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Готові списки джерел за темами / Adsorption and ion exchange

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Adsorption and ion exchange"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 22 червня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Adsorption and ion exchange":

1

Song, Fujiao, Yan Cao, Yunxia Zhao, Ruiyu Jiang, Qi Xu, Jinlong Yan, and Qin Zhong. "Ion-Exchanged ZIF-67 Synthesized by One-Step Method for Enhancement of CO2 Adsorption." Journal of Nanomaterials 2020 (February 17, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1508574.

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Li+- and Na+-exchanged ZIF-67 was synthesized by a new one-step method of ion as-exchange technique and tested as CO2 adsorbents. As a comparison, the standard ion-exchange procedure was also carried out. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), particle size analyzer (PSD), and thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA) were used to investigate the effect of ion-exchange techniques on the structure of the materials. CO2 uptake of ZIF-67 ion exchanged by one-step method is much higher than that by the standard ion-exchange procedure. All of the adsorption isotherms show linear patterns with stable adsorption rate from 0 bar to 1 bar, which reveals the materials could get excellent adsorption performance at higher pressure range (>1 bar). Elemental analysis, N2 physical adsorption, and the point of zero charge (PZC) were carried out to confirm the adsorption mechanism. van der Waals interaction determined by the surface area and coordination interaction resulting from electrostatic interaction work in synergy to enhance CO2 adsorption performance of ZIF-67 ion exchanged by the one-step method.

2

Theodoridou, E., A. D. Jannakoudakis, P. D. Jannakoudakis, and S. Antoniadou. "Electrochemically oxidized carbon fibres as an adsorbent for the attachment of dissolved substances. Adsorption of nitro compounds and ion-exchange of heavy metals." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v91-272.

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The adsorption of several aromatic nitro compounds and the ion-exchange of heavy metal ions on electro-oxidized carbon fibres have been investigated using cyclic voltammetric and polarographic techniques. Electro-oxidation is performed by potentiostatic double pulse application. This procedure results in the generation of many functional —OH and —COOH groups with adsorptive and ion-exchanging properties.Multimolecular layers of adsorbed substances may be formed through a procedure of successive adsorption of the nitro-compound and electro-reduction to the corresponding amine, resulting in the attachment of considerable amounts of the nitro-compound to the carbon fibres.The ion-exchange capacity is estimated to be ca. 1 mequiv. g−1 and with slight deviations it follows the rank Ag, Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg. After the electro-reduction of the exchanged metal ions, the ion-exchange process can be repeated several times. This procedure is of importance for the removal of significant amounts of heavy and toxic metals from industrial waste waters. Key words: electro-oxidized carbon fibres, adsorption of aromatic nitro compounds, cation-exchange of heavy metals.

3

Noor, Ehteram A., and Fatma M. Al-Solmi. "Analysis of Adsorption, Ion Exchange, Thermodynamic Behaviour of Some Organic Cations on Dowex 50WX4-50/H+Cation Exchanger in Aqueous Solutions." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, s1 (2011): S171—S188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/963603.

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The equilibrium adsorption, ion exchange characteristics of various concentrations of some organic cations from aqueous solutions onto dowex 50WEX/H+cation exchanger were studied at different temperatures in the range of 30-50 °C. The studied cations showed good adsorptive properties onto dowex 50WX4-5/H+at different concentrations and temperatures. Main adsorption behaviour was ion exchange between hydrogen ions and the organic cations as indicated from the linear relation between the initial concentration of the organic cations and the released hydrogen ions. It was found that the adsorption affinity of dowex 50WX4-50/H+towards the studied organic cations depends on the substituent type of the organic cations giving the following increasing order: 1-H < 2-OH < 3-OCH3. Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of the studied organic cations were evaluated and discussed. It was found that the adsorption 1-H organic cation was spontaneous, ordered, exothermic and favored with decreasing temperature. On the other hand the adsorption of both 2-OH and 3-OCH3organic cations was found to be spontaneous and disordered with enthalpy change varies significantly with increasing organic cation concentration, suggesting dipole-dipole adsorption forces as new active sites for adsorption under conditions of relatively high concentrations. Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models reasonably describe the adsorption of the studied organic cations onto dowex 50WX4-50/H+by segmented straight lines depending on the studied range of concentration, indicating the existence of two different sets of adsorption sites with substantial difference in energy of adsorption. According to Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm model, physical-ion exchange mechanism was suggested for the adsorption of 1-H organic cation and both physical and chemical-ion exchange mechanisms were suggested for the adsorption of 2-OH and 3-OCH3organic cations depending on the studied range of concentration.

4

Wu, Yu-Chi, Yu-Hong Wei, and Ho-Shing Wu. "Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of Ectoine Using Dowex® HCR-S Ion-Exchange Resin." Processes 9, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): 2068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9112068.

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Dowex® HCR-S ion-exchange resin was used to adsorb ectoine in a batch system under varying operation conditions in terms of contact time, temperature, pH value, initial concentration of ectoine, and type of salt. Six adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin–Radushkevich, Sips, and Redlich–Peterson) and three kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion) were used to investigate the ectoine adsorption mechanism of ion-exchange resin. According to the experimental results, the mechanism of ectoine adsorption using an ion exchanger includes the ion-exchange reaction and physisorption. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich models were found to have a high fitting. For the kinetic analysis, the pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were suitable to describe the ectoine adsorption. Dowex® HCR-S resin has an average saturated adsorption capacity of 0.57 g/g and 93.6% of ectoine adsorption at 25~65 °C, with an initial concentration of 125 g/L. By changing the pH of the environment using NaOH solution, the adsorbed ectoine on the ion-exchange resin can be desorbed to 87.7%.

5

Wesselingh, J. A., and J. C. Bosma. "Protein ion-exchange adsorption kinetics." AIChE Journal 47, no. 7 (July 2001): 1571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690470710.

