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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 17 листопада 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Adverse side effects"

1

Hollister, J., and Suzanne Bowyer. "Adverse Side Effects of Corticosteroids." Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 8, no. 04 (April 1987): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1012680.

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2

FLAKER, GREG C., and DOUGLAS CHAPMAN. "Adverse Side Effects Associated with Mexiletine." Clinical Progress in Electrophysiology and Pacing 4, no. 6 (December 1986): 602–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1986.tb01740.x.

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3

Huang, Liang-Chin, Xiaogang Wu, and Jake Y. Chen. "Predicting adverse side effects of drugs." BMC Genomics 12, Suppl 5 (2011): S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-s5-s11.

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4

Rowe, Jonathan A., Matthew G. Hattenhauer, and David C. Herman. "Adverse Side Effects Associated With Latanoprost." American Journal of Ophthalmology 124, no. 5 (November 1997): 683–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(14)70907-9.

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5

Robertson, Deborah. "Side effects and adverse drug reactions." Nurse Prescribing 15, no. 10 (October 2, 2017): 512–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/npre.2017.15.10.512.

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6

Pichler, W. J. "Adverse side-effects to biological agents." Allergy 61, no. 8 (August 2006): 912–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01058.x.

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7

Beaumont, G., S. Kasper, J. O'Hanlon, and J. Mendlewicz. "Antidepressant side effects and adverse reactions." Depression 2, no. 3 (1994): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/depr.3050020305.

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8

M.C. Besag, Frank. "Editorial (Adverse Effects, Adverse Events and Side-Effects: Does the Terminology Matter?" Current Drug Safety 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157488611794479964.

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9

Cookson, John. "Side-effects of Antidepressants." British Journal of Psychiatry 163, S20 (July 1993): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000292325.

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The adverse effects of antidepressants include their pharmacological side-effects, toxic effects, interactions with other drugs, and symptoms occurring during their withdrawal. The focus of this paper is on the pharmacological side-effects.
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10

Kovalenko, E. I., I. B. Kononenko, A. V. Snegovoi, O. P. Grebennikova, and L. V. Manzyuk. "Adverse effects of adjuvant endocrine therapy." Medical Council, no. 10 (July 19, 2018): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2018-10-64-69.

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Hormonal therapy is a highly effective and well tolerable treatment of hormone-responsive breast cancer. However, it has some side effects that can affect quality of life and lead to treatment discontinuation. Common side effects of tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors are discussed in this article: menopausal, gynecological symptoms, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal adverse events. Some of them are preventable and manageable. In order to maintain good quality of life during treatment the oncologists should pay more attention to the side effects that lead to it’s deterioration and not be too anxious about insignificant ones.
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Дисертації з теми "Adverse side effects"

1

Lau, Phyllis Min-yu. "Adverse drug reactions in oncology." Monash University, Dept. of Pharmacy Practice, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5549.

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2

Ödmark, Inga-Stina. "Hormone replacement therapy : benefits and adverse effects." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Obstetrik och gynekologi, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-243.

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Background: Numerous studies have shown that estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is an effective treatment for vasomotor symptoms, insomnia and vaginal dryness. Beneficial effects have also been shown on lipid patterns and on the incidence of osteoporotic fractures. As ERT increases the risk of endometrial adenocarcinoma, combinations with various progestogens have been developed in order to protect the endometrium. However, the addition of progestogens tends to reduce the beneficial effects of estrogens on mood, cognition and lipid metabolism. The added progestogen often causes side effects such as irritability and depression. There is evidence that the effect on wellbeing varies between women and with the type of progestogen used. Women who prefer to avoid withdrawal bleedings can be given continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Unfortunately, irregular bleedings are common at the beginning of treatment and reduces compliance. Recently, several studies have reported an increased risk of breast cancer and venous thrombosis, and therefore long-term treatment with HRT for women without climacteric symptoms is no longer recommended. The ongoing debate has, for the time being, resulted in a recommendation that improving quality of life (QoL) by treatment of climacteric symptoms should be the only indication for prescribing HRT. Aims and methods: The aims of the study were to investigate bleeding patterns, changes in wellbeing at onset and during long-term treatment, and lipid and lipoprotein profiles with two different types of continuous combined HRT. In addition, women starting, and women switching from mainly sequential HRT were compared. The design was a randomised, double-blind, one year, prospective, multicentre study including 249 healthy postmenopausal women who were given continuous daily oral treatment with either combined 0.625mg conjugated estrogen (CE) and 5mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or combined 2mg 17β - estradiol (E2) and 1mg norethisterone acetate (NETA). Bleedings, if any, were recorded daily throughout the study. The main outcome measures (changes in wellbeing and climacteric symptoms) consisted of daily ratings of 12 items on a validated symptom scale. Serum concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins were measured at baseline and after one year of treatment. Results and conclusions: The majority of drop-outs were confined to the first three months, and the main reasons were bleedings and/or decreased wellbeing. Drop-outs were three times more common in the E2/NETA group. During the first month, 67% of the women reported irregular bleedings. The number of bleeding days decreased on both treatments during the first four months. Treatment with CE/MPA resulted in less irregular bleedings and a shorter time to amenorrhoea compared to E2/NETA. As expected, "starters" experienced more sweats than "switchers" at the onset of treatment, but both groups improved significantly. Side effects such as breast tenderness, swelling, depression and irritability appeared during the first treatment week in both groups. The side effects of HRT appeared much more quickly than the benefits and were more frequent in women with a history of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Breast tenderness was more common in the E2/NETA group throughout the whole study period. Apart from that, there were no differences between the two treatment regimens as regards effects on well-being at the end of the study. Lipoprotein(a) levels, an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, decreased in both treatment groups. Triglyceride levels increased in women treated with CE/MPA, and levels of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein fell in the E2/NETA group. In conclusion, treatment with E2/NETA caused more bleeding problems than treatment with CE/MPA. CE/MPA was better tolerated than E2/NETA at the beginning of the study, but among the women remaining in the study there was no difference in QoL between the two treatment groups. HRT counselling should take into account that a history of PMS increases the likelihood of side effects and that these may precede any beneficial effects. Both treatments produced beneficial effects on lipid and lipoprotein levels, and neither of the regimens was superior in this respect.
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Kunac, Desirée L., and n/a. "Adverse drug events and medication errors in a paediatric inpatient population." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060707.161220.

