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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "AFM PROCESS"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "AFM PROCESS"

Walia, R. S., H. S. Shan, and P. Kumar. "Enhancing AFM process productivity through improved fixturing." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 44, no. 7-8 (February 4, 2009): 700–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-008-1893-7.

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Fite, Kelby, E. Thomas Smiley, John McIntyre, and Christina Wells. "Evaluation of a Soil Decompaction and Amendment Process for Urban Trees." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 37, no. 6 (November 1, 2011): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2011.038.

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Researchers investigated the effects of a soil decompaction and amendment process (AFM) and its individual components (air tillage, fertilizer, and mulch) on soil properties at four urban sites: Anderson, South Carolina; Boston, Massachusetts; Myrtle Beach, South Carolina; and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. At each site, 50 red maples (Acer rubrum) were growing on compacted and/or nutrient-poor soils whose pretreatment bulk densities ranged from 1.14 to 1.74 g/cm3. Treatments were applied in the autumn and winter of 2005–2006, and measurements were taken through the end of 2008. The AFM treatment significantly reduced soil strength relative to control at all sites in 2006. There were significant treatment × location interactions in all years, with higher bulk density sites (Anderson and Myrtle Beach) showing the greatest magnitude and duration of response. The AFM and mulch treatments generally increased soil organic matter content, while air tillage alone significantly lowered soil organic matter content in Pittsburgh. At most sites, the AFM treatment was more effective than surface fertilizer application at improving soil fertility. AFM and mulched plots had significantly higher soil water content than other plots during periods of summer drought. Overall, AFM was effective in improving soils beneath established trees, and mulching was the most beneficial of the individual treatments.

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Bao, Tim. "Traceable Dimension Metrology by AFM for Nanoscale Process Control." Key Engineering Materials 381-382 (June 2008): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.381-382.549.

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Your 32nm is different from my 32nm! The paradoxical statement reflects one of the most essential debates in the field of nanoscale dimension metrology for process control in the modern nanoelectronic manufacturing industry. This baffling debate is all about accuracy and traceability of dimension measurement systems used on production floors. As the circuit geometry and density continues to scale to the 45nm node and below, the metrology bias and uncertainty play a more significant role, and the characterization becomes more difficult. This article assesses the capability of atomic force microscope (AFM) as an accurate inline calibration metrology tool and the correlation of AFM measurement to NIST traceable standards. It introduces the methodology of adopting AFM as a traceable reference tool for CD SEM and optical scatterometry used in inline process control. The focus is on height, linewidth, and pitch calibrations due to their critical but challenging roles for process control in today’s nanoelectronic manufacturing. Care must be taken to minimize the impact from factors that affect the traceability and accuracy in the AFM system, including tip width calibration, tip wear, tip shape effect, contamination, and linewidth roughness.

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Mangesh, Gharat Saurabh, and Aviral Misra. "Finite element analysis of viscoelastic media used in abrasive flow machining process." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1248, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1248/1/012005.

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Abstract The surface roughness of a part is the most important parameter in view of tribological applications and it also affects the working life of the part during application. The abrasive flow machining (AFM) process is an advanced non-conventional finishing process, used to deburr, polish, and to remove the recast layer from the surface as well as at the edges of the components. In AFM viscoelastic media is used to finish the workpiece with close dimensional tolerance and precision. The viscoelastic media used in the AFM process is laden with abrasive particles. In the present work, a finite element analysis of viscoelastic abrasive media is performed considering the AFM process. A mixture of polyborosiloxane and silicon carbide is used as viscoelastic abrasive media and the AFM process is modeled using ANSYS Polyflow. In the analysis, the flow of viscoelastic abrasive media is assumed to follow the Maxwell model of viscoelastic fluid. The simulations were performed for varying the extrusion pressure for the finishing of an internal cylindrical surface. The results of the simulations were validated with the experimental observation and found in good agreement.

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Mekid, Samir. "In-Process Atomic-Force Microscopy (AFM) Based Inspection." Sensors 17, no. 6 (May 31, 2017): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17061194.

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Babicz, S., A. Zieliński, J. Smulko, and K. Darowicki. "Corrosion process monitoring by AFM higher harmonic imaging." Measurement Science and Technology 28, no. 11 (October 18, 2017): 114001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aa844a.

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Cambel, V., J. Martaus, J. Šoltýs, R. Kúdela, and D. Gregušová. "AFM nanooxidation process – Technology perspective for mesoscopic structures." Surface Science 601, no. 13 (July 2007): 2717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2006.12.058.

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Hu, Xiaodong, and Xiaotang Hu. "Analysis of the process of anodization with AFM." Ultramicroscopy 105, no. 1-4 (November 2005): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2005.06.018.

