Готові списки джерел за темами / Actin regulators

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Actin regulators"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024
Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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  3. Книги
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  5. Тези доповідей конференцій
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Статті в журналах з теми "Actin regulators":

1

Ma, Xuda, Yamei Dang, Xiaowen Shao, Xuechun Chen, Fei Wu, and Yongmei Li. "Ubiquitination and Long Non-coding RNAs Regulate Actin Cytoskeleton Regulators in Cancer Progression." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 12 (June 19, 2019): 2997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20122997.

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Actin filaments are a major component of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells and play an important role in cancer metastasis. Dynamics and reorganization of actin filaments are regulated by numerous regulators, including Rho GTPases, PAKs (p21-activated kinases), ROCKs (Rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinases), LIMKs (LIM domain kinases), and SSH1 (slingshot family protein phosphate 1). Ubiquitination, as a ubiquitous post-transcriptional modification, deceases protein levels of actin cytoskeleton regulatory factors and thereby modulates the actin cytoskeleton. There is increasing evidence showing cytoskeleton regulation by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer metastasis. However, which E3 ligases are activated for the ubiquitination of actin-cytoskeleton regulators involved in tumor metastasis remains to be fully elucidated. Moreover, it is not clear how lncRNAs influence the expression of actin cytoskeleton regulators. Here, we summarize physiological and pathological mechanisms of lncRNAs and ubiquitination control mediators of actin cytoskeleton regulators which that are involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Finally, we briefly discuss crosstalk between ubiquitination and lncRNA control mediators of actin-cytoskeleton regulators in cancer.
2

Siripala, Anosha D., and Matthew D. Welch. "SnapShot: Actin Regulators I." Cell 128, no. 3 (February 2007): 626.e1–626.e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.001.

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3

Siripala, Anosha D., and Matthew D. Welch. "SnapShot: Actin Regulators II." Cell 128, no. 5 (March 2007): 1014.e1–1014.e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.021.

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4

Ferrai, Carmelo, Gabriela Naum-Onganía, Elena Longobardi, Martina Palazzolo, Andrea Disanza, Victor M. Diaz, Massimo P. Crippa, Giorgio Scita, and Francesco Blasi. "Induction of HoxB Transcription by Retinoic Acid Requires Actin Polymerization." Molecular Biology of the Cell 20, no. 15 (August 2009): 3543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e09-02-0114.

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We have analyzed the role of actin polymerization in retinoic acid (RA)-induced HoxB transcription, which is mediated by the HoxB regulator Prep1. RA induction of the HoxB genes can be prevented by the inhibition of actin polymerization. Importantly, inhibition of actin polymerization specifically affects the transcription of inducible Hox genes, but not that of their transcriptional regulators, the RARs, nor of constitutively expressed, nor of actively transcribed Hox genes. RA treatment induces the recruitment to the HoxB2 gene enhancer of a complex composed of “elongating” RNAPII, Prep1, β-actin, and N-WASP as well as the accessory splicing components p54Nrb and PSF. We show that inhibition of actin polymerization prevents such recruitment. We conclude that inducible Hox genes are selectively sensitive to the inhibition of actin polymerization and that actin polymerization is required for the assembly of a transcription complex on the regulatory region of the Hox genes.
5

Rohn, Jennifer L., David Sims, Tao Liu, Marina Fedorova, Frieder Schöck, Joseph Dopie, Maria K. Vartiainen, Amy A. Kiger, Norbert Perrimon, and Buzz Baum. "Comparative RNAi screening identifies a conserved core metazoan actinome by phenotype." Journal of Cell Biology 194, no. 5 (September 5, 2011): 789–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201103168.

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Although a large number of actin-binding proteins and their regulators have been identified through classical approaches, gaps in our knowledge remain. Here, we used genome-wide RNA interference as a systematic method to define metazoan actin regulators based on visual phenotype. Using comparative screens in cultured Drosophila and human cells, we generated phenotypic profiles for annotated actin regulators together with proteins bearing predicted actin-binding domains. These phenotypic clusters for the known metazoan “actinome” were used to identify putative new core actin regulators, together with a number of genes with conserved but poorly studied roles in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, several of which we studied in detail. This work suggests that although our search for new components of the core actin machinery is nearing saturation, regulation at the level of nuclear actin export, RNA splicing, ubiquitination, and other upstream processes remains an important but unexplored frontier of actin biology.
6

Martin, Jose L., Aaqil Khan, and Elena E. Grintsevich. "Actin Isoform Composition and Binding Factors Fine-Tune Regulatory Impact of Mical Enzymes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 23 (November 23, 2023): 16651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316651.

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Mical family enzymes are unusual actin regulators that prime filaments (F-actin) for disassembly via the site-specific oxidation of M44/M47. Filamentous actin acts as a substrate of Mical enzymes, as well as an activator of their NADPH oxidase activity, which leads to hydrogen peroxide generation. Mical enzymes are required for cytokinesis, muscle and heart development, dendritic pruning, and axonal guidance, among other processes. Thus, it is critical to understand how this family of actin regulators functions in different cell types. Vertebrates express six actin isoforms in a cell-specific manner, but MICALs’ impact on their intrinsic properties has never been systematically investigated. Our data reveal the differences in the intrinsic dynamics of Mical-oxidized actin isoforms. Furthermore, our results connect the intrinsic dynamics of actin isoforms and their redox state with the patterns of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation by MICALs. We documented that the differential properties of actin isoforms translate into the distinct patterns of hydrogen peroxide generation in Mical/NADPH-containing systems. Moreover, our results establish a conceptual link between actin stabilization by interacting factors and its ability to activate MICALs’ NADPH oxidase activity. Altogether, our results suggest that the regulatory impact of MICALs may differ depending on the isoform-related identities of local actin networks.
7

Burston, Helen E., Lymarie Maldonado-Báez, Michael Davey, Benjamen Montpetit, Cayetana Schluter, Beverly Wendland, and Elizabeth Conibear. "Regulators of yeast endocytosis identified by systematic quantitative analysis." Journal of Cell Biology 185, no. 6 (June 8, 2009): 1097–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200811116.

