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Статті в журналах з теми "Administration: Finance, 1920"
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Shumna, L. P., L. А. Maslova, and O. S. Dudchenko. "FORMS OF ACTIVITY OF THE PEOPLE’S COMMISSIONER OF FINANCE OF THE USSR IN THE 1920’s." Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Law 2022, no. 2 (July 12, 2022): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjlaw.2022.02.026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article, based on the analysis of scientific approaches to understanding the form of activity of public administration bodies, examines the concepts and types of activity forms of the People’s Commissariat of Finance of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic in the 1920s. The form of activity of public administration bodies of the USSR in the 1920s is the external design of administrative activity. Regarding the activities of public administration bodies of the USSR in the 1920s, it is possible to apply the generally accepted in legal science division of forms of administrative activity into legal and non-legal. It is proved that the legal form of activity of the People’s Commissariat of Finance of the USSR (Plenipotentiary of the People’s Commissariat of Finance of the RSFSR under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR) in the 1920s is manifested in the following forms: adoption of regulations (orders and regulations of the) Board of the People’s Commissariat of Finance of the USSR); adoption of individual acts. The Administrative Code of the USSR of October 12, 1927 regulated the procedure for announcing normative (administrative) acts. A special group of regulations of that time were administrative acts. Individual acts are defined as administrative prescriptions of a personalized nature, adopted in the process of authoritative activity of public administration in order to ensure the tasks of administrative and legal regulation. Such acts include resolutions of the board of the People’s Commissariat of Finance of the USSR (Plenipotentiary of the People’s Commissariat of Finance of the RSFSR under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR). Key words: public administration, Council of the people’s commissariat, constitution, people’s commissariat, body of state power, organizational forms, legal forms.
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Uwakonye, Matthew, Jaron Schneider, G. Solomon Osho, and Onochie Jude Dieli. "The Effects of COVID-19 on the Social Security System: A Public Finance Perspective." Journal of Public Management Research 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpmr.v7i1.20354.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently, the country is still recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic, during which the Federal Government was forced to expand many of the programs under the Social Security Administration. During the height of the pandemic, government spending has increased to an obligation of 4.16 trillion. As the general public celebrated the booming economy of the mid and early 1920’s the economy appeared to grow at a steady rate of approximately 5%, while the unemployment rate at the time averaged around 4%. Because of this boom in the economy, many Americans moved into cities and began to invest heavily in the stock market and other nontraditional investments for the time that promised the greatest return on their investment.
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Perge, János, and Erika Perge. "National Defence of Hungary – Military Units and Military Facilities of Debrecen (Part 2)." Hadtudományi Szemle 15, no. 3 (December 8, 2022): 103–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32563/hsz.2022.3.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The army has always played a major role in the performance of defence tasks in Hungary. This article presents the development of Hungary’s national defence from the collapse of the Austro–Hungarian Monarchy in 1918 to the present day. It describes the ground, cavalry and air units of the Royal Hungarian Army stationed in Debrecen since 1920, the military facilities used by the Soviet Red Army in Debrecen, and the units of the Hungarian Defence Forces operating in the city. It presents the work, activities, tasks and military facilities of the following entities: HDF 5th “István Bocskai” Infantry Brigade, HDF 24th “Gergely Bornemissza” Reconnaissance Regiment, HDF 2nd “vitéz Antal Vattay” Territorial Defence Regiment, 3rd “Sándor Oláh” Territorial Defence Battalion and the HDF Military Administration and Central Registry Command 2nd Augmentation and Recruitment Centre, and the 3rd Augmentation and Recruitment Office, the last two of which being responsible for providing supplies.
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Ernst, Daniel R. "Ernst Freund, Felix Frankfurter, and the American Rechtsstaat: A Transatlantic Shipwreck, 1894–1932." Studies in American Political Development 23, no. 2 (September 25, 2009): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x09990058.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
From the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 through the New Deal, American legislators commonly endowed administrative agencies with broad discretionary power. They did so over the objections of an intellectual founder of the American administrative state. The American-born, German-educated lawyer and political scientist Ernst Freund developed an Americanized version of the Rechtsstaat—a government bound by fixed and definite rules—in an impressive body of scholarship between 1894 and 1915. In 1920 he eagerly took up an offer from the Commonwealth Fund to finance a comprehensive study of administration in the United States. Here was his chance to show that a Continental version of the Rule of Law had come to America. Unfortunately for Freund, the Commonwealth Fund yoked him to the Austrian-born, American-educated Felix Frankfurter, a celebrant of the enlightened discretion of administrators. Freund's major publication for the Commonwealth Fund, Administrative Powers over Persons and Property (1928), made little impression on scholars of administrative law, who took their lead from Frankfurter. Today the Rechtsstaat is largely the beau ideal of libertarian critics of the New Deal; few recognize that it is also part of the diverse legacy of Progressive reform.