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6

Baes, Aloysius U., Tetsuji Okuda, Wataru Nishijima, Eiji Shoto, and Mitsumasa Okada. "Adsorption and ion exchange of some groundwater anion contaminants in an amine modified coconut coir." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 7 (April 1, 1997): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0264.

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The adsorption of nitrate, chromium (VI), arsenic (V) and selenium (VI) anions in an amine modified coconut coir (MCC-AE : with secondary and tertiary amine functionality) were studied to determine the capability of this easily prepared and low-cost material in removing typical groundwater anion contaminants. Batch adsorption-ion exchange experiments were conducted using 200 mg MCC-AE, initially containing chloride as the resident anion, and 50 ml of different anion-containing water of varying concentrations. It is presumed, at this low pH, that only SeO42− remained as a divalent anion, while monovalent species H2AsO4− and HCrO4− predominated in their respective exchanging ion solutions. The adsorption data were fitted using the Freundlich equation and maximum adsorption for each anion was estimated using their respective Freundlich equation constants. MCC-AE exhibited preference for divalent Cr (VI) and Se (VI) anions compared with the Cl− resident ion. Maximum As (V) adsorption was 0.086 mmol/g, while maximum adsorption of Cr (VI), NO3− and Se (VI) anions was 0.327 mmol/g, 0.459 mmol/g, and 0.222 mmol/g, respectively. The ion exchange capacity of MCC-AE is estimated, based on its exchange capacity for nitrate, to be within 0.46 mmol of positive charges per gram. Similar adsorption experiments were conducted for comparison using commercial chloride-form Amberlite IRA-900 strong base (quaternary amine functionality) anion exchanger, with an exchange capacity of 4.2 meq/g. Maximum adsorption of the different ions in IRA-900 was about 3 times higher for NO3−, 9 times higher for Se (VI), 10 times higher for As (V) and 9 times higher for Cr (VI), than that in MCC-AE. Differences in the ion exchange behavior of MCC-AE and IRA-900 were probably due to the different amine functionalities in the two exchangers. The results suggest that MCC-AE may be used as a low-cost alternative adsorbent/ion exchanger for treatment of anion contaminants in groundwater.

7

Xue, Mei, Fen Rong Liu, and Huan Liu. "Adsorption of Thiophene Out of Model Gasoline Using Metal Ion-Exchanged Zeolite." Advanced Materials Research 391-392 (December 2011): 945–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.945.

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Adsorptions of organic sulfur compounds thiophene was carried out using metal ion-exchanged Y-zeolites. Na-Yzeolites exchanged with Ag+, La3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Bi3+ions were prepared by liquid ion exchange method. Ag+and La3+ions modified Yzeolites showed markedly high adsorptive capacities for Thiophene. The sulfur uptake increased in the order of Bi-Yzeolite < Ni-Yzeolite < CuY-zeolite < AgY-zeolite < LaY-zeolite for thiophene. The mole ratios of TP/Ag and TP/La were 0.098 and 0.071, respectively.

8

Somya, Amita. "Studies on Pectin-Tin(IV) Phosphate: A New Biopolymer Doped Hybrid Ion Exchanger, An Efficacious Ion Exchanger in Water Purification Process." Asian Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 5 (2023): 1237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.27600.

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Pectin doped tin(IV) phosphate was prepared as novel class of hybrid ion exchanger i.e. biopolymer based hybrid ion exchanger, which has been characterized by few physico-chemical characterization techniques such as FTIR analysis, SEM study, UV-vis spectrophotometry and elemental analysis. The characteristic parameters of novel ion exchange such as ion exchange capacity, concentration study, elution study, thermal stability, etc. were also reported. Adsorption study has been explored for few alkaline earths and some heavy or transition metal ions in several acidic media. Based on adsorption study, it has been found that the reported ion exchanger has shown enantioselectivity for cadmium(II) ions, being one among toxic metal ions. The antimicrobial activity of pectin based tin(IV) phosphate on few microorganisms has also been studied to prove the antimicrobial nature of the synthesized ionexchange material.

9

Tang, Yu Bin, Fang Yu, Fang Yan Chen, and Cheng Chen. "Research on Adsorption of Pb²⁺ on to Microspheres Prepared by Rectorite and Humic Acid." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 1972–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1972.

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Rectorite (REC), humic acid (HA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were used to prepare microspheres. Batch adsorption experiments of Pb2+ion on to the microspheres were performed. The results obtained indicate that adsorption time, the microspheres dosage and temperature were the main factors influencing the adsorptive capacities. The adsorption data for Pb2+ion were well described by the Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin models. The kinetic experimental data properly correlated with the pseudo-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model and Elovich equation. The adsorption process is spontaneous, endothermic and out-of-order. The whole adsorption process is mainly controlled by entropies. The adsorption can be classified as chemical adsorption. The mechanisms for the adsorption of Pb2+ion on to the microspheres involved ion-exchange adsorption of Pb2+or the formation of complex compound. Under the experimental conditions employed, the removal of Pb2+ion attained value of 96.05%.

10

Tran, Hoai-Lam, Maw-Suey Kuo, Wein-Duo Yang, and Yu-Chang Huang. "Study on Modification of NaX Zeolites: The Cobalt (II)-Exchange Kinetics and Surface Property Changes under Thermal Treatment." Journal of Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1789680.

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The cobalt (II) ion-exchange process followed the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models as well as the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The cobalt-exchanged contents increased when the initial Co(NO3)2solution concentration increased up to 0.14 mol L−1at the optimal pH of 6.05. The N2adsorption isotherms are mixed types I/II isotherms and H3 type hysteresis. Both the micropore and mesopore adsorptions occurred during the adsorption process. The modification, which is both the cobalt (II) exchange and thermal treatment, significantly improved the surface properties of NaX zeolites. Accordingly, the optimal temperature range is 500 to 600°C for a thermal treatment. This is consistent with the results of XRD analysis.