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Endocytosis of receptors at the plasma membrane is controlled by a complex mechanism that includes clathrin, adaptors, and actin regulators. Many of these proteins are conserved in yeast yet lack observable mutant phenotypes, which suggests that yeast endocytosis may be subject to different regulatory mechanisms. Here, we have systematically defined genes required for internalization using a quantitative genome-wide screen that monitors localization of the yeast vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin homologue Snc1. Genetic interaction mapping was used to place these genes into functional modules containing known and novel endocytic regulators, and cargo selectivity was evaluated by an array-based comparative analysis. We demonstrate that clathrin and the yeast AP180 clathrin adaptor proteins have a cargo-specific role in Snc1 internalization. We additionally identify low dye binding 17 (LDB17) as a novel conserved component of the endocytic machinery. Ldb17 is recruited to cortical actin patches before actin polymerization and regulates normal coat dynamics and actin assembly. Our findings highlight the conserved machinery and reveal novel mechanisms that underlie endocytic internalization.
8

Steinestel, Konrad, Eva Wardelmann, Wolfgang Hartmann, and Inga Grünewald. "Regulators of Actin Dynamics in Gastrointestinal Tract Tumors." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/930157.

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Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton underlies cell migration in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes, such as embryonic development, wound healing, and tumor cell invasion. It has been shown that actin assembly and disassembly are precisely regulated by intracellular signaling cascades that respond to changes in the cell microenvironment, ligand binding to surface receptors, or oncogenic transformation of the cell. Actin-nucleating and actin-depolymerizing (ANFs/ADFs) and nucleation-promoting factors (NPFs) regulate cytoskeletal dynamics at the leading edge of migrating cells, thereby modulating cell shape; these proteins facilitate cellular movement and mediate degradation of the surrounding extracellular matrix by secretion of lytic proteases, thus eliminating barriers for tumor cell invasion. Accordingly, expression and activity of these actin-binding proteins have been linked to enhanced metastasis and poor prognosis in a variety of malignancies. In this review, we will summarize what is known about expression patterns and the functional role of actin regulators in gastrointestinal tumors and evaluate first pharmacological approaches to prevent invasion and metastatic dissemination of malignant cells.
9

Ono, Kanako, and Shoichiro Ono. "Tropomyosin and Troponin Are Required for Ovarian Contraction in the Caenorhabditis elegans Reproductive System." Molecular Biology of the Cell 15, no. 6 (June 2004): 2782–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-03-0179.

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Ovulation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is coordinated by interactions between the somatic gonad and germ cells. Myoepithelial sheath cells of the proximal ovary are smooth muscle-like cells, but the regulatory mechanism of their contraction is unknown. We show that contraction of the ovarian muscle requires tropomyosin and troponin, which are generally major actin-linked regulators of contraction of striated muscle. RNA interference of tropomyosin or troponin C caused sterility by inhibiting ovarian contraction that is required for expelling mature oocytes into the spermatheca where fertilization takes place, thus causing accumulation of endomitotic oocytes in the ovary. Tropomyosin and troponin C were associated with actin filaments in the myoepithelial sheath, and the association of troponin C with actin was dependent on tropomyosin. A mutation in the actin depolymerizing factor/cofilin gene suppressed the ovulation defects by RNA interference of tropomyosin or troponin C. These results strongly suggest that tropomyosin and troponin are the actin-linked regulators for contraction of ovarian muscle in the C. elegans reproductive system.
10

Zhang, Huaye, Donna J. Webb, Hannelore Asmussen, and Alan F. Horwitz. "Synapse formation is regulated by the signaling adaptor GIT1." Journal of Cell Biology 161, no. 1 (April 14, 2003): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200211002.

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Dendritic spines in the central nervous system undergo rapid actin-based shape changes, making actin regulators potential modulators of spine morphology and synapse formation. Although several potential regulators and effectors for actin organization have been identified, the mechanisms by which these molecules assemble and localize are not understood. Here we show that the G protein–coupled receptor kinase–interacting protein (GIT)1 serves such a function by targeting actin regulators and locally modulating Rac activity at synapses. In cultured hippocampal neurons, GIT1 is enriched in both pre- and postsynaptic terminals and targeted to these sites by a novel domain. Disruption of the synaptic localization of GIT1 by a dominant-negative mutant results in numerous dendritic protrusions and a significant decrease in the number of synapses and normal mushroom-shaped spines. The phenotype results from mislocalized GIT1 and its binding partner PIX, an exchange factor for Rac. In addition, constitutively active Rac shows a phenotype similar to the GIT1 mutant, whereas dominant-negative Rac inhibits the dendritic protrusion formation induced by mislocalized GIT1. These results demonstrate a novel function for GIT1 as a key regulator of spine morphology and synapse formation and point to a potential mechanism by which mutations in Rho family signaling leads to decreased neuronal connectivity and cognitive defects in nonsyndromic mental retardation.
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Статті в журналах Дисертації Книги

Дисертації з теми "Actin regulators":

1

Metelo, J. "Contribution of integrins and actin regulators to human dendritic cell podosome biology." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1381835/.