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Suwandy, Dhanico, Triesanto Romulo Simanjuntak, and Roberto Octavianus Cornelis Seba. "HUBUNGAN LINTAS SELAT TAIWAN DAN TIONGKOK TERKAIT KETERGANTUNGAN DAGANG PADA PEMERINTAHAN TSAI ING-WEN." BHUVANA: Journal of Global Studies 1, no. 2 (October 3, 2023): 209–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.59408/bjgs.v1i2.66.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Taiwan and China are two countries that have a long history of ideology, government, and territory. The two countries have been at war since 1920 between the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang until the ROC government finally moved to the island of Taiwan. Since then, cross-strait relations politically have not been good. On the other hand, trade between the two countries is very good, especially after the formation of the ECFA trade agreement in 2010 which made exports and imports easier. In trade expectations theory, this research analyzes the existence of a “peaceful trade” relationship between the two countries through trade and investment. China has trade dependence on Taiwan in integrated circuit commodities because Taiwan can produce good quality integrated circuits. Based on the principle of dependency, trade relations create “peaceful trade” conditions for cross-strait relations in unstable political conditions. Integrated circuits are also needed by many countries so that Taiwan can control 60% of trade in the global market. Taiwan also has dependence on China for FDI. The value of Taiwan’s FDI to China in 2021 is 46 times higher than integrated circuit exports to China in 2021. This research looks at cross-strait relations between Taiwan and China in ECFA cooperation regarding cross-border trade during the Tsai Ing-wen administration. The qualitative method used in this research took data from the Ministry of Finance of Taiwan. This research analyzes the trade relations between the two countries from exports, imports and FDI as the main findings so that the dependence of the economies of the two countries to date has created conditions for cross-strait relations.
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Belykh, A. A., and V. A. Mau. "Economic reforms in the USSR: 1921—1985." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 11 (November 8, 2023): 81–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2023-11-81-108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper deals with the theory and practical experience of Soviet economic reforms in 1921—1985. The authors discuss current literature on the subject and suggest methodological tools for the analysis of Soviet economic reforms, their stages and conceptions. Special attention is paid to the “new economic policy” of the 1920s (nep) and “Kosygin reform” of 1965. The authors figure out three basic concepts of Soviet reforms: improvement of planning administration, development of the key indicator of economic performance, and complex improvements of the economic mechanism
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Maksimović, Nebojša. "State supervision over the local self-government in the Vidovdan Constitution." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 60, no. 90 (2021): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn0-32306.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the process of adopting the Vidovdan Constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1921), one of the topical issues was the form of supervision that the state government would exercise over the local self-government. In this article, the author first elaborates on the development of this constitutional document, with specific reference to the constitutional drafts proposed by the governments of Milenko Vesnić and Nikola Pašić, the amendments introduced by the Constitutional Committee, and the adoption of the constitution in the Constituent Assembly on 28 June 1921 (St. Vitus Day). The Vodovdan Constitution was the legal ground for adopting two important legislative acts in April 1922: the Law on General Administration and the Law on Regional and District Self-Governmnent. The author analyzes the constitutional and statutory provisions that regulated the legal position of state authorities in the administrative districts, counties and local self-government bodies, as well as their mutual relations. State supervision over the local self-government activities, primarily at the regional (district) level, has been observed in the context of state supervision over the administrative acts/ documents and local administrative bodies. In particular, the author focuses on the supervision over regional finances, considering not only the importance of these funds for the functioning of the regional self-government but also the restrictions which the regional government was exposed to. The aim of the research is to point out to the legal relations between the central (state) administration and local self-government in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, which were initially envisaged in the Vidovdan Constitution and subsequently instituted by the the 1922 Law on Regional and District Self-Government.
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Gardner, Leigh. "The curious incident of the franc in the Gambia: exchange rate instability and imperial monetary systems in the 1920s." Financial History Review 22, no. 3 (December 2015): 291–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565015000232.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1922, British colonial Gambia demonetized the French 5-franc coin, which had been legal tender at a fixed rate in the colony since 1843. Until World War I, this rate was close to the international rate under the gold standard. When the franc began to depreciate in 1918, however, a gap emerged between the Gambian rate and the international rate, prompting a rapid influx of the coins. The demonetization cost the colonial administration over a year's revenue, affecting the later development of the colony. The 1920s have long been a fruitful period for the study of monetary history owing to the instability of exchange rates during and after the war. This article extends the study of this period to examine the impact of these changes on dependent colonies in West Africa, highlighting the importance of local compromises and particularities in colonial monetary systems.
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Hamid, Nadiah, Suzana Saruji, Roszilah Shamsuddin, and Rani Othman. "Determining the Factors of Tax Agents’ Readiness Towards the Digitalisation of Tax Administration." Review of Economics and Finance 21 (2023): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55365/1923.x2023.21.4.
