Добірка наукової літератури з теми "After-treatment technology"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "After-treatment technology".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Статті в журналах з теми "After-treatment technology"
1
Pasch, L., S. Gregorich, A. Ouimette, H. Wing, P. Katz, and N. Adler. "Psychological Outcomes for Women After Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatment." Fertility and Sterility 84 (September 2005): S23—S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.055.
Повний текст джерела
2
Twigg, Martyn V. "“Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts”." Johnson Matthey Technology Review 59, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/205651315x688280.
Повний текст джерела
3
Palmer, Rebecca. "Innovations in aphasia treatment after stroke: technology to the rescue." British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 11, Sup2 (April 2015): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjnn.2015.11.sup2.38.
Повний текст джерела
4
SOSTARTURK, S., M. SIMONIC, and I. PETRINIC. "Wastewater treatment after reactive printing." Dyes and Pigments 64, no. 2 (February 2005): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2004.04.001.
Повний текст джерела
5
Thornton, J., R. Elliott, and M. P. Tully. "Assessing clinical outcome after high technology home treatment for cystic fibrosis." International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 10, S1 (September 2002): R17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7174.2002.tb00618.x.
Повний текст джерела
6
Tawackoli, W., and M. A. K. Liebschner. "Robotics technology to characterize changes in 3D joint kinematics after treatment." Journal of Biomechanics 39 (January 2006): S369—S370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(06)84485-4.
Повний текст джерела
7
Seright, Randall S. "Cleanup of Oil Zones After a Gel Treatment." SPE Production & Operations 21, no. 02 (May 1, 2006): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/92772-pa.
Повний текст джерела
8
MURADYaN, Yu V., and S. Yu TEPLYKh. "AFTER TREATMENT DOMESTIC SEWAGE WITH ERSHOVA LOADING." Urban construction and architecture 2, no. 2 (June 15, 2012): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2012.02.11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Widespread now technological scheme and construction technology of wastewater do not provide normative qualitative parameters that correspond to the requirements of the water fish-economical ponds.The limited financing of construction of new sewage is the main method of improving the reconstruction and/or intensification of existing sewage systems.Now for the intensification of the process of purification of biologically treated wastewater purification filter with the proposed design of the load which ershov fully satisfies modern requirements on quality of discharged waste water into a reservoir.
9
Efimenko, Natalia V., Agnessa S. Kaysinova, and Galina A. Merkulova. "Complex spa treatment of patients after removal of the gallbladder (medical technology)*." Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation 18, no. 1 (February 9, 2019): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/1681-3456-2019-18-1-48-54.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Medical technology consists in the complex application of natural (drinking mineral water and mineral baths) and preformed (magnetotherapy to the liver and right hypochondrium) physical factors in the rehabilitation treatment of patients in the early stages after removal of the gallbladder. The technology improves the efficiency of treatment by correcting impaired digestion and energy metabolism in patients with a removed gallbladder in the new anatomical and physiological conditions that have developed after the operation. The technology is intended for physicians of restorative medicine, gastroenterologists, balneologists and physiotherapists of health resorts and other medical institutions.
10
An, Thai Thi Thuy, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Bich, and Nguyen Huy Cuong. "USING AQUATIC PLANTS AS TREATMENT FOR SWINE-BREEDING WASTEWATER AFTER BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY." Journal of Forestry Science and Technology, no. 14 (2022): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.55250/jo.vnuf.2022.14.089-097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The livestock industry is one of the important sectors of agriculture in Vietnam. The swine-breeding farms are mainly spontaneous, the common wastewater is treated by biogas technology. However, the actual operation at the farms, shows that the wastewater treatment by biogas has been high content and still exceeded the standards of national regulation QCVN 62-MT:2016/BTNMT of COD, BOD5, TN, PO43-, leading to affect the environment. An empirical study was carried out to treat swine-breeding wastewater after biogas technology using Sagittaria sagittifolia and Enydra fluctuans. The results showed that the swine-breeding farming wastewater treatment model with Enydra fluctuans has an efficiency of 73.3% of COD content, 89.2% of BOD5, 88.3% of TN, and 89.6% of PO43-. Sagittaria sagittifolia showed a yield of 66.7% of COD content, 78.7% of BOD5, 69.5% of TN, and 85.1% of PO43-. With the same conditions and the same experimental design method, Enydra fluctuans showed better treatment results than Sagittaria sagittifolia. However, wastewater is treated by Sagittaria sagittifolia and Enydra fluctuans meeting the regulations QCVN 62-MT:2016/BTNMT, column B for pH, COD, BOD5, TN, PO43- parameters after 30 days. The treatmen model shows great potential for using aquatic plants to remove pollutants from swine-breeding wastewater. However, further studies should be carried out to evaluate the model's stability and applicability in practice.
Дисертації з теми "After-treatment technology"
1
Tovar, Perez Alexander Tovar. "Morphological evaluation of blastocyst after vitrification depending on treatment modality." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Forskargrupper (Inst. för kvinnor och barns hälsa), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-366058.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Assisted reproductive technology procedures has become a more complex treatment over the years after implementation of preimplantation genetic diagnostics and cryopreservation methods such as slow freeze and vitrification. When embryos undergo these methods they are exposed to external damage that threaten to affect their quality and thereby lead to lower survival rates and lower pregnancy rates. The aim of this study was to document blastocysts quality after vitrification, re-vitrification and preimplantation genetic diagnosis with subsequent vitrification. A total of 126 blastocysts were collected, of which 119 blastocysts were documented with the help of an experienced embryologists and the remaining seven blastocysts were from a new series of re-vitrified embryos. The 126 collected blastocyst were allocated into groups depending on their degree of preimplantation genetic diagnosis and vitrification. The gathered data was scoring according to morphology, expansion and proportion of necrotic cells at 2 and 4 hours of the expansion phase. Fisher exact test was used for statistical evaluation. There were no significant difference when comparing data before and after vitrification and preimplantation diagnosis, which indicates that these methods do not cause morphological damage to the blastocyst.
2
Hesselvik, Louise. "Life after infertility : a grounded theory of moving on from unsuccessful fertility treatment." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/19709.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite the many advances of medical technology to help treat infertility, approximately half of women seeking fertility treatment will never give birth to a child. Women coping with treatment failure face many challenges, including deciding when to abandon treatment and how to let go of their dreams of having a baby to focus on other pursuits. In order to better understand how women cope with these challenges, in depth interviews and a focus group were carried out with 12 women for whom fertility treatment had not been successful. Data was gathered and analysed using Grounded Theory, and a model of the process of adjustment from pursuing treatment to coming to terms with involuntary childlessness was co-constructed from the data. The model conceptualizes women's journey as moving through three main phases; 'living in limbo' in which women are still undergoing treatment, 'leaving treatment' in which women decide to terminate treatment and abandon the search for a resolution to their infertility, and finally 'learning to live with involuntary childlessness' in which women start the 'work' of grappling with the questions that childlessness seems to raise about the meaning of their lives, their identity and self image, and their sense of social belonging. The model goes on to highlight the factors which seem to aid women in resolving these challenges. The findings of this study suggest that the emotional challenges of coping with unsuccessful fertility treatment extend well beyond the end of treatment, highlighting the need for good access to therapeutic support for women coping with involuntary childlessness longer term. Results also point to certain sources and types of support which may be particularly helpful, including peer support from other childless women, and therapeutic interventions which help women develop more positive perspectives on childlessness and to identify alternative sources of fulfillment. The results of this study also point to the need for social action which works to challenge the misconceptions and stigma surrounding infertility and childlessness which add a further challenge to the lives of women who are involuntarily childless.