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Sato, Takashi, Stephen Wan, and Yu Jing Ang. "Study of Process Characteristics of Abrasive Flow Machining (AFM) for Ti-6Al-4V and Validation with Process Model." Advanced Materials Research 797 (September 2013): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.411.

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The aerospace components made of titanium alloy with internal passages have complex geometries and their surface smoothness play an important role on the improvement of fuel efficiency. Hence, a surface finishing method that can produce a conforming surface finish to all internal surface features is required. This paper studies the process characteristics of AFM for Ti-6Al-4V experimentally. In addition, validation of process model based on the tribological interaction between AFM media and Ti-6Al-4V with empirical data is carried out. The theoretical plots agreed well with experimental results on Ø20mmID cylinder although the theoretical plots show over prediction in some conditions.

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Gupta, Ravi, Rahul O. Vaishya, Dr R. S. Walia Dr. R.S Walia, and Dr P. K. Kalra Dr. P.K Kalra. "Experimental Study of Process Parameters On Material Removal Mechanism in Hybrid Abrasive Flow Machining Process (AFM)." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 6 (June 1, 2012): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/june2013/75.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "AFM PROCESS"

Al-Musawi, Raheem. "Theoretical and experimental investigations about the AFM tip-based nanomachining process." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/99795/.

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Анотація:

In the last two decades, technological progress towards the miniaturisation of products and components has increased significantly. This trend has also been driven by demands for the manufacture of devices with functional features on the nanoscale. One of the nanofabrication processes, which has been proposed by researchers to meet such needs, relies on the mechanical machining of the surface of a workpiece with the tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe. In this case, the AFM probe is utilised as a cutting tool as it enables the direct contact between its sharp tip, which is fixed on a flexible micro cantilever, and the workpiece surface. A relatively large numbers of studies have been reported in the field of AFM tip-based nanomachining since the invention of the AFM instrument itself just over thirty years ago. However, such studies have typically neglected the fact that AFM probes should be considered as flexible tools when investigating this process. Thus, this shortcoming constitutes the main motivation behind this PhD research. Following a review of the literature, the work reported in this Thesis starts by a study of the bending orientation of cantilevers during AFM tip-based nanomachining operations along different processing directions. To achieve this, an advanced experimental set-up is developed first in order to monitor a number of output signals, which characterise the motions of both the fixed and the free ends of the cantilever together with the displacements of the AFM stage. A refined theoretical analysis is also presented to express the bending orientation of an AFM probe cantilever at its free end as a function of the forces acting on the tip when machining in a direction pointing away from the probe. This refined model shows that the bending orientation depends on both geometric parameters of the cantilever and on the cutting forces. Complementary experiments, which are designed to determine the quasi-static bending behaviour of cantilevers in practice, show that, contrary to assumed knowledge, both concave and convex bending orientations could take place when machining along this direction. The occurrence of a change of the cantilever deflected shape from convex to concave bending during machining can principally change the depth and width of grooves produced. For instance, the depth of grooves machined on a single crystal copper specimen may increase up to 70% following this phenomenon. iv Following this, another refined model is also developed to measure the normal force acting on the tip when the AFM stage is static by taking in account the cantilever geometry and its inclination angle with respect to the sample surface. This work leads to the introduction of a correction factor that should be applied when using the conventional equation for determining the normal load in this configuration. Results obtained when implementing this model based on the dimensions of typical commercial AFM probes show that the conventional approach always leads to an underestimation of the normal applied force. In addition, it is demonstrated, both theoretically and experimentally, that the conventional method for determining the applied normal load during AFM tip-based nanomachining, i.e. when the stage is not static, is wrong. Based on this shortcoming, a novel procedure is proposed to estimate all three force components (i.e. thrust, axial, and lateral forces) acting on the tip during AFM tip-based nanomachining. To achieve this, two novel methods are also developed to assess the actual value of normal force during machining, which in this case is referred to as the thrust force. Based on experimental data, a good agreement is found between both methods for different physical quantities evaluated. Another refined theoretical model, based on the classical beam theory, is also employed in this procedure to determine the axial force acting on the tip and subsequently, the lateral force. Using this novel procedure to estimate the cutting forces, it is also shown that even if the deflection angle at free end of probe is constant, this does not mean that the associated cantilever vertical deflection is constant between the configurations when the AFM stage is static (i.e. for nanoindentation) and when it is moving (i.e. during an actual cutting operation). Finally, in order to gain further insights into the material removal mechanisms that influence the process, a series of post-machining investigations on the topography of produced grooves is reported for different applied loads and processing directions. This particular experimental study takes advantage of the prior knowledge established in this Thesis. Indeed, the understanding of the cantilever deflected shape and the accurate assessment of cutting forces provide key inputs when the groove formation process is analysed.