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Dendritic cells (DC) are key cells of the innate immune system required to prime adaptive immunity. Migration is central to their function to enable immune surveillance of the whole body and for prompt activation of the adaptive immune system. Immature DC assemble specialised actin structures called podosomes which are thought to be critical for efficient adhesion-mediated migration. Podosomes are, therefore, considered to be essential for DC function. Despite the great increase in literature regarding podosomes and related structures over recent years, still much is unknown about critical components, regulation and function of these structures in DC. Cytoskeletal studies of DC have been complicated by the fact that tools commonly employed for biological manipulation may constitute activation stimuli for DC and dramatically alter the DC cytoarchitecture. A panel of human THP1DC knock-down cell lines was generated using RNAi technology targeting factors suspected or known to be important for podosome formation and/or function such as the integrins CD18 and CD29 and the actin regulators HS1, WASp and WIP. Results obtained from functional analysis of the knock-down cell lines confirm CD18 to be specifically recruited to the DC podosomes and to be essential for their assembly. On the contrary, CD29 knock-down did not attenuate podosome assembly, even when reduced to levels that resulted in a defect in static adhesion. As previously reported, WASp and WIP expression was demonstrated to be necessary for podosome formation. Furthermore, a role for the cortactin homolog HS1 in CD18 activation in myeloid cells is suggested, as HS1 knock-down resulted in defective CD18-dependent adhesion and reduced podosome formation when cells were plated on ICAM but not on fibronectin. The results presented here define a robust method for manipulating immature DC for cytoskeletal studies and advance our current understanding of the regulation of podosome assembly in human DC.
2

McShea, Molly A. "Evidence of an interaction between the actin cytoskeletal regulators MIG-10 and ABI-1." Digital WPI, 2011. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/983.

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"Cell and process migration are critical to the establishment of neural circuitry. The study of these processes is facilitated through use of model organisms with simple nervous systems, such as C. elegans. Research in this nematode has defined the cytoplasmic adaptor MIG-10 as a key regulator of these processes. Mutation of mig-10 disrupts neuronal and axonal migration and outgrowth of the ‘canals’, or processes, of the excretory cell. MIG-10 directs the localization of UNC-34, which remodels actin filaments at the leading edge of a migrating cell or process to modify the direction or rate of its protrusion. An interactor of MIG-10 identified in a yeast two- hybrid analysis, ABI-1, has several roles in actin remodeling, such as targeting Ena/VASP members for phosphorylation by Abl kinase. Mutation of abi-1 in the nematode produces phenotypes that resemble those of mig-10 mutants, including disrupted outgrowth of the excretory canals, a developmental process in which ABI-1 is known to function cell autonomously. To test the hypothesis that the ABI-1/MIG-10 interaction contributes to cell migration and outgrowth, both in vivo and in vitro analyses were performed. Expression of either MIG-10A or MIG-10B exclusively in the excretory cell partially rescued the canal truncation characteristic of mig-10 mutants, suggesting MIG-10 functions autonomously in this cell during canal outgrowth. Physical interaction between MIG-10 and ABI-1 was confirmed using a co-immunoprecipitation system. Both MIG-10A and MIG-10B interact with ABI-1 through a mechanism that likely involves the SH3 domain of ABI-1 and sites in either the central region or C-terminus of MIG-10. These results suggest that MIG-10 and ABI-1 function together in a cell autonomous manner to promote cell or process migration. A possible consequence of this interaction is modulation of the MIG-10 binding to UNC-34 through Abl-mediated phosphorylation of MIG-10."
3

Baskaran, Darshan. "Investigating the role of a dynamic actin cytoskeleton and its regulators for HIV-1 entry in macrophages." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:497e66e0-4b67-4e0e-9616-07628e493293.

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Macrophages are one of the three main human cell types infected by HIV-1. They are highly plastic cells requiring a dynamic actin cytoskeleton for their role in development, homeostasis, tissue repair and immunity. For HIV-1, disrupting actin in macrophages is detrimental in that it leads to a complete block of viral uptake and reduces reverse transcription but, significantly, not fusion. Rho GTPases (Rac1, RhoA and Cdc42) regulate many aspects of actin dynamics including those required for endocytosis. Using a pharmacological approach, it was shown that Rac1 along with Rho GTPase effectors Pak1 and N-WASP are important for productive HIV-1 entry in macrophages. However, pharmacological inhibitors aren’t available for many host factors and may have off-target effects. To overcome this, expression of dominant negative (DN) Rho GTPases was attempted in human stem cell-derived macrophages (esMDMs). While DN Rac1 expressing esMDMs were successfully generated, this was not possible for the other two. DN Rac1 expressing esMDMs, as expected, had less filamentous actin and reduced dextran uptake compared to control esMDMs. In contrast to the pharmacological studies, HIV-1 infection studies in Rac1 DN esMDMs revealed a significant increase in HIV-1 fusion, reverse transcription and nuclear import, which could be due to reduced filamentous actin leading to a slower rate of endocytosis thereby allowing more time for viral fusion within endocytic vesicles. Surprisingly, reduced HIV-1 gene expression was observed in Rac1 DN esMDMs. This was corroborated by transfection studies implicating Rho GTPases in LTR driven gene expression. To overcome the ineffectiveness of RhoA and Cdc42 DN constitutive gene expression in esMDMs, an inducible lentiviral gene expression system based on the use of a constitutive promoter and a FLEx switch mediating irreversible DNA inversions was generated. The novel FLEx vector was the first system shown to induce transgene expression in esMDMs albeit at a very low efficiency.
4

Jones, Rebecca Amy. "Testing the in vivo role of actin cytoskeleton regulators on immune cell behaviour by live imaging studies in Zebrafish larvae." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617798.

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Our immune system protects us from infection and abnormal cell growth. But what happens when the function of immune cells is perturbed by the absence of key cytoskeletal regulators? In the immunodeficiency disorder, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, patients express dysfunctional variants of WASp, a haematopoietically restricted regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. The disease manifests in recurrent bacterial infections, thrombocytopenia and a severely defective inflammatory response. In this thesis I have utilised a TILLed zebrafish WASp mutant to characterise the effect of WASp knockout on innate immune cell function using a number of assays and live imaging techniques in transparent larvae. I observe defective neutrophil and macrophage migration to a fin wound in the WASp mutant, and increased larval death from systemic bacterial infection as a result of defective phagocytosis and clearance. I have gone on to use the WASp mutant as a null background to screen an allelic range of human WASp patient mutant genes expressed specifically in neutrophils. I show that expression of wild-type hWASp protein can rescue the neutrophil recruitment defect in WASp mutant larvae. Likewise, expression of two point mutants reveals that Cdc42 binding is not essential for hWASp rescue capability, whereas tyrosine phosphorylation of the protein is required. Moreover, expression of a constitutively active hWASp mutant results in larval neutropenia, that mirrors the WASp-related disorder, X-linked neutropenia. Alongside my WASp mutant study, I have also characterised the role of zebrafish Myosin IXb, a haematopoietically restricted atypical RhoGAP, through use of targeted morpholino. I observe decreased neutrophil recruitment to a fin wound in Myosin IXb morphant larvae, whilst live imaging studies demonstrate a contracted morphology and failure to form a polarised leading edge in morphant cells. In summary, I report a live imaging zebrafish study to assess the role of two key actin regulators in vivo, and describe the first instance whereby an allelic range of human mutations are tested in zebrafish to gain a unique insight into immunodeficiency disorders at both a cellular and whole organism level.
5

Cercy, Maureen. "Organisation à l'échelle nanométrique du complexe régulateur de WAVE dans le lamellipode de cellule en migration." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0461.