3
Trigell, Emelie. "CFD-simulations of urea-waterspray in an after-treatment systemusing Star-CCM+." Thesis, KTH, Mekanik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-250015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The legislation has forced the vehicle industry to reduce tail-end emissions. The air pollutant nitrogen oxide (NOX) has been shown to have a negative impact on human health and the environment. One of the key technologies to reduce the levels of NOX emitted from a vehicle is by implementing an after-treatment system. The after-treatment system includes catalysts, a particle filter and an evaporation system. In the evaporation system a liquid jet containing a urea-water solution known as AdBlue is injected into the hot exhaust gases to evaporate into gaseous ammonia NH3 and water H2O. Then NH3 enters the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst where it chemically reacts with NOX to form N2 and H2O. Problems can arise if an excessive amount of AdBlue is injected and a fluid film is formed on evaporation surfaces. At certain operating conditions the fluid film can crystallise and form solid deposits. The solid deposits can cause high back-pressure, material deterioration and ammonia slip. This project is done in collaboration with Scania CV AB. Scania is a world-leading manufacturer of heavy-duty vehicles, busses and engines. Scania works continuously to develop new simulation methods to capture the complex phenomena of AdBlue spray, wall film dynamics and risk of solid deposits, to use in the development process of new components. The aim of this project is to implement and evaluate a new method to predict the risk of crystallisation of urea (AdBlue) using the software Star-CCM+. Two different geometries are studied, a test rig and a Scania silencer. Different operating conditions, parameter settings and a speed-up method are analysed. During the project a base-line model has been created and the results have been compared with measurement results and the software AVL Fire. The results on the test rig show the effect of altering the mesh and important model parameters. Injected particles are grouped into parcels with the same properties. The number of parcels is a crucial factor for the wall film formation and should be sufficiently high to get a statistical representation of the droplet size distribution. The results from the real silencer show strong evaporation and thin wall film formation with the suggested method. The method is shown to be stable and the software is user-friendly. A speed-up method was investigated to decrease the computational time. The computational time was reduced by a factor 20. The outcome of this project is a guide for set-up of AdBlue spray and wall film simulations. Recommendations to future work includes further validation of the settings, investigation of the evaporation rate and droplet size distribution and the application to other cases. The next step is also to tune the critical thresholds for deposit risk assessment.Lagstiftning har tvingat fordonstillverkare att minska avgasutsläppen. Luftföroreningen kväveoxid (NOX) har visat sig ha en negativ inverkan på människors hälsa och på miljön. En viktig teknik för att minska utsläppen av NOX ¨ar att implementera ett efterbehandlingssystem. Efterbehandlingssystemet tar hand om avgaserna genom substrat, filter och ett förångningssystem. I förångningssystemet sprutas en urea-vattenlösning, som kallas AdBlue, in i de heta avgaserna där den förångas till ammoniak NH3 och vatten H2O. Ammoniakgasen leds därefter in till SCR katalysatorn där den kemiskt reagerar med NOX och bildar kvävgas N2 och vattenånga. Problem kan uppstå om fel mängd AdBlue sprutas in, då kan vätska byggas upp på förångsningsytor, kristallisera och bilda avlagringar. Avlagringarna kan bygga upp en solid klump som kan orsaka ett högt mottryck, nedbrytning av material och ammoniakslip. Detta arbete är ett samarbete med Scania CV AB som är en världsledande producent av lastbilar, bussar och motorer. Scania arbetar kontinuerligt med att utveckla nya simuleringsvertyg för att beskriva uppkomsten av Urea avlagringar för att använda i utvecklingen av nya komponenter. Syftet med detta arbete är att implementera och utvärdera en ny metod för att prediktera klump mha simuleringsverktyget Star-CCM+. Två olika geometrier är använd i arbetet: en testrigg och en av Scanias ljuddämpare. Olika driftspunkter, parametrar och en uppsnabbad metod är studerade. Under projektets gång har en modell byggts upp och jämförts med mätningar och simuleringar från programvaran AVL Fire. Resultatet från simuleringarna på testriggen visar effekten av att variera olika parametrar. Partiklarna som sprutas in i systemet är grupperade i paket med liknande egenskaper. Antalet paket påverkar uppbyggnaden av väggfilm och det rekommenderas att denna parameter hålls hög för att statistiskt beskriva droppfördelningen av partiklar. Resultaten på ljuddämparen visar en stark förångning och en tunn väggfilm för samtliga driftspunkter. Den implementerade metoden har visat sig vara stabil och användarvänlig. En uppsnabbad metod har utvärderats för att minska beräkningstiden. Beräkningstiden kunde minskas med en faktor 20. Resultatet av arbetet är en guide för hur metoden implementeras och bör användas. Rekommendationer till framtida arbete är en fortsatt undersökning av parametrar, utvärdering av förångningsmodellen, validering av droppstorleksfördelningen och tillämpningen på andra geometrier. Nästa steg i utvecklingen skulle vara att kalibrera tröskelvärden för prediktering av klump.
4
DOSA, MELODJ. "Nanostructured ceria-based catalysts for automotive application - Formulation of nanostructured systems for diesel and gasoline-type engines." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2903500.
Повний текст джерела
5
SURAM, VENKATA SUBRAMANIYAM ROHIT. "Water blow out phenomena inside a heavy truck silencer." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281763.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
NOx sensors have become salient components in the development of efficient exhaust after treatment system for heavy duty vehicles in the past few years. When the accumulated water inside the silencer splashes on to the NOx sensor, it can cause permanent cracks in the sensor. To protect the sensor from this mode of failure, a dew point strategy is developed at Scania. This is important to predict when it is safe to switch on the NOx sensor without causing any harm to it. But the strategy currently includes only the phase transfer phenomena and neglects the effect of the water blow out phenomena inside the silencer. To investigate the effect of water blow out, an experimental test method is designed and the experiments are conducted at different locations in the silencer. The results from the experiments shows that the effect of water blow out is certainly an important factor to develop a better dew point strategy model. For a selected location, the quantity of water remaining after blow out and the time taken for the blow out phase are collected as data from the experiments. A mathematical model for the water blow out phenomena is developed in MATLAB. The model estimates the maximum amount of water which could be present in all the subvolumes of the silencer considering the effect of water blow out. The model is verified with the experimental data for a Scania CAS1 silencer. Calibration guidelines for the developed blow out model are also documented in this report.NOx sensorer har blivit viktiga komponenter i utvecklingen av ett effektivt avgassystem för tunga fordon under de senaste åren. När det ackumulerade vattnet i ljuddämparen stänker på NOx-sensorn kan det orsaka permanenta sprickor i sensorn. För att skydda sensorn från detta misslyckande utvecklas en daggpunktsstrategi på Scania. Detta är viktigt att förutsäga när det är säkert att slå på NOx-sensorn utan att skada den. Men strategin innehåller för närvarande endast fasöverföringsfenomenen och försummar effekten av att vatten blåser ut fenomen inuti ljuddämparen. För att undersöka effekten av utblåsning av vatten utformas en experimentell testmetod och experimenten utförs på olika platser i ljuddämparen. Resultaten från experimenten visar att effekten av vattenblåsning verkligen är en viktig faktor för att utveckla en bättre daggpunktsstrategimodell. För en vald plats samlas mängden vatten kvar efter utblåsning och den tid det tar för utblåsningsfasen som data från experimenten. En matematisk modell för fenomen för vattenblåsning utvecklas i MATLAB. Modellen uppskattar den maximala mängden vatten som kan finnas i ljuddämparens undervolymer med tanke på effekten av vatten som blåser ut. Modellen verifieras med experimentdata för en Scania CAS1 ljuddämpare. Kalibreringsriktlinjer för den utvecklade utblåsningsmodellen dokumenteras också i denna rapport.
