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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Agrarian dynamics"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 17 жовтня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Agrarian dynamics"

1

Watts, Michael. "Class dynamics of agrarian change." Journal of Peasant Studies 39, no. 1 (January 2012): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2012.656235.

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2

Healey, Susan. "Class dynamics of agrarian change." Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études du développement 33, no. 3 (September 2012): 393–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2012.707976.

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3

Sihaloho, Matua. "MENCARI ALAS AKAR KONFLIK PERTANAHAN: SUATU TINJAUAN DINAMIKA MASYARAKAT PEDESAAN DI JAWA." Jurnal AGRISEP 7, no. 2 (September 12, 2008): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.7.2.41-53.

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Agrarian conflicts are one of agrarian facts and also become the popular ‘main theme’ in many discussions and studies in Indonesia. Cases and studies of land and sea agrarian source are the two important agrarian objects, for their connection to dominant source for many sides involved. The reality that happened on the natural/agrarian source management is one of the aspects that can make village society more dynamics, both in Java and outside Java. This writing tries to assess how conflicts among sides and the impacts on social life, especially in society development dynamic review. Some basic root of agrarian conflicts are society access level to land, regulations and outsider programmes, the fading of local institutions, threat to society existence, and other things that connecting to local institutions.Key word: basic root of conflicts, agrarian source, and village society dynamic.

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4

Sihaloho, Martua, Ekawati Sri Wahyuni, Rilus A. Kinseng, and Sediono M. P. Tjondronegoro. "International Migration, Livelihood Strategy, and Poverty Cycle." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 4 (July 30, 2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n4p113.

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Poverty drove Indonesian poor households (e.g. their family members) to find other livelihoods. One popular choice is becoming an international migrant. This paper describes and analyzes the change in agrarian structure which causes dynamics in agrarian poverty. The study uses qualitative approach and constructivism paradigm. Research results showed that even if migration was dominated by farmer households from lower social class; it also served as livelihood strategy for middle and upper social classes. Improved economics brought dynamics on social reality. The dynamic accesses to agrarian resources consist of (1) horizontal social mobility (means that they stay in their previous social class); (2) vertical social mobility in the form of social climbing; low to middle class, low to upper class, and middle class to upper class; and, (3) vertical social mobility in the form of social sinking: upper class to middle class, upper class to lower class, and middle class to lower class. The dynamic in social classes indicates the presence of agrarian poverty cycle, they are social climbing and sinking.

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5

Veltmeyer, Henry. "DYNAMICS OF AGRARIAN TRANSFORMATION AND RESISTANCE." REVISTA NERA, no. 17 (May 29, 2012): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47946/rnera.v0i17.1350.

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The paper analyses in the Latin American context the dynamics associated with the capitalist development process, namely, the productive and social transformation of an agrarian society and economy into a modern industrial capitalist system. This process implies a process of primitive accumulation (separation of the direct producers from the land) and the proletarianization of the peasantry. The project of development with international cooperation was designed and serves to assist the dispossessed rural poor in adjusting to the forces of progressive change released in the process, rather than resisting them. The paper also deals with the resistance of the rural landless workers and other elements of the peasantry against the neoliberal model of capitalist development that threatens the viability and sustainability of their livelihoods.

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6

Jones, Stephen. "The social dynamics of agrarian change." Agricultural Economics 13, no. 1 (October 1995): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.1995.tb00371.x.

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7

NIKISHYNA, O. V., and N. O. BIBIKOVA. "INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF FORMATION AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES AND THEIR ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN ECONOMY." Economic innovations 20, no. 1(66) (March 20, 2018): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2018.20.1(66).135-147.

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Topicality. Development of agricultural cooperatives is an important area of structural adjustment of agrarian sector. Relevance the research of vectors of influence an institutional environment for a cooperative movement, caused by the need to improve the process of institutionalization of agrarian cooperation for its accelerated development in realities of Ukraine taking into account world experience. Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is the justification institutional foundations for the formation of agricultural cooperatives and their role and functions in system of agrarian economics period of structural transformations. In the research, the following methods are used: dialectics, structural and dynamic analysis, horizontal and vertical comparative analysis, index method. Research results. In the article authors components of institutional environment of agrarian cooperation are determined. Based on an institutional approach substantiated the basic features and essence agricultural cooperatives in market conditions. In the course of the study, it was established both the productive and service agricultural cooperatives have a single meaningful essence, a common goal, which is to meet the needs of members at the least cost resources, which is confirmed by Declaration on Cooperative Identity. This goal is achieved through entrepreneurial activity, in this case, profit plays a role a means of implementing a cooperative goal. In the article focuses attention the need for development of informal institutions agrarian cooperation in Ukraine, which ensure the interaction of legal institutions. Were conduced estimation of dynamics and structures of agrarian enterprises for organizational and legal forms of management. Conclusions. The dynamics of indicators of profitability, wage and labor productivity agricultural enterprises in nominal and real dimensions are analyzed. According to the results of analysis the main social problems in agriculture in Ukraine are identified, namely: decrease in number of employees, a significant wage gap from the state indicator, reduction of labor productivity in real measure, a decrease in the net profit of agrarians in 2016, etc. Proved that in market system agricultural cooperatives perform a social function by means of creating new jobs, reducing unemployment, growth in real labor productivity on the basis of the introduction of new technologies, development of rural infrastructure and so on. In practice, the social function of cooperatives is realized through solving social problems.