Повний текст джерела
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Zolkover, Andrii, Inna Tiutiunyk, Vitalina Babenko, Maryna Melnychuk, Larysa Ivanchenkova, and Nataliia Lagodiienko. "The Quality of Tax Administration, Macroeconomic Stability and Economic Growth: Assessment and Interaction." Review of Economics and Finance 20 (2022): 654–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.55365/1923.x2022.20.76.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Administration: Finance, 1920"
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Seidner, Blake. "The Balance Between Financial and Quality Performance in For-Profit Hospitals versus Non-Profit Hospitals." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1950.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent trends of financial distress for non-profit hospitals and the uptick in acquisition of these hospitals by for-profit entities indicate different focuses from the management of each type of hospital. Using data on hospital quality and basic financial measures, this study examines shift in the balance of financial and quality performance. The dataset focuses on private non-profit and for-profit hospitals with low bed counts, ranging from 50-200 total beds. Results indicate a positive relationship between for-profit status and basic financial performance measures, such as profitability, and a negative relationship with patient experience, cost reduction for the patient, and overall quality. This signals a tradeoff between financial performance and quality, especially measures relating to the customer. For-profit hospital management places more of an emphasis on the financial performance while non-profit hospital management demonstrates a balance between financial performance and high quality performance. Without being involved in hospital management decision-making, examining hospital outcomes is the best way to give insight into how hospital management is shifts performance priorities by different types of ownership.
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Spermann, Alexander. "Kommunales Krisenmanagement : Reaktionen baden-württemberbergischer Stadtkreise auf steigende Sozialhilfekosten und Einnahmenausfälle (1980-92) /." Frankfurt am Main ; Berlin ; Bern [etc.] : P. Lang, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374396819.
Повний текст джерела
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Manfoumbi-Mikala, Jérôme Thierry. "L' action fiscale au Moyen-Congo, 1920-1956." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10096.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Depuis l'article 33 de la loi des finances du 13 avril 1900 sur l'autonomie financière des colonies françaises, le Moyen-Congo subvenait à ses dépenses par ses recettes propres. L'argent nécessaire au fonctionnement de l'administration coloniale venait en grande partie de la fiscalité notamment de la capitation. Tout au long de la période 1920-1956, l'action fiscale au Moyen-Congo fut différemment menée. On passa d'une forte pression fiscale de 1920 à 1935, à une politique d'allègement des impôts effective dès 1937, avant que la Seconde Guerre mondiale ne poussât au relèvement de la fiscalité entre 1940 et 1945. Entre-temps, les autochtones entraient dans le jeu de l'action fiscale. Ils y étaient déjà impliqués par le rôle des chefs autochtones dans la levée de l'impôt. Mais ce furent par le biais des conseils de notables dès 1937, et de l'Assemblée représentative dès 1947, que les Africains du Moyen-Congo entrèrent dans le jeu fiscal pour délibérer de l'impôt. Les élus Congolais pouvaient dès lors exprimer, dès 1949, leur désir de supprimer la capitation, avant que l'impératif du développement des campagnes ne les poussât, malgré l'aide du Fides, à inventer la "taxe régionale" en 1954.
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Geißler, René. "Empirische Untersuchung zur kommunalen Haushaltsreform im Freistaat Sachsen." Master's thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1950/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Die Arbeit behandelt die kommunale Haushaltsreform (Doppik) am Beispiel der Kommunen des Freistaates Sachsen. Die Arbeit widmet sich mit den Haushaltsplänen dem wichtigsten Steuerungsinstrument der öffentlichen Verwaltung und mit der Doppik der umfassendsten Verwaltungsreform der Bundesrepublik. Einleitend werden die Bedeutung des Instrumentes und die Schwächen des bestehenden Haushaltsrechts erläutert, bevor auf die Grundlagen und Intentionen der Haushaltsreform eingegangen wird. Die Haushaltsreform stellt die Kommunen vor große fachliche und materielle Herausforderungen und trifft daher in der Implementation häufig auf Widerstand. Am Beispiel der sächsischen Kommunen wurde auf Grundlage einer repräsentativen quantitativen Befragung unter 100 Städten der Umsetzungs- und Planungsstand einzelner Elemente der Doppik erhoben. Die Kommunen fühlten sich vor Allem durch das Innenministerium nur ungenügend in den Reformprozess einbezogen und waren über Inhalte und Fristen verunsichert. Zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung lagen noch keine Rechtsentwürfe oder Empfehlungen des Innenministeriums vor. Dennoch hatten bereits ein Drittel der Kommunen mit der Umsetzung und ein weiteres Drittel mit deren Planung begonnen.
Zusätzlich wurden qualitativ die Landratsämter als untere Kommunalaufsicht, der Sächsische Rechnungshof, das Staatsministerium des Innern, der Städtetag und die Landtagsfraktionen in die Befragung einbezogen. Auf dieser Basis konnten in einem zweiten Schritt zentrale Einflussfaktoren auf die Reformumsetzung wie die finanzielle Lage, Einwohnerzahl, Status, politische Konstellation, Kommunalaufsicht oder Rolle des Kämmerers untersucht werden. Im Ergebnis zeichnet sich eine typische zeitlich aufeinander folgende Vorgehensweise in der Umsetzung der Reformelemente Inventur, Bilanzierung, Kosten- und Leistungsrechnung und Produkthaushalt ab. Wesentlich begünstigender Einflussfaktor ist der Grad der persönlichen Überzeugung des Kämmerers, wohingegen Größe und Finanzen der Stadt keine Rolle spielen. Darüber hinaus ist die Haushaltsreform kein originär politisches Thema sondern eher eine verwaltungsinterne Problemstellung, was durch das geringe Interesse der Parteien, der Öffentlichkeit und der lokalen Politik bestätigt wird. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit unterstreichen die Bedeutung des Schlüsselakteurs für den Verlauf politisch-administrativer Prozesse, welcher in Fragen der Kommunalfinanzen der Kämmerer ist. Der stärkste Hebel in der Förderung nicht nur der Rechtsumsetzung sondern auch der Intentionen liegt daher in der fachlichen Qualifikation des Kämmerers als Multiplikator.