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Background. Medication-related patient injuries (adverse drug events, ADEs) are an important problem in all hospitalised populations; however, the potential for injury is reported to be greater in children than adults. Many ADEs are due to error and therefore could be prevented. Data regarding the risk factors (or predictors) for these events in paediatric inpatients is limited. It was hypothesised that "identification of risk factors for ADEs and medication errors in the paediatric inpatient setting will inform likely prevention strategies". Aims. To determine the frequency, nature and risk factors for ADEs and potential ADEs occurring in a paediatric inpatient population; to assess the vulnerable processes in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) medication use process; and to provide recommendations for the targeting of likely prevention strategies. Setting. A general paediatric ward (PW), postnatal ward (PNW) and NICU of a University- affiliated urban general hospital. Design. There were two study components: the medEVENT study which involved identification of actual ADEs and potential ADEs over a twelve week period, through prospective review of medical records, medication charts and administration records along with voluntary and solicited staff report and parent interview; and the FMEA study which used a proactive risk assessment technique, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), to rank all potential failures in the NICU medication use process according to risk. Results. In the MedEVENT study 3160 prescription episodes were reviewed (which represented 520 admissions, 3037 patient-days) and revealed a total of 67 ADEs and 77 potential ADEs. The greatest number of events occurred in NICU with very few events in the PNW. However, paediatric surgical admissions experienced the highest rate of ADEs per 1000 patient-days (80) as compared to medical (65) then NICU admissions (19). Over half of the ADEs were deemed preventable, 38 (57%), with the �more serious� ADEs more likely to be preventable than �not serious� ADEs. The impact on hospital resources was considerable with the cost attributed to extra bed days due to ADEs to be $NZD 50,000. Dosing errors were the most common type of error, particularly when prescribing and administering medications. Antibacterial and narcotic analgesics were commonly implicated, as was the intravenous route of administration. Few events were related to unlicensed use of medications. For ADEs, the major risk factors when analysed by admission, were greater medication exposure and increasing age; by prescription, were increasing age, oral route and narcotics and antibacterial agents; for paediatric ward admission, were increasing age and increased length of stay; and for NICU admission, no major risk factors emerged. For potential ADEs, the major risk factors when analysed by admission were greater medication exposure; by prescription, were junior prescriber, intravenous route, narcotics and antibacterials; for paediatric ward admission, were junior prescriber and narcotics; and for NICU admission were antibacterials, electrolytes and umbilical venous catheter administration. Neither ADEs nor potential ADEs were associated with unlicensed use of medicines or high alert status drugs. The FMEA study identified 72 potential failures in the NICU medication use process with 193 associated causes and effects. Multiple failures were possible in the process of �prescribing medication� and in the process of �preparation of medication for administration�. The highest ranking issues were found to occur at the administration stage. Common potential failures related to errors in the dose, timing of administration, infusion pump settings and route of administration. Conclusions. Analysis of the risk factors of ADEs and potential ADEs found that the most vulnerable processes were when prescribing and when preparing a medicine for administration; especially when involving narcotic and antibacterial agents and for children with greater medication exposure Strategies that selectively target these high risk areas are therefore likely to have the greatest impact on preventing drug-related injuries in hospitalised children.
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Jarernsiripornkul, Narumol. "Pharmacist input into patients' self-reporting of adverse drug reactions." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2717.

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Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common and should be reported to the CSM, particularly for newly marketed drugs. There is under-reporting of ADRs by doctors. Involving the patient in self-reporting, particularly when initiated by pharmacists is feasible and could help to improve reporting rates. This study investigated a comprehensive checklist questionnaire listed symptoms in all body systems to facilitate patient self-reporting using both established and new 'black triangle' centrally-acting drugs. Symptoms reported were compared to their documentation in medical notes and for new drugs to reports from other sources. A novel classification system for ADRs was developed to take account of the minimal data available and used to evaluate the potential accuracy of symptom attribution by patients. An external comparison of a sample of symptom classifications by an ADR expert was also obtained. The questionnaire was sent to 464 patients prescribed carbamazepine, sodium valproate, trazodone, doxepin and co-proxamol from three participating medical practices in a pilot study. Subsequently, it was sent to all patients (n=2307) prescribed tramadol, fentanyl patch, venlafaxine, nefazodone, citalopram, moclobemide, gabapentin, lamotrigine and topiramate from 79 participating medical practices in Grampian during January-March 1997. The overall response rates were 44.6% (n=207) for the pilot study and 36.3% (n=837) for the main study. The most frequently reported symptoms were: drowsiness for carbamazepine, unusual tiredness for sodium valproate, constipation for co-proxamol, dry mouth for trazodone, doxepin, tramadol, venlafaxine, nefazodone, moclobemide and citalopram, weight gain for gabapentin, loss of memory for lamotrigine, weight loss for topiramate and constipation for fentanyl patch. Overall only 22.4% (522/2330) of symptoms reported by patients were recorded by GPs in the 310 medical notes accessed. In general, common symptoms were reported more frequently by patients than in CSM reports and PEM data. Patients tended to report minor and known ADRs which bothered them, while CSM and PEM reports received were of more severe ADRs. Respondents were more likely to report symptoms (6040/8630,70%) potentially caused by the study drugs than those not to be caused by the study drugs. Moderate agreement (Kappa = 0.4-0.5) was found between expert and researcher classifications of symptom causality. It is suggested that interpretation by pharmacists of patient self-reporting using the checklist questionnaire could result in much higher ADR reporting rates, in particular for new drugs.
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5

Ng, Fook-hong, and 吳福康. "Management of adverse gastrointestinal events in patients with anti-platelet therapy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41290963.

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6

Gyenes, Gábor. "Cardiac side-effects of adjuvant radiotherapy for early breast cancer /." [Budapest] ; Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/963-9106-04-6.

