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Статті в журналах з теми "African development cooperation"
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Mensah, Chaldeans. "China and Japan in Africa: Globalization and New Norms of Development Assistance and Cooperation." Brazilian Journal of International Relations 4, no. 2 (August 20, 2015): 157–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2015.v4n2.03.p157.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Globalization has shifted the fortunes of states and established new patterns of political and economic interchange, with attendant challenges to traditional norms of development assistance and cooperation. Two Asian economic winners in the globalization game – Japan and China – are contributing novel paths of dealing with Africa that challenge traditional approaches to development assistance. This is positioning both states to contribute to our understanding of ways to address the development challenges of the continent that shifts from past preoccupations with humanitarianism to development cooperation that is modeled on partnership, African ownership and mutual benefit. This new focus also accords greater input to African leaders in determining their own development requirements, while extending Sino-Japanese rivalry to the African development cooperation space. Both countries have established inter-governmental linkages with Africa through special conference diplomacy with African leaders to discuss the process and content of cooperation – Japan’s Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD), and China’s Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). This paper offers a comparative analysis of China and Japan’s approaches to development assistance and cooperation in Africa, and assesses how their systematic engagement with the continent is challenging the old patterns of development assistance, and highlighting the continent’s slow rise from the margins of globalization.Keywords: Go Globalism, China’s Africa policy, Post Reactive State, OECD/DAC, South-South Cooperation, Japan’s Africa Policy, TICAD, FOCAC, Norms. Resumo:Com o processo de globalização, vimos uma mudança nas fortunas dos estados e o estabelecimento de novos padrões de intercâmbio nos campos políticos e econômicos, que são acompanhados por desafios as perspectivas tradicionais sobre assistência e cooperação para o desenvolvimento. O Japão e a China, dois ganhadores asiáticos no jogo da globalização, estão apontando novos caminhos nas maneiras de se relacionar com a África que desafiam as abordagens tradicionais a assistência para o desenvolvimento. Isso posiciona ambos Estados para contribuírem com o entendimento de opções para enfrentar os desafios de desenvolvimento do continente que se desloca das antigas preocupações com o humanitarismo para o desenvolvimento cooperativo moldado pelo conceito de parceria, propriedade africana, e benefícios mútuos. Esse novo foco pretende oferecer uma abertura para uma contribuição mais ampla da liderança africana na definição dos próprios interesses para o desenvolvimento, quanto no processo, estendendo-se a rivalidade entre os japoneses e os chineses no espaço do desenvolvimento cooperativo na África. Ambos os países têm estabelecidos ligações intergovernamentais com os países africanos por meio da diplomacia nos congressos especiais com os líderes africanos para discutir o processo e conteúdo da cooperação. No Japão, o Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD) e na China, o Forum on China-African Cooperation (FOCAC). Consideramos as políticas e os perspectivos desses dois países – os chineses de “Go Globalism” e os japoneses do estado pós-reativo – sobre a maneira de ajudar e colaborar com o desenvolvimento na África. Tratamos especificamente de verificar se esses investimentos sistematizados apoiam a autonomia africana em comparação aos padrões antigos do desenvolvimento. A questão chave é se os dois atores se desviam das normas existentes da cooperação no desenvolvimento de maneira significativa. Concluímos que até agora não há informação suficiente para determinar que a presença desses dois estados na África deve ser tratada como uma mudança paradigmática das práticas normativas na cooperação no desenvolvimento desse continente.Palavras-chave: Go Globalism, Política chinesa para África, Estado pós-reativo, OECD/DAC, Cooperação Sul-Sul, Política japonesa para África, TICAD, FOCAC, normas. DOI: 10.20424/2237-7743/bjir.v4n2p157-197
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Armel, Kaze. "Trilateral Cooperation." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 06, no. 03 (January 2020): 311–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740020500189.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the years, China has forged and mastered its own distinctive foreign aid practices as an emerging aid donor. China’s approach to foreign assistance has become highly appreciated as the country’s stature as a provider of economic assistance has matured. In 2013, under President Xi Jinping, Beijing introduced the Belt and Road Initiative, which has become a leading component of China’s foreign policy and triggered a new round of policy reform in its foreign aid agenda. In Africa, China’s foreign assistance has kept in line with the policy of equal treatment. It has shared its development experience, helped many African countries to transition from “poor” to “developing”, from “aid recipients” to “wealth creators,” and many African countries are thus turning their interests from the West to the East. Certainly, the European Union as a traditional aid donor, remains the largest aid distributor in the world, especially in Africa. In other words, the EU’s foreign assistance has become an indispensable source of funding for many African countries. However, foreign aid effectiveness remains low on the African continent because of the absence of native African policymakers in aid programs designed and implemented by Beijing and Brussels. Some critics argue that Chinese and European assistance to Africa is not bringing about the best results as expected. This article argues that a new international architecture of foreign assistance through trilateral cooperation is needed to increase Chinese and European aid effectiveness in Africa. Trilateral cooperation will not only increase foreign assistance efficiency in Africa, but also give a chance to African countries to strengthen their own development capacity through assistance and guidance, reduce Africa’s aid dependence, and hopefully guarantee a smooth “graduation” of African countries from official development assistance.
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Zabella, Anastasiia A. "Africans in China and its influence for China-Africa relations". RUDN Journal of World History 11, № 1 (15 грудня 2019): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2019-11-1-65-75.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent years, steadily growing China’s influence on Africa. Africa is often called “China’s second continent”, which is associated with an enhanced Chinese presence on the African continent. However, the question of the presence of Africans in China and the influence on the development of Chinese-African relations, which will be the subject of this article, remains little studied. This topic is of particular interest because of the initiative of the PRC President Xi Jinping to create the Center for Innovative Cooperation between China and Africa to promote innovation among youth and entrepreneurship, voiced during the China-Africa Cooperation Forum (FOCAC) held in Beijing in early September 2018. In this article, the author will highlight the important historical events of the development of the Chinese-African dialogue, consider the main cities with a high percentage of the African population, identify the reasons for the presence of Africans in China and the impact on the development of cooperation between the parties.