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Дисертації з теми "Adsorption and ion exchange":

1

Watkins, E. James. "Foulant adsorption onto ion exchange membranes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7062.

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2

Leonard, Danièle. "Adsorption of bile acids by ion-exchange resins." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74309.

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The interactions of cholestyramine with bile acids in aqueous buffer solutions were studied by in vitro adsorption experiments. Application of the Donnan theory, which is based on ion partitioning between two phases, indicates that the adsorption is an ion-exchange process--the bile acid anion displaces the chloride counter-ion of cholestyramine. Donnan considerations indicate that the bile acid in the resin phase exists in two forms, bound and unbound, but at higher Ceq the bound form is increasingly favoured. Since the concentrations of bound bile acid in the resin phase are above the critical micellar concentration, micelle-type ordering is occurring. It is also possible that the unbound bile acid in the resin phase aggregates to form "regular" micelles. The micellization promotes the partitioning of glycocholic acid into the resin phase, explaining the ability of cholestyramine to adsorb glycocholic acid significantly, in vitro.
Ion-exchange resins were prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis with active sites chosen to resemble those of cholestyramine. They were produced by coupling 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid, 4-aminophenylacetic acid or 4-(aminomethyl)phenylacetic acid to the backbone. The ion-exchange resins were prepared both as primary amines and in the quaternized form. The cholestyramine-like sorbents were synthesized with systematic changes in the structure, to determine which structural parts of cholestyramine are involved in the adsorption process. As compared to cholestyramine, both sets of resins were remarkably ineffective in adsorbing bile acids in vitro. It was found that the nature of the backbone determines the accessibility to the active site; that the resins with the methylene group positioned between the phenyl group and the amino group have higher adsorption capacity for glycocholic acid; and that quaternization increases the adsorption capacity. The two latter observations indicate the importance of the basicity of the active site. Therefore, in cholestyramine, the backbone is such that it permits the transfer of ionic species and the quaternary ammonium group is involved in the interaction with bile acids.
Computer modelling showed that the cholestyramine pendants are close to one another and are separated by benzene rings, thus leaving too little space between them to allow a bile acid molecule to interact with the benzene rings. Therefore, the bile acids must interact with the quaternary ammonium group, leaving the bile acid molecule inside the cavity where they interact with one another to form micelles. The possible modes of interactions of bile acids with the synthesized resins are more numerous since the pendants are not as close together. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

3

Arcanjo, Maria Rosiene Antunes. "Study on the adsorption of lactic acid by ion exchange chromatography." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13346.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
Currently the demand for renewable fuels has increased a lot. Thus, biodiesel is an alternative to oil and its derivatives, since its production is cheaper, there is a reduction in emissions, and is considered a renewable energy. Due to government incentives that drive the production of biodiesel, such fuel has been produced on a large scale. Of all the raw material used for producing biodiesel via transesterification, 10 % in mass is converted into glycerin, excess demand and absorption capacity of the current markets. In this context, it is of fundamental importance to develop alternative technologies and innovative at the same time to consume this surplus of crude glycerin. The production of lactic acid by hydrothermal conversion of glycerol is an alternative that adds significantly to the productivity of the biodiesel industry value, besides the production of an organic acid that is widely used industrially. This organic acid exists as two optical isomers, D - lactic acid and L- lactic acid. Presently, it has become an important monomer in the plastics industry, and polymerized biodegradable plastics such as poly-L- lactic acid and copolymers of lactic acid. Therefore, there is a continued interest in a more efficient process for the production of lactic acid as well as for their recovery and purification. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a study on the adsorption of lactic acid (derived from the conversion of glycerol resulting from biodiesel production) by ion exchange by Amberlite IRA 67 and IRA 96. Different eluents were evaluated at various concentrations in order to obtain a higher efficiency in removing lactic acid adsorbents studied. From the breakthrough curves obtained with different concentrations of lactic power (60-302 g/L) acid the adsorption isotherms were constructed at temperatures of 30 ÂC, 40 ÂC and 60 ÂC. With data from lactic acid concentration for each condition studied, became the model fit the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Studies on the purification column fixed bed with mono-component solutions, binary mixtures and real mixture were also performed. It was concluded that the application of the proposed methodology for the purification of lactic acid in a fixed-bed column showed better results when the condition (temperature = 30 ÂC) was used in both adsorbents. As the Amberlite IRA 96, the adsorbent showed better performance in the adsorption of lactic acid.
Atualmente a procura por combustÃveis renovÃveis tem aumentado muito. Deste modo, o biodiesel surge como alternativa em relaÃÃo ao petrÃleo e seus derivados, jÃ que sua produÃÃo Ã mais barata, hÃ uma diminuiÃÃo na emissÃo de poluentes, e Ã considerada uma energia renovÃvel. Devido aos incentivos governamentais que impulsionam a produÃÃo de biodiesel, tal combustÃvel tem sido produzido em larga escala. De toda a matÃria-prima utilizada para a produÃÃo de biodiesel, atravÃs de transesterificaÃÃo, 10% em massa Ã convertida em glicerina, excedendo a demanda e capacidade de absorÃÃo dos mercados atuais. Neste contexto, Ã de fundamental importÃncia o desenvolvimento de tecnologias alternativas e ao mesmo tempo inovadoras para consumir este excedente de glicerina bruta. A produÃÃo de Ãcido lÃtico por conversÃo hidrotÃrmica do glicerol Ã uma alternativa que agrega um valor significativo para a produtividade da indÃstria de biodiesel, alÃm da produÃÃo de um Ãcido orgÃnico que Ã amplamente utilizado industrialmente. Esse Ãcido orgÃnico existe como dois isÃmeros Ãpticos, D-Ãcido lÃtico e L-Ãcido lÃtico. Atualmente, tem se tornado um importante monÃmero na indÃstria de plÃsticos, sendo polimerizado em plÃsticos biodegradÃveis, tal como poli-L-Ãcido lÃtico e seus copolÃmeros de Ãcido lÃtico. Por isso hÃ um interesse contÃnuo em um processo mais eficiente para a produÃÃo de Ãcido lÃtico, assim como para a sua recuperaÃÃo e purificaÃÃo. Dessa maneira, o objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar um estudo sobre a adsorÃÃo de Ãcido lÃtico (oriundo da conversÃo do glicerol resultante da produÃÃo do biodiesel) por cromatografia de troca iÃnica pelas resinas Amberlite IRA 67 e IRA 96. Foram avaliados diferentes eluentes em concentraÃÃes diversas, afim de se obter uma maior eficiÃncia na remoÃÃo de Ãcido lÃtico dos adsorventes estudados. A partir das curvas de ruptura obtidas com diferentes concentraÃÃes de alimentaÃÃo de Ãcido lÃtico (60-302 g/L) foram construÃdas as isotermas de adsorÃÃo nas temperaturas de 30ÂC, 40ÂC e 60ÂC. Com os dados de concentraÃÃo de Ãcido lÃtico para cada condiÃÃo estudada, fez-se o ajuste do modelo da isoterma de adsorÃÃo de Langmuir. Estudos sobre a purificaÃÃo em coluna de leito fixo com soluÃÃes monocomponentes, misturas binÃrias e mistura real tambÃm foram realizados. Concluiu-se que a aplicaÃÃo da metodologia proposta para purificaÃÃo do Ãcido lÃtico em coluna de leito fixo mostrou melhores resultados quando a condiÃÃo (temperatura=30ÂC) foi utilizada em ambos os adsorventes. Sendo a resina Amberlite IRA 96, o adsorvente que mostrou melhor eficiÃncia na adsorÃÃo do Ãcido lÃtico.