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Jumeau, Catherine. "Les receveurs municipaux sous la IIIe République." Paris, EPHE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPHE4192.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Avant 1941, dans les villes grandes et moyennes, on trouvait, pour tenir les comptes, recouvrer les recettes et payer les dépenses locales, des receveurs municipaux qui étaient choisis par la ville elle-même et soumis à l’autorité du maire. Ils avaient hérité d’un passé remontant aux origines mêmes du fait urbain, au moment où le regroupement des hommes et des richesses avait permis l’émergence de fiscalités et d’administrations autonomes. Avec la loi du 5 avril 1884, ils furent chargés de conforter les institutions républicaines au sein d’une nouvelle configuration dans laquelle le local servait d’assise à la politique nationale. Leur pérennité manifestait la force d’un pouvoir municipal qui résistait à toutes les velléités de contrôle des comptes, jusqu’au moment où, en 1930, ils changèrent soudain de camp, demandant à entrer dans les cadres du ministère des Finances. Instruments de deux pouvoirs revendiquant chacun une forte légitimité, ils nous conduisent au plus profond des liens financiers noués entre les communes et l’État, ainsi que dans les failles de l’articulation générale entre centralisation et décentralisation. Les hommes étaient à l’image du rôle qu’on leur faisait jouer. Fortement impliqués dans la vie de la cité, ils n’étaient pas des techniciens mais des notables ou des militants. Émanations de la ville qu’ils allaient servir, ils ne pouvaient remplir la mission de contrôle comptable qui leur avait été assignée mais finirent par intérioriser la contrainte normative qui pesait sur eux. L’étude de ces personnages méconnus agit comme un révélateur des pratiques et des représentations en matière de comptabilité, de finances et de gouvernement localAvant 1941, dans les villes grandes et moyennes, on trouvait, pour tenir les comptes, recouvrer les recettes et payer les dépenses locales, des receveurs municipaux qui étaient choisis par la ville elle-même et soumis à l’autorité du maire. Ils avaient hérité d’un passé remontant aux origines mêmes du fait urbain, au moment où le regroupement des hommes et des richesses avait permis l’émergence de fiscalités et d’administrations autonomes. Avec la loi du 5 avril 1884, ils furent chargés de conforter les institutions républicaines au sein d’une nouvelle configuration dans laquelle le local servait d’assise à la politique nationale. Leur pérennité manifestait la force d’un pouvoir municipal qui résistait à toutes les velléités de contrôle des comptes, jusqu’au moment où, en 1930, ils changèrent soudain de camp, demandant à entrer dans les cadres du ministère des Finances. Instruments de deux pouvoirs revendiquant chacun une forte légitimité, ils nous conduisent au plus profond des liens financiers noués entre les communes et l’État, ainsi que dans les failles de l’articulation générale entre centralisation et décentralisation. Les hommes étaient à l’image du rôle qu’on leur faisait jouer. Fortement impliqués dans la vie de la cité, ils n’étaient pas des techniciens mais des notables ou des militants. Émanations de la ville qu’ils allaient servir, ils ne pouvaient remplir la mission de contrôle comptable qui leur avait été assignée mais finirent par intérioriser la contrainte normative qui pesait sur eux. L’étude de ces personnages méconnus agit comme un révélateur des pratiques et des représentations en matière de comptabilité, de finances et de gouvernement local
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Neal, Jo Ann. "Examination of Resource Allocation and Student Achievement." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1910.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite the raise in per-pupil expenditures, the achievement gap between economically advantaged and disadvantaged students continues to increase. Education proponents are scrambling to understand the complexities of local school funding. The No Child Left behind deadline stipulated that all students must be proficient in language arts and mathematics by 2014. The constructivist theory served as the conceptual framework for the study. Performance data were obtained from the State of New Jersey Department of Education and the United States Department of Education. This quantitative study determined whether a significant relationship exists between the allocation of fiscal resources and students' test scores. Improvement District Survey data were obtained from the New Jersey school district. District test results for Grades 6, 7, and 8 in language arts and mathematics from the 2011-2012 school year were used. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed no significant relationship between the allocation of fiscal resources and student achievement other than a significant relationship (25%) between mathematics achievement and educational media services/school library. The Improvement District Survey results revealed that the New Jersey district is capable of aligning their improvement efforts with the barriers and challenges of teachers. These findings have implications for positive social change for education officials by informing their allocation of fiscal resources. This informed approach will support increased student achievement and will add to the current research of allocation patterns and student performance.
