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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Aging cables"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Aging cables"

Bilan, T., I. Rezvik, O. Sakhno, O. But, and S. Bogdanov. "Main Approaches to Cable Aging Management at Nuclear Power Plants in Ukraine." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 4(84) (December 19, 2019): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2019.4(84).07.

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The mechanisms of cable ageing at nuclear power plants (NPPs) mainly depending on the insulation material, as well as the damaging factors affecting cables that are determined by the operating conditions are considered in the paper. The main and additional mechanisms of aging resulting from the effects of damaging factors are provided. The paper presents the main methods of cable aging management: determining the actual service life and testing using field methods and other means. The basic principles for the arrangement of cable aging management at Ukrainian NPPs, as well as the methods used to investigate the technical condition of cables, are presented. A list of mandatory lists has been defined when performing activities on cable aging management. A methodology is described for lifetime extension of cables, and conditions for extending the service life of cables that are in service are provided. A number of methods of testing cables for aging management are considered: visual inspection of insulation and measurement of crack size, discoloration, etc.; insulation hardness test; insulation chemical analysis; electrical insulation tests; tensile strength measurement; measurement of elongation at break; measurements of dielectric loss at low frequency or sweep frequency; testing by dynamic reflectometry method; AC and DC current impedance measurements. The paper presents results of separate laboratory studies for selected 1 kV representative power cables with PVC insulation of SUNPP-1, ZNPP-1 and KhNPP-2 conducted within Ukrainian NPP long-term operation, which included a stage of laboratory examination and examination of cable samples in operating conditions. The following results were obtained: dependence of VVGng 4x6 cable lifetime on operating temperature; dependence of AVVG cable lifetime on operating temperature; dependence of AVVG (a) cable lifetime on operating temperature. There are possibilities and conditions under which the use of cables within long-term operation is permissible.

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Lee, Seok-Hui, Min-Ho Kim, Sangkyu Lee, Ju-Eun Lee, and Min-Chul Lee. "Analysis of Combustion and Smoke Characteristics According to the Aging of Class 1E Cables in Nuclear Power Plants." Fire Science and Engineering 35, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.970c894b.

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In this study, combustion and smoke characteristics according to the aging of class 1E cables in nuclear power plants were analyzed through a cone calorimeter test. In the case of combustion characteristics, during the early period, which was the first peak of the heat release rate, the peak value of the non-aged cable was higher by approximately 20-50 kW/m2 than that of aged cables. However, in the mid-late periods, which was the second peak, the value of the aged cables were higher than the non-aged cable due to the decrease in flame retardant performance with aging deterioration. In addition, the duration of the char layer of the aged cables was shortened by 200 s than that of the non-aged cables due to the unstable formation of char layer. The total heat release measured was approximately 1.4 times higher in the aged cables than in the non-aged cables. In the case of smoke characteristics, the smoke production rate and total smoke release show a similar trend with the heat release rate and total heat release. The total smoke release of the aged cables was measured to be higher than that of the non-aged cables. The tendency of the smoke factor increased with aging deterioration, and the values of the smoke factor in the aged cables beyond 4 years were approximately 1.76-2.0 times different from those in the non-aged cables. Consequently, the smoke risk increased with aging deterioration. Therefore, the risk of heat and smoke release increased as aging progressed.

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He, Dongxin, Tao Zhang, Meng Ma, Wenjie Gong, Wei Wang, and Qingquan Li. "Research on Mechanical, Physicochemical and Electrical Properties of XLPE-Insulated Cables under Electrical-Thermal Aging." Journal of Nanomaterials 2020 (February 3, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3968737.

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The stabilization of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables is crucial to the safe working of power systems. In order to investigate the aging characteristics of cable insulation in the process of operation, 10 kV XLPE cables were electrically-thermally aged at an AC voltage of 26.1 kV and three temperatures: 103°C, 114°C, and 135°C. Cable samples at five aging stages were cut into slices and tested to determine their mechanical, physicochemical properties and dielectric strength. The changes in these properties were analyzed in terms of aging time. The mechanical strength and oxidation induction time have the same changing trend of decrease, because the chemical bonds of the cable insulation material are fractured when the XLPE cable is aged. The AC space charge presented a trend of gradual accumulation with aging time. The breakdown field strength after AC voltage application decreases monotonically with aging time, which could be a characteristic index to evaluate the degradation degree of the cable insulation. This research contributes to the comprehension of degradation mechanism and discovery of aging assessment criteria, which is of great significance in assessments of insulation properties and fault detection on power cables.

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Matery, Tatiyana, and Vladimir Kim. "Enhancing Resistance of Cables to Hydrocarbons." Applied Mechanics and Materials 792 (September 2015): 572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.792.572.

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An aging in hydrocarbon fluids (the transformer oil and diesel fuel) of cables with sheaths produced of polymers having different resistance to swelling and using different extruders has been carried out. While the aging resistance of cables is mainly determined by the resistance of its polymer sheath to the swelling, it is shown that the cable resistance to aging in hydrocarbons can be significantly increased by using of twin extruder to produce a two-layer sheath in one operation. This way of sheathing is proposed to increase the oil resistance of cables.

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Yahya, Muhammad Bin, and Muhammad Nazrolni Azmi Bin Izani. "Cable Test and Breakdown Voltage Determination of Joysense Cable Insulation." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 8, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v8.i1.pp177-183.