6
Suram, Venkata Subramaniyam Rohit. "Water blow out phenomena inside a heavy truck silencer." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281763.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
NOx sensors have become salient components in the development of efficient exhaust after treatment system for heavy duty vehicles in the past few years. When the accumulated water inside the silencer splashes on to the NOx sensor, it can cause permanent cracks in the sensor. To protect the sensor from this mode of failure, a dew point strategy is developed at Scania. This is important to predict when it is safe to switch on the NOx sensor without causing any harm to it. But the strategy currently includes only the phase transfer phenomena and neglects the effect of the water blow out phenomena inside the silencer. To investigate the effect of water blow out, an experimental test method is designed and the experiments are conducted at different locations in the silencer. The results from the experiments shows that the effect of water blow out is certainly an important factor to develop a better dew point strategy model. For a selected location, the quantity of water remaining after blow out and the time taken for the blow out phase are collected as data from the experiments. A mathematical model for the water blow out phenomena is developed in MATLAB. The model estimates the maximum amount of water which could be present in all the subvolumes of the silencer considering the effect of water blow out. The model is verified with the experimental data for a Scania CAS1 silencer. Calibration guidelines for the developed blow out model are also documented in this report.NOx sensorer har blivit viktiga komponenter i utvecklingen av ett effektivt avgassystem för tunga fordon under de senaste åren. När det ackumulerade vattnet i ljuddämparen stänker på NOx-sensorn kan det orsaka permanenta sprickor i sensorn. För att skydda sensorn från detta misslyckande utvecklas en daggpunktsstrategi på Scania. Detta är viktigt att förutsäga när det är säkert att slå på NOx-sensorn utan att skada den. Men strategin innehåller för närvarande endast fasöverföringsfenomenen och försummar effekten av att vatten blåser ut fenomen inuti ljuddämparen. För att undersöka effekten av utblåsning av vatten utformas en experimentell testmetod och experimenten utförs på olika platser i ljuddämparen. Resultaten från experimenten visar att effekten av vattenblåsning verkligen är en viktig faktor för att utveckla en bättre daggpunktsstrategimodell. För en vald plats samlas mängden vatten kvar efter utblåsning och den tid det tar för utblåsningsfasen som data från experimenten. En matematisk modell för fenomen för vattenblåsning utvecklas i MATLAB. Modellen uppskattar den maximala mängden vatten som kan finnas i ljuddämparens undervolymer med tanke på effekten av vatten som blåser ut. Modellen verifieras med experimentdata för en Scania CAS1 ljuddämpare. Kalibreringsriktlinjer för den utvecklade utblåsningsmodellen dokumenteras också i denna rapport.
7
Reynaud, Adrien. "Compréhension et modélisation des mécanismes de captation des aérosols par couplage des phénomènes aérodynamiques et électriques." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEM029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les particules ultrafines émises par les moteurs thermiques ont un impact grave sur la santé. Depuis la norme Euro 3, la règlementation EOBD impose aux véhicules d’auto-diagnostiquer leurs propres organes de dépollution. Depuis la norme Euro 6b, le nombre de particules émises par les moteurs Diesel et essence est réglementé. Les capteurs résistifs permettent d’estimer le dépassement de seuil en concentration massique d’un aérosol de suie. Les suies se déposent entre les électrodes du capteur, créant des microstructures semblables à des ponts dont la résistance est mesurée.Leur robustesse et leur faible coût de fabrication en font de bons candidats pour le diagnostic embarqué des filtres à particules mais la concentration en nombre de particules n’est pas encore accessible.L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier les mécanismes de captation conduisant à la formation des microstructures de suie. Dans une approche expérimentale, les particules de suie ont été classifiées en fonction de leur taille grâce à deux techniques différentes : la classification électrostatique et la classification aérodynamique. Cela a permis d’étudier le comportement du capteur soumis à des particules entre 60 et 150 nm.Enfin, un modèle de compréhension simule la construction des microstructures de suie. Les trajectoires des particules sont calculées et la modélisation de leur dépôt sur les électrodes est couplée avec le calcul des champs électrique et la dynamique des fluides. Cette méthode s’inspire d’un modèle de la littérature et l’enrichit d’un mécanisme appelé diélectrophorèse, expliquant mieux la formation des microstructures. L’influence de la taille des particules a été étudiée pour expliquer les tendances observées expérimentalementUltrafine soot particle emissions from thermal engines have harmful health effects. Since Euro 3 standard, EOBD regulation obliges vehicules to perform the on-board diagnostic of their own aftertreatment system. Since Euro 6b standard, the particle number (PN) emitted from Diesel and gasoline engines is regulated. Resistive sensors evaluate a particulate matter (PM) of soot threshold exceedance. The nanoparticles are collected between interdigitated electrodes, building bridgelike micro-structures of which. Although their robustness and their low production cost make the resistive soot sensor a good candidate for the Diesel particulate filter diagnosis, the current understanding does not allow to access PN.The objective of this work is to study the deposit mechanisms leading to the soot micro-structures. Particles have been classified according to their diameters in an experimental approach thanks to two different techniques : the electrostaticclassification and the aerodynamic classification. Those methods allow the study the sensor behaviour to monodisperse aerosol between 60 and 150 nm.Finally, a model for understanding the soot micro-structures construction have been developed. Soot particles are tracked until their deposit on the electrodes, which is coupled with the electric and aerodynamic fields computation. This approach is inspired by a model from the literature and is extended by a mechanism called dielectrophoresis, which provides a better understanding of the micro-structures construction. The influence of particle size was studied to explain trends observed experimentally
8
Faria, Pedro Miguel Martins de Lemos da Cunha. "Predicting Breast Healing Deformation After Cancer Conservative Treatment." Master's thesis, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/106938.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde, o cancro da mama é o cancro mais frequente entre indivíduos do sexo feminino. Tendo em conta todos os tratamentos actualmente disponíveis, a cirurgia é aplicada maioritariamente usando duas metodologias: Mastectomia, que resulta na remoção total da mama e não apenas do tumor; e Tratamento Conservativo do Cancro da Mama no qual apenas é removido o tumor e uma porção reduzida do tecido da mama circundante. Como esperado, a aplicação de tratamento invasivos como o caso da cirurgia leva à deformação da mama afectando a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Desta forma, a tecnologia poderá ser utilizada de modo a melhorar a interacção entre os pacientes e médicos clínicos de modo a visualizar as possíveis deformações resultantes e o processo de cicatrização após a cirurgia com o intuito de melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.De modo a atingir o objectivo acima descrito, é necessário obter modelos de treino capazes de descrever deformações anatómicas ao longo do processo de cicatrização da mama após Tratamento Conservativo do Cancro da Mama. Para que se obtenham modelos de treino viáveis é necessário um dataset com vários modelos 3D. Assim sendo, terá de ser gerado um dataset semi-sintético com modelos 3D representando as mamas das pacientes antes e após a cirurgia. Os modelos pré-cirurgicos serão obtidos com base em informação proveniente de ressonâncias magnéticas das pacientes às quais temos acesso. A informação semi-sintética pré-cirurgica terá em conta a informação real e variações das localizações e volume hipotéticos do tumor e da possível densidade da mama. Os modelos pós-cirurgicos serão simulados com base num modelo biomecânico de cicatrizaçãoPosteriormente, através da utilização de técnicas de aprendizagem computacional, poder-se-á então obter uma relação entre os modelos da mama da paciente antes e após a cirurgia.Por último, de modo a validar os modelos de previsão, os modelos simulados serão comparados o modelo pós-cirurgico previsto usando diversas métricas como distâncias Euclidianas e de Hausdorff.According to the annual report from the World Health Organization, breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among females. Considering all the treatments, surgery is being applied mostly using two methodologies: Mastectomy, that results on removing not only tumor, but also the total breast tissue; and Breast Cancer Conservative Treatment (BCCT) where only the tumor is removed with a thin layer of healthy tissue around it. It is clear that performing invasive treatment such as surgery, will lead to impose deformations on the breast, which can influence patients' quality of life (QoL). In this way, technology can be assisted to provide a framework that would improve the way patients interact with physicians. Enhancing this framework with the tools to visualize deformation and the healing process after the surgery can elevate patients' QoL.In order to accomplish the mentioned aim, this thesis focuses on obtaining training models to describe anatomical deformations during the healing process of the breast after BCCT. To achieve reliable training models, a dataset with several 3D breast models is required. Therefore, a semi-synthetic dataset may be generated, containing 3D breast models representing the patients' breasts before and after the surgery. The pre-surgical models are obtained through MRI data of the few patients' data that we have access. The semi-synthetic data of the pre-surgical stage will be generated taking as input these real data and variations of the hypothetic tumor's location and volume and possible breast densities. The pos-surgical data is simulated by a biomechanical wound healing model. Then by using different machine learning approaches, the relation between the patient's breast before and after the surgery can be obtained and the deformation predicted.Finally, concerning the evaluation, simulated healed breasts will be compared with the pos-surgical 3D breast models in the dataset through several metrics including Euclidean and Hausdorff distances.