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Allé, Camille. "Les politiques des finances locales : transformations des relations financières central/local en France (1970-2010)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ces dernières années, en France, les finances publiques locales ont fait l’objet de deux réformes d’ampleur, particulièrement médiatisées tant l’histoire dans ce domaine est jalonnée d’échecs et de réformes à la marge. La suppression de la taxe professionnelle, remplacée par une contribution économique territoriale, ainsi que la baisse sans précédent de la dotation globale de fonctionnement, ont pour effet de limiter les recettes des collectivités et pèsent indirectement sur leurs dépenses. Autrement dit, ces réformes témoigneraient de la capacité de l’Etat à imposer aux gouvernements locaux davantage de contrainte budgétaire, conformément à la discipline qu’il applique aux administrations centrales ainsi qu’aux organismes de Sécurité sociale. Des transformations identiques, voire plus marquées, s’opèrent dans d’autres pays européens. Partant de ce constat, cette thèse cherche à montrer dans quelle mesure et comment l’Etat parvient à changer les règles en matière de finances locales de telle sorte qu’elles soient davantage compatibles avec un objectif de long terme de maîtrise des dépenses, de la dette et des déficits publicsThis last years in France, two important reforms of local public finance were adopted, the reform of the business tax and the decrease of grants. It was widely advertised in the local and national press. Actually, the history of local public finance is caracterized by the failure of reforms. It could be analized as an illustration of the state capacity to impose budget consolidation and fiscal constrain to subnational governments. Identical change takes place in other european countries. This thesis shows in what extent and how the state succeed in changing the rules of local public finance to be more compatible with a long term goal of fiscal consolidation
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Johnson, Benjamin A. "Fundraising and Endowment Building at a Land Grant University During the Critical Period, 1910-1940: The Failure of Ohio State." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1386057443.
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Feiertag, Olivier. "Wilfrid Baumgartner, les finances de l'Etat et l'économie de la Nation (1902-1978) : un grand commis à la croisée des pouvoirs." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biographie d'un haut fonctionnaire de l'économie et des finances au XXe siècle, fondée sur l'exploitation de sources publiques et privées, dont les papiers personnels de W. Baumgartner, cette étude éclaire les modalités de l’intervention de l’Etat dans l'économie entre 1925 et 1960. Successivement directeur du mouvement général des fonds au ministère des finances dans les années trente, puis président du Crédit national perdent la guerre et l'Occupation, gouverneur de la Banque de France sous le IVème république, ministre des finances aux débuts de la Vème république, W. Baumgartner eut tout a la foi la carrière d'un grand commis, et d'un grand financier.
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Es-Sehab, Boutayeb. "La réforme budgétaire au Maghreb (Maroc-Algérie-Tunisie) face aux défis d'une nouvelle gouvernance financière performante." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La thèse vise à analyser le système des finances publiques dans les trois pays du Maghreb (Maroc, Algérie et Tunisie) en mettant l’accent sur les insuffisances aux plans juridique, institutionnel, administratif, fiscal et financier, sur les contraintes structurelles et les tendances lourdes au regard des exigences de transparence et de la performance et d’exposer des axes stratégiques d’alternatives crédibles pour l’amélioration des procédures fiscales et budgétaires. Les pays du Maghreb sont donc à la recherche d’un nouveau modèle de gouvernance plus ouvert, plus transparent et plus responsable. La réforme budgétaire s'inscrit dans le contexte d'une réforme en profondeur des Etats du Maghreb à travers le renforcement du contrôle budgétaire et la modernisation de l'administration publique, notamment de ses modes de gestion financiers et managériaux tant au niveau central que déconcentré par le recours à la programmation pluriannuelle (CDMT), la globalisation des crédits, la contractualisation et la déconcentration budgétaire. Pour y parvenir, la réforme budgétaire conditionne une volonté politique forte et un pilotage administratif permanent. En outre, elle doit être comprise dans le sens le plus global, pragmatique, progressif, inclusif et participatif d'une démarche fondée sur le passage d’un modèle uniquement structuré par nature de moyens et contrôlé par la régularité au regard de la réglementation, à un modèle également structuré par les objectifs des politiques et contrôlé par les résultatsThe thesis aims at analyzing the system of public finances in the three Maghreb countries (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia) by focussing on the insufficiencies to the plans legal, institutional, administrative, tax and financial, on the constraints structural and the heavy tendencies with the glance as of requirements of transparency and of the performance and to expose strategic axes of credible alternatives for the improvement of the tax and budgetary procedures. The Maghreb countries are thus in search of a new model of governance more opened, more transparent and more responsible.The budgetary reform falls under the context of an in-depth reform of the States of the Maghreb through the budgetary intensifying of the control and the modernization of the public administration, in particular of its financial and managerial ways of managing as well at the central level as decentralized by the recourse to the multiannual programming (CDMT), the globalisation of the appropriations, the contractualisation and budgetary devolution.For that purpose, the budgetary reform conditions a strong political will and a permanent administrative piloting. Moreover, it must be understood in the direction most total, pragmatic, progressive, inclusive and participative of a approach based on the passage of a model only structured by nature of means and controlled by the regularity in comparison with the regulation, with a model also structured by the objectives of the policies and controlled by the results
Книги з теми "Administration: Finance, 1920"
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1862-1934, Drouin Napoléon, ed. Drouin Administration rendering accounts to ratepayers, 1910-14. [Québec: s.n., 1995.
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Massachusetts, State Library of. Index to Administrative bulletins, 1960-Present. Boston, Mass: The Library, 1988.