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Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE) has been used as the insulation for polymeric power cables for its superior advantages. This type of cable insulation are famously known and used for their good dielectric properties, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and probability to be utilized at high temperature. This study is of four (4) parts; designing suitable method for cable test, accelerated testing procedures applied to XLPE insulation for high voltage cables, online partial discharge determination, and aging test. To study the insulation durability to AC high voltage operation, the breakdown strength and aging were investigated under different setting of temperature. The breakdown voltages of XLPE were measured at different temperatures of 300C, 500C and finally at 700C. Lastly, the aging effect of cable insulation was observed by conducting the AC breakdown voltage test after the aging process. Results showed that the breakdown voltage and aging of XLPE cables will decrease with increase of temperature setting.

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Kim, Min Ho, Hyun Jeong Seo, Sang Kyu Lee, and Min Chul Lee. "Influence of Thermal Aging on the Combustion Characteristics of Cables in Nuclear Power Plants." Energies 14, no. 7 (April 5, 2021): 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14072003.

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In this study, the combustion characteristics and emission of toxic gases of a non-class 1E cable in a nuclear power plant were investigated with respect to the aging period. A thermal accelerated aging method was applied using the Arrhenius equation with the activation energy of the cables and the aging periods of the cables set to zero, 10, 20, 30 and 40 years old by considering the lifetime of a nuclear power plant. According to ISO 5660-1 and ISO 19702, the cone calorimeter Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy test was performed to analyze the combustion characteristics and emission toxicity. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer were used to examine the change in the surface of the sheath and insulation of the cables according to the aging periods. To compare quantitative fire risks at an early period, the fire performance index (FPI) and fire growth index (FGI) are derived from the test results of the ignition time, peak heat release rate (PHRR) and time to PHRR (tPHRR). When comparing FPI and FGI, the fire risks decreased as the aging period increased, which means that early fire risks may be alleviated through the devolatilization of both the sheath and insulation of the cables. However, when comparing heat release and mass loss, which represent the fire risk at the mid and late period, fire intensity and severity increased with the aging period. The emission of toxic gases coincided with the results obtained from the heat release rate, which confirms that the toxicity of non-aged cables is higher than that of aged cables. From the results, it can be concluded that the aging period significantly affects both the combustion characteristics and toxicity of the emission gas. Therefore, cable degradation with aging should be considered when setting up reinforced safety codes and standards for cables and planning proper operation procedures for nuclear power plants.

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Mustafa, Ehtasham, Ramy S. A. Afia, and Zoltán Ádám Tamus. "Condition Monitoring Uncertainties and Thermal - Radiation Multistress Accelerated Aging Tests for Nuclear Power Plant Cables: A Review." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 64, no. 1 (September 23, 2019): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.14038.

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The low voltage cables in the nuclear power plant have the same importance as veins have in the human body. Since, the cables inside the containment are under a number of environmental stress, out which the thermal and radiation stresses are important and become more effective with the presence of oxygen. These stresses cause the degradation of the insulation and hence may lead to insulation failure. To study the behavior of the cables under the nuclear power plant environmental stress, the cables are subjected to accelerated aging tests in laboratories which helps in determining their withstand capacity and degradation behavior in the harsh thermal-radiation environment. In this paper, the accelerated aging tests conditions are discussed with the focus on the role of certain uncertainty factors which effect the aging markers during the condition monitoring of the insulation material of cable after the accelerated aging tests. This review has been put into a framework to better understand the aging process in the low voltage nuclear power plant cables. In the conclusion part, some future directions in the field of the thermal-radiation multi-stress accelerated aging tests and condition monitoring techniques are also identified.

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Zapf, Martin, Tobias Blenk, Ann-Catrin Müller, Hermann Pengg, Ivana Mladenovic, and Christian Weindl. "Lifetime Assessment of PILC Cables with Regard to Thermal Aging Based on a Medium Voltage Distribution Network Benchmark and Representative Load Scenarios in the Course of the Expansion of Distributed Energy Resources." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020494.

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The decentralized feed-ins from distributed energy resources (DER) represent a significant change in the manner in which the power grid is used. If this leads to high loads on electrical equipment, its aging can be accelerated. This applies in particular with regard to the thermal aging of older generations of power cables, namely paper insulated lead covered (PILC) cables. This type of power cable can still be found frequently in medium voltage (MV) networks. If aging of these cables is significantly accelerated in the presence of DER, distribution system operators (DSO) could face unplanned premature cable failures and a high replacement demand and costs. Therefore, this paper investigates the thermal aging of PILC cables in a MV distribution network benchmark for different load scenarios, using standardized load profiles and representative expansion scenarios for wind power and photovoltaics plants in particularly affected network areas in Germany. A main objective of this paper is to present a methodology for estimating the thermal degradation of PILC cables. An approach is used to draw simplified conclusions from the loading of cables to their conductor or insulation temperature. For this purpose, mainly Joule losses are considered. In addition, thermal time constants are used for the heating and cooling processes. Based on the insulation temperature, thermal aging is determined using the Arrhenius law or the Montsinger rule. However, it is important to note that there is an urgent need for research on reference data in this area. For this reason, the results of the lifetime estimation presented in this paper should only be considered as an approximation if the selected reference data from the literature for the aging model are actually applicable. The lifetime assessment is performed for a highly utilized line segment of the network benchmark. Accordingly, extreme values are examined. Different operational control strategies of DSO to limit cable utilization are investigated. The results show that the expansion of DER can lead to a short but high cable utilization, although the average utilization does not increase or increases only slightly. This can lead to significantly lower cable lifetimes. The possible influence of these temporarily high loads is shown by comparing the resulting cable lifetime with previous situations without DER. It is also shown that DSO could already reduce excessive aging of PILC cables by preventing overloads in a few hours of a year. In addition to these specific results, general findings on the network load due to the influence of DER are obtained, which are of interest for congestion management.