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8

Rejekiningsih, Triana, Chatarina Muryani, and Diana Lukitasari. "STUDY OF THE HISTORY AND DYNAMICS OF THE AGRARIAN POLICY IN TRANSFORMING THE INDONESIA’S AGRARIAN REFORM." Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v8i2.33610.

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This study was conducted to find out: (1) the agrarian history as a milestone of <br />the agrarian policy in Indonesia; (2) the dynamics of agrarian policy as a driving<br />factor for the agrarian reform; (3) agrarian policy as a means of transforming the<br />agrarian reform in Indonesia. This study is a normative juridical legal research<br />with a historical approach, in addition to use conjunctural approach to examine the<br />complex, historically specific, of various agrarian policies. The study concludes that:<br />(1) Agrarian history is an important part of the agrarian policy realization, beginning<br />from Dutch colonialism along with the dominated agrarian resources and the raise<br />of peasant resistance against imperialism, this condition gave rise to the spirit of<br />national movements and the birth of Law Number 5 of 1960 on The Agrarian Basic<br />Law (hereinafter abbreviated to UUPA) as the basis for agrarian policy in Indonesia;<br />(2) Not all the agrarian policies are oriented towards the objectives of the UUPA, often<br />time they cause problems in their application, among others its irrelevant to principles<br />of justice and people's welfare, land tenure disintegration, lack of certainty over the<br />land rights, stand for the capital owners, opening up of foreign investors controlling<br />agrarian sources, the designation of forest areas on people’s lands, nationalization of<br />the plantations, repressive resolution of agrarian conflicts, and land certification which<br />legalizes inequality land tenure structures; (3) agrarian policy is an important part<br />of the process of realizing the agrarian reform, especially in the context of agrarian<br />transformation towards the formation of a 'agrarian' society structure integrated into<br />economic pillars to improve people’s welfare.

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Tridakusumah, Ahmad Choibar, Adi Nugraha, Iwan Setiawan, and Ganjar Kurnia. "Rice Farmers’ Agrarian Dynamics, a Historical Perspective." BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan 8, no. 2 (January 7, 2023): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.31292/bhumi.v8i2.531.

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Abstract: As the staple food of Indonesians, rice has become an economic and political commodity in the country. This study aims to analyze the agrarian dynamics of rice farmers from a historical perspective, focusing on studying how the agrarian change affected the rice production mode in the present situation. The historiography approach used to produce critical analysis was complemented by tracing literature studies, especially in West Java, one of the main rice producers in Indonesia. The results showed that the structure of land tenure and ownership in rice farming had undergone a fundamental change. The dynamics that appear in rice can be seen at the level of agricultural technology intervention and local and national policies, which have experienced changes due to pressure from the agricultural production input sub-system. This pressure led to a change in peasant institutions that shifted from informal to formal, which was not in line with the structure of land tenure and ownership, which was still dominated by petty commodity producers. Keywords: Agrarian dynamics, farmers, historical, paddy

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10

Ostroukh, V., and A. Mikulina. "CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 2 (39) (2018): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2018.39.48-52.

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Анотація:

The article analyzes the transformational processes in the agrarian sector of Ukraine during 1990–2012. Causes and consequences of the decline of the agrarian sphere, as well as the sectoral and territorial changes in agriculture for the period of transformation in the context of administrative regions are analysed. According to statistical data, maps of the dynamics of plant growing and animal husbandry have been developed. Keywords: cartographic analysis, agrarian transformation, agrarian sector, agriculture.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Agrarian dynamics"

1

Perez, Francisco J. "Effects of Land Legalization in the Agrarian Dynamics of the Indigenous Communities of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1125873972.

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Porcheddu, Antonio. "The Ager valley historic landscape: new tools and quantitative analysis. Architecture and agrarian parcels in the medieval settlement dynamics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/436891.

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Aquest treball exposa els resultats de la investigació doctoral sobre el paisatge històric de la Vall d’Àger amb l’aplicació de la metodologia de l’Arqueologia del Paisatge. S'han utilitzar diferents mètodes científics per obtenir informació heteogènia: des de la teledetecció (lidar i radar), els documents escrits, la prospecció i l’excavació arqueològica, fins a la anàlisis de l’arquitectura i l’aplicació dels models de l’arqueologia predictiva (least cost path, site catchment analysis, viewshed analysis etc.). Els objectius consisteixen en la clarificació de les dinàmiques dels assentaments rurals en l'Edat Mitjana, des de el segle V fins al XIII, a través de l'anàlisi dels assentaments, de les vies de comunicació, del paisatge agrari i dels sistemes defensius i de l'estructura eclesiàstica. Aquest estudi ha demostrat que l’estructura del paisatge de la Vall d’Àger es genera amb un primer impuls entre els segles V i VII, i posteriorment experimenta un profund canvi a partir de finals del segle X.
Este trabajo trata de analizar el paisaje histórico del Valle de Àger (España) a través de múltiples fuentes, como las fuentes escritas, la teledetección, las fuentes arqueológicas, las arquitecturas históricas y los análisis del parcelario agrario, de la viabilidad y de la toponímica. El objetivo principal es el de analizar la periodización del asentamiento medieval de forma general y detallada a través del estudio del paisaje fortificado y del paisaje sagrado en una ventana cronológica que va desde el siglo 5 hasta el siglo 13. También se analizaron los elementos principales de las arquitecturas históricas disponibles mediante los métodos de la arqueología de la arquitectura. Otra aplicación metodológica fue la de la Archéogéographie Francesca a través de la cual es posible estudiar las estructuras del parcelario agrario y de la viabilidad. Todos los datos han sido sintetizados para obtener el cuadro general del asentamiento medieval en el valle.
This work deals with the analysis of the Ager Valley historic landscape through the methodologies of Landscape Archaeology. It uses several multidisciplinary sources as written documents, remote sensing images (mainly lidar and radar), parcels analysis, archaeological prospections and archaeological excavations. The main target has been obtaining the periodisation of the medieval settlement in the valley from the 5th to the 13th centuries. It analyses the structure of the agrarian parcel systems through the methodology developed in the Archaeogeographic studies and predictive archaeology (least cost path, viewshed analysis, site catchment analysis). It also uses the application of the Archaeology of Architecture in order to study the material evidences of the churches and the defensive towers of the valley. After the analysis of the different sources, it tries to develop a synthesis of the data following the chronological windows allowed by the sources. All the data have been used also to analyse the Landscape of Power and the Sacred Landscape in the valley during the Middle Ages.