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Zhou, Jinyan. "China-UK Cooperation on African Peace and Security." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 06, no. 01 (January 2020): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740020500049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Three major factors have made closer China-UK cooperation on African peace and security not only desirable but also feasible: expanding convergence of outlook and overlap of interests, the pan-African vision of peace and development as outlined in Agenda 2063, and the launch of a global comprehensive strategic partnership between Beijing and London. At the same time, the increasing securitization of Britain’s aid policy, Africans’ growing concern about unwarranted external intervention in continental affairs, and disparate development priorities may present significant challenges for closer trilateral coordination. The prospects of China-UK cooperation on African peace and security depend on whether Beijing and London can narrow differences, achieve policy alignment, and build a multilayered security cooperation mechanism. This article proposes three priorities where closer three-way coordination can contribute to African peace and security: a regularized China-UK-Africa peace dialogue, a development-centered approach to conflict prevention and response, and increased cooperation on nontraditional security risks.
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Volkov, S. "A New Epoch in the Development of Russian-African Cooperation." World Economy and International Relations 64, no. 12 (2020): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2020-64-12-113-122.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article contains an analysis of the current state of trade and economic relations between Russia and African countries, as well as the prospects for their development after the first Russia-Africa Summit and the Economic Forum in Sochi in October 2019. The author notes a large surplus in Russia’s trade with Africa and explains the reasons for the dominance of the countries of North Africa, and especially Egypt, in its geographical structure. The main product groups are listed, through which Russia can increase exports to Africa; Russia’s main competitors in trade with the continent as well as state support measures for exporters are described. However, the main contribution to the development of Russian-African economic ties in the future will be made not by foreign trade, but by economic cooperation. Its flagships are now three major projects worth more than $1 billion each, all of which are carried out in Egypt. Among Russian companies investing in the economies of African countries, mining ones are currently dominant. Of these, Rosneft made the biggest investments. This company develops the largest gas field in Egypt – Zohr, and implements projects also in Mozambique. Exploration, finance and the IT technology sector are also of particular interest to Russian companies in Africa. The author indicates the most promising areas for the development of Russian- African industrial cooperation and the transfer of Russian technologies to this continent. In addition, in recent years, Russia and African countries have increasingly regarded security as an important area of bilateral relations. The article reveals the main threats to the security of African countries, the ability of Russian companies to strengthen it and Russia’s contribution to UN peacekeeping operations in Africa, in comparison with contributions of the other permanent members of the Security Council. It describes a number of measures that can contribute to the development of Russian-African partnership in the context of the Sochi consensus.
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Liu, Philip H. P. "Finding the Baoding Villages: Reviewing Chinese Conceptualisation of Sino-African Agricultural Cooperation." Africa Spectrum 53, no. 2 (August 2018): 91–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971805300205.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Scholars usually examine African images of the Chinese to understand African responses to Chinese economic expansion, yet they rarely observe that a constructed image of Africa has been built up in China. That image is intrinsically racist and promotes the idea that Chinese investment can somehow “rescue” Africans from their “laziness.” This paper analyses the enduring legend of the Baoding villages, constructed to persuade the Chinese public that Chinese farmers could easily make their fortunes and win respect in Africa. A review of the history of Sino–African agricultural cooperation reveals that this fabricated narrative was convincing because it reinforced Chinese perceptions of African inferiority and reproduced existing ideologies of foreign aid and propaganda concerning policy effectiveness.
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Houndjahoue, Michel, Julius Emeka Okolo, and Stephen Wright. "West African Regional Cooperation and Development." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 26, no. 2 (1992): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485884.
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Dunn, D. Elwood, Julius Emeka Okolo, and Stephen Wright. "West African Regional Cooperation and Development." African Studies Review 34, no. 3 (December 1991): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524145.
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Weeks, John. "Regional cooperation and Southern African development." Journal of Southern African Studies 22, no. 1 (March 1996): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057079608708480.
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Enaifoghe, Andrew O., and Toyin C. Adetiba. "South African Economic Development in SADC Sub-Regional Integration." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1(J) (March 15, 2018): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1(j).2097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Following the end of colonialism in the Southern African sub-region, the SADC has experienced a thorough rearrangement with South Africa as the front-runner as opposed to her pre-1994 stance on integration. African regional cooperation has nevertheless been revitalised in some ways as a result of the two major events which started in the beginning of the 1990s that include the abolition of the apartheid regime in South Africa, and the eventual stabilisation of both political and economic relationships in the Southern Africa sub-region. This study employs the use of content analyses to assess the position of South Africa investments in SADC. Through the use ofregional integration, the studyfurther examined various South Africa’s Key Economy Performance since 1994 which are the main contributing factors to South African economic growth; furthermore it looks at her material, commodity and political investment in the subregional integration process to determine if it serves as the strategy for National Economic Development for South Africa.The paper find out thatregardless of South Africa’s economic clout within the SADC region, its Foreign Direct Investment is predominantly from its investment and market penetration of Southern Africa region while maintaining constant economic growth.
