Готові списки джерел за темами / Accessibility cost

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Accessibility cost"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Accessibility cost"

Batty, Michael. "Cost, Accessibility, and Weighted Entropy." Geographical Analysis 15, no. 3 (September 3, 2010): 256–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1983.tb00786.x.

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Vale, David. "Effective accessibility: Using effective speed to measure accessibility by cost." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 80 (March 2020): 102263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102263.

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Woldemariam, Wubeshet. "Prioritization of Low-Volume Road Projects Considering Project Cost and Network Accessibility: An Incremental Benefit–Cost Analysis Framework." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 4, 2021): 13434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313434.

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Анотація:

Due to insufficient funds to implement all candidate road infrastructure projects, there is a need to efficiently utilize available funds and select candidate projects that maximize performance criteria decision-makers. This paper proposes an incremental benefit–cost analysis (IBCA) framework to prioritize low-volume road (LVR) projects that maximize road network accessibility considering project cost and network accessibility requirements. The study results show that the accessibility benefits of road projects depend not only on their cost requirements but also on their spatial locations in the network that affect their network-level accessibility benefits per unit cost of investment. Additionally, the number of disrupted LVR links cannot fully determine the degree of change in network accessibility. The framework enables decision-makers to consider project cost requirements and the accessibility-related impacts of LVR projects, maximize economic benefits, and ensure the sustainability of the LVR network performance.

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Michailidou, Evangelia Michail. "Health Care System for Immigrants (Accessibility, Quality, Cost)." Journal of Advance Research in Medical & Health Science (ISSN: 2208-2425) 6, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnmhs.v6i9.894.

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The aim of this study is to identify and describe within the existing literature the characteristics (Immigrant, accessibility, quality, cost.) of primary health care models of service delivery for Indigenous immigrant people. Our focus was on knowledge synthesis of maternity care among immigrants to Greece provided a coherent evidence base for (a) eliciting a better understanding of the factor that generate disparities in accessibility, acceptability, and outcomes during maternity care and (b) improving culturally-based competency in maternity care. Our synthesis also identified pertinent issues in multiple sectors that should be addressed to configure maternity services and programs appropriately. Effectiveness, safety, and patient experience are key components of healthcare quality, an important element of health systems performance.

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Giordano, Beverly P. "Cost, quality, accessibility—Pick two out of three." AORN Journal 57, no. 2 (February 1993): 374–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)64097-6.

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Sharov, Maksim. "Analysis of the impact of transport accessibility on the cost of housing on the example of the city of Irkutsk." MATEC Web of Conferences 212 (2018): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821203001.

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Анотація:

The paper is devoted to the issues of estimation of transport accessibility of a territory, and also the influence of transport accessibility on cost of a square meter of housing. In particular, the dependence of the possible cost of one square meter on the value of transport accessibility is established.

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Xiong, Xuechen, and Li Luo. "Patient-centred method to evaluate the spatial accessibility of primary health care in a case study in Shanghai." Australian Journal of Primary Health 26, no. 4 (2020): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py19233.

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Анотація:

Quantitative methodology investigating medical resource accessibility does not incorporate patients’ feelings about the adequacy and fairness of primary health care (PHC). In this study we quantified the spatial accessibility of PHC from the patient perspective. The main obstacles regarding access to PHC services are: (1) distance from the medical facility; and (2) waiting times after reaching the facility. The total time cost to access PHC is calculated as the sum of the time cost to access the PHC facility and the time cost waiting to receive health care; the total time cost was used in this study to reflect the potential spatial accessibility (i.e. probable entry into the healthcare system) of PHC. In Shanghai, it took residents approximately 13min to reach the nearest primary care facility, with an approximate 23min wait time after arriving at the facility. Thus, the spatial accessibility of PHC in Shanghai is approximately 36min. The method of assessing the spatial accessibility of PHC from the perspective of patients is more explanatory and easier to interpret. In the case of Shanghai, the regional accessibility of PHC is much better than its regional availability. Relevant managers should focus on increasing the resource supply capacity of existing facilities providing primary care in the suburbs of Shanghai.

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Ayandiji, A. "Accessibility of youths to health care in Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (February 17, 2015): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v11i2.9.