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3

Schrank, Zachary. "An Inverted Market: Niche Market Dynamics Of The Local Organic Food Movement." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/305759.

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The market for local organic foods in the United States has grown tremendously in recent years. Compared to a meager existence just a decade ago, local organic options now flourish through the form of Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), thousands of farmers markets, community cooperative grocery stores, and upscale restaurants. Interestingly, the greatest percentage of growth in farmers markets in the US has occurred in the last 2-3 years during the Great Recession despite economic downturn. This changing nature of agriculture and new developments of alternative niche markets have captured the attention of scholars. Most studies tend to focus on economic, organizational, or even nutritional elements reflected in the food industry. Less emphasis, however, has been devoted to the roles of cultural consumption, values, and desires that have propagated the swift and substantial growth of this movement. Direct sales in local organic niche markets and the CSA model provide an atmosphere for repetitive interpersonal interaction between farmer and buyer around a product infused with shared meaning. I utilize ethnographic data from an extended case of a local organic farm in Southern Arizona and interviews with over 50 of their CSA members. This dissertation addresses how and why both producers and consumers co-produce alternative visions and meanings that sustain a viable local niche food economy. I argue that the members involved in this niche market sector hold unified reactions against the global expansionary aims of food corporations. Inverse to market forces, the cultural and economic ethos driving this movement originates from appreciation for craft production as an expression of commodity de-fetishization, personal investment and embeddedness in local economies, and desires for authenticity in community and consumption.

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Hornby, Angela Donovan. "Cattle, commercialisation and land reform: dynamics of social reproduction and accumulation in Besters, KwaZulu-Natal." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4199.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
The thesis examines the processes of social differentiation amongst households living on farms transferred through South African land reform, and the degree to which the ‘commercialisation’ of the cattle economy accounts for these processes. The evidence is drawn from six farms owned by Communal Property Associations (CPAs), which are part of the Besters Land Reform Project in the Besters District of KwaZulu-Natal. Drawing on the scholarship of critical political economists, the thesis shows that social differentiation is a dynamic process that both underlies and exacerbates conflicts over the commercial production of collectively owned cattle. This finding is derived from examining the articulation of three analytically distinct processes. These are the diversification of livelihoods in response to diminishing opportunities for regular wage employment; the social stratifications arising partly from the unequal ownership of cattle; and the differential claims on and extractions made from CPA land and cattle production. The thesis shows that some households are able to accumulate agricultural capital and expand their cattle herds by securing and synchronising a range of livelihoods, including wage employment, social grants and subsidies from CPA farm production. Others, unable to synchronise livelihoods arising from social processes that often run counter to one another, find their cattle herds depleted as they draw on them to survive. When their agricultural production declines, their capacity to generate a livelihood sufficiently robust to withstand shocks is put at risk. This places the collectively owned land, income and assets of the CPAs at the centre of a politics defined by the contradiction between meeting the needs of social reproduction on the one hand, and accumulating farm capital, on the other. This is evidenced in the dynamic nature of the hybridised farm systems in which cattle farming for multiple purposes co-exists with the production of cattle as commodities. Reflecting this materiality, the politics of the CPA draws on older relationships of kinship, underpinned by ceremonial uses of cattle that both reflect and generate broader socio-economic inequalities. The outcome of this fluid and complex ‘politics of the farm’ determines whether land reform produces a small number of ‘winners’ or a greater number of households involved in agricultural petty commodity production. Social differentiation is exacerbated on farms that disband collective production, while households are both more likely to continue farming or to re-enter agricultural petty commodity production where CPA production provides capital and labour inputs. The implications of these findings are that the problems of production on many land reform farms cannot be explained simply in terms of CPAs as troubled institutions. Rather, the dynamics of differentiation constitute CPAs and their enterprises as sites of struggle that render collectively owned production unstable under current land and agrarian policy frameworks. Policy priorities that take cognizance of this politics and support farm level adjudications of member’s rights to land, capital and cash, and support agricultural capital accumulators to exit communal property arrangements could result in limited transformations of the agrarian structure.

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5

Msomi, Thulisile Felicity. "Institutional dynamics in a small-scale organic farming organisation : the case of the Ezemvelo Farmers' Organisation." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5580.