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COSENTINO, MICHELA. "AFM-STED correlative nanoscopy provides a new view on the formation process of misfolded protein aggregates." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/939919.

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The main part of my PhD work focused on the application of an advanced integrated technique, based on the coupling of an atomic force microscope (AFM) and a stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscope in the study of amyloid fibrils formation. This coupled system allows the acquisition of super-resolution fluorescence images, perfectly overlapped with AFM topography. Exploiting the extended capability offered by this technique, I highlighted some important features on the mechanisms followed by the labeled and unlabeled proteins through their aggregation pathway. The results demonstrates that labeled molecules are involved only in selected pathways of aggregation, among the multiple that are present in the aggregation reaction. In a second part of my work, I investigated the process of interaction between Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn), the pathological peptide associated to the Parkinson’s disease, and model lipid membranes. The aim of this study was to identify molecular mechanisms that are indicated as the base of neurodegeneration, not only in Parkinson’s disease, but also in a large class of disorders, indicated as protein misfolding diseases.

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DHULL, SACHIN. "INVESTIGATION OF HYBRID ELECTROCHEMICAL AND MAGNETIC FIELD ASSISTED ABRASIVE FLOW FINISHING PROCESS." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18780.

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Анотація:

The current scenario of industrialization requires need for higher productivity which is met by advanced material removal process, i.e., abrasive flow machining (AFM) in which the internal surfaces of the workpiece is machined to higher accuracy level with the help of abrasive laden media. In this paper, the conventional AFM setup has been made hybrid using electrolytic and magnetic force arrangement alongwith rotational effect in order to achieve better results in terms of material removal and surface roughness. The newly developed in-house polymer media were utilized in the process and the input parameters taken during experimentation were magnetic flux, electrolytic rod size and shape, rotational speed, polymer media, abrasive particles and extrusion pressure. It was found that the material removal and surface roughness improvement were more in electrochemo magneto rotational AFM process compared to conventional AFM process. The experimental values were in confirmation with those obtained in the optimization techniques applied, i.e., Taguchi L9 OA, Matlab fuzzy logic and GRA-PCA. In addition, the hybrid mathematical model was developed and effect of different forces occurring in the process and computational flow analysis of media have been explained. With advent of need for fast productivity in terms of material removal and surface roughness of the workpiece, abrasive flow machining (AFM) process is gaining rapid importance in the industries. In this process, the fine finishing of the internal surfaces is done that are difficult to reach spaces using abrasive laden polymer media. The media is extruded past the surface under high pressure with the help of two sets of extrusion piston cylinder arrangements. Further various innovations done in the field of abrasive flow machining have been studied in detail in a tabulated form. It included the applications of the process and the different variant forms of AFM process. Hence it can be concluded that this form of non conventional machining process is efficient both in terms of surface roughness and material removal. The SBR media resulted in maximum material removal during experimentation, i.e., 3.88 mg when input parameters, i.e., electrolytic voltage, number of extrusion cycles and pressure were taken as 18 V, 4 and 10 bar respectively. The NR, NTR and SR media had intermediate effect of material removal but minimum removal of material was achieved in case of PBS media, i.e., 2.39 mg at 6 V voltage, 6 number of cycles and 30 bar pressure. The material removal was first increased with higher rod size but afterwards its increase was lesser. The surface plots obtained from RSM technique showed that MR obtained was 2.25 mg at 21 bar pressure and 7 number of cycles. As compared to conventional AFM setup, it was found that in EMR-AFM setup, 34.5 % and 17.8 % improvement in % Ra and material removal, respectively, was obtained. It was found that MR was approximately 2.9 mg on an average when machining was done on traditional AFM process, while it increased upto 4.5 mg in prepared hybrid machine setup.

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PIANIGIANI, MICHELE. "Nano Imprinting Lithography Ultrafast process and its chemical and physical effects on advanced plastic materials." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2908135.