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The youths of Nigeria cover up to 60% of the entire Nigeria population. Youths are a symbol of a town or village with potentials to perform strenuous work and constitute essential human resources for development. Youths are not excluded from health issues facing the generality of the human population. This study examines the accessibility of youths to the various health facilities available, the cost of services provided and also the relationship between the health facilities available and the cost of services provided. The National baseline survey report of 2012 was used. Three States were randomly selected from each of the six geopolitical zones of the country. Majority of the respondents patronized public hospitals than other health institutions. Most youths claimed that the cost of services provided were moderate. There is a significant relationship between health care alternatives available and cost of services. There should be more sensitization for the youth to take their health seriously and patronize health facilities where adequate examination can be carried out.Key words: Youth, Accessibility, Nigeria.

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El-Geneidy, Ahmed, David Levinson, Ehab Diab, Genevieve Boisjoly, David Verbich, and Charis Loong. "The cost of equity: Assessing transit accessibility and social disparity using total travel cost." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 91 (September 2016): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.07.003.

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Horák, Jiří. "Transport accessibility evaluation." Geografie 111, no. 1 (2006): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2006111010115.

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Анотація:

Theoretical means of accessibility measures are applied mainly for transport accessibility evaluation. Analyses of transport accessibility are usually based on data collected during census. Nevertheless its results for commuting are published with remarkable delays. Monitoring campaigns organised by specialised companies represents another possibility, but the cost of such a statistical campaign is relatively high. The other possibility is the application of network analysis in the environment of geographic information systems for the evaluation of non-public individual transport. For evaluation of transport accessibility using public transport means, the analysis of time schedules can be applied. It is possible to evaluate existing public transport connections, analyse selected conditions, evaluate real costs of commuting, conditions of commuting like number and waiting time for changing and apply a Monte Carlo simulation approach to evaluate not only average conditions but also the range of commuting conditions (which can be next utilized with a probabilistic approach). The selected presented methods were applied and tested for Bruntál district in Czechia. The transport accessibility was studied from the point of view of commuting to work and a comparison with the situation in the labour market was undertaken.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Accessibility cost"

Sadatsafavi, Mohsen. "Advancing the methods and accessibility of cost-effectiveness and value of information analyses in health care." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/40867.

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This thesis comprises three methodological advancements that address important issues related to cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and expected value of information (EVI) analysis in health technology assessment. Aims: 1) To develop a practical sampling scheme for the incorporation of external evidence in CEAs conducted alongside randomized controlled trials (RCT); 2) To develop non-parametric methods for the calculation of the expected value of sample information (EVSI) for RCT-based CEAs; 3) To develop a computationally efficient algorithm for the calculation of single-parameter expected value of partial perfect information (EVPPI) for RCT-based and model-based CEAs. The theories and methods laid out in this work are accompanied by real-world CEA and EVI analyses of the Canadian Optimal Therapy of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (OPTIMAL) trial, a RCT on combination pharmaceutical therapies in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Results: 1) The ‘vetted bootstrap’ is a semi-parametric algorithm based on rejection sampling and bootstrapping that allows the incorporation of external evidence into RCT-based CEAs. Implementing this method to incorporate external information on the effect size of treatment in the OPTIMAL trial required only minor modifications to the original CEA algorithm. 2) A Bayesian interpretation of the bootstrap allows non-parametric calculation of EVSI through two-level resampling. In the case study, incorporation of missing value imputation and adjustment for covariate imbalance in EVI calculations generated EVSI and the expected value of perfect information (EVPI) values that were significantly different than those calculated conventionally, demonstrating the flexibility of this method and the potential impact of modeling such aspects of the analysis on EVI calculations. 3) The new method enabled the calculation of EVPPI for the effect size of treatment for the exemplary RCT data, and showed a significant (up to 25 times in terms of root-mean-squared error) improvement in efficiency compared to the conventional EVPPI calculation methods in a series of simulations. Summary: This thesis provides several original advancements in the methodology of the CEA and EVI analysis of RCTs and enables several analytical approaches that have hitherto been available only through parametric modeling of RCT data.

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Lundin, Susan. "Utredning av merkostnader för höjning av tillgänglighetsnivån från normal till höjd nivå enligt SS 91 42 21:2006 samt 91 42 22:2006." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90014.