4

Bowley, Michael Allan. "The adsorption of colloidal material to highly porous ion-exchange resins." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23171.

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5

Löfgren, Rebecka. "Metal ion adsorption of highly mesoporous magnesium carbonate." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nanoteknologi och funktionella material, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388827.

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In this project the adsorption ability of mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC) for copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) was evaluated. This was done by mixing MMC and dissolved metal (of different concentrations) and measuring the concentration of the solution before and after addition of MMC with Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Besides MMC, “ordinary” magnesium carbonate (MgCO_3) was evaluated for comparison. Furthermore, the MMC was characterised with various instruments before and after adsorption of the metals. The adsorption experiments established that MMC was able to adsorb large amounts of Cu, Co and As while MgCO_3 was not. Moreover, it was discovered that both materials adsorbed equally large amounts of Cr. At higher concentrations of Cu and Co the uptake capacity of MMC suddenly dropped. However, for As, it was determined that MMC reached saturation at a concentration of ~22 mg/L. An adsorption experiment of a mixture of metals of 20 mg/L of each metal could not conclude anything about the selectivity of MMC, but the experiment revealed that MMC was able to adsorb all of Cu, Co and As rapidly at this concentration. The characterisation of MMC before adsorption revealed an amorphous structure and a high porosity. The structure of MMC after adsorption of Cu went from amorphous to crystalline and after adsorption of Co and As the structure also became crystalline, but of a lower degree than after adsorption of Cu. Furthermore, it was discovered that ion exchange also occurred along with adsorption.

6

Burcher-Jones, Cody Owen. "Mineralogical and ion-exchange leaching study of a Rare Earth Element (REE) bearing ion-adsorption clay deposit." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30161.