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7

Björn, Inger. "Hormone replacement therapy and effects on mood." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Obstetrik och gynekologi, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-94115.

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Background: During the past 5 decades, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used, and appreciated for its beneficial effects, by millions of women in their menopause. As treatment for climacteric symptoms, estrogen is outstanding, and effects on hot flushes, vaginal dryness, and insomnia have been widely documented. The increased risks of venous thrombosis and breast cancer, however, restrict the use of estrogen. Estrogen treatment in women with a remaining uterus includes a progestin, added to protect the endometrium from hyperplasia and malignancies. The long-standing clinical impression, that progestin addition negatively influences mood, has been discussed in previous studies. Mood deterioration is, however, not mortal, although mood is important to the wellbeing and daily functioning of women treated with hormones. Studies of the mental side effects of HRT add to our understanding of steroid effects in the brain. Aims and methods: In our studies, we aimed to establish to what extent negative side effects cause women to discontinue HRT, and find out which drug compounds lead to mood deterioration. The questions asked were whether the type and dose of progestin and the estrogen dose during the progestin addition influence the mood and physical symptoms during sequential HRT. Compliance with HRT and reasons for discontinuing the therapy were evaluated in a retrospective longitudinal follow-up study. Treatment effects were studied in three randomized, double-blind, cross-over trials. During continuous estrogen treatment, effects of sequential addition of a progestin were studied by comparing two different progestins, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) andnorethisterone acetate (NETA), comparing different doses of the same progestin, MPA, and comparing two doses of estrogen during addition of the same dose of MPA. The main outcome measure was the daily rating on mood and physical symptoms kept by the participants throughout the studies. The clinical trials were carried out at three gynecological centers in northern Sweden. Results and conclusions: Besides fear of cancer and a wish to determine whether climacteric symptoms had meanwhile disappeared, negative side effects was the most common reason or discontinuing HRT. Tension in the breasts, weight gain, a depressed mood, abdominal bloating, and irritability were the most important side effects seen both in women who continued HRT and in women who had discontinued the therapy. In our clinical trials, we showed that addition of a progestin to estrogen treatment induces cyclic mood swings characterized by tension, irritability, and depression, as well as increased breast tension, bloatedness, and hot flushes. Women with a history of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) appeared to be more sensitive to the progestin addition and responded with lower mood scores compared with women without previous PMS. In our studies, MPA provoked depressed mood to a lesser extent than did NETA. Surprisingly, the higher dose of MPA (20 mg) enhanced the mood, compared with 10 mg, when added to estrogen treatment. In women continuously treated with 3 mg estradiol, mood and physical symptoms worsened during the progestin addition, as compared with treatment with 2 mg estradiol. The negative side effects seen during sequential HRT have much in common with symptoms seen in the premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is a psychoneuroendocrine disorder with psychiatric expression. Explanations for treatment effects on mood are likely to be found in drug interactions with neurotransmitter systems of the brain.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2003


digitalisering@umu
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8

O'Brien, Michelle University of Ballarat. "A study of multiple perspectives and knowledge in adverse drug reaction decision-making : Volume 1." University of Ballarat, 2004. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12769.

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Injury and illness associated with drugs are major problems in Australia and around the world, despite significant developments in the area of adverse drug reaction (ADR) decision support technology. The aims of this thesis are: to investigate the ADR decision domain; to determine factors that may assist in the prevention, detection and management of ADRs; and, to inform the pre-requirements analysis phase of the development of decision support systems. An approach has been taken that permits open and grounded study of the decision environment. This approach can then be used to frame and inform the design of an ADR decision support system. Fifteen case studies that comprise self selected consumers, the treating medical practitioner/s and expert perspectives of a single instance of an ADR (fifteen in-depth consumer interviews, eight in-depth medical practitioner interviews and 30 expert written questionnaires), have been collected and analysed using a grounded theory approach, a symbolic interactionist theoretical framework and a social constructionist epistemology. The analysis was performed from three perspectives: individual case study analysis (all interviews for an instance of an ADR); group analysis (consumer, medical practitioner and expert views) and analysis combining the individual case studies and groups of data. Concepts, themes and theory have emerged from these data in the following areas: • the contribution of the differences in understanding of the core concepts within this domain, to misunderstandings between decision-makers; • the consumer as a diagnostic decision-maker in the ADR decision domain; • differential diagnostic strategies used by the consumers and medical practitioners; • complexities in the ADR decision domain that make diagnosis difficult; • the role of ADR information in consumer and medical practitioner decision-making; • decision types used by consumers and medical practitioners in the ADR decision domain; • resources used by consumers, medical practitioners and experts to inform their ADR decisions; • decision-making with partial knowledge of the consumer case history, drug behaviour and diseases; • the impact of suspected ADRs on consumers and on future decision-making; • medical practitioner/consumer decision-making models; and, • reasons for low ADR reporting and the impact on the development of new ADR knowledge. The results above suggest the following: • The ADR decision domain is more complex than the current ADR decision support focus and that broadening this focus may assist in providing a more complete and useful decision support solution. • Improving the prevention, detection and management of ADRs requires more than providing prescribers with up to date ADR information. Other important factors are sharing of information, awareness of the role of the consumer, a collaborative approach between the consumers and medical practitioners, and generation of new ADR knowledge. • A grounded theory analysis of case study data using the theoretical perspectives of social constructionism and symbolic interactionism provided insight into this domain from the perspectives of multiple decision-makers. This may be an approach that can be used by systems analysts to inform the requirements analysis phases of decision support within other domains. The results of this qualitative work are preliminary. Future work is required to confirm and expand these results.
Doctor of Philosophy
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9

O'Brien, Michelle. "A study of multiple perspectives and knowledge in adverse drug reaction decision-making : Volume 1." Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2004. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/36308.