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Afia, Ramy S. A., Ehtasham Mustafa, and Zoltán Ádám Tamus. "Comparison of Mechanical and Low-Frequency Dielectric Properties of Thermally and Thermo-Mechanically Aged Low Voltage CSPE/XLPE Nuclear Power Plant Cables." Electronics 10, no. 22 (November 9, 2021): 2728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222728.

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During the service period of low-voltage nuclear cables, multiple stresses influence the aging of polymeric materials of cables. Thermal and radiation stresses are considered service aging factors in qualification tests, while the standards usually do not prescribe mechanical stress. CSPE/XLPE insulated nuclear cable samples were exposed to thermal and combined thermo-mechanical aging for more than 1200 h at 120 °C. The real and imaginary parts of permittivity were measured in the 200 μHz to 50 mHz range as dielectric properties. The Shore D hardness of the samples was measured to analyze the mechanical characteristics of the cable. To characterize the dielectric spectrum, derived quantities, namely central real and imaginary permittivities and real and imaginary permittivities’ central frequencies were calculated. The change of dielectric spectra did not show a clear trend with aging, but the imaginary permittivity’s central frequency was higher by 0.5 mHz in the case of thermo-mechanically aged samples. The Shore D hardness was also higher on the thermo-mechanically aged samples. These findings show the combined aging has a higher impact on the insulation properties. Hence, involving the mechanical stress in the aging procedure of cable qualification enables the design of more robust cables in a harsh environment.

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Al-Onazi, Yousef, Nissar Wani, Abdulrahman Al-Arainy, and Yasin Khan. "Insulation Performance Analysis of Field Aged and New MV XLPE Cables Using Various Diagnostic Techniques." E3S Web of Conferences 294 (2021): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129402008.

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Анотація:

Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables are widely used in the distribution and transmission networks of power systems. The insulation materials of these cables are stressed by the over voltages and are also exposed to various environmental conditions. This leads the power cables to degrade during their normal life span. Therefore, it would be advantageous for the power utilities to acquire the cable’s insulation condition frequently during their operation. In this paper, experimental studies were carried out on short sections of field aged as well as un-aged medium voltage (MV) XLPE cables to investigate the insulation condition using non-destructive diagnostic techniques such as Dissipation Factor (DF), Isothermal Relaxation Current (IRC), and Partial Discharge (PD) characteristics at 60Hz. From this set of experiments, different parameters will be used to analyze the dielectric response and the insulation condition. Finally, the results show how the VLF dissipation factor works efficiently to assess cable aging.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Aging cables"

Verardi, Luca <1986&gt. "Aging of nuclear power plant cables: in search of non-destructive diagnostic quantities." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6246/.

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The safety systems of nuclear power plants rely on low-voltage power, instrumentation and control cables. Inside the containment area, cables operate in harsh environments, characterized by relatively high temperature and gamma-irradiation. As these cables are related to fundamental safety systems, they must be able to withstand unexpected accident conditions and, therefore, their condition assessment is of utmost importance as plants age and lifetime extensions are required. Nowadays, the integrity and functionality of these cables are monitored mainly through destructive test which requires specific laboratory. The investigation of electrical aging markers which can provide information about the state of the cable by non-destructive testing methods would improve significantly the present diagnostic techniques. This work has been made within the framework of the ADVANCE (Aging Diagnostic and Prognostics of Low-Voltage I\&C Cables) project, a FP7 European program. This Ph.D. thesis aims at studying the impact of aging on cable electrical parameters, in order to understand the evolution of the electrical properties associated with cable degradation. The identification of suitable aging markers requires the comparison of the electrical property variation with the physical/chemical degradation mechanisms of polymers for different insulating materials and compositions. The feasibility of non-destructive electrical condition monitoring techniques as potential substitutes for destructive methods will be finally discussed studying the correlation between electrical and mechanical properties. In this work, the electrical properties of cable insulators are monitored and characterized mainly by dielectric spectroscopy, polarization/depolarization current analysis and space charge distribution. Among these techniques, dielectric spectroscopy showed the most promising results; by means of dielectric spectroscopy it is possible to identify the frequency range where the properties are more sensitive to aging. In particular, the imaginary part of permittivity at high frequency, which is related to oxidation, has been identified as the most suitable aging marker based on electrical quantities.