Дисертації з теми "African development cooperation"
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Botha, Jacobus Lodewicus. "The New Partnership for Africa's Development : African economic growth and regional cooperation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53661.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ever since the 1960's independence move, the African continent has been faced with dire economic and social realities, which were compounded by weak political leadership and state institutions. Although various socio-economic development initiatives, such as the 1980 Lagos Plan of Action and the eventual signing of the Abuja Treaty in 1991 purposed to support Africa's integration into the global economy through export orientated production and regional economic integration, there still existed an incoherency in the strategic response from the continent's political leaders towards regional and continental economic development strategies. While the foundation for establishing an African Economic Community has been laid through the Abuja Treaty within the framework of the Organisation for African Unity, regional economic and trade integration have been fragmented, with many dual and overlapping membership of regional economic communities. Integration endeavours have also often been impeded by national and sub-regional armed conflicts, and thus did not result in the desired levels of economic growth and expected increases in trade. The exigency to address Africa's severe poverty and unemployment, while at the same time placing the continent on a path of sustainable economic growth and development, made it clear that Africa had to take ownership and responsibility for its own development, while at the same time facilitating the continent's integration into the global political, economic, trade, and financial systems. Since Africa lacks sufficient development resources, African leaders realised the importance for support from the international community through more effective debt relief strategies in facilitating targeted domestic resource mobilisation, increased levels of development aid and trade access to developed nations' markets. In 2001 Africa produced its own integrated development initiative that was embodied in the New Partnership for Africa's Development, also known as NEPAD, premised on African leadership, ownership and partnership. Through NEPAD African leaders express a commitment to accountable and transparent political, financial, fiscal and monetary management in the absence of national and regional conflict, while calling on the international community and African and international private sectors to partnership with African governments in their development endeavours. At the same time, NEPAD identified critical sectoral priorities as preconditions for development that would facilitate greater flows of foreign direct investments. As operational sphere, NEPAD relies on prominent regional economic communities to address Africa's economic disadvantages and market fragmentation through development of trade linkages, harmonisation of regulatory frameworks and further regional trade liberalisation. The emphasis is on fostering a favourable African investment environment since it is acknowledged by African leaders that a prosperous private sector and business community are to be the engines of economic growth and development. The success of NEPAD as the socio-economic development plan of the newly formed African Union relies on the strength of only three supportive pillars namely: the sustained political visionary commitment from Africa's leaders, greater investments to the continent and trade access for Africa's products, and active participation from representative sectors of the private sector. Since NEPAD is a highly ambitious initiative, it is imperative that sub-regional strategies take precedence in ensuring NEPAD's long-term success.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert die onafhanklikheidsbeweging van die 1960's staar die Afrika-kontinent knellende ekonomiese en sosiale realiteite in die gesig. Realiteite wat deur swak politieke leierskap en staatsinstellings vererger is. Alhoewel verskeie sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe, soos die 1980 Lagos Plan van Aksie en die uiteindelike ondertekening van die Abuja-verdrag in 1991, beoog het om Afrika se integrasie in die wêreldekonomie te steun deur uitvoer-georiënteerde produksie en ekonomiese integrasie op streeksvlak, was die kontinent se politieke leiers se reaksie op regionale en kontinentale ekonomiese ontwikkelingstrategië inkoherent. Die fondasie vir die tot stand koming van 'n Afrika Ekonomiese Gemeenskap is deur die Abujaverdrag gelê binne die raamwerk van die Organisasie vir Afrika-eenheid, maar op streeksvlak was ekonomiese en handelsintegrasie gefragmenteerd - met 'n hoë voorkoms van dubbele en oorvleuelende lidmaatskap by regionale ekonomiese gemeenskappe. Pogings tot integrasie is ook dikwels deur gewapende konflikte, nasionaal en subregionaal, belemmer. Voorts het die gewenste vlakke van ekonomiese groei en verwagte toename in handel nie gerealiseer nie. Die dringendheid om Afrika se uiterste armoede en werkloosheid aan te spreek, en terselfdertyd die kontinent op 'n pad van volhoubare ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling te plaas, het dit duidelik gemaak dat Afrika self verantwoordelikheid sal moet neem vir sy ontwikkeling, en daarteenoor die kontinent se integrasie in globale politieke, ekonomiese, handel-, en finansiële sisteme moet fasiliteer. Aangesien Afrika nie oor voldoende ontwikkelingsbronne beskik nie, het Afrika-leiers die belangrikheid besef van die internasionale gemeenskap se steun, d.m.v. meer effektiewe skuldlenigingstrategieë in die fasilitering van gefokuste plaaslike hulpbronmobilisasie, verhoogde vlakke van ontwikkelingshulp en handelstoegang tot markte van ontwikkelde nasies. In 2001 lewer Afrika sy eie geïntegreerde ontwikkelingsinisiatief wat vergestalt word in die Nuwe Vennootskap vir Afrika se Ontwikkeling (New Partnership for Africa's Development), ook bekend as Nepad, met Afrika-leierskap, -eienaarskap en -vennootskap as basis. Afrika-leiers betuig deur Nepad 'n verbintenis tot verantwoordbare en deursigtige politieke, finansiële, fiskale en monetêre bestuur in die afwesigheid van nasionale en streekskonflik, terwyl hulle die internasionale gemeenskap en internasionale en Afrika-privaatsektore nader vir vennootskap met Afrika-regerings in hulle ontwikkelingspogings. Nepad identifiseer terselfdertyd kritieke sektorale prioriteite as voorwaardes vir ontwikkeling, wat groter vloei van direkte buitelandse belegging sal vergemaklik. As operasionele sfeer, maak Nepad staat op prominente regionale ekonomiese gemeenskappe om Afrika se ekonomiese agterstande en markfragmentasie aan te spreek deur die uitbou van handelskakelings, harmonisering van regulatoriese raamwerke en verdere regionale handelsliberalisering. Die klem is daarop om 'n gunstige investeringsomgewing in Afrika te bevorder, aangesien Afrika-leiers erken dat 'n florerende privaatsektor en besigheidsgemeenskap die dryfkrag vir ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling is. Nepad se sukses as die sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkelingsplan vir die nuut-gevormde Afrika-unie berus op die krag van slegs drie ondersteunende pilare, naamlik: die volgehoue politieke verbintenis tot die visie deur Afrika-leiers, groter beleggings in die kontinent en handelstoegang vir Afrika se produkte, en aktiewe deelname van verteenwoordigende sektore uit die privaatsektor. Met 'n hoogs ambisieuse inisiatief soos Nepad, is dit gebiedend noodsaaklik dat subregionale strategieë voorkeur geniet ten einde Nepad se langtermyn sukses te verseker.