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Detta arbete grundar sig på en befintlig ritning projekterad av Arkinova Arkitekter och uppfyller normal tillgänglighetsnivå. Ritningen består av ett lägenhetsplan med fem lägenheter vilka har en boarea mellan 36-64 m2. I detta arbete omprojekterades dessa lägenheter till höjd tillgänglighetsnivå enligt SS med avsikt att förbättra tillgängligheten för funktionshindrade grupper. Omprojekteringen utfördes med hjälp av BIM-programmet Revit Architecture 2013 med utgångspunkt från standarderna, SS 91 42 21:2006 samt SS 91 42 22:2006, vilka utgör underlag för projektering av bostäder. Syftet med denna studie var att utreda de merkostnader som är förknippade med en tillgänglighetsökning, dessa merkostnader beräknades i kalkylprogrammet BidCon. Resultatet visade att för att uppfylla SS rekommendationer kring ökad tillgänglighet, var en ökning av bruttoarean med 84 m2 i den ursprungliga ritningen oundviklig. Detta innebar en total ökning av bruttoarean med 25 %, vilket resulterade i merkostnader som uppgick till 126 014 SEK för lägenhetsplanet i höjd nivå. Dessa merkostnader inkluderar materialet i väggar, dörrar samt golvbjälklaget. Den procentuella kostnadsökningen för materialet blev således 22 %.
This work is based on an existing drawing designed by Arkinova Arkitekter, and is adapted to normal level of accessibility. The drawing consists of five apartments, with each apartment covering a total floor area between 36-64 m2. To improve accessibility for disabled groups, the apartments have been re-designed to a higher level of accessibility using BIM software Revit Architecture based on SS (Swedish Standard) 91 42 21:2006 and 91 42 22:2006. The purpose of this study was to investigate the additional costs associated with an increased accessibility; these additional costs were calculated in the spreadsheet program BidCon. The result showed that in order to comply with SS’ recommendation around increased accessibility, the floor area in the original drawing had to be increased by 84 m2 to allow increased mobility. This corresponds to a total increase of 25 %, which resulted in an additional costs of 126 014 SEK (22 % increase) including material for walls, doors and floor slab.

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Meng, Qingyue. "Health care pricing and payment reforms in China: the implications for health service delivery and cost containment /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-576-3/.

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Ström, Lind Anna, Hanna Silfver, and Eleonor Bengtsson. "Tillgänglighetskrav i nyproduktion - På vilket sätt påverkar tillgänglighetskraven nyproduktionen av bostäder?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23066.

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Sveriges byggregler grundar sig i FN:s konventioner och FN har beslutats att allnyproduktion ska vara tillgänglig för alla. Huruvida tillgänglighetskraven påverkarfastighetsutvecklingen i Sverige är en omdiskuterad fråga. Aktörer i branschen menar attbyggreglerna är för detaljerade och att utvecklingsmöjligheterna i fastighetsbranschen är små.Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka om tillgänglighetskraven påverkar nyproduktionen avbostäder samt att ta reda på om tillgänglighetskraven medför konsekvenser på byggandet.Uppsatsen genomfördes med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod och innehåller intervjuer av totalttretton bolag som alla arbetar på olika sätt inom fastighetsbranschen.Bolagen är överens om att tillgänglighetskraven är en faktor som påverkar och kan hämmabyggprocessen men menar att det inte enbart är de som påverkar, utan det finns krav sompåverkar ännu mer till exempel kravet på buller och dagsljus. Ytterligare ett problem sombolagen upplever är det stora tolkningsutrymmet som tillgänglighetskraven öppnar upp för,men Boverket menar att tolkningsutrymmet gällande tillgänglighetskraven inte är större än iandra krav.Idag går trenden mot mindre bostäder men det kan upplevas som att tillgänglighetskravenhämmar byggandet utav dem. Boverket har ingen direkt uppfattning om vad som faktisktefterfrågas på marknaden. Bolagen har blandade meningar gällande om all nyproduktion börvara tillgänglig för alla eller om det räcker med att en andel av byggnationerna följertillgänglighetskraven. Det har Boverket ingen kommentar på, lagarna är tvingande.
Sweden's building regulations are based on UNs conventions and it has been determined thatall new construction should be accessible to everyone. Whether the accessibility requirementsaffect property development in Sweden is a well debated issue. Industry actors believe thatthe building regulations are too detailed and that the development opportunities in the realestate industry are small.The purpose of the thesis is to investigate whether the accessibility requirements affect thenew construction of housing and to find out whether the accessibility requirements entailconsequences on the new construction of housing. The study was conducted using aqualitative method and contains interviews of a total of thirteen companies that all work inthe real estate industry.The companies agree that the accessibility requirements are a factor that influences and caninhibit the construction process, but they believe that it is not the solely factor, but there arerequirements that affect even more, for example the requirement for noise and daylight.Another problem that the companies experience is that the great scope for interpretation, butthe National Board of Housing believes that the scope for interpretations regardingaccessibility requirements is not greater than in other requirements.It is agreed that the trend today goes towards smaller housing, but many experiences that theaccessibility requirements obstruct their construction on this type of smaller housing. Thenational Board of Housing has no direct perception on how the actual demand is on the realestate market. The companies have mixed opinions regarding whether all new constructionshould be available to everyone or if it is sufficient that a proportion of the constructionfollows the accessibility requirements. The National Board of Housing has no comment onthis matter but claims that the laws are mandatory.