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The main goal of this PhD was to understand the effects of the Pulsed Nanoimprint Lithography (Pulsed-NIL) technique on thermoplastic materials, by performing the imprinting process on a range of different materials and using different stamps and characterization techniques to assess how this process affects chemically and physically the plastic materials. This study has been conducted comparing the imprinting results by the standard Thermal Nano Imprint Lithography technique (standard T-NIL) and by the Pulsed Thermal NIL (Pulsed-NIL). The study on the material was necessary because, even if both techniques heat up the material at a temperature higher than the glass temperature and, with the application of the pressure, there is a replica of the pattern from the stamp to the sample, the parameters (in particularly, time and temperature of imprint) are very different. The standard technique has a large diffusion in the research and fabrication in micro and nanotechnology field. The Pulsed-NIL represents an innovation but it was important to demonstrate the capability to realize the imprint maintaining a quality of the structures same as the standard T-NIL and an absence or a limited existence of degradation of the materials due to the high temperature of the imprint. At the ``Istituto Officina dei Materiali'' of CNR (IOM-CNR) laboratories at Elettra - Area Science Park (Basovizza, Trieste), January 2014, a first prototype (Thunder 1.0), for Pulsed- NIL of small areas (40*40mm2), based on the patent of ThunderNIL S.r.L., was operational and the second (ULISS), for the micro and nano imprint of bigger areas (4'' wafers), was nearing the end of design. The early months of the PhD were used for the design and executive drawings process, and also completed the assembling process of the machine used for the experimental part. The drawings are not in this thesis because they are not significant for the researching field. To better understand the innovation introduced by ThunderNIL, it is important to have, at first, an overview of the standard process. In chapter 4 the technique is presented together with the intrinsic disadvantages. Chapter 5 enters more in detail with the innovative technique. Two chapters (6 and 7) are dedicated to the fabrication of the stamps for the imprint with both techniques. In particular the first is an introduction, whereas the second is a step by step logbook to better explain the processes involved, the work flow and time consuming behind the stamp. At the end of that chapter also the main parameters of two examples of imprint (one for standard, the other for Pulsed-NIL) were presented. The second part is dedicated to the analysis of the selected material and focuses on the quality of the imprint, in particular with the use of AFM (Chapter 8) that is here introduced. Chapter 9 is completely dedicated to the comparison between the standard and Pulsed-NIL imprinted structures and chapter 10 is a discussion about the results which includes a conclusion summary.

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Howard, Mitchell James. "Development of a machine-tooling-process integrated approach for abrasive flow machining (AFM) of difficult-to-machine materials with application to oil and gas exploration componenets." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9262.

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Abrasive flow machining (AFM) is a non-traditional manufacturing technology used to expose a substrate to pressurised multiphase slurry, comprised of superabrasive grit suspended in a viscous, typically polymeric carrier. Extended exposure to the slurry causes material removal, where the quantity of removal is subject to complex interactions within over 40 variables. Flow is contained within boundary walls, complex in form, causing physical phenomena to alter the behaviour of the media. In setting factors and levels prior to this research, engineers had two options; embark upon a wasteful, inefficient and poor-capability trial and error process or they could attempt to relate the findings they achieve in simple geometry to complex geometry through a series of transformations, providing information that could be applied over and over. By condensing process variables into appropriate study groups, it becomes possible to quantify output while manipulating only a handful of variables. Those that remain un-manipulated are integral to the factors identified. Through factorial and response surface methodology experiment designs, data is obtained and interrogated, before feeding into a simulated replica of a simple system. Correlation with physical phenomena is sought, to identify flow conditions that drive material removal location and magnitude. This correlation is then applied to complex geometry with relative success. It is found that prediction of viscosity through computational fluid dynamics can be used to estimate as much as 94% of the edge-rounding effect on final complex geometry. Surface finish prediction is lower (~75%), but provides significant relationship to warrant further investigation. Original contributions made in this doctoral thesis include; 1) A method of utilising computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to derive a suitable process model for the productive and reproducible control of the AFM process, including identification of core physical phenomena responsible for driving erosion, 2) Comprehensive understanding of effects of B4C-loaded polydimethylsiloxane variants used to process Ti6Al4V in the AFM process, including prediction equations containing numerically-verified second order interactions (factors for grit size, grain fraction and modifier concentration), 3) Equivalent understanding of machine factors providing energy input, studying velocity, temperature and quantity. Verified predictions are made from data collected in Ti6Al4V substrate material using response surface methodology, 4) Holistic method to translating process data in control-geometry to an arbitrary geometry for industrial gain, extending to a framework for collecting new data and integrating into current knowledge, and 5) Application of methodology using research-derived CFD, applied to complex geometry proven by measured process output. As a result of this project, four publications have been made to-date – two peer-reviewed journal papers and two peer-reviewed international conference papers. Further publications will be made from June 2014 onwards.

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Sörensen, Malin Helena. "Mesostructured particulate silica materials with tunable pore size : Synthesis, characterization and applications." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Ytkemi (stängd 20081231), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10089.