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3
Vosges, Archives départementales des. Administration et comptabilité communales, 1800-1940: Répertoire numérique détaillé. Epinal: Conseil général des Vosges, 2007.
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l'Allier, Archives départementales de. Répertoire numérique de la série N: Administration et comptabilité départementales, 1800-1940. Yzeure: Les Archives, 1992.
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Islas, Joel Cervantes. La inflación en dos marcos cambiarios: El caso de seis países latinoamericanos en el período 1960-1980. México, D.F: Centro de Estudios Monetarios Latinoamericanos, Departamento de Investigaciones, 1985.
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départementales, Haute-Vienne (France) Archives. Répertoire numérique détaillé de la série O: Administration et comptabilité communales du département de la Haute-Vienne de 1800 à 1940. Limoges: Archives départementales de la Haute-Vienne, 1992.
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Poland. Mutual legal assistance treaty with Poland: Message from the President of the United States transmitting treaty between the United States of America and the government of the Republic of Poland on mutual legal assistance in criminal matters, signed at Washington on July 10, 1996. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.
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Poland. Atomic energy: Peaceful uses of nuclear energy : agreement between the United States of America and Poland, signed at Vienna September 18, 1991. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1998.
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Poland. Investment guaranties: Agreement between the United States of America and the Polish People's Republic, signed at Warsaw October 13, 1989. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1996.
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Poland. Uregulowania traktatowe Polski w latach 1945-1998: Teksty wybranych dwustronnych umów politycznych zawartych przez Polskę z niektórymi krajami europejskimi. Koszalin: Wydawn. Uczelniane Bałtyckiej Wyższej Szkoły Humanistycznej, 1999.
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"Financial Administration." In The United Nations System and its Predecessors, edited by Franz Knipping, 542–61. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198764496.003.0009.
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Abstract Bibliographical references: H.B. Ames: The League of Nations. Financial Administration and Apportionment of Expenses, Geneva (Information Section, L.N. Secretariat) 1923; S. Jacklin: The Finances of the League, International Affairs 13 (1934), 689-696; J. D. Singer: The Finances of the League of Nations, International Organisation 13 (1959), 255-273. Source: L.N., Records of the Third Assembly 1922, Plenary Meetings, I, 351; II, 2u; Records of the Fourth Assembly 1923, Fourth Committee 58, 194 [C.663.M.266.1923.X. of 15 October 1923].
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Collins, Lawrence. "Floating Charges, Receivers and Managers and the Conflict of Laws." In Essays in International Litigation and the Conflict of Laws, 433–56. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198265665.003.0012.
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Abstract Interest in the topics dealt with in this article was stimulated by professional involvement in the insolvency of the Rolls-Royce aero-engine company in 1971, the forerunner of many modern international insolvencies. The analysis and conclusions in this article have been generally adopted: see Wood, Law and Practice of International Finance (1980), Chap. 15; Picarda, Law Relating to Receivers, Managers and Administrative Receivers (2nd ed., 1990), Chap. 40. Since it was written, the Insolvency Act 1986 has established the mutual recognition of receivers appointed in different parts of the United Kingdom. An important development was the introduction by the same legislation of the ‘administrative receiver’. The administrative receiver is a receiver or manager of a company’s property appointed by or on behalf of debenture holders under a charge. This status expands the powers of a purely contractual receiver, for example to obtain information about the affairs of the company from third parties.
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Burri, Michael. "Clemens Pirquet." In Remaking Central Europe, 39–70. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854685.003.0003.
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This chapter traces the professional ascent of Clemens Pirquet, a central figure in the international postwar humanitarian relief effort in Austria and a contributing expert at the League of Nations Health Organization in the 1920s. Pirquet administered American Relief Administration resources in Austria between 1919 and 1922, using his own Pirquet System of Nutrition. Pirquet had worked at Johns Hopkins, and his postwar ascent suggests the postwar significance of prewar international networks. His career as a scientist also underscores the importance of depersonalized data and statistics for an emerging (American) postwar model of public health, as experts in science and public policy sought to universalize the ideal of humanitarian relief around the figure of the child. The Rockefeller Foundation financed much of this new public health model, and Foundation advisers knew Pirquet well. Meanwhile, local politics mattered, as Pirquet was engaged in a bitter rivalry with Socialist leadership of 1920s Vienna.
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Julies, Anthony. "Alternative Utilizations of Government Guarantees." In Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Future of Africa and Policy Development, 98–118. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8771-3.ch006.
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The potential catalytic role of sovereign guarantees as a public finance management (PFM) instrument of government to assess sovereign credit rating outcomes is explored. The New Institutional Economics (NIE) framework offers alternative considerations in this regard. The use of government guarantees to improve societal outcomes linked to public infrastructure investments, and state-owned enterprises' (SOEs) corporate governance performance, has enormous potential to advance Africa's growth and development agenda. Ineffective public administrative reforms between 1960 and 1980 heightened public disillusionment with government service delivery performance. The introduction of private sector risk management techniques into PFM practices as part of the ‘Washington Consensus' reform agenda may have contributed to present-day inadequacies in sovereign guarantee management practices (SGMP). This weakness can be mitigated by utilizing and managing sovereign guarantees to SOEs within an active sovereign asset and liability management (SALM) framework, thereby supporting sovereign credit rating outcomes in Africa.