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Xiaosui, Ji. "China's performance in Sino-African cooperation and the impact in Africa's development." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4584.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Trabalho de Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Cooperação Internacional e DesenvolvimentoDans cette thése, tout d'abord, j'ai introduit la définition du développement, analysé la relation entre le développement et la coopération internationale; et puis j'ai étudié la motivation de la Chine pour s'intégrer dans la cooperation internationale avec l'Afrique; ensuite j'ai démontré la performance de la Chine dans le développement du continent de l'Afrique; au final, j'ai analysé l'influence de la Chine dans le développement d'Angola.
In this dissertation, i firstly introduce the definition of development, surveys the relation between development and international cooperation. Subsequently, i examine the motivations for China's engagement with Africa, paying attention to the performance of China in African development. At the end, the dissertation addresses the case study, looking at the performance of China in Angola's development.
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Muyangwa, Monde. "Transport diplomacy : the politics of transport cooperation in the Southern african Development Coordination Conference." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320795.
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Aggad, Faten. "New regionalism as an approach to cooperation in Africa : with reference to the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD)." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-081012008-111736/.
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Virta, Jasmin-Leyla. "From Development Cooperation to Partnership of Equals : How does the EU construct Africa as an equal partner?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44743.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The European Union and Africa have sought to establish tight economic and political relations after the era of colonialism. However, European colonialism in the African continent has left behind colonial legacies that are still present in the postcolonial world. Contemporary EU- Africa relations have aimed to transcend the conventional donor-recipient relationship shaped by colonial legacies, towards a more equal and mutually beneficial partnership. Such a partnership of equals has been a declared goal of the current European Commission outlined in the EU-Africa Strategy “Towards a comprehensive Strategy with Africa”. This thesis aims to examine the partnership and power relations between the EU and the AU, seeking to answer the question of how the EU constructs Africa as an equal partner in the EU- Africa Strategy. This thesis entails theoretical and analytical frameworks combining two critical approaches, postcolonial theory and the WPR method. By applying these frameworks to the thesis, the findings reveal that the EU constructs Africa as a dependent partner through pragmatic discourse on partnership, due to the deep-seated remnants of colonial structures within the EU-Africa Strategy. These colonial structures position the EU as a dominant actor providing support for the dependent actor, Africa, implying that the partnership is based on asymmetrical power relations between the two actors. This research attempts to contribute to the somewhat underdeveloped canon of postcolonial approaches to EU-Africa relations and highlight the suitability of a postcolonial approach for this type of research.
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Ziswa, Melissa Nyaradzo Sibongile. "An analysis of the decentralisation framework provided for in the African Charter on the Values and Principles of Decentralisation, Local Governance and Local Development, 2014." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5432.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Magister Legum - LLMIn 2014, the African Union (AU) adopted the African Charter on the Values and Principles of Decentralisation, Local Governance and Local Development (the African Charter on Decentralisation). The Charter is a first of its kind to provide a decentralisation framework for local government on the African continent. It seeks to use local government as a vehicle for improving the livelihoods of people on the African continent. Member States of the AU will only be bound by the African Charter on Decentralisation once they have ratified it. The actual impact of the Charter to improve the livelihood of people on the African continent is unknown. This research paper provides a critical analysis of the Charter in order to establish its potential. The analysis is undertaken against the background of the international literature on decentralisation and 'best' practices on local government.
South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI)
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Zimba, Anthony Andile. "Decentralised cooperative governance in the South African metropolitan municipalities." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/536.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study emanates from the constitutional imperatives with regard to the role of local government in community development. The notion of cooperative governance is envisaged in the South African Constitution which stipulates that all spheres of government must adhere to the principles of cooperative government and must conduct their activities within the parameters prescribed by the Constitution. The purpose is to support and strengthen the capacity of the local governments to manage their own affairs and to perform their functions. The basic values and principles governing public administration entail that: it must be broadly representative of the people of South Africa in order to redress the imbalances. The existing gaps in the legislation on decision making power at the local level of the municipality, be it in a ward committee or sub council, have not been adequately addressed in the post 1994 democratic dispensation. It is in this context that this study seeks to address these gaps and obstacles, and contribute to the design and development of a decentralized cooperative governance model, specifically to the six metropolitan municipalities and also provide a basis for further research. The findings of the research could be adapted as a national policy in the empowering of municipalities through the dispersal of democratic power which is an essential ingredient of inclusive governance. Based on a case study of six metropolitan municipalities, the research is intended to contribute to the development of empirically grounded; praxis and practical guideline in decentralized cooperative governance which can be adopted and institutionalized in public administration. It is believed that a study of decentralized cooperative governance adds value in that it seeks to link decentralized power and local development. Rather than civil society organisations being seen as adversarial, a creative partnership with the state in local development is crucial. This political assimilation is critical in the construction of democracy through fusing the substantive values of a political culture with the procedural requisites of democratic accountability. This serves to fragment and disperse political power and maintain a system of checks and balances with regard to the exercise of governmental power. The capacity for innovation, flexibility and change can be enhanced at the local level, and it is a cliché that local decision making is viewed as more democratic in contrast to central, top-down decision-making processes. A syncretistic model for local government based on the political adaptation of political and inclusive decentralisation is outlined.
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Aubrey, Lisa Marie. "The politics of development cooperation: African NGO's and their relational environment- a study of Maendeleo Ya Wanawake in Kenya." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1248709186.
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Aubrey, Lisa Marie. "The politics of development cooperation : African NGOs and their relational environment : a study of Maendeleo Ya Wanawake in Kenya /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487862972135744.