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Colloidal assemblies of surfactants and polymers in aqueous solutions have been used by human mankind for hundreds of years and they are of great importance in many of our technological processes, such as fabrication of soap and papermaking. Less than two decades ago the idea of using colloidal assemblies as templates of inorganic materials was borne. A new population of materials, referred to as surfactant templated materials, took form. These materials showed extraordinary properties such as monodisperse pore size distribution, large surface areas and pore volumes. The main focus of this thesis has been on synthesis and functionalisation of spherical mesostructured silica particulate materials. In the first part of the work, mesostructured materials with expanded pores have been produced using a well established aerosol-based method as well as the newly developed emulsion and solvent evaporation (ESE) method. Increase in pore size was realized through using Pluronic block copolymer F127 together with a swelling agent poly(propylene glycol) as template. The influence of the swelling agent on pore size expansion was shown to have a roughly linear relationship. Furthermore, the impact of synthesis parameters on internal and exterior morphology has been investigated. Accessibility of the internal pore space, as well as the external surface roughness were shown to be highly dependent on synthesis temperature. Additionally, a very interesting well ordered 3D closed packed (P63/mmc) material was produced using the ionic surfactant C16TAB as template in the ESE method. In the second part of the thesis work, mesoporous spheres with large pore size, having either hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface properties, were used as carriers of an enzyme, lipase. The enzymatic activity of lipase was increased onto the hydrophobic surface, compared to lipase immobilized into the hydrophilic support as well as for lipase free in solution. This effect was probably due to a combination of enhanced hydrophobic interactions preventing denaturation of the enzyme and interfacial activation of the enzyme. This study generated an inorganic carrier material that is a promising candidate for biocatalysis applications. Additionally, mesoporous spheres were used as carriers of a model drug, Ibuprofen, to study the effect of polyelectrolyte multilayers on release properties. However, these layers were shown impermeable independent on pH and the substance was only released from uncoated particles.

QC 20100811

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Martin, Lucile. "Etude de l'oxyde de cuivre CuO, matériau de conversion en film mince pour microbatteries au lithium : caractérisation des processus électrochimiques et chimiques en cyclage." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3027/document.

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Анотація:

La miniaturisation des appareils électroniques et la multiplication de leurs fonctionnalités conduisent à développer des microsources d’énergie adaptées, parmi lesquelles figurent les microbatteries au lithium. Malgré leurs excellentes performances, ces systèmes de stockage électrochimique tout solide restent toutefois limités en termes de capacité surfacique. Cette caractéristique étant intrinsèquement liée aux matériaux d’électrodes, nous avons choisi de nous intéresser à des couches minces de CuO, dont la capacité volumique théorique (426 µAh .cm-2.µm-1) est sensiblement plus élevée que celle des matériaux d’intercalation utilisés jusqu’à présent. Ce matériau réagit avec le lithium selon un mécanisme particulier, dit de conversion, qui induit la formation d’un système multiphasé et nanostructuré d’une grande complexité. Dans le cadre de ce travail, la compréhension des mécanismes électrochimiques et chimiques mis en jeu au cours du cyclage de couches minces d’oxyde de cuivre (CuO) a été l’objectif majeur. Celui-ci a nécessité une caractérisation fine du matériau actif d’électrode et des interfaces générées (interfaces solide/solide et interface solide/électrolyte). Ces études ont été principalement menées à partir de la Spectroscopie Photoélectronique à Rayonnement X (XPS), de la Microscopie à Force Atomique (AFM) et d’une modélisation théorique exploitant les méthodes de la chimie quantique. Les propriétés chimiques et morphologiques des couches minces de CuO cyclées ont été corrélées à leur comportement électrochimique. Une forte influence de leur structure et de leur morphologie initiales a pu être ainsi mise en évidence
The miniaturization of electronic components and the increasing number of their functionalities lead to the development of suitable energy microsources, among which lithium microbatteries appear. Despite the excellent performances of these all-solid-state electrochemical power sources, one main limitation that remains is their surface capacity. Its value being intrinsically connected to the nature of electrode materials, we chose to focus on CuO thin films which are characterized by a theoretical volumetric capacity (426 µAh .cm-2.µm-1) in far larger than the one of conventional intercalation materials used today. Indeed, this material reacts with lithium according to a particular mechanism, referred as conversion reaction, inducing the formation of a multiphase nanostructured system with a high complexity. In the framework of this study, understanding of electrochemical and chemical mechanisms which take place during the cycling of copper oxide thin films (CuO) was the main objective. This one has required a fine characterization of the electrode active material and the generated interfaces (solid/solid interfaces and solid/electrolyte interface). These studies have been mainly carried out with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and theoretical approaches based on quantum chemistry methods. The chemical and morphological properties of the cycled CuO thin films have been linked to their electrochemical behavior. An important influence of their initial structure and morphology was then evidenced

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Combes, Julien. "Etude de l'adhésion d'ostéoblastes sur substituts apatitiques par microscopie à force atomique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00445705.

