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Статті в журналах з теми "Aéronautique – Facteur humain":
Renouard, Franck, and Edith Perrault-Pierre. "Le comportement humain : première cause de complication en pratique médicale ?" L'Orthodontie Française 87, no. 1 (March 2016): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/orthodfr/2015037.
Cadre, B., G. Dubey, B. Thierry, and F. Simon. "Réinventer les facteurs humains aéronautiques en chirurgie cervico-faciale." Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale 140, no. 2 (April 2023): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aforl.2022.06.003.
Дисертації з теми "Aéronautique – Facteur humain":
Bernard, Fabien. "Intégration du facteur humain en maintenabilité aéronautique : apports des outils de simulation." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCA015.
Maintainability, the entity of the design office anticipates the future maintenance of a product, is interested more and more in Human Factors. To do this, in a multi-disciplinary context with a strong engineering and design focus, the maintenance stakeholders try to understand the future activity of the maintenance operators and anticipate the potential risk exposures only through their specific knowledge. Our research question was formulated in this context as "how to better integrate human factor in the development and design process of maintainability, where the stakeholders are neither trained nor familiarized with the human factor and ergonomics." Four significant axes of this study that was conducted in a French helicopter company are: (1) studying how human factor is already integrated into aviation maintainability; (2) understanding the limitations and strengths of simulation tools (digital human modeling, virtual reality, physical model) widely used for ergonomics purposes; (3) proposing an innovative approach (consists of a methodology and a tool) to improve the integration of human factors into maintainability by non-experts in ergonomics; (4) testing this approach to determine its effectiveness on the design process in the maintainability department. These axes allowed us to answer our research questions and thus contribute to the improvement of the human factor integration in maintainability
Constans, Florian. "Méthodologie de conception d'un système d'assistance au pilotage, application à l'aéronautique civile : sécurisation des phases d'approche et d'atterrissage." Toulouse, ISAE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ESAE0015.
Doniat, Christophe. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'une méthodologie d'analyse systématique des vols centrée facteur humain : le système S-ethos." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30081.
Steiner, Kelly. "Étude des mécanismes du contrôle sensorimoteur pour la spécification de nouvelles métriques d'évaluation du coût cognitif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS064.
In the field of aeronautics, and particularly in neuro-ergonomics, assessment of the cognitive load on pilots is essential to reduce flight risks and improve the design/understanding of cockpit elements (flight controls, pilot aids). The complexity of the piloting task (sensorimotor and cognitive aspects) determines the workload associated with different flight situations, through flight qualities. The latter can be defined as the ease with which an aircraft can be controlled by the pilot. This notion of ease is assessed by the pilot's cognitive workload when controlling the aircraft's movement. There are various types of measures of this cognitive load, such as subjective, physiological or performance measures, but it is mainly subjective measures that are used. All these measures of cognitive load have their advantages and limitations in aeronautical applications, where the environment is highly demanding and constraining. Thus, a pilot action control approach could be complementary to these more particularly subjective measures of workload.To establish an activity-dependent measure, it is necessary to have a detailed, multi-level understanding of the action control mechanisms associated with variation in cognitive load. This approach could improve the limitations of some existing measures. In this context, Fitts' law represents an interesting tool for studying motor behavior during movement execution in conditions with standardized environments involving variations in cognitive load. With this method, it is possible to characterize the relationship between certain motor control mechanisms and the measure of cognitive load associated with the task.The aim of this thesis is to provide metrics for assessing cognitive load, based on the modeling and characterization of motor control mechanisms observed in stick activity. This study is conducted by investigating the relationship between aspects of motor control (kinematics, electromyography) and the measurement of cognitive load (NASA-TLX questionnaire) across different levels of environmental constraints.To establish this approach, we had the following objectives: (1) to characterize the relationship between task difficulty, motor control and movement optimality (kinematics, EMG), (2) to characterize the relationship between the different levels of movement analysis and measures of workload more classically used in the field of ergonomics (NASA-TLX), then to describe their sensitivity to task difficulty, (3) to evaluate our metrics in the context of an ecological helicopter flight situation. To address the first two thesis objectives, we carried out an initial laboratory experiment. This experiment was a classic Fitts reciprocal pointing task. To meet the last objective, we carried out flight tests involving an ADS33 maneuver similar to a Fitts task in the field
Bourgy, Marthe. "L'adaptation cognitive et l’improvisation dans les environnements dynamiques : pour une intégration de l’expérience sensible dans les modèles de l’activité experte." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA084127.