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Анотація:
Injury and illness associated with drugs are major problems in Australia and around the world, despite significant developments in the area of adverse drug reaction (ADR) decision support technology. The aims of this thesis are: to investigate the ADR decision domain; to determine factors that may assist in the prevention, detection and management of ADRs; and, to inform the pre-requirements analysis phase of the development of decision support systems. An approach has been taken that permits open and grounded study of the decision environment. This approach can then be used to frame and inform the design of an ADR decision support system. Fifteen case studies that comprise self selected consumers, the treating medical practitioner/s and expert perspectives of a single instance of an ADR (fifteen in-depth consumer interviews, eight in-depth medical practitioner interviews and 30 expert written questionnaires), have been collected and analysed using a grounded theory approach, a symbolic interactionist theoretical framework and a social constructionist epistemology. The analysis was performed from three perspectives: individual case study analysis (all interviews for an instance of an ADR); group analysis (consumer, medical practitioner and expert views) and analysis combining the individual case studies and groups of data. Concepts, themes and theory have emerged from these data in the following areas: • the contribution of the differences in understanding of the core concepts within this domain, to misunderstandings between decision-makers; • the consumer as a diagnostic decision-maker in the ADR decision domain; • differential diagnostic strategies used by the consumers and medical practitioners; • complexities in the ADR decision domain that make diagnosis difficult; • the role of ADR information in consumer and medical practitioner decision-making; • decision types used by consumers and medical practitioners in the ADR decision domain; • resources used by consumers, medical practitioners and experts to inform their ADR decisions; • decision-making with partial knowledge of the consumer case history, drug behaviour and diseases; • the impact of suspected ADRs on consumers and on future decision-making; • medical practitioner/consumer decision-making models; and, • reasons for low ADR reporting and the impact on the development of new ADR knowledge. The results above suggest the following: • The ADR decision domain is more complex than the current ADR decision support focus and that broadening this focus may assist in providing a more complete and useful decision support solution. • Improving the prevention, detection and management of ADRs requires more than providing prescribers with up to date ADR information. Other important factors are sharing of information, awareness of the role of the consumer, a collaborative approach between the consumers and medical practitioners, and generation of new ADR knowledge. • A grounded theory analysis of case study data using the theoretical perspectives of social constructionism and symbolic interactionism provided insight into this domain from the perspectives of multiple decision-makers. This may be an approach that can be used by systems analysts to inform the requirements analysis phases of decision support within other domains. The results of this qualitative work are preliminary. Future work is required to confirm and expand these results.
Doctor of Philosophy
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10

O'Brien, Michelle. "A study of multiple perspectives and knowledge in adverse drug reaction decision-making : Volume 1." University of Ballarat, 2004. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/14606.

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Анотація:
Injury and illness associated with drugs are major problems in Australia and around the world, despite significant developments in the area of adverse drug reaction (ADR) decision support technology. The aims of this thesis are: to investigate the ADR decision domain; to determine factors that may assist in the prevention, detection and management of ADRs; and, to inform the pre-requirements analysis phase of the development of decision support systems. An approach has been taken that permits open and grounded study of the decision environment. This approach can then be used to frame and inform the design of an ADR decision support system. Fifteen case studies that comprise self selected consumers, the treating medical practitioner/s and expert perspectives of a single instance of an ADR (fifteen in-depth consumer interviews, eight in-depth medical practitioner interviews and 30 expert written questionnaires), have been collected and analysed using a grounded theory approach, a symbolic interactionist theoretical framework and a social constructionist epistemology. The analysis was performed from three perspectives: individual case study analysis (all interviews for an instance of an ADR); group analysis (consumer, medical practitioner and expert views) and analysis combining the individual case studies and groups of data. Concepts, themes and theory have emerged from these data in the following areas: • the contribution of the differences in understanding of the core concepts within this domain, to misunderstandings between decision-makers; • the consumer as a diagnostic decision-maker in the ADR decision domain; • differential diagnostic strategies used by the consumers and medical practitioners; • complexities in the ADR decision domain that make diagnosis difficult; • the role of ADR information in consumer and medical practitioner decision-making; • decision types used by consumers and medical practitioners in the ADR decision domain; • resources used by consumers, medical practitioners and experts to inform their ADR decisions; • decision-making with partial knowledge of the consumer case history, drug behaviour and diseases; • the impact of suspected ADRs on consumers and on future decision-making; • medical practitioner/consumer decision-making models; and, • reasons for low ADR reporting and the impact on the development of new ADR knowledge. The results above suggest the following: • The ADR decision domain is more complex than the current ADR decision support focus and that broadening this focus may assist in providing a more complete and useful decision support solution. • Improving the prevention, detection and management of ADRs requires more than providing prescribers with up to date ADR information. Other important factors are sharing of information, awareness of the role of the consumer, a collaborative approach between the consumers and medical practitioners, and generation of new ADR knowledge. • A grounded theory analysis of case study data using the theoretical perspectives of social constructionism and symbolic interactionism provided insight into this domain from the perspectives of multiple decision-makers. This may be an approach that can be used by systems analysts to inform the requirements analysis phases of decision support within other domains. The results of this qualitative work are preliminary. Future work is required to confirm and expand these results.
Doctor of Philosophy
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Книги з теми "Adverse side effects"

1

Kelly, Jennifer C. Adverse Drug Effects. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2006.

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2

Uetrecht, Jack P. Adverse drug reactions. Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.

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3

Yuuki, Inoue, and Watanabe Kouki, eds. Adverse effects of steroids. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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4

Adverse drug effects: A nursing concern. London: Whurr, 2000.

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5

1945-, Kane John M., and Lieberman Jeffrey A. 1948-, eds. Adverse Effects of Psychotropic Drugs. New York, USA: Guilford Press, 1992.

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6

Florida. Agency for Health Care Administration. and Florida. State Center for Health Statistics., eds. Health outcome series: Adverse drug effects. [Tallahassee, Fla.]: The Agency, 2000.

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7

Detection of new adverse drug reactions. 3rd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992.

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8

T, Florence A., and Salole E. G, eds. Formulation factors in adverse reactions. London: Wright, 1989.

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9

Canada, Canada Health, ed. Guidelines for reporting adverse reactions to marketed drugs: Guidelines for the Canadian Pharmaceutical Industry on reporting adverse reactions to marketed drugs (vaccines excluded.). Ottawa, Ont: Health Canada, 1996.