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Binza, Mzikayise Shakespeare. "A public-private partnership model for the improvemnet of local economic development in South African metropolitan government." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/923.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The post-apartheid developmental state of South Africa had a challenge of turning around an economy that was on deficit which it inherited in 1994, to a positive growth that will be sustainable and shared. The process followed in creating a sustainable economic development was first establishing a constitutional democratic government which was constituted in terms of the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, as three equal spheres of government, viz: the national, provincial and local spheres of government. Initiatives on innovative economic development become a reconstruction programme not only of the national and provincial spheres of government, but also of the local sphere of government which is closest to the people it governs and deliver municipal goods and services to. For an example, section 152 (1) (c) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, provides that the local sphere of government which is constituted by 283 wall-to-wall municipalities must “improve social and economic development” of the people. Out of the 283 municipalities, 6 are metropolitan municipalities, and are the: City of Cape Town, City of Johannesburg, City of Tshwane, Ekurhuleni, Ethekwini, and Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality. This research project is limited to the City of Cape Town (CCT) and the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipalities (NMBM). In the second process, a number of legislations and policies providing for external mechanisms to be used to improve local economic development (LED) in an inclusive, shared and equitable manner were introduced. Policies that were introduced by the democratic government and serve as policy directive for economic development are: the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) of 1994; the Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) of 1996; and the Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative of South Africa (ASGISA) of 2006. The relevant legislations to the local sphere of government which were introduced and provided for the appropriate mechanism for enabling sustainable growth of local economies by developmental local government in partnerships with other stakeholders such as private sector and civil society movements are: the Local Government: Municipal Systems Act, 2000 (Act 32 of 2000); Municipal Service Policy of 2000; Guidelines on Municipal Service Partnerships of 2006-2010; and the National Framework for Local Economic Development in South Africa (NFLED) of 2006-2010. The above xviii legislations provide the following external mechanisms to improve local economic development in municipal areas, viz: public-private partnerships; public-public partnerships, and public-community partnerships. This research project is about the first external mechanism which is the public-private partnerships (PPPs) to enable municipalities to improve local economies that provide for job creations and employment for the local inhabitants. According to the National Treasury Regulation 16 (2004:1), PPP means a “commercial transaction between an institution, for example a metropolitan government, and a private party in terms of which: 1. The private party either performs an institutional function on behalf of the institution [in this regard a metropolitan government] for a specified or indefinite period or acquires the use of a state property for its own commercial purposes for a specified or indefinite period. 2. The private party receives a benefit for performing the function or by utilising state property, either by way of compensation from a revenue fund, or by charges or fees collected by the private party from users or customers of a service provided for them; or a combination of such compensation and such fees”. The first goal of this research project is to develop the most appropriate public-private partnership model for South African metropolitan government with special reference to the City of Cape Town (CCT) and the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM) in enabling and guiding them to improve and sustain local economic development (LED) in their respective areas of jurisdiction. The application of public-private partnerships (PPPs) as a policy strategy to achieve local economic development (LED) in CCT and NMBM was investigated, in order to determine whether these activities can be improved. Followed is the development of a conceptual framework for optimal PPP implementation in order to improve local economic development in the CCT and NMBM and other metropolitan and municipal areas in South Africa. A more appropriate PPP model called the Participatory Development Systems Model (PDSM) has been constructed for this purpose from a number of sources and proven good practices both locally in South Africa and internationally. The PDSM model uses the strategic prioritisation and management by a municipality of the integrated development of physical, economic, human and social capital in its region in a more participatory way, as a point of departure for PPPs. The PDSM model for PPPs also emphasises consistent systematic assessment of these strategies against the strategic LED goals of the municipality concerned in order to ensure that lessons are learnt from these experiences and used to refine or revise future LED and PPP strategies accordingly. This thesis makes an original contribution to the existing body of knowledge about the promotion of LED through PPPs in metropolitan municipalities in South Africa and elsewhere, by conceptualising PPPs in a clear and coherent way as an integrated dimension of strategic management processes in municipalities that need to be implemented in a more participatory way in order to achieve the overall strategic goal of sustainable LED.
Книги з теми "African development cooperation"
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Liu, Hongwu, and Jianbo Luo. Sino-African Development Cooperation. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5481-7.
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Emeka, Okolo Julius, and Wright Stephen 1954-, eds. West African regional cooperation and development. Boulder: Westview Press, 1989.
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Tjønneland, Elling Njål. Norwegian-South African development cooperation 1995-2001. Bergen, Norway: Chr. Michelsen Institute, 2003.
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Adejumobi, Said. The African Union and new strategies for development in Africa. [Nairobi]: DPMF, 2009.
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Adejumobi, Said. The African Union and new strategies for development in Africa. [Nairobi]: DPMF, 2009.
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Adejumobi, Said. The African Union and new strategies for development in Africa. [Nairobi]: DPMF, 2009.
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Deull, Charles B. Working together: NGO cooperation in seven African countries. New York, NY, USA: American Council for Voluntary International Action, 1987.
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J, Havnevik Kjell, Van Arkadie Brian, and Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, eds. Domination or dialogue?: Experiences and prospects for African development cooperation. Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 1996.
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Nyagah, Joseph W. N. An African minister's lessons for co-operatives. Nairobi, Kenya: Ngewa Afrika, 2014.
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Lewis, Maureen A. Public-private partnership in African urban development. [Nairobi?]: The Office, 1986.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "African development cooperation"
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Sidiropoulos, Elizabeth. "South Africa in Global Development Fora: Cooperation and Contestation." In The Palgrave Handbook of Development Cooperation for Achieving the 2030 Agenda, 409–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57938-8_19.
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AbstractSince 1994, post-apartheid South Africa has embraced its Southern and African identity, with its foreign policy reflecting its aim to engage in international fora to advance Southern principles and the African voice. It also developed instruments to undertake South-South cooperation that focused largely on sharing its own lessons from its political transformation with post-conflict countries. This chapter explores the tensions between cooperation and contestation in South Africa’s involvement in global development and in its own development cooperation. South Africa has worked on global reforms with large emerging powers, but their interests are not always aligned with those of Africa. South Africa and Africa have derived leverage from their numbers and the related legitimacy in selecting what initiatives of more influential actors they will support.
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Li, Anshan. "African Economic Autonomy and International Development Cooperation." In New Paths of Development, 43–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56096-6_3.
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Liu, Hongwu, and Jianbo Luo. "African Integration and China’s African Policy of Multilateral Cooperation." In Research Series on the Chinese Dream and China’s Development Path, 137–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5481-7_9.