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Autant-Mathieu, Marie-Christine. "Financial and Administrative Changes in the Moscow Art Theater (1917–1938). Stages of Transformation of a Theatrical Partnership on Shares into a State Theater: To Raise the Question." In Codex manuscriptus, 376–424. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/cm.2949-0510-2023-3-376-424.
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This first study of the administrative and financial transformations in the Moscow Art Theater after October 1917 goes beyond the history of a single theater troupe and clearly shows both the changes inevitable in the transition to a new regime and the ways and tricks that had to be resorted to in order to adapt, survive and maintain the proper level of creativity. The Moscow Art Theater (MAT) is one of the few private companies that, immediately after the October Revolution, were included, thanks to their authority in the field of acting and directing, among the State Academic theatres; it was able to maintain some financial autonomy until the end of the 1920s, and in administrative terms to exist without a communist director until 1929. State funding, which the theater managed to limit until the end of the NEP, eventually destroyed it from the inside. Very vulnerable in the 1920s due to their realistic aesthetics and apoliticality, the aged founders gradually gain in the 1930s privileged status, but their presence in the theater becomes honorary. It was impossible to defend one’s position without patrons. First they were defended by Lunacharsky, then by Gorky. When the Meyerhold Theater was closed in 1938, and the Old Art Theater left along with Stanislavsky, the State established full control over the theater and generously financed it, turning it into a model for the entire USSR.
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Doojav, Gan-Ochir, Davaajargal Luvsannyam, Bilguun Sukhbaatar, Bilguunzul Sodnomdarjaa, Tsolmon Otgonbat, Khuslen Batmunkh, Munkhbayar Gantumur, and Elbegjargal Enkh-Amgalan. "Development and Access to Finance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Mongolia." In Innovative Management and Business Practices in Asia, 265–94. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1566-2.ch014.
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This chapter presents a recent survey on the development and accessibility for finance of small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) in Mongolia. The survey covers a sample of 1922 SMEs from Ulaanbaatar, the capital city, and 21 provinces. We find that banks and local government administrations are the most supportive institutions for SME development. Political instability, corruption, and labour supply, a high lending rate, short maturity loans, and service fees are perceived as the major obstacles that SMEs face in the business environment. Our results also suggest that SMEs in Mongolia are less likely to have access to external finance because of tight credit condition, potentially explaining the lack of SME growth. Implementing country-specific reform strategy for SME development covering key building blocks is needed to promote SME financial inclusion and facilitate SMEs to contribute to the economic growth.
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Harrison, Joseph. "The Catalan Industrial élite, 1898-1923*." In Élites and Power in Twentieth-Century Spain, 45–70. Oxford University PressOxford, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198228806.003.0004.
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Abstract When Antonio Cánovas, architect of the Restoration system, set about his task of reinstalling the previously discredited Bourbon monarchy in 1875, he soon secured the approval of the majority of the fuerzas vivas (the so-called productive forces) of Catalonia. At first sight perhaps, Cánovas’s achievement of introducing a system oflimited pluralism—in which a narrow oligarchy of agrarian and financial interests alternated in power, represented in two artificial parties, Conservatives and Liberals—might seem to have little appeal to representatives of Spain’s foremost industrial region. Catalan politicians, it should be remembered, played no small part both in the ousting of the unpopular Isabel II and in the administration of the ill-fated Federal Republic. Was it not a Catalan, Laureano Figuerola, who, as Minister of Finance, championed the cause of free trade in 1869 when he led the assault on the country’s high tariff barriers? However, Barcelona in the second half of the nineteenth century was not Manchester: the textile manufacturers of the ciudad condal were protectionists to a man. Figuerola, with his Cobdenite ideas, attracted only antipathy from the owners of a plethora of small, undercapitalized, and uncompetitive mills who clamoured for even greater customs duties to be imposed on imported goods whenever market forces turned against them.
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Charkiewicz, Mariusz, and Mariusz Popławski. "Regulation of Public Finances in Poland in Light of Financial Constitutionality." In Regulation of Public Finances in Light of Financial Constitutionality : Analysis on Certain Central and Eastern European Countries, 107–27. Central European Academic Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54171/2022.zn.ropfatilofc_6.
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This chapter deals with the notion, scope of public finance, and legal sources regulating this field. There are many difficulties in formulating a definition of finance law, which result from the diversity of the matter regulated by public finance. Financial law comprises many acts of law and accompanying executive acts. All these regulations define the rules of collecting and spending money for public purposes. The norms of financial law serve the purpose of realization of social and economic tasks of the state. The basis of this field of law is the Polish constitution. The aim of this article is to present areas of regulation, current problems, and challenges of the financial law, as well as to bring closer the constitutional regulations and principles relating to finance. General principles concern- ing economy in public finance constitute an important element of the socioeconomic system of a country. Hence, they should be, and are, properly regulated in the basic law. In the Polish Basic Law, public finance is directly addressed, first, in Chapter X, entitled ‘Public Finance’. However, it is also dealt with in other articles scattered in the remaining chapters. The issues of the state’s financial system are further regulated in Chapter VII—’Local government’ (art. 167, art. 171 par. 2, et al.); in Chapter VI—’The Council of Ministers and government Administration’ (Article 146, paragraph 2, items 5 and 6). In many places, the constitution also refers to concepts from the financial system, such as ‘financial outlays, not provided for in the Budget Act (art. 190 par. 3), or ‘financing of political parties, which is to be public’ (art. 11 par. 2).