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L'objectif de cette étude s'inscrit dans une démarche de développement de céramiques apatites phosphocalciques et de leur évaluation biologique. Les matériaux étudiés sont des hydroxyapatites silicatées ou carbonatés denses en monophasées. Il s'agit d'un travail interdisciplinaire, qui va de la synthèse et la mise en œuvre de matériaux céramiques à la biomécanique cellulaire et les essais de cultures cellulaires in vitro. La dimension originale du projet concerne le suivi de la réponse des cellules osseuses déposées sur ces céramiques par l'indentation à l'aide d'un AFM. Ces travaux montrent d'une part, que la bioactivité des matériaux étudiés était semblables et d'autre part, que la relaxation de cellules ensemencées sur TA6V et hydroxyapatite stochiométrique suivent une loi puissance (exposant ≈ 0.2) sur 2-200 secondes. La méthode originale utilisée montre par ailleurs que la relaxation d'une fibre d'actine est différentiable de la relaxation de la membrane cellulaire.

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Doskočilová, Veronika. "Využití agentů v business procesech." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124783.

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This work deals with the possibilities of using agents and multiagent systems in the areas of business process management and business process modeling. The aim of the theoretical part is to describe the theory of artificial agents, to assess the benefits of this approach and to describe current applications of MAS in BPM. In the theoretical part I also describe the issue of management and business process modeling and methodology MMABP. The aim of the analytical part is to summarize the possibilities of using MAS in BPM in the situations where business processes are already described and modeled and in the situations where there are no such descripctions nor models yet . In this part I also want to introduce my theory of agent-process, which is the possibility of looking at processes as autonomous agents. This theory is presented in practical demonstrations and examples by using the TROPOS methodology, and this theory is supported by references from the areas of agent and business process modeling.

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Dario, Alan de Genaro. "Processos de Cox com intensidade difusiva afim." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-01052013-111713/.

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Esta Tese explora o Processo de Cox quando sua intensidade pertence a uma família de difusões afim. A forma da funçâo densidade de Probabilidade do Processo de Cox é obtida quando a intensidade é descrita por uma difusão fim d-dimensional arbitrária. Analisa-se também o acoplamento e convergência para o Processo de Cox com intensidade afim. Para ilustrar assume-se que a intensidade do Processo é governada por uma difusão de Feller e resultados mais detalhados são obtidos. Adicionalmente, os parâmetros da intensidade do Processo são estimados por meio do Filtro de Kalman conjugado com o estimador de Quase-Máxima Verossimilhança.
This Thesis deals with the Cox Process when its intensity belongs to a family of affine diffusions. The form of the probability density function of the Cox process is obtained when the density is described by an arbitrary d-dimensional affine diffusion. Coupling and convergence results are also addressed for a general Cox process with affine intensity. We adopted the Feller diffusion for driving the underlying intensity of the Cox Process to illustrate our results. Additionally the parameters of the underlying intensity processes are estimated by means of the Kalman Filter in conjunction with Quasi-Maximum Likelihood estimation.

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Книги з теми "AFM PROCESS"

editor, Malik Lokendra, and Arora Manish editor, eds. The chief justice speaks: Selected judicial and extra-judicial reflections of Justice A.M. Ahmadi. Gurgaon, Haryana, India: Universal Law Publishing, an imprint of LexisNexis, 2016.

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MaryLynn, Jacobs, and Austin Noelle, eds. Splinting the hand and upper extremity: Principles and process. Baltimore, Md: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003.

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United States. Department of Justice, ed. Address of the Honorable Edwin Meese III, Attorney General of the United States before the American Bar Association, 10: 30 A.M., Tuesday, July 9, 1985, Sheraton Washington Hotel, Washington, D.C. [Washington, D.C.?]: Department of Justice, 1985.

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Meese, Edwin. Address of the Honorable Edwin Meese III, Attorney General of the United States before the American Bar Association, 10:30 A.M., Tuesday, July 9, 1985, Sheraton Washington Hotel, Washington, D.C. [Washington, D.C.?]: Dept. of Justice, 1985.

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Saral, Melek. Turkey's 'Self' and 'Other' Definitions in the Course of the EU Accession Process. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462981171.

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While Turkey in recent years has experienced an exhaustive accession process to join the EU -a long desired aim-, at the same time it has been increasing its involvement across the Middle East, leading to a debate over whether it is altering its focus from West to East. This book reveals that a shift in focus can be seen through analysis of the Turkish political elites' definitions of "self" and "other" that were established as part of the EU accession process. Melek Saral uses these definitions to help us better understand the shift that Turkey is currently undergoing.

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Babalis, Dimitra, ed. Ecological design for an effective urban regeneration. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/88-8453-146-2.

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In recent years, there is an expanding of attention to ecological matters regarding urban regeneration and development, planning and conservation processes by developing a range of appropriate key considerations aimed to a better quality of urban environments. It is now further considerable the aim at a comprehensive range of design issues for community strategies, local development frameworks and actions plans that can enhance quality of life. This book explore the conceptions on sustainable city and the attention that has to be paid by a responsive design process to urban regeneration and development.