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Stagni, Stefano. "Experimental evaluation of dielectric aging due to long TOV application in XLPE-insulated HVDC cables." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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Анотація:

In questo lavoro sperimentale ed innovativo è stata effettuata una valutazione dell’effetto provocato dall’applicazione di sovratensioni ripetute (“Long TOVs), su provini di polietilene reticolato (XLPE) dello spessore di 0.15mm. Tale Long TOV è stata definita dal CIGRÉ Joint Working Group (JWG) B4/B1/C.4.73, basandosi su sovratensioni registrate nella configurazione bipolare rigida per la trasmissione dell’energia elettrica HVDC. In particolare quando un polo è soggetto a un guasto, il polo sano è soggetto a questa sovratensione che persiste centinaia di millisecondi. I test sono stati svolti modificando le condizioni di invecchiamento come l’intensità del campo elettrico nominale e la durata dell’applicazione delle ripetute forme d’onda Long TOV. La parte immaginaria della costante diellettrica complessa ε”, è stata valutata attraverso una spettroscopia dielettrica sia su provini non invecchiati, sia sui provini invecchiati alle diverse condizioni di invecchiamento. Dopo di chè sono state svolte anche misure sulla spettroscopia infrarossa per valutare la presenza di molecole polari sulla superficie dei provini di XLPE, caratteristiche delle reazioni di ossidazione sintomo di invecchiamento. I test hanno dimostrato che i campioni sono sensibili all’applicazione ripetuta delle Long TOV, in particolare si è notato un picco di valori di ε” attorno alle frequenze di 100 ÷ 103 Hz. Inoltre, questi picchi dipendono dalle condizioni di invecchiamento (durata dell'applicazione e ampiezza del campo elettrico) poiché l'ampiezza dei picchi e la frequenza a cui appaiono variano in funzione di queste due variabili. Per trarre conclusion concrete, un maggior numero di test dev’essere effettuato a differenti condizioni di invecchiamento, in maniera tale da avere una panoramica completa sull’effetto dell’applicazione delle Long TOVs, sui provini di XLPE.

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Bernabè, Marco. "Space charge and dielectric response measurements to assess insulation aging of low-voltage cables used in nuclear power plants." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4824/.

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The current design life of nuclear power plant (NPP) could potentially be extended to 80 years. During this extended plant life, all safety and operationally relevant Instrumentation & Control (I&C) systems are required to meet their designed performance requirements to ensure safe and reliable operation of the NPP, both during normal operation and subsequent to design base events. This in turn requires an adequate and documented qualification and aging management program. It is known that electrical insulation of I&C cables used in safety related circuits can degrade during their life, due to the aging effect of environmental stresses, such as temperature, radiation, vibration, etc., particularly if located in the containment area of the NPP. Thus several condition monitoring techniques are required to assess the state of the insulation. Such techniques can be used to establish a residual lifetime, based on the relationship between condition indicators and ageing stresses, hence, to support a preventive and effective maintenance program. The object of this thesis is to investigate potential electrical aging indicators (diagnostic markers) testing various I&C cable insulations subjected to an accelerated multi-stress (thermal and radiation) aging.

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Lanca, M. C. "Electrical ageing studies of polymeric insulation for power cables (estudo do envelhecimento eléctrico do isolante polimérico de cabos eléctricos." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/4769.

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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Física - Física Aplicada pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
Polymers have been widely used as electrical insulators in power cables. Polyethylene, initially low density and more recently crosslinked, are one of the more commonly used insulators in medium and high voltage power cables. They suffer electrical ageing in different forms, such as water treeing, electrical treeing and finally dielectric breakdown. The last one leading to costly cable failure. Many research works have been developed on this subject despite of the progress made up to now, results are still sometimes contradictory and difficult to reproduce. Any new insight into this problem is a step further in preventing failure of the cables and increasing their useful lifetime. The aim of this thesis was to relate ageing in two different aspects of electrical ageing: localised damage and changes in bulk properties of the polyethylene. For this different experimental techniques were used. Localised damage was water treeing and breakdown channels since no electrical trees were observed. The methods used for this study were FTIR,estimation of fractal dimension of water trees and statistics of dielectric breakdown. The changes of electric and dielectric bulk properties were accessed using mostly DRS, FTSDC and PEA. From the FTIR results it was possible to find oxidation products (mainly ketones and carboxylate ions) and chain scission. The values estimated for fractal dimension point to the same underlying microscopic mechanism for water treeing (at least for samples aged at different frequency and temperature). Breakdown statistics point to the important role of manufacture and processing of the insulator, since early breakdown is mostly dependent on defects resulting from these processes. A correlation between DRS, FTSDC and PEA shows the role played by space charge and trapping on ageing for longer times. The two different aspects (localised and bulk) are difficult to correlate because the first one has a stochastic behaviour. However the presence of space charge found in bulk studies can be regard as one of the initiator factors for localised damage.
Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian

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Quennehen, Pierre. "Etude de la dégradation de la fonction isolation de câbles HT isolés au PVC." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI031/document.