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La motilité cellulaire est impliquée dans plusieurs fonctions biologiques critiques, et sa dérégulation peut conduire à des maladies graves comme le cancer. Il est donc essentiel d'étudier les mécanismes moléculaires qui régissent la formation des structures impliquées dans la motilité cellulaire. La première étape de la migration cellulaire de type mésenchymateuse est la formation du lamellipode, protrusion membranaire supportée par un réseau de filaments d’actine et propulsée vers l’avant par la polymérisation de l'actine. La coordination spatio-temporelle des régulateurs de l’actine dans le lamellipode détermine la polarité, l'architecture et les mouvements du réseau de filaments d’actine. Ces régulateurs sont notamment le complexe WAVE (WRC) et le complexe Arp2/3. L'activation du WRC est l'événement moléculaire qui déclenche l'activation du complexe Arp2/3 et donc l'initiation de la formation du réseau de filaments d’actine dans le lamellipode. L'activation du WRC repose sur la libération du domaine WCA activateur du complexe Arp2/3, situé à l'extrémité C-terminale de la sous-unité WAVE. Des études in vitro montrent que deux domaines WCA sont nécessaires pour activer efficacement le complexe Arp2/3.Mais on ne sait pas comment l'organisation spatiale du WRC à l’échelle moléculaire est traduite en activation du complexe Arp2/3 déclenchant la formation du lamellipode. En d'autres termes, la stœchiométrie et la distribution spatiale requise pour traduire l'activation conformationnelle du WRC en une activation efficace du complexe Arp2/3 sont des informations essentielles manquantes.L'utilisation récente de la microscopie de super-résolution (SRM) et du suivi de particules uniques (SRM) a permis de repenser radicalement les assemblages macromoléculaires, en particulier les structures impliquées dans la migration cellulaire telle que le lamellipode. En suivant les protéines individuelles et en fournissant des images avec une résolution spatiale inférieure à la limite de diffraction de la lumière, ces techniques donnent accès à l'organisation et à la dynamique à l'échelle nanométrique des complexes protéiques dans les cellules.Pour révéler l’organisation moléculaire du WRC, nous avons utilisé le DNA-PAINT, une technique de SRM avec une résolution spatiale inférieure à 10 nm. Le DNA-PAINT est basé sur l'hybridation de brins d'ADN complémentaires, l'un situé sur la protéine cible (brin d'amarrage) et l'autre sur le fluorophore (brin d’imagerie). Le DNA-PAINT permet le comptage moléculaire des protéines (qPAINT) et l'imagerie de super-résolution multicouleurs (Ex-PAINT). Cela nous a permis d'évaluer la stœchiométrie, les colocalisations et la composition des complexes protéiques dans le lamellipode.Des expériences de qPAINT ont montré que la stœchiométrie du WRC à l'extrémité du lamellipode est de une ; tandis que l'imagerie en direct par nanoscopie RESOLFT a révélé que ces WRCs uniques forment des clusters isolés à l'extrémité du lamellipode. La SRM multicouleur du corps du WRC et de son domaine WCA a montré que l’activation conformationnelle du WRC induit une libération du domaine WCA dans un rayon de 40 nm. En utilisant des protrusions stéréotypées en forme de vague, nous avons corrélé l'organisation moléculaire du WRC avec leur vitesse de déplacement. Nous avons montré que la distance entre les WRCs individuels est inférieure au rayon de leur dépliage conformationnel dans des régions de protrusion rapide du lamellipode, augmentant la possibilité de rencontre des domaines WCA et donc l’activation du complexe Arp2/3. Ainsi, le WRC, fonctionnant comme un complexe isolé, doit être espacé d'une distance inférieure à son dépliage conformationnel pour activer efficacement le complexe Arp2/3 dans le lamellipode. Dans l'ensemble, nos résultats montrent qu'en plus de l'activation biochimique des circuits de signalisation, l'organisation spatiale des protéines est cruciale pour le contrôle de leur fonction dans les cellules
Cell motility is involved in critical biological functions, and dysregulation of adhesion, migration and of the actin cytoskeletal can lead to severe disease like cancer. Therefore, it is essential to study the molecular mechanism driving the formation of sub-cellular structures involved in cell motility. The first step in mesenchymal cell migration is the forward protrusion of the lamellipodium which is a thin sheet of membrane-enclosed actin filaments (F-Actin) networks propelled by actin polymerization. The spatiotemporal coordination of F-actin regulators in the lamellipodium determines the polarity, architecture and movements of branched F-actin networks. This includes two interacting nanomachines, the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) and the Arp2/3 complex. WRC activation is the central molecular event triggering Arp2/3 complex activation and thus, the initiation and formation of a branched F-actin network in the lamellipodium. WRC activation relies on the exposure of the cryptic Arp2/3-activating WCA domain located at the C-terminal extremity of the WAVE subunit tail. In vitro studies showed that two WCA domains are needed to efficiently activate the Arp2/3 complex.But how the local spatial organization of WRC at the molecular level translate into activation of the Arp2/3 complex triggering the morphogenesis of the lamellipodium is unknown. In other words, the stoichiometry and the spatial distribution required to translate WRC conformational activation to an efficient activation of Arp2/3 complex are essential missing information.The recent application of super-resolution microscopy (SRM) and single particle tracking (SRM) lead to a drastic rethinking of macromolecular assemblies, in particular structures involved in cell migration, including the lamellipodium. By tracking individual proteins and delivering images with spatial resolutions below the diffraction limit of light, these techniques give access to the nanoscale organization and dynamics of protein complexes in live cells.To reveal the molecular organization of WRC, we use DNA-PAINT, a SRM technique which allows spatial resolution below 10 nm. DNA-PAINT is based on hybridization of complementary DNA strands, one located on the target protein (docking strand) and the other on the dye (imager strand). DNA-PAINT enable absolute molecular counting in protein complexes (Quantitative-PAINT) and multi-color super-resolution imaging (Exchange-PAINT). This allowed us to assess stoichiometries, colocalizations and composition of nanomachines in the lamellipodium.Using Quantitative-PAINT, we showed that the stoichiometry of WRC at the lamellipodium tip of migrating mouse melanoma cell (B16) is one; while live super-resolution imaging based on RESOLFT nanoscopy revealed that these single WRC form discrete foci at the lamellipodium tip. Multicolor Exchange-PAINT super-resolution microscopy of the WRC core and its WCA domain, showed that its conformational activation induces the release of the WCA domain in a radius of 40 nm away from its core. Using stereotyped waveform protrusions, we correlated WRC molecular organization with the rate of membrane protrusions. We showed that the spatial distribution of individual WRC is below the radius of its conformational unfolding in regions of faster lamellipodial protrusion, increasing the possibility of WCA domain dimerization and thus activation of the Arp2/3 complex. This way, the WRC, functioning as an isolated complex, must be spaced at a distance less than its conformational unfolding to activate efficiently the Arp2/3 complex in the lamellipodium. Altogether, our results show that besides biochemical activation of signaling circuitry, the spatial organization of proteins is crucial for controlling their function in cells
6