9
Faria, Pedro Miguel Martins de Lemos da Cunha. "Predicting Breast Healing Deformation After Cancer Conservative Treatment." Dissertação, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/106938.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde, o cancro da mama é o cancro mais frequente entre indivíduos do sexo feminino. Tendo em conta todos os tratamentos actualmente disponíveis, a cirurgia é aplicada maioritariamente usando duas metodologias: Mastectomia, que resulta na remoção total da mama e não apenas do tumor; e Tratamento Conservativo do Cancro da Mama no qual apenas é removido o tumor e uma porção reduzida do tecido da mama circundante. Como esperado, a aplicação de tratamento invasivos como o caso da cirurgia leva à deformação da mama afectando a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Desta forma, a tecnologia poderá ser utilizada de modo a melhorar a interacção entre os pacientes e médicos clínicos de modo a visualizar as possíveis deformações resultantes e o processo de cicatrização após a cirurgia com o intuito de melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.De modo a atingir o objectivo acima descrito, é necessário obter modelos de treino capazes de descrever deformações anatómicas ao longo do processo de cicatrização da mama após Tratamento Conservativo do Cancro da Mama. Para que se obtenham modelos de treino viáveis é necessário um dataset com vários modelos 3D. Assim sendo, terá de ser gerado um dataset semi-sintético com modelos 3D representando as mamas das pacientes antes e após a cirurgia. Os modelos pré-cirurgicos serão obtidos com base em informação proveniente de ressonâncias magnéticas das pacientes às quais temos acesso. A informação semi-sintética pré-cirurgica terá em conta a informação real e variações das localizações e volume hipotéticos do tumor e da possível densidade da mama. Os modelos pós-cirurgicos serão simulados com base num modelo biomecânico de cicatrizaçãoPosteriormente, através da utilização de técnicas de aprendizagem computacional, poder-se-á então obter uma relação entre os modelos da mama da paciente antes e após a cirurgia.Por último, de modo a validar os modelos de previsão, os modelos simulados serão comparados o modelo pós-cirurgico previsto usando diversas métricas como distâncias Euclidianas e de Hausdorff.According to the annual report from the World Health Organization, breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among females. Considering all the treatments, surgery is being applied mostly using two methodologies: Mastectomy, that results on removing not only tumor, but also the total breast tissue; and Breast Cancer Conservative Treatment (BCCT) where only the tumor is removed with a thin layer of healthy tissue around it. It is clear that performing invasive treatment such as surgery, will lead to impose deformations on the breast, which can influence patients' quality of life (QoL). In this way, technology can be assisted to provide a framework that would improve the way patients interact with physicians. Enhancing this framework with the tools to visualize deformation and the healing process after the surgery can elevate patients' QoL.In order to accomplish the mentioned aim, this thesis focuses on obtaining training models to describe anatomical deformations during the healing process of the breast after BCCT. To achieve reliable training models, a dataset with several 3D breast models is required. Therefore, a semi-synthetic dataset may be generated, containing 3D breast models representing the patients' breasts before and after the surgery. The pre-surgical models are obtained through MRI data of the few patients' data that we have access. The semi-synthetic data of the pre-surgical stage will be generated taking as input these real data and variations of the hypothetic tumor's location and volume and possible breast densities. The pos-surgical data is simulated by a biomechanical wound healing model. Then by using different machine learning approaches, the relation between the patient's breast before and after the surgery can be obtained and the deformation predicted.Finally, concerning the evaluation, simulated healed breasts will be compared with the pos-surgical 3D breast models in the dataset through several metrics including Euclidean and Hausdorff distances.
10
Macedo, Beatriz Brites. "Metal based additive manufacturing: Characterization of geometric distortion of powder bed fusion parts after heat treatment." Master's thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/119269.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "After-treatment technology"
1
Nova, Isabella, and Enrico Tronconi, eds. Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8071-7.
Повний текст джерела
2
Nova, Isabella, and Enrico Tronconi. Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts. Springer, 2016.
Знайти повний текст джерела
3
Nova, Isabella, and Enrico Tronconi. Urea-Scr Technology for Denox after Treatment of Diesel Exhausts. Springer, 2014.
Знайти повний текст джерела
4
Nova, Isabella, and Enrico Tronconi. Urea-SCR Technology for DeNOx after Treatment of Diesel Exhausts. Springer London, Limited, 2014.
Знайти повний текст джерела
5
Segal, Jodi B. Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (Vbac) (Evidence Report/Technology Assessment). Dept. of Health and Human Services Ncy for He, 2003.
Знайти повний текст джерела
6
Campbell, John, Joey Huston, and Frank Krauss. QCD at Fixed Order: Technology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199652747.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter is devoted to the technology of fixed-order calculations, in particular, in QCD. After a short summary of methods for the efficient evaluation of tree-level scattering amplitudes for multi-particle production, and their integration in phase space, next-to leading order corrections in QCD are addressed. Techniques for the evaluation of loop amplitudes with modern methods, based on the reduction to master integrals, either analytically or with numerical unitarity cut methods, are discussed in some detail. After identifying the problem of infrared divergences and illuminating their treatment with a toy model, Catani-Seymour subtraction is explicitly introduced and exemplified for two cases, namely inclusive hadron production in electron-positron annihilation and inclusive W boson production in hadron collisions. This chapter concludes with some remarks concerning the rapidly developing field of next-to-next-to leading order calculations.