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Une baisse constatée de la résistivité de l'isolation en PVC de certains câbles haute tension unipolaires conduit à s'interroger sur leur aptitude à assurer leur fonction. Cette étude avait pour objectif de fournir des éléments de réponse concernant en particulier l'origine de cette variation de résistivité et ses conséquences sur la tenue diélectrique. Les caractérisations ont porté sur des câbles usagés dont les propriétés avaient évolué au cours de leur utilisation. Les caractérisations physico-chimiques (spectroscopie et microscopie IR, spectroscopie UV, MEB-EDX et coulométrie) ont mis en évidence que le vieillissement du câble résultait d'un mécanisme de déshydrochloruration. La présence de deux modes de conduction dans le matériau a été observée : une conduction électronique à basse température (< -10°C) et une conduction ionique à température ambiante et au-delà. La présence de ces deux modes de conduction est compatible avec le mécanisme de déshydrochloruration. Au contraire d'une loi d'Arrhénius, les vieillissements artificiels ont mis en évidence un effet de seuil de température dans l'activation du mécanisme à l'origine de la chute de résistivité. La tenue diélectrique des câbles a été confortée par des essais à des tensions ou à des températures bien au-delà des valeurs nominales. Les mesures de calorimétrie différentielle à balayage (DSC) ont mis en évidence des surchauffes ponctuelles plus ou moins prononcées qui se corrèlent aux chutes de résistivités constatées, et peuvent donc être considérées comme étant à l'origine des évolutions constatées
The observed decrease in the resistivity of the PVC insulation of some high voltage unipolar cables led to question their ability to perform their function. Provide answers concerning in particular the origin of the variation in resistivity and the impact on the dielectric strength were the objectives of this study. The characterizations were carried on cables withdrawn from service whose properties had changed during their use. Physico-chemical characterization (IR microscopy, UV spectroscopy, SEM - EDX and coulometry) showed that aging of the cable resulted from a mechanism of dehydrochlorination. The presence of two modes of electric conduction in the material was observed: electronic conduction at a low temperature (< -10 ° C) and ionic conduction at room temperature and beyond. The presence of these two modes of conduction is consistent with the mechanism of dehydrochlorination. In contrast to an Arrhenius law, artificial aging showed a threshold effect in the thermal activation of the mechanism at the origin of the resistivity drop. The dielectric strength of the cable has been confirmed by tests at voltages or temperatures well beyond the nominal values. Measurements of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed occasional more or less pronounced overheatings that correlate with the resistivity drops, and can therefore be considered as being at the origin of the observed evolutions

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Бойко, Антон Миколайович. "Діагностика полімерної ізоляції в процесі старіння кабелів під дією сильного електричного поля за трибоелектричним потенціалом". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/19647.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.09.13 – техніка сильних електричних та магнітних полів. Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2015. Дисертація присвячена розробці та обґрунтуванню діагностики за трибоелектричним потенціалом для виявлення зміни поверхневих властивостей полімерної ізоляції в процесі старіння кабелів під дією сильного електричного поля, підвищеної температури та іонізуючого випромінювання. В процесі старіння для двошарової ізоляції на основі застосування схеми заміщення встановлено появу струмів, що змінюються по експоненціальному закону, та отримано динаміку в часі накопичення, рекомбінації та релаксації поверхневого заряду на границі розділу. Встановлено розподіл густини поверхневого заряду по довжині симетричних ізольованих провідників при наявності між ними зазору та тонкого дефектного шару на поверхні полімерної ізоляції на основі отриманого аналітичного рішення. Показано, що окиснений прошарок на поверхні ізоляції призводить по появи сильного електричного поля. В залежності від конструктивного виконання і застосованих матеріалів експериментально визначено значення трибоелектричного потенціалу та встановлена динаміка його зміни в процесі прискореного терморадіаційного старіння кабелів. Встановлено вплив поверхневих та трибозарядів на результати діагностичних обстежень кабелів за опором ізоляції на високій напрузі. Запропонована діагностика за трибоелектричним потенціалом силових, контрольних та інформаційних кабелів дозволяє виявити зміну поверхневих властивостей полімерної ізоляції в процесі старіння кабелів.
Thesis for granting Candidate of Technical sciences Degree in specialty 05.09.13 – Technics of Strong Electric and Magnetic Fields. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", 2015. The thesis is devoted to development and diagnostic system for substantiation triboelectric potential to detect changes in surface properties of polymer isolation in aging cables under the strong electric field, high temperature and radiation. The distribution of surface charge density and voltage drop along the length of symmetrical insulated conductors in the presence of the gap between them and the defective thin layer on the surface of the polymer insulation was established based on the analytical solution. Experimentally determined the values of triboelectric potential and its dynamics of change in the process of accelerated termoradiation aging polymer cable insulation depending on the design of applied materials. There is a significant (threefold) increase in the maximum value of the contact potential difference and achieve maximum torque bias towards smaller values for single core power cables with cross-linked polyethylene insulation 6 kV after accelerated aging thermoradiation. This confirms the high sensitivity of triboelectric potential to aging and allows us to make a suggestion to use this parameter as an indicator of the polymeric insulation aging degree. Influence of surface charges and tribocharges on the results of diagnostic tests on the insulation resistance and stability during the measurement capacitance and dielectric loss tangent cables with polymer insulation was observed. Dynamics of changes in contact potential difference in the aging process power cables with different materials remains consistent with the results of diagnostic tests of capacity and dielectric loss tangent.

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Бойко, Антон Миколайович. "Діагностика полімерної ізоляції в процесі старіння кабелів під дією сильного електричного поля за трибоелектричним потенціалом". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/19642.

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Tzimas, Antonios. "Identification of AC electro-thermal ageing markers from artemis cable peelings." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/4053.

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XLPE cable peelings taken from underground High-Voltage cables that had previously been stressed under different ac electro-thermal conditions are investigated, with the aim of identifying properties indicative of the changes brought about by ageing. The inherent endurance ability of these peelings has been tested for three different endurance conditions of high ac electrical and thermal stresses. Space charge measurements via Pulse-Electro-Acoustic and Thermally-Stimulated-Currents are utilised to evaluate the state of the peelings before and after the endurance test in comparison with unstressed material. It was found that the pre-stressing altered the inherent endurance capability of the peelings especially for materials that had experienced thermal and electro-thermal stressing as a cable. The space charge behaviour also showed changes due to the stressing, related to the accumulation and transport of charge, with ac-electrical stressing reducing the time for heterocharge accumulation at the anode and AC electro-thermal stressing facilitating positive charge injection and propagation to the cathode. A double positive peak near one electrode was identified as indicative of irreversible degradation.