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Weigel, Moritz, and Alexander Demissie. "Achieving the SDGs in Africa Through South-South Cooperation on Climate Change with China." In The Palgrave Handbook of Development Cooperation for Achieving the 2030 Agenda, 605–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57938-8_28.
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AbstractClimate change poses a significant threat to socio-economic development in Africa. Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will not be possible without fostering low-emission development and addressing the adverse impacts of climatic changes on the continent. China has emerged as a key development partner and is increasingly cooperating with African countries on climate change adaptation and mitigation. This chapter looks at the evolution of South-South cooperation on climate change between African countries and China over the past decades. We argue that South-South cooperation with China has a tremendous potential for African countries to realise their climate action priorities, and thus enable the achievement of their SDGs. However, to realise this potential, both sides need a more ambitious and targeted approach.
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Ishola, Ebenezer Babajide. "Regional Cooperation for Development: The African Union Experience." In Pan Africanism, Regional Integration and Development in Africa, 39–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34296-8_3.
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Mthembu, Philani. "South Africa as a Development Partner: An Empirical Analysis of the African Renaissance and International Cooperation Fund." In The Palgrave Handbook of Development Cooperation for Achieving the 2030 Agenda, 567–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57938-8_26.
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AbstractAs South Africa looks to consolidate its role as a development partner, it remains an open question whether it can maintain a strong presence in Africa while facing significant challenges at home. With the economy struggling to grow and the government increasingly cutting back on expenditure, one has to wonder whether these cuts are translating into a reduction of its role as a development partner in Africa. With the eagerly awaited South African Development Partnership Agency in mind, this chapter examines data from the African Renaissance and International Cooperation Fund (ARF) between 2003 and 2015. It shows empirically that, despite increasing allocations and disbursements in the years following its inception, the global financial crisis and domestic challenges have taken their toll on the ARF’s activities.
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Koyasu, Akiko, and Danielly Ramos. "Japan’s Relationship with Portuguese-Speaking Africa: Considering the Future of Brazil–Japan Cooperation." In Brazil—Japan Cooperation: From Complementarity to Shared Value, 113–37. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4029-3_5.
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AbstractJapan and Brazil have built a partnership not only in bilateral and multilateral framework but also in triangular cooperation. In recent years, the term FOIP (Free and Open Indo–Pacific) has been used as the philosophy of Japanese diplomacy. FOIP vision means to achieve peace, stability and prosperity in Asia and African region. Brazil itself is not a direct region for FOIP. But considering the African region is included in FOIP, and for Brazil, Africa is a continent historically and strategically important, Japan’s diplomatic concept, FOIP is not irrelevant to Brazil. To think about the future of Japan–Brazil relations, it is necessary to consider Japan’s African diplomacy in the era of FOIP in order to compare it with Brazil’s African diplomacy. In this article we will especially focus on the Portuguese-speaking African countries. The structure of the article is as follows. First, regarding Japan’s diplomacy with Africa, the philosophy and achievements of TICAD (Tokyo International Conference on African Development) started under the initiative of Japanese government since 1993 will be explained. In considering the future cooperation between Japan and Brazil in Africa, it is also necessary to understand Brazil’s African diplomacy. To that ends, the second part of the article will be the Brazilian diplomatic relations with Africa from the postwar period to the present day. In contrast to the active relations with Africa during the Lula governments, some major setbacks can be seen in the current Bolsonaro administration’s diplomatic relations with Africa. After the characteristics of Japan and Brazil’s diplomacy with Africa have been clarified, in the third part of this article, we will inquire the possibility of further cooperation of Japan and Brazil while looking back on the history and achievements of triangular cooperation between Japan–Brazil, and African countries, especially Mozambique. And we will put some comments as a concluding remark.
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Manungufala, Thomani, and John Dini. "Transboundary Waters Cooperation: The Southern African Development Community Revised Protocol." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 611–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95846-0_106.
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Manungufala, Thomani, and John Dini. "Transboundary Waters Cooperation: The Southern African Development Community Revised Protocol." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70061-8_106-2.
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Manungufala, Thomani, and John Dini. "Transboundary Waters Cooperation: The Southern African Development Community Revised Protocol." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70061-8_106-1.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "African development cooperation"
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Aleixo, Ana, Ana Solange Leal, Eunice Ball, Marta Coto, Saša Štraus, and Stav Bar Shany. "INTERCONTINENTAL COOPERATION TO FOSTER THE CAPACITY OF EUROPEAN AND AFRICAN DIGITAL INNOVATION HUBS TO ACCELERATE THE DIGITAL TRANSITION - THE AFRICONEU PROJECT." In 16th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2022.1595.
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Artekin, Ayşe Özge, and Mahmut Sami Duran. "DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN TURKEY: TRENDS AND CHANGES." In 12th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2022“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2022.713.
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Turkey, which is the connection point between Asia and Europe and is in a strategically important position, needs new markets where it can implement an effective commercial policy. According to the data of the Asian Devel-opment Bank, Asian countries, which are expected to meet more than half of the world production in 2050 with their rapid growth, and African countries, which are seen as a virgin market and advantageous in terms of cheap raw mate-rial import, offer Turkey a good market opportunity as an alternative to European region trade. On the other hand, it is expected that the agreements made by Turkey will increase the commercial potential of the country. The aim of this study is to show the cooperation with different international economic integrations, that is, the change in Turkey’s direction in trade, by reducing the risks and disadvantages of being tied to a certain region in terms of trade. The study deals with the Turkish foreign trade policy, competitiveness and trade data from the period of open-ing up after 1980 to the present, in certain periods. At the same time, it is stated in the study that with the change of Turkey’s trade policy, the share of EU countries in total foreign trade has decreased in the last twenty years, and the di-rection of Turkey’s European-intensive foreign trade has expanded to the whole world, especially to Asia. It is predicted that Turkey’s economic and political efficiency will increase with its new policies and strong commercial connections.