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Magister Philosophiae (Land and Agrarian Studies) - MPhil(LAS)
This study explores institutional dynamics within an organic farming organisation, the Ezemvelo Farmers' Organisation (EFO), based in uMbumbulu in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). The main objective of the study was to identify the institutional and governance factors that impact on the sustainability of the organic production programme of the EFO. A variety of research methods were employed, including a small sample survey of 50 households, in-depth interviews with key respondents, and a critical assessment of the existing literature on the EFO. The study established that many rural households in uMbumbulu maintain their livelihoods through a diverse array of activities that include social grants. Agriculture remains an important livelihood strategy for many households. It presents opportunities for income generation, access to food, job creation and increased asset accumulation. Communal land tenure systems do not constrain agricultural development, and kinship ties and social relations determine affordable and flexible land access for farming and residential use. The EFO initiave regenerated agricultural production in uMbumbulu. Many households have rights to cropping fields and these fields were revitalised and put under productive use as the organic farming initiative gained momentum. The EFO marketed its produce to Farmwise, a packhouse that distributes produce to various retailers. The agro-food industry is dominated by large business interests and maintained exploitative relations with the EFO. Organic production and marketing to such businesses imposed high transaction costs on members of the EFO as onerous quality standards were enforced throughout the value chain. Rural development interventions that are driven by external stakeholders such as academic institutions, government departments and other agencies tend not to provide sustainable solutions to help support the development of smallholder farmers. In the case of the EFO, such support saw abuses of power, elite capture, free-rider problems, conflict and weak management systems. The thesis argues that the agrarian transformation imperative means that policy frameworks must be re-examined, and adapted to the needs and local practices of smallholder farmers such as members of the EFO. Proper extension support that provides accurate market information, effective coordination of production and transport services, and relevant infrastructure, is also required.
National Research Foundation (NRF)

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6

Dubb, Alexander. "Dynamics of social reproduction and differentiation among small-scale sugarcane farmers in two rural wards of Kwazulu-Natal." University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4250.

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Анотація:

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil
Dynamics of Social Reproduction and Differentiation among Small-Scale Sugarcane Farmers in Two Rural Wards of KwaZulu-Natal A. Dubb M.Phil thesis, Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies, University of the Western Cape. Outgrower or contract-farming schemes have long been considered an important „pro-poor‟ method of incorporating small-scale farmers into agro-commodity chains, oft defined by their capital intensity and consequent high barriers of entry. Nonetheless, critics have observed that such schemes often operate under highly imbalanced relations of power between farmers and processors, generate substantial inequality, and negatively impact on household food security. In the province of KwaZulu-Natal, home to much of South Africa‟s sugar industry, the number of small-scale sugarcane outgrowers increased rapidly from near nothing in the late 1960s to around 50,000 in the early 2000s; an increase born out of industry-subsidized miller initiatives, disguised as micro-credit, to bring commercially inalienable Bantustan land under cane production. However, in the past decade small-scale sugarcane growers have faced a precipitous decline following the restructuring of the sugar industry in the 1990s and the onset of drought in the 2000s. This study seeks to trace the origins and shifting structural foundations of small-scale sugarcane production and investigate its impacts on dynamics of social reproduction and accumulation in two rural wards of the Umfolozi region, in the wake of the sale of the central mill by the multinational corporation Illovo to a consortium of largescale white sugarcane growers. Utilizing survey data from 74 small-scale grower homesteads and life-history interviews, it is argued that regulatory restructuring resulted in deteriorating terms of exchange and the retraction of miller oversight in production, cane-haulage and ploughing operations, hence devolved to commercially unstable local contractors. Growers have subsequently struggled to compensate for consequent capital inefficiencies through intensified exploitation, largely due to the successful impact of social grants in mitigating the desperation of family and hired labour, and further face considerable barriers to expansion in land. While proceeds from sugarcane continue to represent an additional source of coveted cash-income, sparse off-farm income opportunities have gained prominence as a basis for stabilizing consumption and some re-investment in cane. The centrality of incomediversification for simple reproduction and limited accumulation has rendered the dynamics of social differentiation to be both unstable and reversible, and has closely tied sustained cane production to the labour content of non-cane income sources. Meanwhile, with less direct oversight in production, millers face the challenge of retaining their implicit „grab‟ on customary land, throwing into relief the contradictions inherent in attempts „from above‟ to foster a nominal „peasant‟ class „from below‟.

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Голіцина, О. А. "Стан та перспективи розвитку зовнішньої торгівлі товарами регіону (на прикладі Одеського регіону)". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/5.pdf.

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Анотація:

Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижче
У роботі розглядаються поняття, особливості та чинники зовнішньої торгівлі товарами Одеського регіону та розглянута світова та українська практика регулювання зовнішньої торгівлі товарами, надані основні методи аналізу зовнішньої торгівлі товарами. Охарактеризовано Одеський регіон в якості суб’єкта зовнішньої торгівлі товарами. Проаналізовано динаміка та структура зовнішньої торгівлі товарами в Одеському регіоні. Обґрунтовані перспективи розвитку зовнішньої торгівлі товарами в Одеському регіоні , розроблені рекомендації щодо покращення зовнішньої торгівлі аграрно-продовольчими товарами Одеського регіону.
The paper examines the concepts, features and factors of foreign trade in goods of the Odessa region and considered the world and Ukrainian practice of regulating foreign trade in goods, provided to the basic methods of analyzing foreign trade in goods. Odessa region is characterized as a subject of foreign trade in goods. The dynamics and structure of foreign trade in goods in the Odessa region are analyzed. The prospects for the development of foreign trade in goods in the Odessa region are substantiated, recommendations for improving foreign trade in agricultural products of the Odessa region are developed.