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Кессаев, Александр Геннадиевич. "Водные триинги в силовых кабелях при действии сильного электрического поля и техника их обнаружения". Thesis, НТУ "ХПИ", 2017. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/26761.

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Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 05.09.13 – техника сильных электрических и магнитных полей. Национальный технический университет "Харьковский политехнический институт", Харьков, 2016. Диссертация посвящена обоснованию техники обнаружения водных триингов в силовых кабелях среднего напряжения коаксиальной конструкции с водоблокирующим барьером при действии сильного электрического поля на основании результатов математического моделирования водных включений сферической формы в толще сшитой полиэтиленовой изоляции и физического моделирования процесса увлажнения образцов кабелей в лабораторных условиях. На основе предложенной математической модели водных триингов в виде кластеров сферической формы в толще сшитой полиэтиленовой изоляции высоковольтного с илового кабеля коаксиальной конструкции с осевой симметрией показано, что область сильного электрического поля является функцией размеров и расстояния между сферическими включениями. Результатами численного моделирования подтверждена перспективность техники импульсной рефлектометрии во временной области для диагностики эксплуатационных неоднородностей (эллиптичности, эксцентриситета, водных триингов) в высоковольтных силовых кабелях. Наиболее сильная корреляция на уровне (0,97 – 0,86) в зависимости от продолжительности старения в условиях повышенной влажности наблюдается для токов абсорбции, измеренных на 15 -й и 30-й секунде, что обусловлено более сильным влиянием процессов поляризации свободной влаги на результаты измерений. Обоснована возможность применения техники частичных разрядов (ЧР) для обнаружения водных триингов (участков с повышенной проводимостью) и проанализировано влияние внутренних и внешних электромагнитных помех на импульсы ЧР при проведении испытаний трехфазных высоковольтных гермопроходок коаксиальной конструкции. Результаты диссертационных исследований внедрены в ПАТ "Южкабель" (г. Харьков), в ЗАО "Завод Элокс" (г. Харьков), в учебном процессе кафедры электроизоляционной и кабельной техники Национального технического университета "Харьковский политехнический институт".
The thesis for a candidate degree in technical sciences, speciality 05.09.13 – Technics of Strong Electric and Magnetic Fields. – National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2016. The thesis is devoted to the detection technology of water treeing in medium voltage power cables of coaxial design with a water barrier under the action of strong electric fields on the basis of mathematical modeling of spherical particles of water in the crosslinked polyethylene insulation and physical modeling of the humidification process of cable samples in the laboratory. Based on the proposed mathematical model of water treeing as clusters of spherical shape in the crosslinked polyethylene insulation of the high-voltage power cable of coaxial design with axial symmetry, the region of strong electric field has been shown to be a function of size and distance between spherical inclusions. Based on the simulation results, the technics of impulse reflectometry in the time domain has been confirmed to be as one of the promising methods for diagnosing operational irregularities (ellipticity, eccentricity, water treeing) in high voltage power cables. The results of physical modeling of accelerated aging have shown the effectiveness of the high-frequency dielectric spectroscopy technics for the detection of free water in the polymer insulation of new cables and aged in a wet environment. Using the measurements technics of dielectric absorption the informative diagnostic parameters of moistened cross-linked polyethylene insulation have been shown to be absorption currents measured at 15, 30 and 60th seconds after applying the high constant test voltage, and the dynamic of change of insulation resistance depending on the applied high DC voltage.

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Buhari, Muhammad. "Reliability assessment of ageing distribution cable for replacement in 'smart' distribution systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/reliability-assessment-of-ageing-distribution-cable-for-replacement-in-smart-distribution-systems(e253c774-b5e3-4872-9139-894e7df553f0).html.

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Majority of electricity networks have growing number of ageing elements. Critical network components, such as ageing underground cables, are very expensive to install and disruptive to replace. On the other hand, global climate changes have made connection of new low carbon technologies (LCT) into the grids increasingly necessary. These factors are contributing to the increasing complexity of the planning and management of power systems. Numerous techniques published on this subject tend to ignore the impact of LCT integration and the anchoring ꞌSmartꞌ solutions on ageing network assets, such as underground cables and transformers. This thesis presents the development procedures of an ageing underground cable reliability model (IEC-Arrhenius-Weibull model) and cable ranking models for replacement based on system wide effects and thermal loss-of-life metrics. In addition, a new concept of LCT integration and distribution network management was proposed using two optimization models. The first optimizes connection of new wind sources by minimizing the connection cost and the cost of cable thermal loss-of-lives in the planning period. In the second stage, the network is optimally reconfigured in such a way to minimize thermal-loss-of-life of ageing cable. Both optimization models are formulated as mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problems applicable to radially operated medium voltage networks. To quantify the reliability benefits of the proposed approach, Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation (SMCS) procedure was formulated. Some of the main features of the SMCS procedure are the IEC-Arrhenius-Weibull model for ageing cable, optimal network reconfiguration, wind generation modelling using ARMA models and real time thermal ratings. The final outputs are reliability metrics, cable ranking lists for replacement, savings due to 'non-spend' cable thermal lives, etc. These studies have proven to be important in formulating an effective strategy for extending the lives of network cables, managing overall network reliability and planning cables replacement in power distribution networks.