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Rare earth elements (REEs), La to Lu including Y, are vital elements in manufacture of catalysts and metallurgical industries, and play a critical role in meeting future energy demands, such as through their use in permanent magnets in wind turbines. China has dominated more than 90 % of the REE market, with heavy REE (HREE) clay deposits in South China accounting for 35 % of their total REE output. This has prompted the evaluation of ion-adsorption clay (IAC) deposits in tropical regions outside China, namely Madagascar. Clay minerals such as kaolinite are part of the phyllosilicate class, containing structures of shared octahedral aluminium and tetrahedral silicon sheets. Isomorphous substitutions within the lattice leads to a charge imbalance, which accounts for negative charge on kaolinite, thus giving the ability to attract REE cations from aqueous solution to the surface of the clay particle. IAC deposits are formed from the tropical weathering of granite with REE enrichment from accessory minerals. IAC clay samples of two regolith profiles, the pedolith (A1) and saprock (A2, B and F) from northern Madagascar were collected and subjected to a suite of characterisation techniques to investigate the properties of the clay mineral. This included particle size distribution (PSD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy (QEMSCAN), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The geochemical leaching characteristics of the clay mineral were investigated using a sequential leaching program, targeting ion-exchangeable REE on kaolinite, halloysite, REEorganic matter and mineral phase. Ammonium sulphate leach experiments were conducted, varying the ionic strength to determine optimum leaching concentrations. Seawater is easily available at the coastal mine, therefore simulated seawater (NaCl) experiments were conducted with the addition of ammonium sulphate to improve the REE recovery. Compound leaching agents were investigated including varying magnesium / ammonium ratios in a sulphate system as well as ammonium in a varying nitrate / sulphate ratio system. The magnesium ion was investigated to correct the Mg deficiency in soils after leaching and the nitrate ion was investigated due to its high ionic permeability in kaolinite. Ion-adsorption clay leaching includes the leaching of impurities such as Al, Fe, Mg, K, Na, Ca and Mn. Ammoniumsulphate experiments with increasing amounts of ammonium acetate were conducted. Ammonium acetate acts a buffering agent to inhibit the leaching of the main impurity Al. The texture of sample A1 (5 to 6.5 m) was homogenous, with the QEMSCAN results showing Fe minerals distributed through the kaolinite, giving it a red appearance. The saprock samples A2, B and F have a heterogeneous texture due to the preservation of the primary texture. The QEMSCAN results show that this texture is composed of pure white kaolin, kaolin with red staining due to Fe minerals, tawny staining due to Al minerals and black phases containing Mn minerals. These Mn minerals show Ce deposited as the mineral cerianite, unavailable for ion-exchange. The pedolith sample was light REE (LREE) enriched but depleted in total REE (TREE = 1 503 ppm) compared with the saprock samples (TREE = 7 006 ppm on average). The saprock samples show LREE and HREE enrichment with samples A2 and F having La / Gd ratio of 17.4 and Gd / Lu ratios of 1.2. The more crystalline samples A2 and F (Hinckley index 0.40 and 0.44 respectively) are more REE enriched than the more weathered sample B (Hinckley index 0.32). The geochemical characterisation of sample A1 showed decreasing REE recovery from LREE to HREE from kaolinite whereas sample A2 showed consistent recovery across the REEs from kaolinite with both showing little Ce recovery. The best TREE recovery for samples A1 and A2 in the chloride system achieved with was NH4 + (44.3 % and 83.1 % respectively) followed by Na+ (39.5 % and 72.2 %) and Mg2+ (28.9 % and 72.1 % respectively). For sample A1 the recovery from the kaolinite fraction was 37.7 %, halloysite 5.1 %, organic 1.6 % and mineral 55.7 %. The proportion of ion-exchangeable REE is increased in sample A2 showing a recovery from the kaolinite fraction of 66.9 %, halloysite 12.7 %, organic 3.5 % and mineral 16.9 %. The results from increasing the ionic strength of ammonium sulphate shows that TREE leachant concentration increases as the concentration increases but decreases above 0.25 M. This indicates that the ammonium sulphate concentration saturates at 0.25 M and any further lixiviant increase eliminates access to the kaolinite surface. The simulated seawater experiments indicate that some addition of ammonium sulphate is beneficial as the addition of 0.05 M ammonium sulphate almost doubled the TREE leachant concentration. However excess addition of ammonium sulphate above 0.05 M had adverse effects on the leachant concentration of the LREEs. It was concluded from the compound leaching experiments that the Mg2+ ion can be used to supplement ammonium leaching with the greatest leachant concentration using a Mg2+:NH4 + ratio of 1:2 (equal charge). This ratio would produce a high REE leachant concentration while keeping Mg available for plants (flora). Compound leaching with the nitrate ion shows that the greatest REE leachant concentration was with a NO3 - :SO4 2- ratio of 2:1 (equal charge) due to increased nitrate ion permeability. The results from the addition of ammonium acetate as a buffer showed that the buffer inhibited the leaching of Al in both samples A1 and F, with the greatest inhibition at 0.05 M. The characterisation experiments illustrate the complexity of the in-situ clay deposit and further work should use this information to construct leaching models that take into account the heterogeneity of saprock samples. The leaching experiments show that compound leaching can improve REE recovery and further work should incorporate multiple lixiviants in in-situ leaching models.

7

Langford, John F. Jr. "Effects of adsorbent structure and adsorption on transport phenomena in ion-exchange chromatography." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 250 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251904681&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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8

Dietrich, Theo Henry. "The removal of heavy metals from dilute aqueous streams by the use of ion exchange resins." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/887.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering)--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 1998
Ion exchange resins are widely used to remove or concentrate heavy metals from aqueous solutions or slurries.This thesis attempts to properly evaluate the interaction between ion exchange resins and heavy metals at trace metal concentrations.The durability of the resins and their effectiveness in real slurries were also investigated. In this study, a chelating resin, as well as a cation, and anion exchange resin was contacted with aqueous solutions of heavy metals in both free and complexed form. Zinc, nickel and copper cyanide complexes were adsorbed onto the anion exchange resin, while the chelating and cation exchange resins were contacted with zinc and nickel nitrates, and cupric sulphate. All the tests were conducted in batch stirred tank reactors. All the metal cyanide complexes behaved in a similar manner when contacted with the anion exchange resins. These tests were p~rf0nned under variations in temperature, stirring speed, pH., ionic strength and . initial metal 90E~entrations. Fitting of a dual resistance model to the profiles for thetlptllk:e" of the complexes, show that both film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion rates were improved with an increase in temperature, and that film diffusion rates improved with an increase in stirring speed. A high ionic strength negatively affected equilibrium loading as well as diffusional rates.It was found that at these low concentrations, the diffusional rates improves with a decrease in the external metal concentration. A comparative study involving the chelating and cation·exchange resins were performed, during which the resins were contacted with the metals in free fonn. It was found that at high metal concentrations, the chelating resin induced a rate limiting effect, but at trace concentrations, this effect is virtually negated. Whereas the cation exchange resin exhibited little selectivity in adsorbing the metals, it was found that the chelating resin prefers the metals in the eu > Ni > Zn. The chelating resin proved to be no less durable then the cation exchange resin, and both slightly lost their ability to adsorb the metal cations as a result of the effects of an inert coarse sand slurry.Tests performed with a real ore leachate, showed the cation exchange resin to be efficient at a low pH , but also relatively non selective, since the adsorption of copper from the leachate was greatly reduced due to the presence of other heavy metals.

9

Chartrand, Zachary Guy. "The Selective Ion-Exchange Removal of Ammonia from Mining Wastewater." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37543.