7
Fye, W. Bruce. Transforming Cardiac Catheters into Treatment Tools. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199982356.003.0016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) transformed the cardiac catheter from a diagnostic tool into a treatment tool. The technology involved a special catheter fitted with a balloon near its tip that could be blown up to expand a narrowed coronary artery segment. For patients with angina, the procedure was an attractive alternative to coronary bypass surgery. Mayo cardiologists were among the first to adopt angioplasty and to call for controlled clinical trials to compare it to bypass surgery. Initially, cardiologists (who already performed coronary angiography) learned to perform PTCA informally. After attending one or more live demonstration courses, many began to perform angioplasty in their local hospitals. The philosophy in many contexts was “see one, do one.” By the mid-1980s, however, more rigorous training expectations were elaborated. Heart specialists who performed PTCA were described as “interventional cardiologists,” a phrase that acknowledged that this catheter-based treatment had immediate effects.
8
Neisius, Andreas, Micheal E. Lipkin, Glenn M. Preminger, and James F. Glenn. Stone fragmentation techniques. Edited by John Reynard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
After its implementation in 1980, shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) became the first-line treatment for more than 80% of patients with urolithiasis. During the last three decades, SWL technology has advanced rapidly in terms of shock wave generation, focusing, patient coupling, and stone localization. Indications for SWL have evolved as well. Although endoscopic treatment techniques continue to improve, SWL continues to be considered first-line therapy for the treatment of many urinary stones. This chapter reviews the fundamental principles of SWL and presents advances in lithotripsy technology such as shock wave generation and focusing, advances in stone localization (imaging), different energy source concepts, and coupling modalities. Our understanding of the pathophysiology and the physics of shock waves can enhance extracorporeal SWL efficacy while limiting complications. Finally, current indications for and contraindications to SWL depending on stone location and in context of the updated AUA/EAU Guidelines are discussed.
9
Salinas-Rodríguez, Sergio G., Juan Arévalo, Juan Manuel Ortiz, Eduard Borràs-Camps, Victor Monsalvo-Garcia, Maria D. Kennedy, and Abraham Esteve-Núñez, eds. Microbial Desalination Cells for Low Energy Drinking Water. IWA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789062120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The world's largest demonstrator of a revolutionary energy system in desalination for drinking water production is in operation. MIDES uses Microbial Desalination Cells (MDC) in a pre-treatment step for reverse osmosis (RO), for simultaneous saline stream desalination and wastewater treatment. MDCs are based on bio-electro-chemical technology, in which biological wastewater treatment can be coupled to the desalination of a saline stream using ion exchange membranes without external energy input. MDCs simultaneously treat wastewater and perform desalination using the energy contained in the wastewater. In fact, an MDC can produce around 1.8 kWh of bioelectricity from the energy contained in 1 m3 of wastewater. Compared to traditional RO, more than 3 kWh/m3 of electrical energy is saved. With this novel technology, two low-quality water streams (saline stream, wastewater) are transformed into two high-quality streams (desalinated water, treated wastewater) suitable for further uses. An exhaustive scaling-up process was carried out in which all MIDES partners worked together on nanostructured electrodes, antifouling membranes, electrochemical reactor design and optimization, life cycle assessment, microbial electrochemistry and physiology expertise, and process engineering and control. The roadmap of the lab-MDC upscaling goes through the assembly of a pre-pilot MDC, towards the development of the demonstrator of the MDC technology (patented). Nominal desalination rate between 4-11 Lm-2h-1 is reached with a current efficiency of 40 %. After the scalability success, two MDC pilot plants were designed and constructed consisting of one stack of 15 MDC pilot units with a 0.4 m2 electrode area per unit. This book presents the information generated throughout the EU funded MIDES project and includes the latest developments related to desalination of sea water and brackish water by applying microbial desalination cells. ISBN: 9781789062113 (Paperback) ISBN: 9781789062120 (eBook)
10
Ferguson, Robert, and Karen Gillock. Memory and Attention Adaptation Training. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197521526.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Memory and Attention Adaptation Training (MAAT) is a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) designed to help cancer survivors self-manage and mitigate the late and long-term effects of cancer and cancer therapy on memory function. Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a set of mild to moderate memory and attention impairments that can have an adverse influence on quality of life. CRCI symptoms tend to present during active treatment, but for some individuals cognitive changes can persist for years. While the exact prevalence of CRCI is unknown, review of the literature estimates that nearly half of all survivors may experience some form of CRCI. Causes of CRCI are multiple and are the subject of continued research. Chemotherapy, genetic vulnerability, neurovascular damage, inflammation, and hormonal/endocrine disruption have all been identified as candidate mechanisms of persistent cognitive change. Given the multiple causal mechanisms, finding a biomedical treatment for CRCI remains elusive. MAAT was developed as a CBT to help cancer survivors make adaptive behavioral and cognitive changes to improve performance in the valued activities that CRCI hinders. MAAT consists of eight visits and has been designed for administration through telehealth technology, improving access to the survivorship care that so many cancer survivors may lack after the time and expense of cancer treatment. Survivors can use this workbook to reinforce their in-session learning and continue to build adaptive coping.
Частини книг з теми "After-treatment technology"
1
Cabibbo, M., F. Bardi, E. Evangelista, S. Spigarelli, M. Talianker, and V. Ezersky. "Eutectic Microstructural Evolution of a Thixoformed AZ91 after Solution Heat Treatment." In Materials for Transportation Technology, 46–51. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527606025.ch9.
Повний текст джерела
2
Chatterjee, Daniel, and Klaus Rusch. "SCR Technology for Off-highway (Large Diesel Engine) Applications." In Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts, 33–61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8071-7_2.
Повний текст джерела
3
Ojdanic, A., E. Schafler, J. Horky, D. Orlov, and M. Zehetbauer. "Strengthening of a Biodegradable Mg–Zn–Ca Alloy ZX50 After Processing by HPT and Heat Treatment." In Magnesium Technology 2018, 277–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72332-7_43.
Повний текст джерела
4
Johnson, Timothy V. "Review of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and Related Technologies for Mobile Applications." In Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts, 3–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8071-7_1.
Повний текст джерела
5
Nova, Isabella, and Enrico Tronconi. "Kinetics of NH3-SCR Reactions Over V2O5–WO3/TiO2 Catalyst." In Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts, 273–310. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8071-7_10.
Повний текст джерела
6
Harold, Michael P., and Pranit Metkar. "Lean NOx Reduction by NH3 on Fe-Exchanged Zeolite and Layered Fe/Cu Zeolite Catalysts: Mechanisms, Kinetics, and Transport Effects." In Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts, 311–56. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8071-7_11.
Повний текст джерела
7
Olsson, Louise. "Kinetic Modeling of Ammonia SCR for Cu-Zeolite Catalysts." In Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts, 357–82. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8071-7_12.
Повний текст джерела
8
Karamitros, Dimitrios, and Grigorios Koltsakis. "SCR Reactor Models for Flow-Through and Wall-Flow Converters." In Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts, 385–424. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8071-7_13.
Повний текст джерела
9
Hsieh, Ming-Feng, and Junmin Wang. "Diesel Engine SCR Systems: Modeling, Measurements, and Control." In Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts, 425–51. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8071-7_14.
Повний текст джерела
10
Floyd, Ryan, Levin Michael, and Zafar Shaikh. "DEF Systems and Aftertreatment Architecture Considerations." In Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts, 455–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8071-7_15.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "After-treatment technology"
1
Zhou, Qihong, Ge Chen, Limin Mao, and Yi Lu. "Exhaust After-Treatment Dosing System with SCR Technology." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Engineering and Computer Science (ICIECS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciecs.2010.5678157.