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DAI, JUN-PING, and LING-FANG WU. "ANALYSIS ON THE RISKS OF CHINA'S DIRECT INVESTMENT IN AFRICA AND THE COUNTERMEASURES." In 2021 International Conference on Management, Economics, Business and Information Technology. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtem/mebit2021/35614.
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Since the establishment of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, China's Direct investment in Africa has the characteristics as follows: rapid development of investment scale, enriched investment fields and diversified investors. While the investment proportion in Africa of total China’s OFDI is still small and the investment mainly concentrates on certain Africa countries. Most importantly, in the process of China’s investment in Africa, investment risks are rising, many investment projects have suffered setbacks or failures. Chinese enterprises face with political risk, corruption risk, environmental risk and public opinion risk in process of direct investment in Africa. Therefore, enterprises should improve the ability to control and prevent the risk, investment strategy should be optimized according to local conditions, as well as fulfill the environmental responsibility and enhance the voice in Africa to improve the international image.
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Dong, Xiaoying, and Chenghong Jiang. "EU-China-Africa Trilateral Development Cooperation: A Global Governance Perspective." In 7th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210519.016.
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Aredo, Shenko Chura, Yalemzewd Negash, Yihenew Wondie, Feyisa Debo, Rajaveerappa Devadas, and Abreham Fekadu. "Density Aware Cooperative Precoding Technique for Massive MIMO Systems." In 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Development for Africa (ICT4DA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ict4da53266.2021.9672239.
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Ngwane, Knowledge. "WORK-INTEGRATED LEARNING AS A FUNDAMENTAL TOOL TO BE USED FOR UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COOPERATION: A CASE OF A SELECTED HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN SOUTH AFRICA." In International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2017.1029.
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Beres, Wieslaw, Donald Fread, Lesley Harris, Philip Haupt, Joanna Kappas, Roger Olson, Philip Reineke, Sandi Robertson, and Gordon Stocks. "Critical Components Life Update for Gas Turbine Engines: Case Study of an International Collaboration." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50655.
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The paper describes results of the international collaboration that led to revision of the declared lives for critical components of a turbo-prop gas turbine engine. Four nations contributed to the program—Australia, Canada, USA and South Africa under the auspices of a Component Improvement Program led by the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). This international collaboration was initiated as a result of the decrease in the declared life for some critical components of this engine by the OEM. The core of the program consisted of a detailed stress analysis performed in South Africa, and spin rig testing of selected life-limited, rotating turbine components—two stages of discs and two stages of spacers—performed in Australia and Canada. The general objectives of the program were to provide more accurate low cycle fatigue crack initiation data and to verify crack growth life analysis techniques using advanced 2D and 3D finite element analyses and spin rig testing for selected components. The crack initiation results are used to improve the life management procedures. Since the OEM does not recommend using life limits that exceed the safe crack initiation life of the rotating turbine components, the crack growth analysis results are used only for risk assessment and risk management by the engine operators. The basis of analytical techniques used for preparing the tests as well as the testing procedures are described. In addition, the development of NDE (Non Destructive Evaluation) methods and the inspections of these components during and after the tests are discussed. The economical benefits of such an international collaboration are demonstrated. The uniqueness of this approach to life revision of critical components of gas turbine engines, particularly for engines that have been in operation for many years, includes close cooperation of an international team of the engine manufacturer, the major engine users and their respective scientific organizations. In addition, a significant amount of operational experience that has been accumulated by the OEM, has allowed for verification of the spin rig test results.
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Argirakis, Anthony S. "Remote Control Jackleg Drills Reduce Operators’ Overall Noise Exposures." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12833.
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Jackleg drills have proven to be a problem when it comes to overexposures to noise for coal miners as well as metal/nonmetal miners. These pneumatic drills are used to drill holes for roof bolting or blast holes in developmental and stoper mining. They are used when mining vertically or steeply inclined deposits. The “Leg” is a heavy metal support which allows the driller to keep the rig steady when collaring the hole as well as keeping it steady while drilling into the hard rock. Since drilling is done basically by hand, the operator remains in close proximity to the noise associated with the pneumatic hammer. Up until now, little has been done with the exception of Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) and retrofit mufflers to achieve compliance with the noise standards stated in Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 30, part 62 for the drills of the type. Just recently an anthracite coal mining company, having noise problems associated with their jackleg drills, purchased a “Remote In-Stope Drill Rig” from a manufacturer in South Africa. A noise study was conducted by the Mine Safety & Health Administration (MSHA) and the cooperative mining company to determine the effectiveness of the remote control jackleg drill in reducing the operator’s overall noise exposure. The baseline test was conducted on the original jackleg drill. Once the new remote unit was received, it was tested as received from the manufacturer with their hammer and again with the company’s original hammer retrofitted to the drill rig. The company also made modifications to the 8 ft. hose extending it to 20 ft. to allow operation further from the noise source. The study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the remote control unit in reducing not only the sound level, but also the overall noise dose. The unit was found to not only reduce the operator’s overall noise exposure when used with either hammer, but allowed drilling to be conducted from a location under permanently supported roof with no vibration on the operator’s hands.
Звіти організацій з теми "African development cooperation"
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Ayele, Seife, Wei Shen, Frangton Chiyemura, and Jing Gu. Enhancing China–Africa Cooperation in the Renewable Energy Sector. Institute of Development Studies, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.028.
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Access to affordable and sustainable electricity is of fundamental importance to development in much of Africa. But, while access to electricity is improving, contributions from non-hydropower renewable energy sources remain small. At the same time, China – the powerhouse of solar energy technologies – has made limited contribution to harnessing Africa’s renewable energy. Combining insights from recent webinars and research, this Policy Briefing discusses how China–Africa cooperation on renewable energy could lead to improvements in access to and supply of affordable and sustainable energy in Africa. Recommendations for African and Chinese policymakers and businesses include the adoption of transparent, competitive, and locally inclusive energy procurement and use mechanisms.
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Lodge, Junior, and Jan Yves. The Promise of a Recalibrated Caribbean-European Union Partnership. Fundación Carolina, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtff03en.