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The Canadian mining industry is a multi-billion-dollar effort and one of Canada’s largest industrial sectors, creating jobs and security across the country. Certain practices employed within the industry have led to great developments, while increasing productivity and reducing costs. One such practice is the use of nitrogen-based explosives, which have serious environmental repercussions, namely the introduction of large quantities of ammonia into the ecosystem through means of complex blends of wastewaters also containing various metals. These explosive impacted mining wastewaters (EIMWW), must be treated before being introduced into natural waterways as ammonia pose several threats to the environment including the depletion of dissolved oxygen as well as acute toxicity for fish. Newterra, a provider of modular treatment solutions for water, wastewater and groundwater, requested an assessment of the feasibility of a brine-based ion exchange (IE) system for the removal of ammonia from EIMWW, that would be simple to operate and could be deployed in remote areas. The following thesis consists of an evaluation of several IE materials, to determine the feasibility of an IE system for the treatment of real EIMWW. Potassium and calcium were determined to be the problematic ions present in the EIMWW, potentially leading to competitive adsorption issues. This was accomplished by comparing batch IE isotherms for five different IE materials; one natural zeolite (clinoptilolite), one modified clinoptilolite (Resintech SIR-600), and three synthetic resins (Purolite SSTC60, Amberlite IR120 Na and Bojie BC121 H) using both a synthetic single-solute ammonia wastewater and real EIMWW with a total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration of 3.87 meq TAN/L (~70 mg/L). The three synthetic resins produced the largest reductions in capacities from the effects of competition and featured the following exchange capacities when treating EIMWW: 0.24±0.03, 0.25±0.01 and 0.22±0.001 meq TAN/g for the Purolite, Amberlite and Bojie resins respectively. These were respective reductions of 87±0.96, 86±0.80 and 87±0.03 % compared to their single-solute TAN solution capacities. The two zeolites featured higher multi-component exchange capacities; 0.32±0.04 meq TAN/g for the clinoptilolite and 0.42±0.01 meq TAN/g for the SIR-600. Furthermore, calcium was found to pose minimal competitive effects and potassium was responsible for the most capacity reduction. Batch regeneration experiments with the clinoptilolite and SIR-600 were undertaken to evaluate the long-term performance of both materials. These consisted of IE isotherms with the EIMWW followed by material regeneration with various regenerants including a 2.5 % KCl/2.5 % NaCl, a 5 % KCl, and a 2.5, 5 and 10 % NaCl solution. Ultimately, the 5 % and 10 % NaCl solutions were the only regenerants to result in an increase of capacity with the 10 % solution featuring higher capacities for both materials. After four exchange/regeneration cycles using a 10 % NaCl brine, the clinoptilolite produced the following capacities: 0.16±0.01 meq Ca2+/g, 0.39±0.06 meq K+/g and 0.34±0.02 meq TAN/g. For the same conditions the Resintech SIR-600 resulted in the following capacities: 0.12±0.01 meq Ca2+/g, 0.52±0.01 meq K+/g and 0.46±0.00 meq TAN/g. Based on the higher TAN exchange performance, column studies were performed with the Resintech SIR-600 to validate the material’s performance using a more realistic mode of operation similar to real world applications. This was accomplished by comparing the capacities of the material using both a single solute TAN wastewater as well as the EIMWW and a breakthrough concentration criterion of 0.55 meq TAN/L (~10 mg/L). The EIMWW featured breakthrough after only 50 bed volumes, comparatively to the synthetic TAN solution where breakthrough occurred after 274 bed volumes, indicating that competition played a significant role in the performance of the system.

10

Marinetti, Andrea. "Recovery of Carboxylic acids from anaerobic fermented broth through ionic exchange processes." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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The recovery of Carboxylic acids were based on two particular objective: the study of the efficiency of a cation exchange resin, used in order to reduce the pH of the actual effluent, considering it is necessary to have a low pH for the anion exchange resin to be able to adsorb the acids from the effluent, and the preliminary studies perfomerd on the anion exchange resin, at various flow rates and both mode of operation, expanded and packed bed mode, using a simulated effluent, were the carboxylic acids were represented by just acetic acid, as the target molecule.

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Книги з теми "Adsorption and ion exchange":

1

LeVan, M. Douglas. Adsorption and ion exchange. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008.

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2

1949-, Ausikaitis J. P., Myers Alan L. 1932-, Sweed Norman H. 1943-, American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Meeting, and American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Group 2 (Diffusional Operations and Processes), eds. Adsorption and ion exchange: Recent developments. New York, N.Y: American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1985.

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3

1949-, LeVan M. Douglas, Knaebel Kent S. 1951-, Sircar Shivaji 1944-, Wankat Phillip C. 1944-, and Bolden W. B, eds. Adsorption and ion exchange: Fundamentals and applications. New York, N.Y: American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1988.

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4

1936-, Ma Y. H., Ausikaitis J. P. 1949-, and National Meeting of AIChE (1987 : Houston, Tex.), eds. Recent progress in adsorption and ion exchange. New York, N.Y: American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1987.

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5

National Risk Management Research Laboratory (U.S.). Sustainable Technology Division., ed. Metals Adsorption Workshop: May 5-6, 1998, Cincinnati, Ohio. Cincinnati, OH: Sustainable Technology Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1998.

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6

National Risk Management Research Laboratory (U.S.). Sustainable Technology Division, ed. Metals Adsorption Workshop: May 5-6, 1998, Cincinnati, Ohio. Cincinnati, OH: Sustainable Technology Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1998.

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7

L, Pratt S., Thomas C. W, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Division of Risk Analysis and Applications., and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Adsorption and desorption behavior of selected 10 CFR Part 61 radionuclides from ion exchange resin by waters of different chemical composition. Washington, DC: Division of Risk Analysis and Applications, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2000.

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8

Volesky, Bohumil. Sorption and biosorption. St. Lambert, Québec: BV Sorbex, 2003.

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9

Ulewicz, Małgorzata. Separacja jonów metali nieżelaznych w procesie transportu przez ciekłe membrany zawierające związki makrocykliczne. Częstochowa: Wydawn. Wydziału Inżynierii Procesowej, Materiałowej i Fizyki Stosowanej, Politechniki Częstochowskiej, 2011.

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10

Helfferich, Friedrich G. Ion exchange. New York: Dover Publications, 1995.

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Частини книг з теми "Adsorption and ion exchange":

1

Mersmann, Alfons, Matthias Kind, and Johann Stichlmair. "Adsorption, Chromatography, Ion Exchange." In Thermal Separation Technology, 483–560. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12525-6_9.