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Langbein, Hermann. Auschwitz przed sądem: Proces w Frankfurcie nad Menem 1963-1965 : dokumentacja. Wrocław: Via Nova, 2011.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Final test report for the qualification of the gristblast assembly and process for the inside diameter of the RSRM forward and aft domes. Brigham City, UT: Thiokol Corporation Space Operations, 1992.

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Compliance review process and missile defense: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session, July 21, 1997. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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Conference on Thermal Analysis of Molten Aluminum (1984 Rosemont, Ill.). Thermal analysis of molten aluminum: A new in-process technique for quality control : proceedings of the AFS/CMI Conference, December 11-12, 1984, Sheraton International at O'Hare, Rosemont, Illinois. Des Plaines, IL: Cast Metals Institute, 1985.

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Yan, Yong Da, Tao Sun, and Shen Dong. "Study on Effects of the Feed on AFM-Based Nanomachining Process." In Materials Science Forum, 257–60. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-421-9.257.

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Matsumoto, Kazuhiko. "Room-Temperature Single-Electron Devices formed by AFM Nano-Oxidation Process." In Applied Scanning Probe Methods, 459–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35792-3_16.

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Yan, Yong Da, Tao Sun, Shen Dong, and Ying Chun Liang. "MD Analysis on Tip Geometry Effects in AFM-Based Lithography Process." In Progress of Precision Engineering and Nano Technology, 228–33. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-430-8.228.

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Kim, Y. S., S. O. Choi, S. R. Lee, and J. Kim. "An Atomic Simulation of AFM-Based Nano Lithography Process for Nano Patterning." In Solid Mechanics and its Applications, 331–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2111-4_32.

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Chaturvedi, Rishabh, and Pankaj Kumar Singh. "Analysis of the Factors Affecting MRR in AFM and Centrifugal Process Using Taguchi Method." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 393–99. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1328-2_36.

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Krüger, Daniel, Roger Rousseau, Dominik Marx, Harald Fuchs, and Michele Parrinello. "Car-Parrinello Density Functional Calculations of the Bond Rupture Process of Thiolate on Gold in AFM Measurements: Progress and First Results." In High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering 2000, 257–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56548-9_20.

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Sem, Helle Frisak, Steinar Carlsen, and Gunnar John Coll. "On Two Approaches to ACM." In Business Process Management Workshops, 12–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36285-9_3.

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Swenson, Keith D. "Position: BPMN Is Incompatible with ACM." In Business Process Management Workshops, 55–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36285-9_7.

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Großmann, K., A. Hardtmann, H. Wiemer, L. Penter, and S. Kriechenbauer. "Advanced Forming Process Model - AFPM." In Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, 383–401. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32448-2_17.

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Tran Thi Kim, Thanh, Erhard Weiss, Christoph Ruhsam, Christoph Czepa, Huy Tran, and Uwe Zdun. "Embracing Process Compliance and Flexibility Through Behavioral Consistency Checking in ACM." In Business Process Management Workshops, 43–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42887-1_4.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "AFM PROCESS"

Kizu, Ryosuke, Ichiko Misumi, Akiko Hirai, and Satoshi Gonda. "Photoresist shrinkage observation by a metrological tilting-AFM." In Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control XXXVII, edited by John C. Robinson and Matthew J. Sendelbach. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2655566.

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van Reijzen, Maarten E., Mehmet S. Tamer, Maarten H. van Es, Martijn M. C. J. M. van Riel, Sasan Keyvani, Hamed Sadeghian, and Marco van der Lans. "Improved sub-surface AFM using photothermal actuation." In Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXXIII, edited by Ofer Adan and Vladimir A. Ukraintsev. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2515441.

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Hu, Z. J., Y. D. Yan, Y. H. Zhang, T. Sun, and S. Dong. "Penetrating Process Analysis of AFM Diamond Tip." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21109.

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A mechanical micro-scratching system based on Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and three-dimensional high precision stage was built up. In the machining process with diamond tip, the process of depth controlling was determined by the relation between the loading movement of the stage and the tip penetration depth. By theoretical analysis of loading process with diamond tip, a mathematical model correlated loading movement and the penetration depth was founded, and the loading efficiency formula of elastic tip was also acquired. Verified by experiments, such equations reflected the indenting process of the system and provided theoretical basis on optimizing the penetration depth control arithmetic.

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Promyoo, Rapeepan, Hazim El-Mounayri, and Kody Varahramyan. "AFM-Based Nanoindentation Process: A Comparative Study." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7356.