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Книги з теми "Aging cables"

Jacobus, Mark J. Aging of cables, connections, and electrical penetration assemblies used in nuclear power plants. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1990.

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IEEE Power Engineering Society. Insulated Conductors Committee. IEEE trial-use guide for accelerated aging tests for medium-voltage extruded electric power cables using water-filled tanks. New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1999.

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Kikō, Genshiryoku Anzen Kiban. The interim report of the project of "assessment of cable aging for nuclear power plants". Tokyo: Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization, Safety Standard Division, 2006.

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Nowlen, S. P. The impact of thermal aging on the flammability of electric cables. Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O. [distributor], 1991.

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J, Jacobus Mark, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Division of Reactor Controls and Human Factors., Science and Engineering Associates, and Sandia National Laboratories, eds. Aging, loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA), and high potential testing of damaged cables. Washington, DC: Division of Reactor Controls and Human Factors, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1994.

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Laboratories, Sandia National, and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering Technology., eds. Aging and loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) Testing of electrical connections. Washington, DC: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1998.

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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering Technology. and Sandia National Laboratories, eds. Aging and loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) testing of electrical connections. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering Technology, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1998.

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Aging and loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) testing of electrical connections. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering Technology, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1998.

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Частини книг з теми "Aging cables"

Afia, Ramy S. A., Ehtasham Mustafa, and Zoltán Ádám Tamus. "Thermal Aging of Photovoltaic Cables Based Cross-Linked Polyolefin (XLPO) Insulation." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 253–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31676-1_24.

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Mustafa, Ehtasham, Ramy S. A. Afia, and Zoltán Ádám Tamus. "Investigation of Complex Permittivity of XLPO Insulated Photovoltaic DC Cables Due to Thermal Aging." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 261–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31676-1_25.

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Rouison, David, Marzieh Riahinezhad, and Anand Anandakumaran. "How Can Material Characterization Support Cable Aging Management?" In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 25–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68454-3_3.

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Rouison, David, Marzieh Riahinezhad, and Anand Anandakumaran. "How Can Material Characterization Support Cable Aging Management?" In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 1241–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04639-2_79.

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Burnay, S. G. "Cable Condition Monitoring Using Indenter Measurements." In Ageing Studies and Lifetime Extension of Materials, 249–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1215-8_27.

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Fifield, Leonard S. "Simultaneous Thermal and Gamma Radiation Aging of Electrical Cable Polymers." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 3–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68454-3_1.

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Fifield, Leonard S. "Simultaneous Thermal and Gamma Radiation Aging of Electrical Cable Polymers." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 1219–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04639-2_77.

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Garcia, J. C., J. P. Crine, R. Gilbert, E. Sacher, and J. C. Portal. "Evaluation of Cable Aging by Water Extraction of Soluble Ions." In Nondestructive Characterization of Materials II, 509–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5338-6_52.

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Burnay, S. G., and J. Dawson. "Reverse Temperature Effect During Radiation Ageing of XLPE Cable Insulation." In Ageing Studies and Lifetime Extension of Materials, 493–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1215-8_54.

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Csányi, Gergely Márk, Zoltán Ádám Tamus, and Árpád Varga. "Impact of Distributed Generation on the Thermal Ageing of Low Voltage Distribution Cables." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 251–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56077-9_24.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Aging cables"

Weischedel, Herbert R., and Hans-Werner Hoehle. "Quantitative nondestructive in-service evaluation of stay cables of cable-stayed bridges: methods and practical experience." In Nondestructive Evaluation of Aging Infrastructure, edited by Steven B. Chase. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.209768.

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Dowding, Charles H., and Charles E. Pierce. "Measurement of water pressure and deformation with time domain reflectometry cables." In Nondestructive Evaluation of Aging Infrastructure, edited by Soheil Nazarian and Larry D. Olson. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.209393.

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Fifield, Leonard S., Robert Duckworth, and Samuel W. Glass. "Long Term Operation Issues for Electrical Cable Systems in Nuclear Power Plants." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60729.

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Nuclear power plants contain hundreds of kilometers of electrical cables including cables used for power, for instrumentation, and for control. It is essential that safety-related cable systems continue to perform following a design-basis event. Wholesale replacement of electrical cables in existing plants facing licensing period renewal may be both impractical and cost-prohibitive. It is therefore important to understand the long term aging of cable materials to have confidence that aged cables will perform when needed. It is equally important in support of cable aging management to develop methods to evaluate the health of installed cables and inform selective cable replacement decisions. The most common insulation materials for electrical cables in nuclear power plants are cross-linked polyethylene and ethylene-propylene rubber. The mechanical properties of these materials degrade over time in the presence of environmental stresses including heat, gamma irradiation, and moisture. Mechanical degradation of cable insulation beyond a certain threshold is unacceptable because it can lead to insulation cracking, exposure of energized conductors, arcing and burning or loss of the ability of the cable system to function during a design-basis accident. While thermal-, radiation-, and moisture-related degradation of polymer insulation materials has been extensively studied over the last few decades, questions remain regarding the long term performance of cable materials in nuclear plant-specific environments. Identified knowledge gaps include an understanding of the temperature-dependence of activation energies for thermal damage and an understanding of the synergistic effects of radiation and thermal stress on polymer degradation. Many of the outstanding questions in the aging behavior of cable materials relate to the necessity of predicting long-term field degradation using accelerated aging results from the laboratory. Materials degrade faster under more extreme conditions, but extension of behavior to long term degradation under more mild conditions, such as those experienced by most installed cables in nuclear power plants, is complicated by the fact that different degradation mechanisms may be involved in extreme and mild scenarios. The discrepancy in predicted results from short term, more extreme exposure and actual results from longer term, more mild exposures can be counter intuitive. For instance, due to the attenuation of oxidation penetration in material samples rapidly aged through exposure to high temperatures, the bulk of the samples may be artificially protected from thermal aging. In another example, simultaneous exposure of cable insulation material to heat and radiation may actually lead to less damage at higher temperatures than may be observed at lower temperatures. The Light Water Reactor Sustainability program of the United States (US) Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy is funding research to increase the predictive understanding of electrical cable material aging and degradation in existing nuclear power plants in support of continued safe operation of plants beyond their initial license periods. This research includes the evaluation and development of methods to assess installed cable condition.