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Freeland, Richard M. "Evolution of the College-centered University: Tufts and Brandeis, 1945–1970." In Academia's Golden Age. Oxford University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195054644.003.0011.
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Tufts College, traditionally focused on undergraduate education in the arts and sciences, responded to the opportunities of the postwar years with new emphases on research and doctoral-level programs. A new name, “Tufts University,” signified the change. The leaders of Tufts intended, however, to retain a primary emphasis on undergraduate work. During these same years, a new university, Brandeis, sponsored by a group of American Jews, joined the state’s academic community. Brandeis’s founders also conceived their institution as centrally concerned with undergraduate education, although they too intended to build a modest array of graduate programs, especially in the arts and sciences. In projecting their development during the 1950s and 1960s, Tufts and Brandeis set out to become different versions of a distinctive institutional idea: the college-centered university. By the early 1940s, President Leonard Carmichael of Tufts, like his counterparts at Harvard and M.I.T., had come to regard World War II as a time of opportunity, despite immediate, war-related problems of enrollment and finance. Carmichael’s wartime reports referred repeatedly to new possibilities arising from the military emergency. He welcomed a Navy R.O.T.C. unit to Medford as a chance for greater visibility as well as for public service. He speculated that increased awareness of international issues would benefit the Fletcher School. Most important of all, given Tufts’s history of straightened finances, was the possibility of new federal support. “It is ... not too early,” Carmichael told his trustees in the middle of the war, “for all of us to do what we can to see to it that the men who administer our postwar education [at the federal level]... have an appreciation of the importance to this nation of colleges and universities with varied objectives and varied bases of administration and support.” If federal funds were to become available, Carmichael wanted to be sure that private institutions got their share, and he assured his board that “every effort is being made to maintain our relationships with the armed services... so that Tufts’s peculiar qualities—a university-college in which teaching and research go forward together—may be maintained ...”
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Jamieson, Kathleen Hall. "1952: The Election of a Popular Hero." In Packaging The Presidency, 39–89. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195089417.003.0002.
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Abstract In June 1950, the first armed confrontation of the Cold War began as North Korean troops crossed the thirty-eighth parallel dividing North and South Korea. The UN condemned the move and called on its members to help South Korea. Although an international contingent of troops was assembled under U.S. command, the majority of those sent came from the United States. As 1950 inoved into ‘51 and ‘52, and the Korean War, with its attendant cost in American lives, showed little prospect of ending soon, the mood of the nation soured. Things at home were not going smoothly for the Truman Administration either. Wisconsin Republican Senator Joseph McCarthy was engaged in his own little war, a well-publicized search for Communists in government, and a Senate investigation into activities of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation revealed that members of the corporation had sub mitted to pressures from Democratic politicians in making loans. “Korea, Communism, and Corruption” were the millstones the Republicans were prepared to hang around Harry S. Truman’s neck in the primaries and general election of 1952, were he to run for a second complete term of office.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Administration: Finance, 1920"
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Moroz, Svetlana. "Kazakhstan’s Investment Legislation: Past, Present and Future." In The XX International Scientific Conference "Functioning of Investments Financed from State Resources and from Other Sources in The Countries of Central And Eastern Europe". Temida 2, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/ipf.2022.12.
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This article is devoted to the study of the formation and development of investment legislation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The author identifies five stages of the formation of Kazakhstan’s investment legislation from 1990 to the present. The author describes each stage of the development of investment legislation, analyzes all the enacted legislative acts and reforms that have been implemented to attract investors to the country’s economy. It is noted that the Republic of Kazakhstan since its independence has taken serious steps to create a favorable investment climate, and certain results in this direction have been achieved, but there are also problems. It is emphasized that cardinal changes in the country’s investment policy, constant reforms in the public administration system, the creation of various state bodies to regulate investors’ activities have a negative impact on Kazakhstan’s investment attractiveness. In this regard, the author concludes that it is necessary to change the investment policy in the field of granting tax preferences, improve the investment and tax legislation of Kazakhstan to ensure proper protection of investors’ rights.
Звіти організацій з теми "Administration: Finance, 1920"
1
Conroy, Hector, Li Tang, and Johanna Ramos. Approach Paper: Evaluation of Rural Land Titling and Regularization Projects. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010427.
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The IDB has been working on land titling and regularization projects since its founding. A first set of projects was financed between 1960 and 1995. In 1995, a second set of projects began with the objective of regularizing land ownership and improving its administration. As of December 31, 2011, twenty five projects of this type have been approved throughout the region. This evaluation will analyze the implementation and results of the latter set of projects. The evaluation will assess the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability of project results. The in-depth analysis of a sample of nine projects in four countries will constitute the core of the evaluation, and it will have a comparative approach.