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been widely used for nanomachining and fabrication of micro/nanodevices. This paper describes the development and validation of computational models for AFM-based nanomachining. Molecular Dynamics (MD) technique is used to model and simulate mechanical indentation at the nanoscale for different types of materials, including gold, copper, aluminum, and silicon. The simulation allows for the prediction of indentation forces at the interface between an indenter and a substrate. The effects of tip materials on machined surface are investigated. The material deformation and indentation geometry are extracted based on the final locations of the atoms, which have been displaced by the rigid tool. In addition to the modeling, an AFM was used to conduct actual indentation at the nanoscale, and provide measurements to which the MD simulation predictions can be compared. The MD simulation results show that surface and subsurface deformation found in the case of gold, copper and aluminum have the same pattern. However, aluminum has more surface deformation than other materials. Two different types of indenter tips including diamond and silicon tips were used in the model. More surface and subsurface deformation can be observed for the case of nanoindentation with diamond tip. The indentation forces at various depths of indentation were obtained. It can be concluded that indentation force increases as depth of indentation increases. Due to limitations on computational time, the quantitative values of the indentation force obtained from MD simulation are not comparable to the experimental results. However, the increasing trends of indentation force are the same for both simulation and experimental results.

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Breton, Mary A., Jennifer Fullam, Lan Yu, Dexin Kong, Daniel Schmidt, Andrew Greene, Liying Jiang, Sean Hand, and Jason Osborne. "AFM characterization for Gate-All-Around (GAA) devices." In Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXXIV, edited by Ofer Adan and John C. Robinson. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2551931.

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Cao, Zhenle, Wyatt Sullivan, Benjamin D. Bunday, and David Morris. "Parallel MEMS AFM for high-throughput semiconductor metrology and inspection." In Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control XXXVII, edited by John C. Robinson and Matthew J. Sendelbach. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2658485.

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Cerbu, Dorin, Kristof Paredis, Alain Moussa, Anne-Laure Charley, and Philippe Leray. "Deep learning-enabled vertical drift artefact correction for AFM images." In Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control XXXVI, edited by John C. Robinson and Matthew J. Sendelbach. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2614029.

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Cao, Zhenle, Wyatt Sullivan, Benjamin D. Bunday, and David Morris. "Parallel MEMS AFM for high-throughput semiconductor metrology and inspection (Erratum)." In Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control XXXVII, edited by John C. Robinson and Matthew J. Sendelbach. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3005374.

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Liu, Hao-Chih, David Fong, Gregory A. Dahlen, Marc Osborn, Sean Hand, and Jason R. Osborne. "Carbon nanotube AFM probes for microlithography process control." In SPIE 31st International Symposium on Advanced Lithography, edited by Chas N. Archie. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.656807.

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Kizu, Ryosuke, Ichiko Misumi, Akiko Hirai, and Satoshi Gonda. "Comparison of SEM and AFM performances for LER reference metrology." In Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXXIV, edited by Ofer Adan and John C. Robinson. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2551468.

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Hedgecock, Nancy S. Hexavalent Chromium Reduction Pretreatment Process Evaluation, Randolph AFB, Texas. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada228805.

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Sisterson, Douglas. ARM Lead Mentor Selection Process and Key Roles and Responsibilities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1418462.

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Baca, Ana. Assessment of AFM - KPFM and SSRM for Measuring and Characterizing Materials Aging Processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1733233.

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Smith, F. G. Am/Cm Vitrification Process: Vitrification Material Balance Calculations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/775070.

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Smith, F. G. Am/Cm Vitrification Process: Pretreatment Material Balance Calculations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/775071.

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Smith, F. G. Am/Cm Vitrification Process: Vitrification Material Balance Calculations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/760271.

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Smith, F. G. Am/Cm Vitrification Process: Pretreatment Material Balance Calculations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/760272.

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McHale, James, Timothy A. Chick, and Eugene Miluk. Implementation Guidance for the Accelerated Improvement Method (AIM). Software Engineering Process Management: Special Report. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada536176.

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Kroll, Joshua A. ACM TechBrief: Facial Recognition Technology. ACM, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3520137.

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Facial recognition is not a monolithic technology or a particular technique. Rather, facial recognition refers to any technology that automatically processes and purports to identify faces in images or videos. While humans interpret faces easily, computers must extract patterns from data or humans must code patterns into the system. Applying these patterns yields the facial descriptors (often referred to as faceprints) on which facial recognition systems rely to achieve their function.

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Dooraghi, Michael R., Afshin M. Andreas, Mark C. Kutchenreiter, Ibrahim M. Reda, Marta Stoddard, Manajit Sengupta, and Aron M. Habte. Broadband Outdoor Radiometer Calibration (BORCAL) Process for the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program: Second Edition. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1494284.

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