Akbari, Omar Sultan. "Novel gene regulatory mechanisms in Drosophila melanogaster." abstract, 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3339089.

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Graham, Alison Isobel. "Action and metal-specificity of SmtB/ArsR transcriptional regulators." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427312.

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8

Temple-Smith, Kay Elizabeth. "The mode of action of novel plant growth regulators." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317880.

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9

Dufort, Paul Anthony. "Computational modeling of nucleotide processing by the actin cytoskeleton regulatory network." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0022/NQ49953.pdf.

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10

Liu, Chaohong. "Regulatory functions of the actin cytoskeleton in B cell receptor signaling." Thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3599621.

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The binding of antigen (Ag) to the B cell receptor (BCR) induces the activation of intracellular signaling and the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. However, the function of actin reorganization and the mechanisms by which BCR signaling and actin reorganization is coupled have not been well studied. This thesis has investigated how BCR signaling regulates actin reorganization and how actin remodeling in turn influences BCR signalig. My studies show that the key stimulatory signaling molecule of the BCR, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), is critical for actin polymerization at the activation surface and BCR clustering and B cell spreading, events that are essential for signaling initiation and amplification. The key inhibitory signaling molecule, SH2-containing phosphatidylinositol-5 phasphatase (SHIP-1), is important for removal of F-actin from the activation surface, and actin-mediated B cell contraction and the formation of BCR central clusters. SHIP-1 suppresses actin polymerization by inhibiting Btk-dependent activation of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP). These results suggest that BCR signaling can regulate B cell morphology and surface BCR clustering via modulationg actin dynamics. To understand the roles of actin reorganization in BCR signaling, I investigated the effects of gene knockout of the two actin regulators, WASP and its homolog, neuronal (N)-WASP. My results show that both WASP and N-WASP are required for optimal BCR clustering, B cell spreading, and BCR signaling, but they play distinct roles. WASP promotes actin polymerization, B cell spreading, BCR clustering, and signaling amplification, and N-WASP inhibits actin polymerization at the activation surface and promotes B cell contraction, BCR central cluster formation, and signaling attenuation. Importantly, B cell-specific N-WASP knockout causes increases in the levels of autoantibody. In addition, WASP and N-WASP negatively regulate each other, compete for Arp2/3, and are inversely regulated by Btk and SHIP-1. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the balance of stimulatory and inhibitory BCR signaling controls actin dynamics and organization through regulating the activities of WASP and N-WASP. Actin remodeling in turn amplifies BCR signaling activation or down regulation by modulating B cell morphlogy and the organization of surface BCRs.This research reveals a bidrectional feedback loop between BCR signaling and the actin cytoskeleton.

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Книги з теми "Actin regulators":

1

Education, Alberta Alberta. Regulatory reform action plan. [Edmonton]: Communications Branch, Alberta Education, 1996.

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Education, Alberta Alberta. Regulatory reform: Action plan. Edmonton, AB: Alberta Education, 1996.

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3

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. ACNW 2001 action pl. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2001.

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4

Office, Nebraska Affirmative Action. Affirmative Action Program rules & regulations. [Lincoln]: Affirmative Action Office, Nebraska Dept. of Personnel, 1988.

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5

Safeguards, U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Advisory Committee on Reactor. 2001 action plan. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2001.

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6

Evanoff, Douglas Darrell. Subordinated debt and prompt corrective regulatory action. [Chicago, Ill.]: Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, 2003.

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7

Copping, Leonard G. Chemistry and mode of action of crop protection agents. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, Information Services, 1998.

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8

Petty, Janette E. Wood preservatives: A chronology of regulatory action & bibliography. Washington, D.C: Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Office of Toxic Substances, Information Management Division, Chemical Information Branch, 1985.

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9

Toy, Safety Conference (1989 Washington D. C. ). Toy safety: Blueprint for action. Washington, DC (1050 31st St., NW, Washington 20007): Association of Trial Lawyers of America, 1991.