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10

C, Talbot J. C., ed. The detection of new adverse drug reactions. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1988.

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Частини книг з теми "Adverse side effects"

1

Rainsford, K. D. "Other Adverse Reactions." In Ibuprofen: Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Side Effects, 169–73. Basel: Springer Basel, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0496-7_11.

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2

Avanzo, Michele, Joseph Stancanello, and Rajesh Jena. "Adverse Effects to the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue." In Modelling Radiotherapy Side Effects, 289–308. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2019] |: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21956-12.

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3

Zheng, Yi, Xuewen Zhang, and Jiaoli Guo. "Precautions, Side-Effects and Adverse Reactions." In Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) in Medicine, 91–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9466-4_8.

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4

Pichler, Werner J., and Paolo Campi. "Adverse Side Effects to Biological Agents." In Drug Hypersensitivity, 151–65. Basel: KARGER, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000104198.

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5

Rainsford, K. D. "Global Assessment of Adverse Reactions and Human Toxicology." In Ibuprofen: Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Side Effects, 175–81. Basel: Springer Basel, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0496-7_12.

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6

O’Brien, W. M. "Rare adverse reactions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." In Side-Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, 73–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9772-7_6.

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Barker, E. F. "Assessment of adverse reactions to NSAIDs: pre- and post- marketing." In Side-Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, 37–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9772-7_3.

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Bellamy, N. "Measuring Beneficial and Adverse Events in Osteoarthritis Clinical Trials." In Side Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs IV, 35–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5394-2_5.

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9

Brune, K., H. Fenner, M. Kurowski, and R. Lanz. "Adverse reactions to NSAIDs: Consecutive evaluation of 30,000 patients in rheumatology." In Side-Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs 3, 33–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2982-4_6.

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10

Rainsford, K. D. "Mechanisms of Adverse Reactions in the Skin from Anti-Rheumatic Drugs." In Side Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs IV, 297–303. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5394-2_31.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Adverse side effects"

1

Zhu, Xinyu. "Adverse reactions and toxic side effects of Tacrolimus." In International Conference on Biomedical and Intelligent Systems (IC-BIS 2022), edited by Ahmed El-Hashash. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2662733.

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2

Sampathkumar, Hariprasad, Bo Luo, and Xue-wen Chen. "Mining Adverse Drug Side-Effects from Online Medical Forums." In 2012 IEEE Second International Conference on Healthcare Informatics, Imaging and Systems Biology (HISB). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hisb.2012.75.

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3

Jamshidi, E., A. Asgari, and N. Mansouri. "Personalized predictions of adverse side effects to the COVID-19 vaccines." In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.57.

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4

Fezai, Nadia, and Abdessattar Ben Amor. "Adverse Side Effects of Noise given rise to Vector Network Analyzer (VNA)." In 2019 International Conference on Advanced Systems and Emergent Technologies (IC_ASET). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aset.2019.8871026.

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5

Toennesen, Louise, Alexander Jordan, Josefin Eklof, Pradeesh Sivapalan, Astrid Sevelsted, Klaus Bønnelykke, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik, and Jens-Ulrik Stæhr Jensen. "Neuropsychiatric adverse side-effects of montelukast in children – a Danish nationwide register study." In ERS International Congress 2023 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.pa5363.

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6

Chen, Pei-Yin, Patrick Sekerak, Thomas Scarbrough, and Cheng-Ih Wu. "Potential Adverse Flow Effects at Nuclear Power Plants." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48900.

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In recent years, the nuclear industry experienced adverse flow effects that caused structural damage to safety-related and nonsafety-related components as a result of flow-induced acoustic resonance in both Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) and Pressurized Water Reactor plants. In particular, fatigue failures and cracks in steam dryers occurred in certain BWR plants during the extended power uprate operation with generation of loose parts that can adversely affect safety-related components within the reactor vessel and the reactor coolant system. The acoustic resonance occurs when the main steam line flow exceeds a critical value such that the vortices over the cavity of the closed side branch pipe are excited by the acoustic modes of the stagnant fluid in the branch. The occurrence of this phenomenon is highly dependent on plant-specific operating conditions and the piping as-built configuration. The U.S. nuclear industry has initiated extensive activities to address this phenomenon in BWR plants. The staff of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has been monitoring generic industry activities, as well as reviewing the evaluation of potential adverse flow effects that might result from power uprates at current operating plants, and during the design certification and licensing of new reactors. This paper discusses operating experience with adverse flow effects at nuclear power plants from the acoustic resonance phenomenon, industry actions to address and resolve the phenomenon, and NRC staff review activities related to this issue.
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7

Huisman, Sander A., Sandra van den Engel, Henk P. Roest, Jan N. M. IJzermans, and Ron W. F. de Bruin. "Abstract 4417: Fasting protects against the adverse side effects of chemotherapy but has no effect on antitumor activity." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-4417.

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8

Wullems, Christian, Narelle Haworth, Gregoire Larue, Andrew Haines, and Matthew Gildersleeve. "Effects of Driver Familiarity and Prolonged or Intermittent Right-Side Failure on Level Crossing Safety." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100748.

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This paper investigates the adverse effects of familiarity and human factors issues associated with the reliability of low-cost warning devices at level crossings. The driving simulator study featured a repetitive, low workload, monotonous driving task in which there were no failures of the level crossing (control) or prolonged or intermittent right-side failures (where the device reverts to a safe failure mode). The results of the experiment provided mixed support for the familiarity hypothesis. Four of the 23 participants collided with the train when it first appeared on trial 10 but safety margins increased from the first train to the next presentation of a train (trial 12). Contrary to expectations, the safety margins decreased with repeated right-side failure only for the intermittent condition. The limited head movement data showed that participants in the prolonged failure condition were more likely to turn their head to check for trains in the right-side failure trials than in earlier trials where there was no signal and no train. Few control participants turned their head to check for trains when no signal was presented. This research highlights the need to consider repetitive tasks and workload in experimental design and accident investigation at railway level crossings.
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9

Jägerbrand, A. K., and C. A. Bouroussis. "MEASURES FOR REDUCING THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT AT NIGHT: INTER-DISCIPLINARY DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESS." In CIE 2021 Conference. International Commission on Illumination, CIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/x48.2021.ip03.