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The Caribbean and the European Union (EU) have been enjoined in a formal bi-regional relationship since the signing of the Lomé Convention in 1975, and are firm proponents of multilateralism, strong advocates of regional integration, democracy and rule of law, and reflect vibrant multi-ethnic and multilingual polities. The bi-regional relationship has evolved considerably over the intervening 45 years, and is reflected in formal agreements between the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) States and the EU, and in the sphere of economic cooperation, has been strengthened with the signing of the Cariforum-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) in 2008. The EU also remains a significant source of development cooperation for the Caribbean, complemented by a sui generis project management regime that includes multi-annual programming. Beyond this, the bi-regional ties have expanded into new areas of joint multilateral endeavour such as the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Despite the long and formal engagement, the Cariforum-EU partnership has not engendered either deep understanding of, or universal support in, each other’s conduct of multilateral negotiations. To the contrary, the partnership displays regular flashes of unease and arguably low-level tension. This paper seeks to assess the Caribbean-EU partnership in terms of its contribution of bi-regional trade and economic cooperation to Caribbean development, and possibilities for a renewed partnership considering new impulses shaping the Cariforum-EU relationship, including the post-Cotonou Agreement, Brexit, EU-LAC Political Dialogue and COVID-19 responses. A Cariforum-EU development agenda to fuel post-pandemic Caribbean recovery is mooted with the additional value of harnessing the promise of the revised partnership.
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Yuan, Jingdong, Fei Su, and Xuwan Ouyang. China’s Evolving Approach to Foreign Aid. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/wtnj4163.
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China’s role in foreign aid and, more broadly, in development cooperation on the global stage has grown significantly since it began seven decades ago. Particularly in recent years, through such platforms as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China’s profile and engagement in global governance in foreign aid and related areas has been further enhanced. China’s ambition is taking a more proactive approach in foreign aid and moving towards a model of international development cooperation by linking with the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and by including the BRI as a major platform to achieve key development goals. This paper provides a timely analysis of the evolution of China’s foreign aid policy in the past seven decades with a particular focus on the developments since 2000. It discusses China’s development finance to Africa and the major sectors receiving Chinese aid. It also analyses recent trends of Chinese foreign aid and identifies some of the challenges that China faces as it becomes a major player in international development financing.
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Herbert, Siân. Covid-19, Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary No.28. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.008.
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The fortnightly Covid-19, Conflict, and Governance Evidence Summary aim to signpost the UK Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office (FCDO) and other UK government departments to the latest evidence and opinions on Covid-19 (C19), to inform and support their responses. This summary features resources on C19’s unequal impacts and policy responses; responses to build long-term resilience to both conflict and pandemics; responses to support forcibly displaced people in Africa and the Middle East; and the implications of C19 for international development cooperation in 2021. Many of the core C19 themes continue to be covered this week, including C19 increasing gender-based violence; whether regime type shapes effective C19 responses; and whether and how C19 is shaping conflict contexts. The summary uses two main sections – (1) literature: – this includes policy papers, academic articles, and long-form articles that go deeper than the typical blog; and (2) blogs & news articles. It is the result of one day of work and is thus indicative but not comprehensive of all issues or publications.
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Mayfield, Colin. Higher Education in the Water Sector: A Global Overview. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/guxy9244.
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Higher education related to water is a critical component of capacity development necessary to support countries’ progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) overall, and towards the SDG6 water and sanitation goal in particular. Although the precise number is unknown, there are at least 28,000 higher education institutions in the world. The actual number is likely higher and constantly changing. Water education programmes are very diverse and complex and can include components of engineering, biology, chemistry, physics, hydrology, hydrogeology, ecology, geography, earth sciences, public health, sociology, law, and political sciences, to mention a few areas. In addition, various levels of qualifications are offered, ranging from certificate, diploma, baccalaureate, to the master’s and doctorate (or equivalent) levels. The percentage of universities offering programmes in ‘water’ ranges from 40% in the USA and Europe to 1% in subSaharan Africa. There are no specific data sets available for the extent or quality of teaching ‘water’ in universities. Consequently, insights on this have to be drawn or inferred from data sources on overall research and teaching excellence such as Scopus, the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, the Times Higher Education, the Ranking Web of Universities, the Our World in Data website and the UN Statistics Division data. Using a combination of measures of research excellence in water resources and related topics, and overall rankings of university teaching excellence, universities with representation in both categories were identified. Very few universities are represented in both categories. Countries that have at least three universities in the list of the top 50 include USA, Australia, China, UK, Netherlands and Canada. There are universities that have excellent reputations for both teaching excellence and for excellent and diverse research activities in water-related topics. They are mainly in the USA, Europe, Australia and China. Other universities scored well on research in water resources but did not in teaching excellence. The approach proposed in this report has potential to guide the development of comprehensive programmes in water. No specific comparative data on the quality of teaching in water-related topics has been identified. This report further shows the variety of pathways which most water education programmes are associated with or built in – through science, technology and engineering post-secondary and professional education systems. The multitude of possible institutions and pathways to acquire a qualification in water means that a better ‘roadmap’ is needed to chart the programmes. A global database with details on programme curricula, qualifications offered, duration, prerequisites, cost, transfer opportunities and other programme parameters would be ideal for this purpose, showing country-level, regional and global search capabilities. Cooperation between institutions in preparing or presenting water programmes is currently rather limited. Regional consortia of institutions may facilitate cooperation. A similar process could be used for technical and vocational education and training, although a more local approach would be better since conditions, regulations and technologies vary between relatively small areas. Finally, this report examines various factors affecting the future availability of water professionals. This includes the availability of suitable education and training programmes, choices that students make to pursue different areas of study, employment prospects, increasing gender equity, costs of education, and students’ and graduates’ mobility, especially between developing and developed countries. This report aims to inform and open a conversation with educators and administrators in higher education especially those engaged in water education or preparing to enter that field. It will also benefit students intending to enter the water resources field, professionals seeking an overview of educational activities for continuing education on water and government officials and politicians responsible for educational activities