Повний текст джерела
2
Xiaoguang, Xu, Gao Xiyan, Wang Xiancheng, and Li Chengbin. "After-Treatment for Reduction of Diesel Exhaust Particulate." In Automotive and Transportation Technology Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-3204.
Повний текст джерела
3
Chotchakornpant, Sirarat, Jinusda Tippayamontri, and Prong Kongsubto. "Behavior of Lead Free Solder Joint after Thermal Treatment." In 2007 9th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eptc.2007.4469783.
Повний текст джерела
4
Zhou, Linfeng, Fei Qin, Jinglong Sun, Pei Chen, Huiping Yu, Zhongkang Wang, and Liang Tang. "Fracture strength of silicon wafer after different wafer treatment methods." In 2015 16th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2015.7236718.
Повний текст джерела
5
Harkonen, Matti A., Bosco Rajan, Alok Trigunayat, and Neelam Jagtap. "Optimization of Diesel Oxidation After-Treatment Systems for Indian Market Scenario." In Symposium on International Automotive Technology 2015. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-26-0094.
Повний текст джерела
6
Asari, Naoki, Yo Sasaki, Tetsu Shioiri, Junichi Sato, and Mitsutaka Homma. "Breakdown characteristics of CuCr Electrode after electron beam treatment and current conditioning treatment in vacuum." In 2013 2nd International Conference on Electric Power Equipment - Switching Technology (ICEPE-ST). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icepe-st.2013.6804374.
Повний текст джерела
7
Yun, Yow Kai, and Eu Poh Leng. "Focused Heat Treatment after Bonding for Cu Wire Bond Reliability Improvement." In 2008 10th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eptc.2008.4763554.
Повний текст джерела
8
Nasri, Farah Amirah Mohd, Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab, Saiful Anuar Karsani, and Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin. "Differences of protein profile before and after orthodontic treatment." In THE 2016 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2016 Postgraduate Colloquium. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4966729.
Повний текст джерела
9
Yow Kai Yun and Eu Poh Leng. "Cu wire bond reliability improvement through focused heat treatment after bonding." In 2008 33rd IEEE/CPMT International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Conference (IEMT). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemt.2008.5507838.
Повний текст джерела
10
Krishna, K. Vamshi, Nitin Chauhan, Brijesh P Patel, and Manish Shrivastava. "Chemical Kinetics Modelling of Exhaust After-Treatment System: A One Dimensional Simulation Approach." In Symposium on International Automotive Technology 2019. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-26-0249.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "After-treatment technology"
1
Charatsi, Dimitra, Polyxeni Vanakara, Michail Nikolaou, Aikaterini Evaggelopoulou, Dimitrios Korfias, Foteini Simopoulou, Nikolaos Charalampakis, et al. Vaginal Dilator Use to Promote Sexual Wellbeing After Radiotherapy in Gynaecological Cancer Survivors: A Prospective Observational Study. Science Repository, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.ijcst.2021.03.01.sup.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Since continuing advances in radiotherapy technology broaden the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of gynaecologic malignancies, the use of vaginal dilators has been introduced in order to mitigate the risk of vaginal stenosis. The main aims of this study were to investigate the vaginal dilator use efficacy in the treatment of radiation-induced vaginal stenosis and the vaginal dilator effect on sexual quality of life. Methods: We studied fifty-three patients with endometrial or cervical cancer. The participants were treated with radical or adjuvant external beam radiotherapy and/or brachytherapy. They were routinely examined at four time points post-radiotherapy when also they were asked to fill in a validated sexual function-vaginal changes questionnaire. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The vaginal stenosis grading score was decreased and the size of the vaginal dilator comfortably insertable was gradually increased throughout the year of vaginal dilator use while radiation-induced vaginal and sexual symptoms were improved throughout the year of VD use. All patients with initial grade 3 showed vaginal stenosis of grade 2 after 12 months of vaginal dilator use and 65.8% of the patients with grade 2 initial vaginal stenosis demonstrated final vaginal stenosis grade 1 while 77.8% of the participants with initial 1st size of vaginal dilators reached the 3rd vaginal dilator size after 12 months. Starting time of dilator therapy <= 3 months after the end of radiotherapy was associated with a significant decrease in vaginal stenosis. Additionally, there was an overall upward trend regarding patients’ satisfaction with their sexual life. Conclusion: Endometrial and cervical cancer survivors should be encouraged to use vaginal dilators for the treatment of vaginal stenosis and sexual rehabilitation after radiotherapy.
2
ZHAO, JIE, LIANHUA YE, WEI WANG, YANTAO YANG, ZHENGHAI SHEN, and SUNYIN RAO. Surgical Prognostic Factors of Second Primary Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Review question / Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the effects of different surgical strategies and potential prognostic factors on the prognosis of patients with SPLC through a systematic review and meta-analysis.Prognostic factors included surgical approach, type of SPLC(Synchronous and metachronous),histology,disease-free interval (DFI),tumor size,CT morphology, lymph node metastasis status, smoking status, gender. Condition being studied: With the development of imaging technology and better survival after primary lung cancer, the detection rate of second primary lung cancer (SPLC) has been increasing. At present, the staging and treatment of the second primary lung cancer are still controversial. Although surgery is widely accepted as the main treatment method, there is no unified diagnostic criteria and diagnosis and treatment strategy. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of different surgical strategies and potential prognostic factors on the prognosis of patients with SPLC through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
3
Salazar, Lina, Ana Claudia Palacios, Michael Selvaraj, and Frank Montenegro. Using Satellite Images to Measure Crop Productivity: Long-Term Impact Assessment of a Randomized Technology Adoption Program in the Dominican Republic. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003604.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study combines three rounds of surveys with remote sensing to measure long-term impacts of a randomized irrigation program in the Dominican Republic. Specifically, Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 satellite images are used to measure the causal effects of the program on agricultural productivity, measured through vegetation indices (NDVI and OSAVI). To this end, 377 plots were analyzed (129 treated and 248 controls) for the period from 2011 to 2019. Following a Differencein-Differences (DD) and Event study methodology, the results confirmed that program beneficiaries have higher vegetation indices, and therefore experienced a higher productivity throughout the post-treatment period. Also, there is some evidence of spillover effects to neighboring farmers. Furthermore, the Event Study model shows that productivity impacts are obtained in the third year after the adoption takes place. These findings suggest that adoption of irrigation technologies can be a long and complex process that requires time to generate productivity impacts. In a more general sense, this study reveals the great potential that exists in combining field data with remote sensing information to assess long-term impacts of agricultural programs on agricultural productivity.