Dealing with the unexpected is now a major concern in complex systems. The role of improvisation in this form of adaptation is recognized in the literature. This thesis tries to clarify the nature of improvisation at the individual level. The applied goal is to improve expert decision making in unforeseen situations. The thesis points a limit of the cognitive approach of adaptation. In this view, a relevant representation of the situation at stake is a prerequisite to adaptive decision making. But such appropriate representations are difficult to build in unforeseen situations because structuring schemas are lacking and attentional resources are too limited to process all the available information. Moreover, the cognitive control function cannot entirely solve the relevance problem because it is based on representations as well. To go out of this deadlock, it is proposed to extend the cognitive model of adaptation. Rooted in sensitive experience, intuition is situated below the level of representation. It can catch both the global and unique nature of experienced situations. Consequently, anchoring the cognitive system in sensitive experience could help this one to select relevant information in unforeseen situations. A study on simulator in the field of combat aviation is presented. Differences in the quality of expert pilots’ improvisations are observed and related to differences in their level of receptivity to sensitive experience. Classic factors, such as expertise level, are also analysed. Results confirm a model of improvisation that combines representation and sensitive experience
Durantin, Gautier. "Contrôle de l’état attentionnel en conditions aéronautiques écologiques par imagerie cérébrale." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0021/document.
The attentional state of operators is one of the main reasons for errors during human control of complex systems, and controlling these errors is critical especially in aeronautics, where errors are directly linked to safety and lives might be at stake. In particular, excessively high or low task demands encountered during the operation of such systems result in varying levels of mental workload and engagement which are linked with the operator performance. This research project adopts a Neuroergonomics approach and investigates the use of brain measurement techniques to monitor the attentional state of the operator under ecological conditions. We studied the behavior of the operator under both excessively low and high task demands with the use of multiple physiological and neurophysiological measurement techniques. Our results show that it is possible to use such techniques to characterize the attentional state. We then analyze the potential of real time application for such techniques. We investigated signal processing and analysis tools to improve the real-time usability of brain signals in ecological conditions, and proposed solutions towards the development of brain computer interfaces for assisting the human operator
Guéron, David. "Modélisation d'activités et agrégation de profils de vol." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30044.
Aggregating activities in order to identify categories of behaviour is a major topic of actual complex socio-technical systems. The key issue lies in incorporating the variability of implied human operators in the synthesis of ways of doing (or praxis). Aggregation of piloting activities is directed to allow a faster and more secure determination of procedures enhancing flight security and mission efficiency; it is based on the objective data of flight parameters recorded during significant flight phases, and is carried under thorough expert interpretation.A Supervised Aggregation model, consisting in the 3 steps of 1) decomposition, 2) maieutics, and 3) reconstruction, is thus devised in the present PhD. At the heart of this aggregation process, the 2nd maieutic step generalizes and enriches the usual concept of ''mean'', deeply related to probabilistic approaches: a set of activities analyzed and characterized by the expert, the learning basis, is related to significant patterns in the lot of recorded flight parameter values, in other words the praxis resulting of the aggregation of the activities. The patterns are selected from a collection of customizable generic patterns, whose thresholds are incrementally adjusted using the learning basis. The obtained patterns are then assessed according to the three criteria of 1) coherence and 2) likelihood of the thresholds, as well as the 3) conformity of these patterns used on the learning basis. At this stage, groups among the studied behaviours might emerge, gathering those for which an activity would be depicted by similar patterns. Expert-knowledge must be generalized in order to perform the joint analysis of several key points in this maieutic step.This generic model defines an activity as a formal structure of praxis, paving the way towards the further developments of the process, through the enrichment of the 3rd step, incorporating the multiplicity of operating roles
Giraudet, Louise. "Caractérisation de la surdité inattentionnelle, application à la sécurité aérienne." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0030/document.