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2

Tang, L. X., R. W. Lovitt, J. R. Conder, and M. G. Jones. "Determination of Adsorption/Desorption Kinetics of Proteins on Ion Exchange Media." In Ion Exchange Advances, 222–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2864-3_29.

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3

Abe, Mitsuo, Yasuo Tanaka, and Masamichi Tsuji. "Adsorption and Desorption Behaviour of Arsenic Compounds on Various Inorganic Ion Exchangers." In Ion Exchange Advances, 326–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2864-3_43.

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4

Streat, M., and J. K. Nair. "Adsorption of Trace Metals on Modified Activated Carbons." In Ion Exchange Advances, 264–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2864-3_35.

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5

de Andrade, Deborah C., João M. M. Henrique, E. V. Dos Santos, and Fernanda L. de Souza. "Adsorption and Ion Exchange Permeable Reactive Barriers." In Environmental Pollution, 343–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68140-1_14.

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6

Silva, F. R. C., and C. C. Santana. "Adsorption of Inulinases in Ion-Exchange Columns." In Twenty-First Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 1063–78. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1392-5_83.

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7

Scott, J. A., S. J. Palmer, and G. K. Sage. "Metal Adsorption by Bacterial Capsular Polysaccharide Coatings." In Recent Developments in Ion Exchange, 332–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3449-8_32.

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8

Morton, Philip H., and Andrew Lyddiatt. "Direct Recovery of Protein Products from Whole Fermentation Broths: A role for ion exchange adsorption in fluidised beds." In Ion Exchange Advances, 237–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2864-3_31.

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9

Inoue, Katsutoshi, Kazuharu Yoshizuka, and Yoshinari Baba. "Ion Exchange Adsorption of Metal Ions on Amine and Pyridine Types of Chelating Resins." In Recent Developments in Ion Exchange, 255–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0777-5_24.

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10

Noble, J. B., G. H. Cowan, W. P. Sweetenham, and H. A. Chase. "The Application of Modelling to the Prediction of Adsorption in Batch-Stirred Tanks, Packed-Bed and Fluidised-Bed Columns in Biotechnological Separations." In Ion Exchange Advances, 214–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2864-3_28.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Adsorption and ion exchange":

1

Chan, K. C., Christopher Y. H. Chao, G. N. Sze-To, and K. S. Hui. "Development of New Zeolite 13X/CaCl2 Composite Adsorbent for Air-Conditioning Application." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54052.

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Composite adsorbents synthesized from zeolite 13X and CaCl2 were investigated for applications in solar adsorption systems. The effect of Ca-ion-exchange on the adsorption properties of zeolite 13X was studied. Sodium ions in the zeolite structure were replaced by calcium ions by ion exchange. It was found that the Ca-ion-exchange process decreased the specific surface areas of the Ca-ion-exchanged zeolites while the total pore volumes were increased. The optimized Ca-ion-exchange condition existed when soaking zeolite 13X in 46wt% CaCl2 solution for 36 hours. The increase in the total pore volume is good for further impregnating the zeolite with CaCl2. A large difference in equilibrium water uptake, 0.404g/g, between 25°C and 100°C under 870Pa was recorded for the 13X/CaCl2 composite adsorbent impregnated in 40wt% CaCl2 solution. This was 295% of that of zeolite 13X under the same condition. The 13X/CaCl2 composite adsorbent showed a high potential in replacing vapor compression chillers in producing chilled water for central air-conditioning systems.

2

Zheng, Tingting, Qiang Gan, Jinxin Qian, and Changgen Feng. "Thermodynamics of Pb2+ Adsorption on Amino Ion Exchange Fiber." In 2014 International Conference on Materials Science and Energy Engineering (CMSEE 2014). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814678971_0012.

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3

Wu, Haoran, Shun Yao, Yan Wang, and Hang Song. "Adsorption of Ionic Liquids from Cellulosic Hydrolysate by Ion-exchange Resin." In 2015 Asia-Pacific Energy Equipment Engineering Research Conference. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ap3er-15.2015.61.

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4

Sych, Oleksandr, Svyatoslav Vuchkan, Hanna Vasylyeva, Myroslav Karbovanets, and Marianna Yevych. "THE USE OF NATURAL ZEOLITES OF TRANSCARPATHIA TO SOLVE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/6.2/s24.05.

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Purification of aqueous solutions from radionuclide contamination is an extremely problematic topic, which is the subject of many scientific papers. This scientific topic is very relevant to Ukraine. In particular, the synthetic adsorbents � activated carbon, zeolites, metal oxide-adsorbents TiO2, titanium or zirconium phosphates, ion exchange resins, etc., are often used for the removal of heavy metal cations Pb (II), Cd (II), Ba (II), Hg (II), Sr (II) as well as some anions Cl-, F- from the aquatic environment. A special place among adsorbents is occupied by ion exchange resins, which, as a rule, have an organic matrix, for example, styrene-vinylbenzene with functional groups fixed on it. Ion-exchange resins, along with titanium dioxide and activated carbon, are most widely used in industry to purify aqueous solutions from heavy metal cation and radionuclides. These numbered adsorbents are synthetic materials. However, some adsorbents were created by nature. Natural zeolite, deposits of which are in the Zakarpattya region of Ukraine, are among them. The use of natural zeolites of Transcarpathia can solve some environmental problems caused by 90Sr pollution in the aquatic environment. All chemical processes including adsorption occur in complicated mechanisms and are reversible. After some time, equilibrium has been introduced. These complex mechanisms can be divided into several simple stages, which can be described by a relatively simple mathematical equation. In this study, the adsorption of Sr2+ ions from aqueous solutions by natural zeolite was investigated. And four most common kinetic models were applied for analysis of the experimental adsorption data.