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Merlino, G. "STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PROCESSES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/169990.

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Nowadays world energy needs rely mostly on fossil fuels (oil, coal and natural gas) which accounts for more than 80% of global energy production. Fossil fuels reserves are estimated to deplete in the next future. In this context, it arises the need to establish new renewable energetic sources. A well-established technology for bioenergy production in the form of biogas is anaerobic digestion (AD). This process involves a complex consortium of different functional groups of microbes which, degrading the organic matter, produce biogas composed mainly of methane and carbon dioxide. In the latest 10 years there has been renewed interest for energy production from biomass through AD because of its versatility and potentiality. So far, the control and performance of AD process has typically been performed working on operational parameters (such as T, pH, COD, loading rate, etc.). However, recent studies concerning the microbial consortia involved in this complex process have been developing with the final aim to get an exhaustive knowledge of microbiology of the process and how it correlates to the operation of the reactor in order to improve the digester performance making preventive action possible. the general aim of this PhD thesis was to investigate the microbiology of both batch and continuous, single and two-stage anaerobic systems. The goals were (i) to elucidate the structure of the microbial communities, (ii) to investigate the dynamics, interactions and responses of the key metabolic groups responsible for the degradation of substrates and (iii) to give valuable information on the correlation between structure and function inside the microbial consortiums.

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Lavazza, D. "BACTERIAL COMMUNITY DYNAMICS IN A NOVEL 1,2-DCA DECHLORINATING ANAEROBIC CONSORTIUM." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/347436.

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ABSTRACT 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) is a chlorinated solvent and a polyvinylchloride (PVC) synthesis intermediate. Its production worldwide sums up to more than 20 million tons per year and due to its relatively high solubility in water, it tends to partition in groundwater aquifers, constituting a permanent source of pollution, being a typical persistent organic pollutant (POP). A groundwater aquifer near to Ferrara (Italy) has been the object of this study, in which we investigated the potential of the indigenous microbial community to carry over remediation of pollutant, following amendment with electron donors suitable to stimulate reductive dehalogenation of 1,2-DCA. In the first park of the work, we investigated response of lower aquifer microbial community to lactate biostimulation, in terms of population shift, through 16s rRNA libraries. Contextually we investigated the functional diversity of the putative reductive dehalogenase genes retrieved in the aquifer, prior and posterior to amendment. The population variation was moderate in terms of Shannon index and community organization shifts, but the population represented changed nearly completely, showing emerging co-dominating population, in which no known 1,2-DCA degrader are present. From the other hand, functional genes analysis showed some redundancy of the function as well, since four distinct, but highly similar among each other dehalogenase sequences were retrieved and compared with sequences found in upper aquifer by Marzorati and colleagues (2007), to find a high identity percentage (99%) among these sequences and the three found in upper aquifer that clusterized with WL rdhA1 sequence retrieved by Grostern & Edwards in a 1,2- DCAdegrading co-culture dominated by Dehalobacter sp.WL. In the second part of the work, we investigated response of upper aquifer communities, proceeding from two distinct piezometers, to amendment with various electron donors, with the aim of obtaining an enriched dechlorinating community and characterize it through transfers. Total diversity and functional genes were monitored through transfers through different techniques: 16S rRNA clone libraries, Illumina MySeq and functional genes PCR-DGGE. Eventually, the enriched culture was monitored through flow cytometry to follow the population growth during 1,2-DCA degradation. The best response, in terms of conservation of dechlorinating activity through transfers, was observed following amendment with a mixture of acetate and formate, which eventually led to a co-dominated community in which a putative dechlorinating Unc. Geobacter sp. grew together with a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain, with an apparent mutual benefit. Phylogenetic analysis of 16s rRNA and of functional genes was performed. The putative dechlorinator Unc. Geobacter sp. closed characterized relatives appeared to be G. psychrophilus and G. chapellei, while highest identity was found with an Unc. Geobacter sp. retrieved during previous studies on the same aquifer. In the third and final part, we intended to investigate the mechanisms of interaction between the dominating species of the previously enriched culture, stressing the role of P. aeruginosa secondary metabolites, pyocyanin (PYO) and rhamnolipids (RL), whose positive effect in exoelctogenic activity of P. aeruginosa, as well as of other bacteria, has been described in several studies. At this purpose, we set up different parallel replicates in which various combinations of P. aeruginosa metabolites were tested to verify their effect on dechlorination rate as well as on population growth. Results showed a beneficial effect of RL and PYO addiction to culture, but not of PYO alone. Moreover PYO was detected in all microcosms after 1,2-DCA degradation, suggesting RL concentration as a limiting factor for PYO function as putative electron shuttle, in microcosm conditions.

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Jahel, Camille. "Analyse des dynamiques des agroécosystèmes par modélisation spatialisée et utilisation d’images satellitaires, Cas d’étude de l’ouest du Burkina Faso." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AGPT0059.