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10

Bureau of National Affairs (Washington, D.C.), ed. Affirmative action after Adarand: A legal, regulatory, legislative outlook. Washington, D.C: The Bureau of National Affairs, 1995.

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Частини книг з теми "Actin regulators":

1

Paul-Gilloteaux, Perrine, François Waharte, Manish Kumar Singh, and Maria Carla Parrini. "A Biologist-Friendly Method to Analyze Cross-Correlation Between Protrusion Dynamics and Membrane Recruitment of Actin Regulators." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 279–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7701-7_20.

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2

Froud, Julie, Rebecca Boden, Anthony Ogus, and Peter Stubbs. "Compliance Cost Assessment in Action." In Controlling the Regulators, 33–54. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14632-1_3.

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3

Roberts, Jeremy A., and Richard Hooley. "Mechanisms of Action — Towards a Molecular Understanding." In Plant Growth Regulators, 151–63. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7592-4_10.

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4

Oda, Toshiro, Heiko Stegmann, Rasmus R. Schröder, Keiichi Namba, and Yuichiro Maéda. "Modeling of the F-Actin Structure." In Regulatory Mechanisms of Striated Muscle Contraction, 385–401. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-38453-3_32.

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5

Kormendi, Roger C., Victor L. Bernard, S. Craig Pirrong, and Edward A. Snyder. "The Timeliness of Regulatory Action." In Crisis Resolution in the Thrift Industry, 19–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0735-5_3.

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6

Cramer, Michael M. "Regulatory Inspection and Control Action." In Food Plant Sanitation, 35–56. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429294341-2.

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7

Sassenberg, Kai, and Michael L. W. Vliek. "Self-Regulation Strategies and Regulatory Fit." In Social Psychology in Action, 51–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13788-5_4.

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8

Stanisic, Mirjana, and Jelena Nedeljkovic. "Regulatory Framework of Forestry for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation." In Climate Action, 751–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95885-9_74.

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9

Novella, Marta Abegón. "EU regulatory action on maritime emissions." In Deploying the European Green Deal, 34–51. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003390510-3.

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10

Schrader, J. W., K. B. Leslie, I. Clark-Lewis, P. Pitha-Rowe, H. J. Ziltener, and B. F. Fazekas. "Regulatory Polypeptides in the Lympho-Hemopoietic System." In Molecular Basis of Lymphokine Action, 245–60. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4598-8_23.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Actin regulators":

1

Paez, Alejandra V., Carla Pallavicini, Federico Schuster, Jimena Giudice, Pia Valacco, Estefania Labanca, Nicolas Anselmino, et al. "Abstract 5058: Hitting the brakes on the migratory capacity of tumoral cells: Targeting key regulators of actin dynamics in prostate cancer." In Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-5058.

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2

Han, Sangyoon, and Nathan J. Sniadecki. "The Coupled Influences of Substrate Stiffness and Cell Spreading Area on Traction Force." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206523.

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Traction forces that cells generate play an important role in their interactions with the local environment. Cells use actin polymerization and myosin contraction to indirectly transmit cytoskeletal tension to their adhesions in order to provide stability for active spreading, pull themselves forward during migration, and probe the matrix rigidity. Interestingly, there is developing evidence to show that cells regulate their traction forces in response to feedback they obtain from mechanical factors in their environment like stiffness, geometry, and adhesivity [1,2]. What is unclear is to what extent are mechanical factors and biological interactions interdependent. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to examine the coupled influence of two main regulators of traction forces: substrate stiffness and cell spreading area.
3

Nijhawan, Sunil. "Regulatory Actions That Hinder Development of Effective Risk Reduction Measures by the Nuclear Industry for Enhanced Severe Accident Prevention and Mitigation Measures After Fukushima." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60700.

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The official report of The Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission concluded that “The TEPCO Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident was the result of collusion between the government, the regulators and TEPCO, and the lack of governance by said parties. They effectively betrayed the nation’s right to be safe from nuclear accidents. Therefore, we conclude that the accident was clearly ‘manmade.’ We believe that the root causes were the organizational and regulatory systems that supported faulty rationales for decisions and actions, rather than issues relating to the competency of any specific individual.” This wakeup call for the nuclear power utilities should require a public review of their relationship with of regulators. However, severe accident related risk reduction is a relatively uncharted territory and given the apparent lack of in-house technical expertise, the regulators are heavily relying on the qualitative and ‘hand waving’ arguments being presented by the utilities inherently disinterested in further investments they are not required to make under original license conditions. As a result, it has accelerated further deterioration of the safety culture and emboldened many within the regulatory staff to undertake or support otherwise questionable decisions in support of the utilities that prefer status quo. Case in point is the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) which mostly accepts any and all requests by the nuclear power industry. After Fukushima, the CNSC took a year to publish a set of ‘Action Items’ for the Canadian Nuclear industry to prepare plans over 3 years and then accepted most if not all submissions that in many cases barely addressed the already watered down recommendations. In some cases the solutions proposed by the industry were economically expedient but technically flawed; and some could even be considered dangerous. CNSC also published a study on consequences of a severe accident with a source term that was limited to the desirable safety goal (100 TBq of Cs-137), which coincidently years later matched the utility ‘calculations’, but orders of magnitude smaller than predicted by independent evaluations. As a result, some well publicized conclusions on the benign nature of consequences of a CANDU severe accident were made and the local and provincial agencies that actually are supposed to prepare off-site emergency measures were left with an incorrect picture of what havoc a severe accident can cause otherwise. CNSC then published a much publicized video highlighting the available operator actions to terminate the accident early and later a report outlining the accident progression for a severe accident without operator action with conclusions that were immediately technically suspect from a variety of aspects. The aim was to claim that a severe core damage accident has no unfavorable off-site consequences. The regulator effectively, in this case, comes across as a promoter for the industry it is legislated to regulate. The paper outlines examples of actions being taken by the regulators that hinder development of effective risk reduction measures by the industry which otherwise would be forced to undertake them if the regulators had not stepped on the plate to bat for them. They vary from letters to editors to silence any safety concerns raised by the public, muzzling of its own staff, trying to silence external specialists who question their wisdom on to blatant disregard for any intervention by public they are required to entertain by law but are accustomed to factually ignore or belittle. The paper also outlines a number of examples of actions that an independent regulator would undertake to reduce the risk and enhance the safety culture. The nuclear regulatory regimes work well generally but in cases where it does not, the results can be disastrous as evident from the events in Japan and as is building up in Canada. The paper also summarizes the disparities between the number of Regulatory Actions instituted by the CNSC against small companies that use nuclear substances for industrial applications and almost none actions against the nuclear power plant utilities it regularly grants a pass in spite of the larger risk their operations pose to public.
4

Werner, H. "Fast output sampling regulators with integral action." In 1999 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc.1999.7099358.