4
Pesis, Edna, Elizabeth J. Mitcham, Susan E. Ebeler, and Amnon Lers. Application of Pre-storage Short Anaerobiosis to Alleviate Superficial Scald and Bitter Pit in Granny Smith Apples. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593394.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is increased demand for high quality fruit produced and marketed with reduced chemical inputs to minimize toxic effects on human health and the environment. Granny Smith (GS) apple quality is reduced by two major physiological disorders, superficial scald and bitter pit (BP). These disorders cause great loss to apple growers worldwide. Superficial scald is commonly controlled by chemical treatments, mainly the antioxidant diphenylamine (DPA) and/or the ethylene action inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene (1–MCP). Both chemicals are ineffective in controlling bitter pit incidence. We proposed to investigate the beneficial use of non-chemical, abiotic stress with low O2 (LO2) applied for 10d at 20°C on GS apple fruit. During the project we expanded the treatment to more apple cultivars, Golden Delicious (GD) and Starking Delicious (SD) and another pome fruit, the pear. Apple and pear have similar physiological disorders that develop during cold storage and we examined if the LO2 treatment would also be effective on pear. Application of 0.5% LO2 atmosphere for 10d at 20°C or 500ppb 1-MCP at 20°C prior to cold storage at 0°C, was effective in reducing superficial scald in GS apple. Moreover, LO2 pretreatment was also effective in reducing bitter pit (BP) development in California GS and Israeli GD and SD apples The BP symptoms in GS from California were much more prominent, so the effect of LO2 was more dramatic than the effect on the Israeli cvs. GD and SD, nevertheless the LO2 treatment showed the same trend in all cultivars in reducing BP. The LO2 and 1-MCP -treated fruit exhibited lower levels of ethylene, - farnesene and its oxidation product, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (MHO), as determined by SPME/GC-MS analysis. In addition, LO2 pretreatment applied to California Bartlett or Israeli Spadona pears was effective in reducing superficial scald, senescent scald and internal breakdown after 4 m of cold storage at 0°C. For GS apple, low-temperature storage resulted in oxidative stress and chilling injury, caused by increased production of superoxide anions which in turn led to the generation of other dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using confocal laser-scanning microscopy and H2O2 measurements of apple peel, we observed ROS accumulation in control fruit, while negligible amounts were found in LO2 and 1-MCP treated fruit. Gene-expression levels of ROS-scavenging enzymes were induced by the various pretreatments: catalase was induced by LO2 treatment, whereas Mn superoxide dismutase was induced by 1-MCP treatment. We assume that LO2 and 1-MCP pretreated fruit remained healthier due to reduced production of ethylene and reactive oxygen substances, such as MHO, during cold storage. The LO2-treated apple exhibited greener peel and firmer fruit after 6 m of cold storage, and the fruit had high crispiness leading to high taste preference. In both pear cultivars, the LO2 treatment led to a reduction in internal breakdown and browning around the seed cavity. We tested the LO2 pre-storage treatment on a semi-commercial scale that would be applicable to a small organic grower by sealing the fruit within the plastic field bins. The treatment was most effective with a continuous flow of nitrogen through the bins; however, a single 6 hour flush of nitrogen was also fairly effective. In addition, we determined that it was very important to have the oxygen levels below 0.5% for approximately 10 days to achieve good scald control, not counting the time required to reduce the oxygen concentration. Our LO2 technology has been proven in this project to be effective in reducing several physiological disorders developed in pome fruit during cold storage. We hope that our non-chemical treatment which is friendly to the environment will be used in the near future for the organic apple and pear industry. The next step should be an analysis of the cost-benefits and commercial feasibility.
5
Lichter, Amnon, Joseph L. Smilanick, Dennis A. Margosan, and Susan Lurie. Ethanol for postharvest decay control of table grapes: application and mode of action. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7587217.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Original objectives: Dipping of table grapes in ethanol was determined to be an effective measure to control postharvest gray mold infection caused by Botrytis cinerea. Our objectives were to study the effects of ethanol on B.cinerea and table grapes and to conduct research that will facilitate the implementation of this treatment. Background: Botrytis cinerea is known as the major pathogen of table grapes in cold storage. To date, the only commercial technology to control it relied on sulfur dioxide (SO₂) implemented by either fumigation of storage facilities or from slow release generator pads which are positioned directly over the fruits. This treatment is very effective but it has several drawbacks such as aftertaste, bleaching and hypersensitivity to humans which took it out of the GRAS list of compounds and warranted further seek for alternatives. Prior to this research ethanol was shown to control several pathogens in different commodities including table grapes and B. cinerea. Hence it seemed to be a simple and promising technology which could offer a true alternative for storage of table grapes. Further research was however required to answer some practical and theoretical questions which remained unanswered. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: In this research project we have shown convincingly that 30% ethanol is sufficient to prevent germination of B. cinerea and kill the spores. In a comparative study it was shown that Alternaria alternata is also rather sensitive but Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger are less sensitive to ethanol. Consequently, ethanol protected the grapes from decay but did not have a significant effect on occurrence of mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species which are present on the surface of the berry. B. cinerea responded to ethanol or heat treatments by inducing sporulation and transient expression of the heat shock protein HSP104. Similar responses were not detected in grape berries. It was also shown that application of ethanol to berries did not induce subsequent resistance and actually the berries were slightly more susceptible to infection. The heat dose required to kill the spores was determined and it was proven that a combination of heat and ethanol allowed reduction of both the ethanol and heat dose. Ethanol and heat did not reduce the amount or appearance of the wax layers which are an essential component of the external protection of the berry. The ethanol and acetaldehyde content increased after treatment and during storage but the content was much lower than the natural ethanol content in other fruits. The efficacy of ethanol applied before harvest was similar to that of the biological control agent, Metschnikowia fructicola, Finally, the performance of ethanol could be improved synergistically by packaging the bunches in modified atmosphere films which prevent the accumulation of free water. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: It was shown that the major mode of action of ethanol is mediated by its lethal effect on fungal inoculum. Because ethanol acts mainly on the cell membranes, it was possible to enhance its effect by lowering the concentration and elevating the temperature of the treatment. Another important development was the continuous protection of the treated bunches by modified atmosphere that can solve the problem of secondary or internal infection. From the practical standpoint, a variety of means were offered to enhance the effect of the treatment and to offer a viable alternative to SO2 which could be instantly adopted by the industry with a special benefit to growers of organic grapes.