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L’organisation des territoires ruraux d’Afrique de l’Ouest a été bouleversée ces vingt dernières années par des changements rapides, dus à un accroissement démographique sans précédent, à des politiques favorisant les cultures d’exportation et à l’introduction de nouvelles techniques culturales. On assiste aujourd’hui à une mutation des structures d’exploitation, une pression sur les ressources forestières, un épuisement des sols et une saturation de l’espace cultivé. Les tensions pour l’accès aux ressources se multiplient, faisant souvent ressurgir d’anciens conflits ethniques, et la question de la sécurité alimentaire se pose. Dans ce contexte, des systèmes d’alerte précoce ont été mis en place dans le but d’anticiper et d’endiguer l’insécurité alimentaire par l’analyse des risques de catastrophe.La thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de ces systèmes d’alerte précoce et traite de l’étude des changements agraires et de leurs mécanismes. Elle se propose d’explorer de nouvelles pistes méthodologiques, basées à la fois sur la modélisation et la télédétection, pour réaliser une analyse rétrospective et prospective des dynamiques agraires de la province du Tuy, située à l’ouest du Burkina Faso.Nous abordons tout d’abord la question du croisement d’échelles dans les modèles de dynamiques des agroécosystèmes en développant un modèle multiscalaire des évolutions passées. Le modèle utilise les graphes d’interaction pour simuler des processus allant de l’échelle de la parcelle à l’échelle régionale (évolution des rendements, évolution des assolements, déforestation). Nous montrons ainsi qu’il est possible d’effectuer un croisement d’échelles dans un modèle sans avoir recours aux méthodes d’agrégation ou de désagrégation habituellement employées pour ce type d’étude.Le modèle est ensuite utilisé pour analyser deux aspects des dynamiques agraires de la province du Tuy. Le premier aborde les dynamiques de défriche, d’abord analysées à la lumière du débat Malthus-Boserup qui porte sur l’impact de la croissance démographique sur les ressources naturelles. Des scénarios prospectifs sont simulés et leurs conséquences sur les surfaces en végétation naturelle sont évaluées : ces scénarios simulent l’émigration d’une partie de la population vers d’autres régions, la création de zones protégées, la mise en place de politiques démographiques et la conversion progressive des systèmes de production à l’agro-écologie.Le second aspect concerne les processus décisionnels des agriculteurs pour constituer leurs assolements. L’étude consiste plus précisément à comprendre les importantes variations des surfaces allouées aux différentes cultures, observées au cours de la période étudiée, via l’analyse de l’évolution simulée du poids des différents facteurs intervenant dans la prise de décision.Dans une dernière partie, nous montrons qu’il est possible de détecter explicitement des empreintes de processus anthropiques dans les images de télédétection en utilisant les simulations multiscalaires du modèle développé. Nous réalisons ensuite une assimilation de l’information satellitaire dans le modèle, pour le ré-étalonner et ainsi renforcer ses capacités à reproduire les dynamiques ayant eu lieu. Cette dernière partie ouvre d’importantes perspectives concernant l’utilisation conjointe de l’information satellitaire et des modèles de dynamiques des agroécosystèmes
Rural areas of West Africa have seen notable transformations these last two decades, mainly due to high population growth, development policies in favor of export crops and introduction of new cropping practices. The results of these developments are a pressure on forestry resources, an evolution of farming systems, a depletion of soils and a saturation of cultivated areas. The number of conflicts for resources access increases, reviving buried ethnical tensions, and the question of food security is raised. In that context, early warning systems have been developed in order to foresee and curb food insecurity by the mean of hazard analyses.The present work deals with agrarian changes and their mechanisms, in the context of early warning systems development. New methodological approaches are explored, based on modeling and remote sensing in order to create a retrospective and prospective analysis of agrarian dynamics of the Tuy province, located in West Burkina Faso.We first focus on the issue of cross-scaling in agro-ecosystems dynamics models, by building a multi-scalar model of past developments. The model uses interaction graphs to simulate processes occurring from the plot scale to the regional scale (crop production, crop rotation and crop area expansion). We show that modelling across scales is achievable without resorting to methods of aggregation or disaggregation, usually applied for this type of study.The model is then used to analyze two aspects of agrarian dynamics of Tuy province. The first one deals with clearances dynamics in the context of Malthus vs Boserup debate, concerning the impacts of demographic growth on natural resources. Prospective scenarios are simulated and their consequences on natural vegetation surfaces are assessed: these scenarios simulate emigrations of a part of the population towards other areas, the implementation of protected areas, a demographic regulation and an ecological intensification of farming systems.The second aspect concerns decisional processes of farmers in order to constitute their crops rotations. The study consists in understanding the important variations of cultivated species, observed during the studied period, by analyzing the simulated weight evolution of different determining factors involved in the decisional processes.Finally, we show that anthropic processes footprints are explicitly detectable in remote sensing images, by using multi-scalar simulations of the model developed. Then, we create an assimilation of satellite data in the model in order to re-calibrate it and reinforce its abilities to reproduce past dynamics. This last part opens important perspectives concerning the joint use of remote sensing data and agro-ecosystems dynamics

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Книги з теми "Agrarian dynamics"

1

Nair, V. Muraleedharan. Dynamics of agrarian struggle. New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1996.

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Watts, Michael. Agrarian thermidor: Rural dynamics and the agrarian question in Vinh Phu Province, Vietnam. [Berkeley]: Institute of International Studies, University of California at Berkeley, 1995.

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Politico-peasantry conflict in India: Dynamics of agrarian change. New Delhi: Mittal Publications, 1991.

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Krishna, Rao Y. V. Dynamics of Agrarian transformation and peasant struggles in Andhra Pradesh. Hyderabad: Sole distributors Visalaandhra Pub. House, 2000.

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5

1930-, Sharma Madan Lal, and Dak T. M. 1936-, eds. Caste and class in agrarian society: Dynamics of rural development. Delhi: Ajanta Publications, 1985.

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Berry, Sara. No condition is permanent: Social dynamics of agrarian change in Sub-SaharanAfrica. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1993.