The analysis of airplane accidents has recently highlighted the crucial role of humanoperators, their mistakes having potential dramatic consequences. A specific type ofhuman error remains little discussed: inattentional deafness, which is defined as thetemporary inability to hear or to become aware of auditory information. In aeronautics,this cognitive failure is obviously critical because it can lead to the omission of auditoryalarms. The first challenge of this research project is to define behavioral and physiologicalcharacteristics of inattentional deafness. For this purpose, we focused on the twofundamental jobs in aviation safety and subjected to auditory alarms: piloting and airtraffic control. We planned to highlight the contextual conditions favoring the appearanceof inattentional deafness, in particular the operators' workload. A second challenge was toidentify potential adaptation in the interfaces with pilots and air traffic controllers toprevent or limit the apparition inattentional deafness. To address these issues, threeexperiments were conducted. The first experiment studied the impact of workload on thetreatment of auditory alarms during a landing task. It was determined that P3b was anindicator of deafness. The second experiment focused on the impact of design visualalarms on cognitive processing abilities auditory alarms, as part of air traffic control. Theresults showed a restoration of auditory P300 with the enhanced visual design us. Finally,the last experiment tested the relevance of eye measurements to detect contexts favoringinattentional deafness. These results open promising possibilities for prevention anddetection of inattentional deafness in critical positions of aviation safety
Perret, Viviane. "Élaboration et validation de critères ergonomiques pour les Interactions Homme Système Simplexe." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20028.
The aeronautical field is clearly a complex system; a complexity that should be extended in the coming years with the increased traffic and the autonomy diversification of the aircraft. The complexity is embedded in the technological systems design in order to enable the operators to define in an effective, efficient and satisfactory way a solution facing challenges posed by the complexity of the reality on their performance and safety. These properties are those of a system that we name here simplex. Nevertheless, the current available methods in ergonomics to assess Human-Simplex System Interactions (HSSI) are limited face the Human Oriented Approach of Complexity. In this regard, we focused on the development of ergonomic criteria in support of the human factors specialists’ diagnosis task. The criteria definition followed a user-centred design process by involving 4 Human Factors specialists from the industrial and university sector throughout the whole design and assessment process. A primary version has been built by following the Grounded Theory methodology. Then, the criteria have been successively updated after 3 assessments. Two studies focused on the usability level of the criteria. They were based on an assignment task of aeronautical problems to the elementary criteria proposed. A study focused on the reliability and valid level of the criteria to identify problems. It was based on an inspection task carried out with an aeronautical concept and a system from the general public. The set of these studies has been performed with 39 Human Factors specialists and 22 engineers involved in Human Complex System Interactions This work led to the development of 26 elementary criteria dealing with the adaptability properties of the system (i.e., adapted and adaptive). The results highlight that the criteria are reliable, valid and usable as a method assisting the human factors specialist diagnosis, but their usability level still requires to be improved
Hosseini, Shahrzad. "Human-robotic performance quantification under time-delay for lunar mission control scenarios." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ESAE0019.
The Space Exploration Strategy of the Agency requires an affordable and efficient approach to operating and controlling space systems. In the exploration programme an optimum approach to integrate human decision makers in orbit and on the ground must be found. In the proposed activity the next logical step is taken: a systematic analysis of existing experimental data and execution of new experiments to find the most efficient and affordable approach to human-robotic integrated technology and operations. In a first phase, existing experimental data from METERON, but also large datasets from non- space operations will be processed to provide a clear metric of operations performance with respect to quantitative parameters of communication link properties, robotic asset capabilities, level of automation, and operator environment. The second phase of the study will define and implement affordable ground-based experiments with robotic assets deployed in analogue environments and operators hosted in a simulation environment. The third and final phase of the activity will culminate in the drafting of three documents in addition to the PhD thesis: 1) Crew-training manual for operating human-robotic technology on ESA exploration missions 2) Guideline for assessing human performance for human-robotic operations in the frame of astronaut selection 3) Human-robotic technology assessment document
Книги з теми "Aéronautique – Facteur humain":
Emeyriat, Bernard. Facteurs humains en sécurité aérienne. Mont-Royal, Québec: Modulo, 1997.
Canada. Transport Canada. Safety and Security. Human factors for aviation: Basic handbook. Ottawa]: Transport Canada, 1996.
L, Wiener Earl, Kanki Barbara G. 1948-, and Helmreich Robert L, eds. Cockpit resource management. San Diego: Academic Press, 1993.
Koonce, Jefferson M. Human factors in the training of pilots. London: Taylor & Francis, 2002.
Landry, Steven J. Advances in human aspects of aviation. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2012.
Seamster, Thomas L. Applied cognitive task analysis in aviation. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate, 1997.
Seamster, Thomas L. Applied cognitive task analysis in aviation. Aldershot, England: Avebury Aviation, 1997.
Pratt, Jeremy M. The private pilot's licence course. (Wilmslow): (Airplan Flight Equipment), 1996.
Pratt, Jeremy M. The private pilot's licence course. Wilmslow: Airplan Flight Equipment, 1995.
Bagshaw, M., R. D. Campbell, and Michel Messud. Facteurs humains en aéronautique. Performances et limitations humaines. CEPADUES, 1995.