6
Totten, Annette, Dana M. Womack, Marian S. McDonagh, Cynthia Davis-O’Reilly, Jessica C. Griffin, Ian Blazina, Sara Grusing, and Nancy Elder. Improving Rural Health Through Telehealth-Guided Provider-to-Provider Communication. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer254.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives. To assess the use, effectiveness, and implementation of telehealth-supported provider-to-provider communication and collaboration for the provision of healthcare services to rural populations and to inform a scientific workshop convened by the National Institutes of Health Office of Disease Prevention on October 12–14, 2021. Data sources. We conducted a comprehensive literature search of Ovid MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, Embase®, and Cochrane CENTRAL. We searched for articles published from January 1, 2015, to October 12, 2021, to identify data on use of rural provider-to-provider telehealth (Key Question 1) and the same databases for articles published January 1, 2010, to October 12, 2021, for studies of effectiveness and implementation (Key Questions 2 and 3) and to identify methodological weaknesses in the research (Key Question 4). Additional sources were identified through reference lists, stakeholder suggestions, and responses to a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Our methods followed the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Methods Guide (available at https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/topics/cer-methods-guide/overview) and the PRISMA reporting guidelines. We used predefined criteria and dual review of abstracts and full-text articles to identify research results on (1) regional or national use, (2) effectiveness, (3) barriers and facilitators to implementation, and (4) methodological weakness in studies of provider-to-provider telehealth for rural populations. We assessed the risk of bias of the effectiveness studies using criteria specific to the different study designs and evaluated strength of evidence (SOE) for studies of similar telehealth interventions with similar outcomes. We categorized barriers and facilitators to implementation using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and summarized methodological weaknesses of studies. Results. We included 166 studies reported in 179 publications. Studies on the degree of uptake of provider-to-provider telehealth were limited to specific clinical uses (pharmacy, psychiatry, emergency care, and stroke management) in seven studies using national or regional surveys and claims data. They reported variability across States and regions, but increasing uptake over time. Ninety-seven studies (20 trials and 77 observational studies) evaluated the effectiveness of provider-to-provider telehealth in rural settings, finding that there may be similar rates of transfers and lengths of stay with telehealth for inpatient consultations; similar mortality rates for remote intensive care unit care; similar clinical outcomes and transfer rates for neonates; improvements in medication adherence and treatment response in outpatient care for depression; improvements in some clinical monitoring measures for diabetes with endocrinology or pharmacy outpatient consultations; similar mortality or time to treatment when used to support emergency assessment and management of stroke, heart attack, or chest pain at rural hospitals; and similar rates of appropriate versus inappropriate transfers of critical care and trauma patients with specialist telehealth consultations for rural emergency departments (SOE: low). Studies of telehealth for education and mentoring of rural healthcare providers may result in intended changes in provider behavior and increases in provider knowledge, confidence, and self-efficacy (SOE: low). Patient outcomes were not frequently reported for telehealth provider education, but two studies reported improvement (SOE: low). Evidence for telehealth interventions for other clinical uses and outcomes was insufficient. We identified 67 program evaluations and qualitative studies that identified barriers and facilitators to rural provider-to-provider telehealth. Success was linked to well-functioning technology; sufficient resources, including time, staff, leadership, and equipment; and adequate payment or reimbursement. Some considerations may be unique to implementation of provider-to-provider telehealth in rural areas. These include the need for consultants to better understand the rural context; regional initiatives that pool resources among rural organizations that may not be able to support telehealth individually; and programs that can support care for infrequent as well as frequent clinical situations in rural practices. An assessment of methodological weaknesses found that studies were limited by less rigorous study designs, small sample sizes, and lack of analyses that address risks for bias. A key weakness was that studies did not assess or attempt to adjust for the risk that temporal changes may impact the results in studies that compared outcomes before and after telehealth implementation. Conclusions. While the evidence base is limited, what is available suggests that telehealth supporting provider-to-provider communications and collaboration may be beneficial. Telehealth studies report better patient outcomes in some clinical scenarios (e.g., outpatient care for depression or diabetes, education/mentoring) where telehealth interventions increase access to expertise and high-quality care. In other applications (e.g., inpatient care, emergency care), telehealth results in patient outcomes that are similar to usual care, which may be interpreted as a benefit when the purpose of telehealth is to make equivalent services available locally to rural residents. Most barriers to implementation are common to practice change efforts. Methodological weaknesses stem from weaker study designs, such as before-after studies, and small numbers of participants. The rapid increase in the use of telehealth in response to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is likely to produce more data and offer opportunities for more rigorous studies.
7
Shpigel, Nahum Y., Ynte Schukken, and Ilan Rosenshine. Identification of genes involved in virulence of Escherichia coli mastitis by signature tagged mutagenesis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699853.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mastitis, an inflammatory response of the mammary tissue to invading pathogenic bacteria, is the largest health problem in the dairy industry and is responsible for multibillion dollar economic losses. E. coli are a leading cause of acute mastitis in dairy animals worldwide and certainly in Israel and North America. The species E. coli comprises a highly heterogeneous group of pathogens, some of which are commensal residents of the gut, infecting the mammary gland after contamination of the teat skin from the environment. As compared to other gut microflora, mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) may have undergone evolutionary adaptations that improve their fitness for colonization of the unique and varied environmental niches found within the mammary gland. These niches include competing microbes already present or accompanying the new colonizer, soluble and cellular antimicrobials in milk, and the innate immune response elicited by mammary cells and recruited immune cells. However, to date, no specific virulence factors have been identified in E. coli isolates associated with mastitis. The original overall research objective of this application was to develop a genome-wide, transposon-tagged mutant collection of MPEC strain P4 and to use this technology to identify E. coli genes that are specifically involved in mammary virulence and pathogenicity. In the course of the project we decided to take an alternative genome-wide approach and to use whole genomes bioinformatics analysis. Using genome sequencing and analysis of six MPEC strains, our studies have shown that type VI secretion system (T6SS) gene clusters were present in all these strains. Furthermore, using unbiased screening of MPEC strains for reduced colonization, fitness and virulence in the murine mastitis model, we have identified in MPEC P4-NR a new pathogenicity island (PAI-1) encoding the core components of T6SS and its hallmark effectors Hcp, VgrG and Rhs. Next, we have shown that specific deletions of T6SS genes reduced colonization, fitness and virulence in lactating mouse mammary glands. Our long-term goal is to understand the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions in the mammary gland and to relate these mechanisms to disease processes and pathogenesis. We have been able to achieve our research objectives to identify E. coli genes that are specifically involved in mammary virulence and pathogenicity. The project elucidated a new basic concept in host pathogen interaction of MPEC, which for the best of our knowledge was never described or investigated before. This research will help us to shed new light on principles behind the infection strategy of MPEC. The new targets now enable prevalence and epidemiology studies of T6SS in field strains of MPEC which might unveil new geographic, management and ecological risk factors. These will contribute to development of new approaches to treat and prevent mastitis by MPEC and perhaps other mammary pathogens. The use of antibiotics in farm animals and specifically to treat mastitis is gradually precluded and thus new treatment and prevention strategies are needed. Effective mastitis vaccines are currently not available, structural components and effectors of T6SS might be new targets for the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics.
8
Voices of vulnerable and underserved adolescents in Guatemala: A summary of the qualitative study 'Understanding the lives of indigenous young people in Guatemala'. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy19.1011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Governments in developing countries recognize the need for appropriate technology for the treatment of emergencies from incomplete abortion or miscarriage. Numerous studies have investigated the appropriateness of an integrated model of postabortion care (PAC) that includes three essential elements: emergency treatment for spontaneous or induced abortion; counseling and family planning services; and links to other reproductive health services. Many integrated PAC services include replacement of the conventional clinical treatment, sharp curettage (SC), with manual vacuum aspiration (MVA). In 1997 and 1999 the Population Council supported intervention studies in Mexico and Bolivia, respectively, to assess PAC programs in terms of safety, effectiveness, quality of care, cost, and subsequent contraceptive use by clients. Both interventions introduced integrated PAC services and compared the outcomes of MVA and SC use in large public hospitals. To assess changes in service quality and costs, researchers analyzed clinical records and interviewed clients and providers before and after the interventions. As noted in this summary, SC and MVA are equally safe and effective and can be provided on an outpatient basis. Integrating clinical treatment with family planning counseling and services increased clients’ knowledge and contraceptive use.
9
Bolivia and Mexico: System-wide planning is needed for decentralized postabortion care. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1000.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Governments in developing countries recognize the need for appropriate technology for the treatment of emergencies from incomplete abortion or miscarriage. Numerous studies have investigated the appropriateness of an integrated model of postabortion care (PAC) that includes three essential elements: emergency treatment for spontaneous or induced abortion; counseling and family planning services; and links to other reproductive health services. Many integrated PAC services include replacement of the conventional clinical treatment, sharp curettage (SC), with manual vacuum aspiration (MVA). In 1997 and 1999 the Population Council supported intervention studies in Mexico and Bolivia, respectively, to assess PAC programs in terms of safety, effectiveness, quality of care, cost, and subsequent contraceptive use by clients. Both interventions introduced integrated PAC services and compared the outcomes of MVA and SC use in large public hospitals. To assess changes in service quality and costs, researchers analyzed clinical records and interviewed clients and providers before and after the interventions. As noted in this summary, SC and MVA are equally safe and effective and can be provided on an outpatient basis. Integrating clinical treatment with family planning counseling and services increased clients’ knowledge and contraceptive use.