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The use of artificial light at night in the outdoor environment may introduce negative and unwanted side-effects such as light pollution and unwanted impacts on humans, ecosystems and biodiversity. Therefore, appropriate measures for reducing the adverse effects of artificial light at night are important to establish a sustainable use of outdoor lighting. This paper presents an updated overview and a state-of-the-art of available and effective measures for reducing artificial light at night, which range from strategical and high-level recommendations to more practical and applicable lighting design recommendations and principles. Another aim is to identify prioritized future research questions and areas that will enhance progress within the area. We present the current recommendations into three groups: (I) recommendations for legislation at the national or international levels, (II) recommendations for technical and practical adaptations of the lighting design and (III) recommendations for sensitive species, taxa, areas or ecosystems.
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10

Štastný, M., and P. Šafařík. "Boundary Layer Effects on the Transonic Flow in a Straight Turbine Cascade." In ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-155.

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The analysis presented here deals with two subjects related to the transonic flow in a straight turbine cascade: 1) turbulization of the suction side boundary layer and its subsequent development along the profile 2) influence of side wall boundary layers on cascade flows. The turbulization effect of supersonic compression on the boundary layers which accompany transonic expansion on the suction side of the profile is investigated by independent methods. Both the experimental results and the calculation confirm the loss of stability of the laminar boundary layer and its subsequent transition into turbulence in the region of an adverse pressure gradient. Also the possibility of reverse transition of turbulent boundary layer in a subsequent strong favourable pressure gradient is investigated. The contraction effect of the wind tunnel side wall boundary layers is expressed by means of the AVDR factor over a wide range of flow regimes determined by the incidence angle and the Mach number. A correction of the exit flow angle from the cascade is made to obtain a purely 2D flow although it is apparent that the measured exit angle values and the exit angle obtained for a 2D flow differ considerably.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Adverse side effects"

1

Repository, Science. Hold the Prescription and Try These Natural Antibiotics Instead. Science Repository OÜ, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/sr.blog.20.

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The significance of natural antibiotics lies in the fact that they are effective against infections without causing enough side effects. Substitution of prescription drugs with these can completely eradicate the adverse side effects of antibiotics.
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2

WolfvWolf, Anne, Matthias Unterberg, Andrea Witowski, Michael Adamzik, and Alexander Wolf. Efficacy and effectiveness of Oliceridine in acute postoperative pain, a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0063.

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Review question / Objective: Oliceridine is a relatively novel so called bias opioid which is approved for severe opioid requiring pain. Due to its biased agonism, it is said to have fewer side effects than conventional opioids. This systematic review and meta-analysis will analyze the efficacy and effectiveness of oliceridine compared to placebo or morphine in acute postoperative pain for up to 72 hours. This will be the first meta-analysis on this topic. Our aim with this work is to evaluate the clinical utility of this relatively new substance in a broad postoperative context. The lead questions of this systematic review and meta-analysis are: 1. Does Oliceridine demonstrate comparable analgesia to morphine with an improved side effect profile? 2. Does oliceridine demonstrate a superior analgesia compared to placebo with a comparable side effect profile? Transfered to PICOS, the study questions present as follows: Patients: Postoperative (up to 72hours) patients with moderate to severe pain Intervention: Oliceridine (TRV130) Comparison: Morphine and Placebo Outcome: Efficacy (pain reduction), effectiveness (side effects, adverse events) Study: Randomized controlled trials, at least single-blind.
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3

Ding, Yukang, Xixia Chen, and Yongpeng Ge. Inflammatory myopathy following coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination: a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0084.

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Review question / Objective: Reports of unexpected side effects have accompanied the vaccination of larger proportions of the population against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including a few cases of inflammatory myopathy (IM). In a bid to improve understanding of the clinical course of vaccine complications, a systematic review of reported cases of IM following COVID-19 vaccination has been conducted. Condition being studied: Safety concerns have surrounded the vaccines since their development, with common adverse effects including local reaction at the site of injection and diverse non-specific flu-like symptoms (9). Most symptoms occur soon after vaccination and resolve within a short period but some serious events such as myopericarditis and cerebral venous thrombosis post COVID-19 vaccination had been reported. Meanwhile, some rare cases of vaccine-associated IMs have been reported. The current study systematically reviewed IM cases reported post-COVID-19 vaccination to date. Clinical and laboratory features are described and therapy and prognosis discussed.
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4

Wang, Xiaoyu. Pediatric TuiNa for Tourette syndrome in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.4.0077.

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Review question / Objective: Efficacy and Safety of Pediatric TuiNa for Tourette Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of randomized controlled trials. Condition being studied: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a common psychological, behavioural and neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by chronic, fluctuating, multiple muscle convulsions, or accompanied by involuntary laryngeal abnormalities and indecent language. It mainly appears in childhood. At present, Tourette syndrome generally has a long course of the disease and is difficult to cure, which seriously affects the children's learning and physical and mental health, and also causes panic and anxiety to many parents. The incidence of Tourette syndrome was increasing year by year. Clinical studies found that only relying on Western medicine for treatment was easy to have recurrent symptoms and serious adverse reactions. Traditional Chinese medicine has great advantages in the treatment of Tourette syndrome, especially in children's massage, because it has no side effects and is more likely to be favoured by parents. To provide a better basis and guidance for clinical treatment by Meta-analysis of the literature on tuina treatment of Tourette syndrome in children.
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5

Börjesson, Patrik, Maria Eggertsen, Lachlan Fetterplace, Ann-Britt Florin, Ronny Fredriksson, Susanna Fredriksson, Patrik Kraufvelin, et al. Long-term effects of no-take zones in Swedish waters. Edited by Ulf Bergström, Charlotte Berkström, and Mattias Sköld. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.10da2mgf51.