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Lv, Hongkun, Xianggao Zheng, Shaohua Wang, Mingjun Wang, Linqi Xiong, Yuyan Huang, and Zhuo Li. "Real time nondestructive aging sensors for cables." In 2020 21st International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept50128.2020.9202469.

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Grzybowski, S., P. Trnka, and J. C. Fulper. "Aging of High Voltage Cables by Switching Impulse." In 2007 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ests.2007.372080.

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Toman, Gary J., and Paolo F. Fantoni. "Cable Aging Assessment and Condition Monitoring Using Line Resonance Analysis (LIRA)." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48523.

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This paper describes a method for cable system condition monitoring, developed at the IFE Halden Reactor Project, which is based on Frequency Domain Reflectometry. This method resulted in the development of a system called LIRA (LIne Resonance Analysis), which can be used on-line to detect local or global changes in the cable electrical parameters as a consequence of insulation faults or degradation. This paper presents some results achieved in field experiments on signal cables for nuclear installations, in USA and Europe.

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Brauss, Michael E., James A. Pineault, M. Belassel, and Stefan I. Teodoropol. "Nondestructive quantitative stress characterization of wire rope and steel cables." In Non-Destructive Evaluation Techniques for Aging Infrastructure & Manufacturing, edited by Ronald D. Medlock and David C. Laffrey. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.300093.

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Liu, Wei, Robert G. Hunsperger, Kevin Folliard, Michael J. Chajes, Jignesh Barot, Darshan Jhaveri, and Eric Kunz. "Detection and characterization of corrosion of bridge cables by time domain reflectometry." In Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques for Aging Infrastructures & Manufacturing, edited by Steven B. Chase. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.339928.

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Singh, Nirmal. "Condition assessment of cables and transformers in an aging infrastructure (and aging talent base)." In 2011 Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC) (Formerly EIC/EME). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eic.2011.5996104.

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Afia, Ramy S. A., Ehtasham Mustafa, and Zoltan Adam Tamus. "Thermal-Mechanical Accelerated Aging Tests of XLPO Insulation Based Photovoltaic Cables: Inverse Aging Behavior." In 2021 IEEE 4th International Conference and Workshop Óbuda on Electrical and Power Engineering (CANDO-EPE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cando-epe54223.2021.9667894.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Aging cables"

Simmons, Kevin L., Leonard S. Fifield, Matthew P. Westman, and John A. Roberts. New Technologies for Repairing Aging Cables in Nuclear Power Plants: M3LW-14OR0404015 Cable Rejuvenation Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1184303.

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Simmons, Kevin L., Leonard S. Fifield, and Matthew P. Westman. New Technologies for Repairing Aging Cables in Nuclear Power Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1178524.

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Bowler, Nicola, Chien-Ping Chiou, Shuaishuai Liu, Chamila De Silva, Zhihui Shao, Ying Bin Guo, Adam Gjersvik, et al. Advanced Models for Nondestructive Evaluation of Aging Nuclear Power Plant Cables. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1463136.

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Miller, Ernest, Barry White, Richard Haskins, Robert Ebeling, and James Evans. An investigation of corrosion mitigation strategies for aging post-tensioned cables. Information Technology Laboratory (U.S.), February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/21478.

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Carlin, F., M. Attal, and G. Gaussens. Study on long-term irradiation aging of electrical cables (The VEILLE program). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/93880.

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Nelson, C. F., G. Gauthier, and F. Carlin. Long-term aging and loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) testing of electrical cables. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/385579.

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Vigil, R. A., and M. J. Jacobus. Aging, Loss-of-Coolant Accident (LOCA), and high potential testing of damaged cables. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10152475.

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Simmons, Kevin L., Leonard S. Fifield, Matthew P. Westman, Pradeep Ramuhalli, Allan F. Pardini, Jonathan R. Tedeschi, and Anthony M. Jones. Determining Remaining Useful Life of Aging Cables in Nuclear Power Plants ? Interim Study FY13. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1095453.

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Bennett, P. R., S. D. St. Clair, and T. W. Gilmore. Superheated-steam test of ethylene propylene rubber cables using a simultaneous aging and accident environment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5343197.

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Werry, E. V., and S. Somasundaram. Regulatory instrument review: Aging management of LWR cables, containment and basemat, reactor coolant pumps, and motor-operated valves. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/110791.

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