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5

Doroș, Diana. "The concept of child pornography. Regulatory instruments." In Simpozion stiintific al tinerilor cercetatori, editia 20. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975359030.07.

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Child pornography is a form of sexual exploitation minors, a phenomenon that degrades and exploits children, undermines the family and distorts social relations. This phenomenon has always created addiction and pathology sexual. What began with a simple curiosity, satisfied by viewing nudity scenes, continues with sexual perversions and in some cases ends with committing sexual offenses against children. Offenders who commit acts of child pornography through computer systems acting either under the impulse of sexual preferences, aimed at minors, or for the purpose of obtaining materials from the sale of materials child pornography for either reason. The emergence of this phenomenon has generated, quite justifiably, a strong concern at the international level, in order to discourage and sanction, especially the production and spread these materials. The political pressure that has developed in recent years on this. The issue has gradually led to the substantiation of some principles of action, as well as some legal norms with extraterritorial applicability, likely to fix, as precisely as possible, the facts submitted criminal sanctions and to facilitate international cooperation aimed at combating the phenomenon child pornography.
6

Ni, Zijing. "Regulatory capture: A rational action in business." In 2011 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icebeg.2011.5877048.

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7

McGregor, Marié. "Can workplace efficiency and safety trump affirmative action?" In Annual International Conference on Law, Regulations and Public Policy. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3809_lrpp14.01.

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8

Foster, Jack W., and John V. Kauffman. "Generic Issues Program Overview and Update." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48245.

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The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has a Generic Issues Program (GIP) to address Generic Issues (GI). A GI is defined as “a regulatory matter involving the design, construction, operation, or decommissioning of several, or a class of, NRC licensees or certificate holders that is not sufficiently addressed by existing rules, guidance, or programs.” This rather legalistic definition has several practical corollaries: First, a GI must involve safety. Second, the issue must involve at least two plants, or it would be a plant-specific issue rather than a GI. Third, the potential safety question must not be covered by existing regulations and guidance (compliance). Thus, the effect of a GI is to potentially change the body of regulations and associated guidance (e.g., regulatory guides). The GIP was started in 1976, thus it is a relatively mature program. There have been approximately 850 issues processed by the program to date. More importantly, even after 30 years, new GIs continue to be proposed. The entire set of Generic Issues (GIs) is updated annually in NUREG-0933, “A Prioritization of Generic Safety Issues.” GIs tend to involve complex questions of safety and regulation. The efficient and effective means of addressing these issues is very important for regulatory effectiveness. If an issue proves to pose a genuine, significant safety question, then swift, effective, enforceable, and cost-effective action needs to be taken. Conversely, if an issue is of little safety significance, the issue should be dismissed in an expeditious manner, avoiding unnecessary expenditure of resources and regulatory burden or uncertainty. This paper provides an overview of the 5-stage program, from identification through the regulatory assessment stage. The paper also includes a discussion of the program’s seven criteria, sources of proposed GIs, recent improvements, publicly available information, historical performance, and status of current GIs.
9

YaGOVENKO, Tat'yana, Natal'ya ZAYCEVA, and Larisa Troshina. "Growth regulators’ action on grain yield formation of white lupin." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production 27 (75). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-27-75-73-82.

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The results of a comparative test of the growth regulators Circon and Epin-extra for white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) on the potassium monophosphate background are shown. The positive effect of the regulators on the vegetative development of white lupin plants and on development of assimilation surface, on chlorophyll and carotenoids content in leaves was set. Use of the chemicals in lupin crops fostered yield increase. The pre-sowing seed treatment following with spraying by the growth regulators Circon and Epin-extra at the bud formation stage were the most productive way to affect the development of this character. The yield of the var. Dega exceeded the standard one by 10.4 and 8.5% respectively; the yield of the var. Alyi parus — in 17.0 and 13.5%. The different response level of the white lupin varieties Dega and Alyi parus to the action of the growth regulators was observed.
10

Mollo, Giovanni. "Financial Market Regulators and Crisis of Pandemic." In The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.2.35.

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The pandemic has affected all sectors of economy and finance. Having outlined the characteristics of the financial market regulatory authority, the question arises as to the role it should play in this context. Given that the authority is not an expression of popular sovereignty, the conclusion is that it cannot take action to counter the crisis generated by the pandemic, as it cannot define its own autonomous political and economic guidelines.

Звіти організацій з теми "Actin regulators":

1

Sadot, Einat, Christopher Staiger, and Mohamad Abu-Abied. Studies of Novel Cytoskeletal Regulatory Proteins that are Involved in Abiotic Stress Signaling. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592652.bard.

