will follow Taheripour et al. (2007). The rapid expansion of the first generation of biofuels in the past decades has raised important concerns related to food-fuel competition, land use change, and other economic and environmental issues. These issues have increased interest in the second generation of biofuels which can be produced from cellulosic materials such as dedicated crops, agricultural and forest residues, and waste materials. To examine the economic and environmental consequences of the second generation of biofuels, a CGE model is an appropriate and essential instrument. A data base which presents the first and second generation of biofuels will facilitate research in this field. Hence the second objective of this research memorandum is to expand the space of biofuel alternatives to the second generation. Given that advanced cellulosic biofuels are not yet commercially viable, we used the most up to date information in this area to define the production technologies for these industries.

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