5

Aziz, Muhammad Afiq Afandi Abdul, Malek Selamat, Ismail Ibrahim, Hamdan Yahya, and Aspaniza Ahmad. "Enhancing ion – Exchange leaching of rare earth elements from Malaysian ion adsorption clay sources by using commercial surfactant." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRONICS, ENGINEERING PHYSICS, AND EARTH SCIENCE. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0193105.

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6

Curvelo Santana, José Carlos, Joana Paula Menezes Biazus, Roberto Rodrigues de Souza, and ELIAS BASILE TAMBOURGI. "ION-EXCHANGE EFFECT ON THE PURIFICATION OF AMYLASES FROM MAIZE MALT BY EXPANDED BED ADSORPTION." In Simpósio Nacional de Bioprocessos e Simpósio de Hidrólise Enzimática de Biomassa. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoá, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/sinaferm-2015-34116.

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7

Enascuta, Cristina-Emanuela, Elena-Emilia Oprescu, Catalina Calin, Gabriel Vasilievici, and Cristina Popa. "ADSORPTION OF NITRATE ON MAGNETIC MICROALGAL BIOCHAR." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/6.1/s25.07.

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The presence of nitrate concentration in drinking water can cause high toxicity to the human body, being considered among the most important pollutant in the environment. Among the many methods available such as biological treatment, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, adsorption, ion exchange, adsorption is the most used technique due to its low cost and simplistic design. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to study the retention of nitrate anion from high concentration aqueous solutions on a novel magnetic adsorbent obtained by pyrolysis of de-oiled microalgal biomass. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by textural analysis (specific surface area, pore volume, average pore diameter, pore size distribution), FT-IR and TGA techniques. The influence of nitrate concentration, pH, retention time and adsorbent mass were evaluated. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to three isotherms, namely Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin. The equilibrium isotherms indicate a pH-dependent behavior, characterized by Temkin model at pH=7 and Freundlich model at pH = 9, respectively. In order to estimate the nitrate removal efficiency multiple linear regressions and artificial neural networks were investigated.

8

Dzinun, Hazlini, and Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman. "A Review on Modification of Zeolite for Photocatalytic Applications." In Conference on Center of Diploma Studies (CeDS) 2020/1. Penerbit UTHM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30880/mari.2020.01.01.002.

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Zeolites are microporous crystalline alumina-silicate materials, widely used as catalysts, ion exchangers and adsorbents due to their chemical structure and surface properties. The unique properties of zeolite such as high adsorption capacity and cation exchange make it interesting to be used as a support material. This review article presents the details of various researches of zeolite used as photocatalyst in photocatalytic application. The modifications of zeolite using several methods are described in details for photocatalytic enhancement. The effect of zeolite nanoparticles in membrane fabrication also provided in this article. Furthermore, the efficiency of zeolite used as adsorbents and photocatalyst in the photocatalytic application also presented.

9

JIANG, H., W. TANG, J. P. ZHANG, B. Y. ZHAO, and Y. C. XIE. "STUDIES ON THE ADSORPTION PROPERTIES OF ION-EXCHANGED LOW SILICA X ZEOLITE." In Proceedings of the Third Pacific Basin Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704320_0022.

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10

YOSHIDA, HIROYUKI, and WILMER GALINADA. "ADSORPTION OF H3PO4, NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4, AND Na3PO4 ON STRONGLY BASIC ION EXCHANGER." In Proceedings of the Second Pacific Basin Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812793331_0139.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Adsorption and ion exchange":

1

Mattigod, Shas V., Elizabeth C. Golovich, Dawn M. Wellman, Elsa A. Cordova, and Ronald M. Smith. Uranium Adsorption on Ion-Exchange Resins - Batch Testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1009765.

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2

Vorres, K. S. Ion exchange and adsorption on low rank coals for liquefaction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10179944.

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3

Parker, Kent E., Elizabeth C. Golovich, and Dawn M. Wellman. Iodine adsorption on ion-exchange resins and activated carbons: batch testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1163822.

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4

Waisner, Scott, Victor Medina, Charles Ellison, Jose Mattei-Sosa, John Brasher, Jacob Lalley, and Christopher Griggs. Design, construction, and testing of the PFAS Effluent Treatment System (PETS), a mobile ion exchange–based system for the treatment of per-, poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated water. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43823.

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Poly-,Per-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are versatile chemicals that were incorporated in a wide range of products. One of their most important use was in aqueous film-forming foams for fighting liquid fuel fires. PFAS compounds have recently been identified as potential environmental contaminants. In the United States there are hundreds of potential military sites with PFAS contamination. The ERDC designed and constructed a mobile treatment system to address small sites (250,000 gallons or less) and as a platform to field test new adsorptive media. The PFAS Effluent Treatment System (PETS) has cartridge filters to remove sediments and a granular activated carbon (GAC) media filter to remove organic compounds that might compete with PFAS in the ion exchange process, although it may also remove PFAS too. The last process is an ion exchange resin specifically designed to remove PFAS to a target level of 70 ng/L or less (equivalent to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Drinking Water Health Advisory). The system was tested at Hurlburt Field, a US Air Force facility in Florida and at Naval Support Activity (NSA) Mid-South in Millington, TN.

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Balmer, M. L., and B. C. Bunker. Inorganic ion exchange evaluation and design: Silicotitanate ion exchange waste conversion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/85908.

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Wallace, R. M. Ion Exchange Membrane Processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/804675.

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Yen, S. N., J. A. Pike, R. A. Jacobs, M. R. Poirier, B. M. Sahawneh, and R. K. Leugemors. Evaluation of Alternate Ion Exchange Designs for CST Non-Elutable Ion Exchange Process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/782667.

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JPH Sukamto, ML Lilga, and RK Orth. Electrically Switched Cesium Ion Exchange. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1118.

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Lilga, M. A., R. J. Orth, J. P. H. Sukamto, D. T. Schwartz, S. M. Haight, and J. D. Genders. Electrically switched cesium ion exchange. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/495697.

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Duhn, E. F. Ion exchange technology assessment report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6420524.

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