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Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly established worldwide to protect and restore degraded ecosystems. However, the level of protection varies among MPAs and has been found to affect the outcome of the closure. In no-take zones (NTZs), no fishing or extraction of marine organisms is allowed. The EU Commission recently committed to protect 30% of European waters by 2030 through the updated Biodiversity Strategy. Importantly, one third of these 30% should be of strict protection. Exactly what is meant by strict protection is not entirely clear, but fishing would likely have to be fully or largely prohibited in these areas. This new target for strictly protected areas highlights the need to evaluate the ecological effects of NTZs, particularly in regions like northern Europe where such evaluations are scarce. The Swedish NTZs made up approximately two thirds of the total areal extent of NTZs in Europe a decade ago. Given that these areas have been closed for at least 10 years and can provide insights into long-term effects of NTZs on fish and ecosystems, they are of broad interest in light of the new 10% strict protection by 2030 commitment by EU member states. In total, eight NTZs in Swedish coastal and offshore waters were evaluated in the current report, with respect to primarily the responses of focal species for the conservation measure, but in some of the areas also ecosystem responses. Five of the NTZs were established in 2009-2011, as part of a government commission, while the other three had been established earlier. The results of the evaluations are presented in a synthesis and also in separate, more detailed chapters for each of the eight NTZs. Overall, the results suggest that NTZs can increase abundances and biomasses of fish and decapod crustaceans, given that the closed areas are strategically placed and of an appropriate size in relation to the life cycle of the focal species. A meta-regression of the effects on focal species of the NTZs showed that CPUE was on average 2.6 times higher after three years of protection, and 3.8 times higher than in the fished reference areas after six years of protection. The proportion of old and large individuals increased in most NTZs, and thereby also the reproductive potential of populations. The increase in abundance of large predatory fish also likely contributed to restoring ecosystem functions, such as top-down control. These effects appeared after a 5-year period and in many cases remained and continued to increase in the longer term (>10 years). In the two areas where cod was the focal species of the NTZs, positive responses were weak, likely as an effect of long-term past, and in the Kattegat still present, recruitment overfishing. In the Baltic Sea, predation by grey seal and cormorant was in some cases so high that it likely counteracted the positive effects of removing fisheries and led to stock declines in the NTZs. In most cases, the introduction of the NTZs has likely decreased the total fishing effort rather than displacing it to adjacent areas. In the Kattegat NTZ, however, the purpose was explicitly to displace an unselective coastal mixed bottom-trawl fishery targeting Norway lobster and flatfish to areas where the bycatches of mature cod were smaller. In two areas that were reopened to fishing after 5 years, the positive effects of the NTZs on fish stocks eroded quickly to pre-closure levels despite that the areas remained closed during the spawning period, highlighting that permanent closures may be necessary to maintain positive effects. We conclude from the Swedish case studies that NTZs may well function as a complement to other fisheries management measures, such as catch, effort and gear regulations. The experiences from the current evaluation show that NTZs can be an important tool for fisheries management especially for local coastal fish populations and areas with mixed fisheries, as well as in cases where there is a need to counteract adverse ecosystem effects of fishing. NTZs are also needed as reference for marine environmental management, and for understanding the effects of fishing on fish populations and other ecosystem components in relation to other pressures. MPAs where the protection of both fish and their habitats is combined may be an important instrument for ecosystembased management, where the recovery of large predatory fish may lead to a restoration of important ecosystem functions and contribute to improving decayed habitats. With the new Biodiversity Strategy, EUs level of ambition for marine conservation increases significantly, with the goal of 30% of coastal and marine waters protected by 2030, and, importantly, one third of these areas being strictly protected. From a conservation perspective, rare, sensitive and/or charismatic species or habitats are often in focus when designating MPAs, and displacement of fisheries is then considered an unwanted side effect. However, if the establishment of strictly protected areas also aims to rebuild fish stocks, these MPAs should be placed in heavily fished areas and designed to protect depleted populations by accounting for their home ranges to generate positive outcomes. Thus, extensive displacement of fisheries is required to reach benefits for depleted populations, and need to be accounted for e.g. by specific regulations outside the strictly protected areas. These new extensive EU goals for MPA establishment pose a challenge for management, but at the same time offer an opportunity to bridge the current gap between conservation and fisheries management.
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6

Dong, Yi, LiJia Liu, Jianing Liu, Tianqi Liao, Jieru Zhou, and Huaien Bu. Incidences of Adverse Reactions in BNT162b2: A Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0043.

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Review question / Objective: This study searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase Electronics, and other databases to collect healthy adults aged 16 and older, subjects with no previous history of COVID-19 infection, A randomized controlled trial of Pfizer's vaccine BNT162b2 versus placebo. Using RevMan5.4 software, meta-analysis was conducted to compare the effects of injection of BNT162b2 and placebo on the incidence of adverse reactions in healthy adults over 16 years of age. Main indexes include total incidence of adverse reactions, the incidence of local adverse reactions at the injection site (including red hot accessories), the incidence of systemic adverse reactions, including fever, headache, rash, urticaria, joint pain, muscle pain, gastrointestinal tract reaction, fatigue, cough, etc.), death rate, so as to provide a reference for clinical practice. Information sources: The following electronic databases will be searched from January 2020 to November 2021: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase Electronics. In addition, reference lists of the included studies were manually searched to identify additional relevant studies.
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7

Flórez, Luz Adriana, Didier Hermida, and Leonardo Fabio Morales. The Heterogeneous Effect of Minimum Wage on Labor Market Flows in Colombia. Banco de la República Colombia, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1213.

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We provide evidence of the negative effect of the minimum wage on labor market flows, such as job creation, job destruction, hiring, and separations in Colombia. Depicting firms' minimum wage (MW) compliance cost, we find evidence of an adverse effect of increases on MW compliance cost on employment. This negative effect is explained mainly by a reduction in job creation and hiring rate and the rise in job destruction and separations. In contrast to the evidence for developed economies, our results are in line with the predictions of the standard search model. We also explore this differential effect by firm size and age. We found that an increase in the MW compliance cost has relatively critical negative impacts on small and medium-sized firms (with less than 250 employees); and new and young firms (lower than six years old).
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8

Philosoph-Hadas, Sonia, Peter Kaufman, Shimon Meir, and Abraham Halevy. Signal Transduction Pathway of Hormonal Action in Control and Regulation of the Gravitropic Response of Cut Flowering Stems during Storage and Transport. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7695838.bard.