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In the original proposal we planned to focus on two proteins related to the actin cytoskeleton: TCH2, a touch-induced calmodulin-like protein which was found by us to interact with the IQ domain of myosin VIII, ATM1; and ERD10, a dehydrin which was found to associate with actin filaments. As reported previously, no other dehydrins were found to interact with actin filaments. In addition so far we were unsuccessful in confirming the interaction of TCH2 with myosin VIII using other methods. In addition, no other myosin light chain candidates were found in a yeast two hybrid survey. Nevertheless we have made a significant progress in our studies of the role of myosins in plant cells. Plant myosins have been implicated in various cellular activities, such as cytoplasmic streaming (1, 2), plasmodesmata function (3-5), organelle movement (6-10), cytokinesis (4, 11, 12), endocytosis (4, 5, 13-15) and targeted RNA transport (16). Plant myosins belong to two main groups of unconventional myosins: myosin XI and myosin VIII, both closely related to myosin V (17-19). The Arabidopsis myosin family contains 17 members: 13 myosin XI and four myosin VIII (19, 20). The data obtained from our research of myosins was published in two papers acknowledging BARD funding. To address whether specific myosins are involved with the motility of specific organelles, we cloned the cDNAs from neck to tail of all 17 Arabidopsis myosins. These were fused to GFP and used as dominant negative mutants that interact with their cargo but are unable to walk along actin filaments. Therefore arrested organelle movement in the presence of such a construct shows that a particular myosin is involved with the movement of that particular organelle. While no mutually exclusive connections between specific myosins and organelles were found, based on overexpression of dominant negative tail constructs, a group of six myosins (XIC, XIE, XIK, XI-I, MYA1 and MYA2) were found to be more important for the motility of Golgi bodies and mitochondria in Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum (8). Further deep and thorough analysis of myosin XIK revealed a potential regulation by head and tail interaction (Avisar et al., 2011). A similar regulatory mechanism has been reported for animal myosin V and VIIa (21, 22). In was shown that myosin V in the inhibited state is in a folded conformation such that the tail domain interacts with the head domain, inhibiting its ATPase and actinbinding activities. Cargo binding, high Ca2+, and/or phosphorylation may reduce the interaction between the head and tail domains, thus restoring its activity (23). Our collaborative work focuses on the characterization of the head tail interaction of myosin XIK. For this purpose the Israeli group built yeast expression vectors encoding the myosin XIK head. In addition, GST fusions of the wild-type tail as well as a tail mutated in the amino acids that mediate head to tail interaction. These were sent to the US group who is working on the isolation of recombinant proteins and performing the in vitro assays. While stress signals involve changes in Ca2+ levels in plants cells, the cytoplasmic streaming is sensitive to Ca2+. Therefore plant myosin activity is possibly regulated by stress. This finding is directly related to the goal of the original proposal.
2

Wiser, R., S. Pickle, and C. Goldman. California renewable energy policy and implementation issues: An overview of recent regulatory and legislative action. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/409898.

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3

Coalgate, J. RCRA corrective action permit requirements and modifications under Subpart F regulations. RCRA Information Brief. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10133317.

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4

Boonyaratanakornkit, Viroj. Chromatin HMG-I (Y) as a Co-regulatory Protein for Estrogen Receptor Action in Breast Cancer Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada368525.

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5

Boonyaratanakornkit, Viroj. Chromatin HMG-I(Y) as a Co-Regulatory Protein for Estrogen Receptor Action in Breast Cancer Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada391523.

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6

Hotz-Hart, Beat. Thematic synthesis “Market Conditions and Regulation” of the NRP “Energy”. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_nrp70_nrp71.2019.4.en.

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It will not be possible to transform the Swiss electricity system with technological solutions alone. The shaping of market conditions and regulations will be at least as important. These market conditions and regulations need to guide economic resources in the right direction through the provision of incentives and possible solutions. And it is here that action needs to be taken.
7

David, Gabrielle, D. Somerville, Julia McCarthy, Spencer MacNeil, Faith Fitzpatrick, Ryan Evans, and David Wilson. Technical guide for the development, evaluation, and modification of stream assessment methods for the Corps Regulatory Program. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42182.

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The U.S. Army Corps Regulatory Program considers the loss (impacts) and gain (compensatory mitigation) of aquatic resource functions as part of Clean Water Act Section 404 permitting and compensatory mitigation decisions. To better inform this regulatory decision-making, the Regulatory Program needs transparent and objective approaches to assess the function and condition of aquatic resources, including streams. Therefore, the Regulatory Program needs function-based stream assessments (1) to characterize a stream’s condition or function, (2) to improve understanding of the impact of a proposed action on an aquatic resource, and/or (3) to inform the development of stream compensatory mitigation tools rooted in stream condition and/or function. A function-based stream assessment can provide regulatory decision makers with the resources to objectively consider alternatives, minimize impacts, assess unavoidable impacts, determine mitigation requirements, and monitor the success of mitigation projects. A multiagency National Committee on Stream Assessment (NCSA) convened to create these guidelines to inform the development of new methods and evaluation of both national-level and regional methods currently in use. The resulting guidelines present nine phases, including rationale and recommendations to facilitate work efforts. The NCSA hopes that this technical guide promotes transparency, technical defensibility, and consistent application of stream assessments in the Regulatory Program.
8

Trabalka, J. R. Developing a strategy and closure criteria for radioactive and mixed waste sites in the ORNL remedial action program: Regulatory interface. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6126203.

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9

Ingram, Michael, David Narang, Daniella Rough, Peyton Sanders, Hallie Lucas, Andres Dominguez, and Carolina Obando Anzola. USAID Colombia Young Leaders Workforce Training Program Action Plans: Regulatory Road Map for Distributed Energy Resource (DER) Interconnection and Interoperability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1969538.

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10

Bustos, Sebastián, Luis Felipe Céspedes, John Leon-Diaz, and María Orduz. From Discussion to Action: Characterizing Areas of Reform in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005171.

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Structural reforms modify the institutional and regulatory framework to foster economic growth and improve welfare. While initially linked to economic liberalization, the concept has expanded to encompass a more comprehensive array of sector-specific interventions. However, the increased level of detail in these reforms presents significant challenges in accurately identifying the specific type of reform implemented by each country. In this study, we employ a comprehensive analysis of the policy discussions in Article IV Staff Reports of the International Monetary Fund to shed light on the dynamic nature of reforms and unveil regional disparities in reform priorities. The findings demonstrate a notable shift in Latin American and the Caribbean countries, where there is a growing emphasis on reforms that prioritize transparency, enhance institutional quality, advance education and healthcare systems, and strengthen safety nets.

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