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7

From mobilization to institutionalization: The dynamics of agrarian movement in twentieth century Kerala. Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 1985.

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Berry, Sara. No condition is permanent: The social dynamics of agrarian change in sub-Saharan Africa. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 1993.

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9

No condition is permanent: The social dynamics of agrarian change in sub-Saharan Africa. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 1993.

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10

Rosin, R. Thomas. Land reform and agrarian change: Study of a Marwar village from raj to swaraj. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 1987.

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Частини книг з теми "Agrarian dynamics"

1

Kay, Cristóbal. "Contemporary dynamics of agrarian change." In The Essential Guide to Critical Development Studies, 291–300. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315612867-24.

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Kay, Cristóbal. "Contemporary dynamics of agrarian change." In The Essential Guide to Critical Development Studies, 267–74. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003037187-40.

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3

Habibi, Muchtar. "Exposing Class Dynamics of Agrarian Change Under Capitalism." In Capitalism and Agrarian Change, 12–40. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003267348-2.

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Petras, James, and Henry Veltmeyer. "Dynamics of Agrarian Transformation and Resistance." In Social Movements in Latin America, 53–78. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230117075_4.

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Habibi, Muchtar. "Class Dynamics of Agrarian Change in Java and Sumatra." In Capitalism and Agrarian Change, 89–141. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003267348-5.

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McKay, Ben M., and Gonzalo Colque. "Extractive dynamics of agrarian change in Bolivia." In Agrarian Extractivism in Latin America, 45–63. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge critical development series: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367822958-3.

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Pelupessy, Wim. "Institutional Constraints and Internal Dynamics of Land Reform in El Salvador and Taiwan." In Agrarian Policies in Central America, 17–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333982709_2.

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Malkov, Sergey, Natalia Kovaleva, Leonid Grinin, and Andrey Korotayev. "Modeling Social Self-Organization and Historical Dynamics. Agrarian Society." In Reconsidering the Limits to Growth, 309–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34999-7_16.

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Monjane, Boaventura, and Natacha Bruna. "Confronting agrarian authoritarianism: dynamics of resistance to PROSAVANA in Mozambique." In Authoritarian Populism and the Rural World, 313–37. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003162353-14.

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Poirier, Nicolas. "Archaeological evidence for agrarian manuring: Studying the time-space dynamics of agricultural areas with surface-collected off-site material." In Agrarian Technology in the Medieval Landscape, 279–90. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.ruralia-eb.5.110472.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Agrarian dynamics"

1

Handayani, Sri Wahyu, and Supriyanto. "The Dynamics of Agrarian Reform in Indonesia: Between Expectation and Reality." In International Conference Recent Innovation. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009921201870194.

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Aditya Airlangga, Sinergy. "Meaningless ‘Domination’: Workers, Elites and Agrarian Class Dynamics in Agricultural Subsidy Policy." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Rural Socio-Economic Transformation: Agrarian, Ecology, Communication and Community Development Perspectives, RUSET 2021, 14-15 September 2021, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.14-9-2021.2317179.

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3

Solodukhina, N. V., and M. Yu Cherednichenko. "Dynamics of in vitro growth of Elsholtzia ciliata microplants." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/09.09.2019.115.

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Kochurova, E. V., V. F. Pavlova, and E. A. Lebedeva. "Dynamics of mefenoxam degradation in onions, grapes and grape juice." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/09.09.2019.28.

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Didenko, N. A., and M. E. Podgornaya. "Dynamics of decomposition of residual amounts of fenoxycarb in apple fruits." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-14.

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The possibility of determining the residual amount of the insecticide “Insegar”, water-soluble granules (250 g/kg fenoxycarb) by high performance liquid chromatography is shown. The dynamics of the decomposition of the insecticide in the fruits of the apple tree is considered. On the 20th day, after double use of “Insegar” (consumption rate – 0.6 kg/ha), the fenoxycarb content was 0.42–0.31 mg/kg.

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Orlov, O. V., and E. G. Yurchenko. "Comparative study of the dynamics European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana) population in the Taman peninsula ampelocenosis." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-37.

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Research shows the decrease in the population of European grapevine moth in the Taman peninsula ampelocenosis by 2.8-3.6 times. The first generation is considered to be the largest. Currently, the first generation flight is observed 10-15 days earlier than in the 1990s. An increase from three to four generation counts is recorded. The emergence of aestivation in the seasonal dynamics of the pest population is noted.

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Zelensky, R. A., A. A. Pachkin, M. V. Ivanisova, and O. Yu Kremneva. "Effectiveness of LED traps for monitoring and controlling cotton bollworm in sunflower crops." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-21-1.

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Sunflower is one of the strategic crops in the Krasnodar Territory. The lack of timely monitoring, the widespread and repeated use of chemical insecticides has led to pests resistance to them. This situation creates a need for new methods of monitoring and protecting the crops from economically significant insects. The purpose of these studies was to identify the effectiveness of LED traps for monitoring and controlling Helicoverpa armigera. The paper presents a comparative analysis of captured insects using aspiration and conical traps. The dynamics of captured insects and the possibility of using these devices as a means of monitoring and reducing the number of cotton scoops are shown.

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Buryakov, A. E., and O. V. Butkova. "ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF PRODUCTION AND SALES OF CROP PRODUCTS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF AGRARIAN FORMATIONS." In INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2020.166-170.