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Original objectives: The basic goal of the present project was to increase our understanding of the cellular mechanisms operating during the gravitropic response of cut flowers, for solving their bending problem without affecting flower quality. Thus, several elements operating at the 3 levels o the gravity-induced signal transduction pathway, were proposed to be examined in snapdragon stems according to the following research goals: 1) Signaling: characterize the signal transduction pathway leading to the gravitropic response, regarding the involvement of [Ca2+]cyt as a mediator of IAA movement and sensitivity to auxin. 2) Transduction by plant hormones: a) Examine the involvement of auxin in the gravitropic response of flower stems with regard to: possible participation of auxin binding protein (ABP), auxin redistribution, auxin mechanism of action (activation of H+-ATPase) mediation by changes in [Ca2+]cyt and possible regulation of auxin-induced Ca2+ action b: calmodulin-activated or Ca2+-activated protein kinases (PK). b) Examine the involvement of ethylene in the gravitropic response of flower stems with regard to auxin-induced ethylene production and sensitivity of the tissue to ethylene. 3) Response: examine the effect of gravistimulation on invertase (associated with growth and elongation) activity and invertase gene expression. 4) Commercial practice: develop practical and simple treatments to prevent bending of cut flowers grown for export. Revisions: 1) Model systems: in addition to snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.), 3 other model shoe systems, consisting of oat (Avena sativa) pulvini, Ornithogalun 'Nova' cut flowers and Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence, were targeted to confirm a more general mechanism for shoot gravitropism. 2 Research topics: the involvement of ABP, auxin action, PK and invertase in the gravitropic response of snapdragon stems could not be demonstrated. Alternatively, the involvement in the gravity signaling cascade of several other physiological mediators apart of [Ca2+]cyt such as: IP3, protein phosphorylation and actin cytoskeleton, was shown. Additional topics introduced: starch statolith reorientation, differential expression of early auxin responsive genes, and differential shoot growth. Background to the topic: The gravitropic bending response of flowering shoots occurring upon their horizontal placement during shipment exhibits a major horticultural problem. In spite of extensive studies in various aboveground organs, the gravitropic response was hardly investigated in flowering shoots. Being a complex multistep process that requires the participation of various cellular components acting in succession or in parallel, analysis of the negative gravitropic response of shoot includes investigation of signal transduction elements and various regulatory physiological mediators. Major achievements: 1) A correlative role for starch statoliths as gravireceptors in flowering shoot was initially established. 2) Differentially phosphorylated proteins and IP3 levels across the oat shoe pulvini, as well as a differential appearance of 2 early auxin-responsive genes in snapdragon stems were all detected within 5-30 minutes following gravistimulation. 3) Unlike in roots, involvement of actin cytoskeleton in early events of the gravitropic response of snapdragon shoots was established. 4) An asymmetric IAA distribution, followed by an asymmetric ethylene production across snapdragon stems was found following gravistimulation. 5) The gravity-induced differential growth in shoots of snapdragon was derived from initial shrinkage of the upper stem side and a subsequent elongation o the lower stem side. 6) Shoot bending could be successfully inhibited by Ca2+ antagonists (that serve as a basis for practical treatments), kinase and phosphatase inhibitors and actin-cytoskeleton modulators. All these agents did not affect vertical growth. The essential characterization of these key events and their sequence led us to the conclusion that blocking gravity perception may be the most powerful means to inhibit bending without hampering shoot and flower growth after harvest. Implications, scientific and agriculture: The innovative results of this project have provided some new insight in the basic understanding of gravitropism in flower stalks, that partially filled the gap in our knowledge, and established useful means for its control. Additionally, our analysis has advanced the understanding of important and fundamental physiological processes involved, thereby leading to new ideas for agriculture. Gravitropism has an important impact on agriculture, particularly for controlling the bending of various important agricultural products with economic value. So far, no safe control of the undesired bending problem of flower stalks has been established. Our results show for the first time that shoot bending of cut flowers can be inhibited without adverse effects by controlling the gravity perception step with Ca2+ antagonists and cytoskeleton modulators. Such a practical benefit resulting from this project is of great economic value for the floriculture industry.
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9

Busby, Ryan, H. Torbert, and Stephen Prior. Soil and vegetation responses to amendment with pulverized classified paper waste. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44202.

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Анотація:
The United States Army produces a significant amount of classified paper waste that is pulverized to a fine consistency unsuitable for recycling. However, cheap, high quality organic materials such as classified paper waste are useful as soil amendments. The objective of this research was to evaluate the utilization of pulverized classified paper waste as a soil amendment to improve soil health and increase establishment of desirable native grasses on degraded Army training lands. Paper was applied at rates of 9 to 72 Mg ha⁻¹ to two soil types at Fort Polk, LA: an alfisol (very fine sandy loam - Fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Vertic Hapludalfs) and an ultisol (loamy fine sandy - Loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Arenic Paleudults). These are common soil orders found on military training lands nationwide and represent fertile (alfisol) and unfertile (ulitsol) soils. Vegetation and soils were monitored over 2 growing seasons. No increase in heavy metals were observed in soils. Extensive analysis showed very low levels of regulated contaminants in the paper, but most were below detection limits. The ultisol site showed improved soil physical and chemical properties, while desirable vegetation benefitted from nutrient immobilization at the alfisol site. Based on the results of this study, applying pulverized paper waste to soil at a rate of 35.9 Mg ha⁻¹ is recommended. Application of paper waste to soils had no adverse environmental effects, improved soil physiochemical properties, and facilitated establishment of desirable native vegetation.
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Collins, Cheryl. Finding of Adverse Effect and Mitigation Documentation for the Stormwater Drainage and Street Systems, Substation Foundations, and the Bus Parking Lot in Mercury, Area 23, Nevada National Security Site, Nye County, Nevada. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1712676.

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