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The article presents the results of the analysis of the production and sale of crop products of an agro-industrial enterprise. As part of the study, the dynamics of production of the main types of products of the pilot enterprise was assessed. the calculation of the influence of factors on the gross yield of crop production and the influence of the structure of crops of agricultural crops on the volume of their production and on the amount of profit The analysis of profit and profitability of sales of crop production is carried out

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Kalugina, E. G., and O. A. Stolbova. "SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF HELMINTHIOSIS OF HORSES IN THE TYUMEN REGION." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.199-203.

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Today, helminth infections in horses are one of the important problems for veterinary specialists, since the action of helminths significantly affects the general condition of horses, allergic and toxic manifestations of diseases are observed, external qualities deteriorate, and performance, endurance, and natural resistance are reduced, which leads to diseases of various etiologies. We set a goal to study seasonal features of the epizootic process of helminthiasis in horses in the Tyumen Region. The work was carried out in 2020 on the basis of the Laboratory of Innovative Horse Breeding of the Institute of Biotechnology and Veterinary Medicine of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, the Tyumen Regional Hippodrome, and Allegro and Olympia equestrian clubs. A total of 312 animals were examined. The diagnosis was confirmed by common laboratory research methods. As a result of our studies, it was found that the maximum invasion prevalence caused by helminths Parascaris equorum was recorded in the autumn-winter period, and the minimum in the springsummer period; the invasion with Strongyloides westeri caused by causative agents from the suborder Strongylata was observed in the spring-summer-autumn period, and the minimum in winter, and the invasion with Oxyuris equi was recorded in early spring and minimal invasion in summer.

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LADYCHENKO, Kateryna, and Anna METELSKA. "INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR UKRAINIAN FARMS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.237.

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The study aimed to explore the current situation and services efficiency level of problems of Institutional framework of government support for Ukrainian farms. Nowadays, the agrarian sector of the economy shows a positive dynamics of growth, forming in recent years about 14% of gross value added in the country and about 40% of foreign exchange earnings on exports in Ukraine. This article aims to examine, through content analysis and statistical description, the importance of the agrarian sector in the national economy and its role in ensuring the country's food security requires the sustainability and effectiveness of its development based by experiences of USA and Europe practices. Therefore, the study examined the development of farming and service cooperatives are the necessary actions of the state, aimed at ensuring that a person working on the ground can earn enough money to be interested in continuing the work on his own land. Research data were collected from State Statistics Service of Ukraine, World Economic Forum and The European Statistical System. Research results showed that creating new jobs in the countryside are taxes to local budgets, and the development of rural areas, and the slowdown of urbanization, the reduction of the rate of extinction of the Ukrainian village. Such economic results, supplemented by the solution of other problems that farmers say, will obviously be better prepared for the opening of the land market in the future.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Agrarian dynamics"

1

Chinsinga, Blessings, Mirriam Matita, Masautso Chimombo, Loveness Msofi, Stevier Kaiyatsa, and Jacob Mazalale. Agricultural Commercialisation and Rural Livelihoods in Malawi: A Historical and Contemporary Agrarian Inquiry. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.043.

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This study was carried out to understand the underlying dynamics of agricultural commercialisation in Malawi, especially among smallholder farmers. Despite various concerted efforts to accelerate agricultural growth and transformation, the progress among smallholder farmers has been less satisfactory. Most of the smallholder farmers do not engage with markets on a consistent and sustainable basis. Consequently, the aim of this paper was to demonstrate that there is no one ideal type of agricultural commercialisation that can be realised through investment and policy intervention.

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Shonhe, Toendepi. Covid-19 and the Political Economy of Tobacco and Maize Commodity Circuits: Makoronyera, the ‘Connected’ and Agrarian Accumulation in Zimbabwe. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.009.

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This paper analyses the global commodity circuits – value chains – for maize and tobacco in Zimbabwe, in the context of a reconfigured agrarian economy and COVID-19 induced shocks. The study focuses on the political economy dynamics of agricultural commodity circuits to reveal how they can contribute to understanding the drivers and constraints of agricultural commercialisation in Zimbabwe. This paper traces the circuits of maize and tobacco, the two major crops for food security and foreign currency earnings in Zimbabwe.

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Reeve, Sophie, Susanna Cartmell, Alice Mutimer, and Olivia Frost. e-Dialogues Spark Debate on the Dynamics of Agricultural Commercialisation. APRA, Future Agricultures Consortium, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.029.

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In early 2022, the Agricultural Policy Research in Africa (APRA) Programme of the Future Agricultures Consortium (FAC), in partnership with the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network and Foresight4Food, held an e-Dialogue series: Towards an Equitable and Sustainable Transformation of Food Systems. This followed an earlier, highly successful series organised with the same partners in the second half of 2020 on What Future for Small-Scale Farming? The latest series included three online Zoom sessions led by APRA over January-March 2022 on topics including COVID-19 and its effects on local food systems and rural livelihoods, and transition pathways and strategies for supporting more equitable and resilient food systems in Africa. These virtual events were designed to replace an international conference that was part of APRA’s original end-of-programme plan, before the COVID-19 crisis prevented large, physical gatherings. The three e-Dialogues brought together APRA researchers and expert commentators from across sub-Saharan Africa, as well as a wider audience. The objective of these dialogues was to examine evidence and lessons from APRA’s six-year collaborative research programme (2016-22) analysing the dynamics of agricultural commercialisation processes, agrarian change and rural transformation in the region. This report looks at their impact, what worked well, and what could have been improved.

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