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Silvestre, Cerdà Joan Albert. "Different Contributions to Cost-Effective Transcription and Translation of Video Lectures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/62194.

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[EN] In recent years, on-line multimedia repositories have experiencied a strong growth that have made them consolidated as essential knowledge assets, especially in the area of education, where large repositories of video lectures have been built in order to complement or even replace traditional teaching methods. However, most of these video lectures are neither transcribed nor translated due to a lack of cost-effective solutions to do so in a way that gives accurate enough results. Solutions of this kind are clearly necessary in order to make these lectures accessible to speakers of different languages and to people with hearing disabilities. They would also facilitate lecture searchability and analysis functions, such as classification, recommendation or plagiarism detection, as well as the development of advanced educational functionalities like content summarisation to assist student note-taking. For this reason, the main aim of this thesis is to develop a cost-effective solution capable of transcribing and translating video lectures to a reasonable degree of accuracy. More specifically, we address the integration of state-of-the-art techniques in Automatic Speech Recognition and Machine Translation into large video lecture repositories to generate high-quality multilingual video subtitles without human intervention and at a reduced computational cost. Also, we explore the potential benefits of the exploitation of the information that we know a priori about these repositories, that is, lecture-specific knowledge such as speaker, topic or slides, to create specialised, in-domain transcription and translation systems by means of massive adaptation techniques. The proposed solutions have been tested in real-life scenarios by carrying out several objective and subjective evaluations, obtaining very positive results. The main outcome derived from this thesis, The transLectures-UPV Platform, has been publicly released as an open-source software, and, at the time of writing, it is serving automatic transcriptions and translations for several thousands of video lectures in many Spanish and European universities and institutions.
[ES] Durante estos últimos años, los repositorios multimedia on-line han experimentado un gran crecimiento que les ha hecho establecerse como fuentes fundamentales de conocimiento, especialmente en el área de la educación, donde se han creado grandes repositorios de vídeo charlas educativas para complementar e incluso reemplazar los métodos de enseñanza tradicionales. No obstante, la mayoría de estas charlas no están transcritas ni traducidas debido a la ausencia de soluciones de bajo coste que sean capaces de hacerlo garantizando una calidad mínima aceptable. Soluciones de este tipo son claramente necesarias para hacer que las vídeo charlas sean más accesibles para hablantes de otras lenguas o para personas con discapacidades auditivas. Además, dichas soluciones podrían facilitar la aplicación de funciones de búsqueda y de análisis tales como clasificación, recomendación o detección de plagios, así como el desarrollo de funcionalidades educativas avanzadas, como por ejemplo la generación de resúmenes automáticos de contenidos para ayudar al estudiante a tomar apuntes. Por este motivo, el principal objetivo de esta tesis es desarrollar una solución de bajo coste capaz de transcribir y traducir vídeo charlas con un nivel de calidad razonable. Más específicamente, abordamos la integración de técnicas estado del arte de Reconocimiento del Habla Automático y Traducción Automática en grandes repositorios de vídeo charlas educativas para la generación de subtítulos multilingües de alta calidad sin requerir intervención humana y con un reducido coste computacional. Además, también exploramos los beneficios potenciales que conllevaría la explotación de la información de la que disponemos a priori sobre estos repositorios, es decir, conocimientos específicos sobre las charlas tales como el locutor, la temática o las transparencias, para crear sistemas de transcripción y traducción especializados mediante técnicas de adaptación masiva. Las soluciones propuestas en esta tesis han sido testeadas en escenarios reales llevando a cabo nombrosas evaluaciones objetivas y subjetivas, obteniendo muy buenos resultados. El principal legado de esta tesis, The transLectures-UPV Platform, ha sido liberado públicamente como software de código abierto, y, en el momento de escribir estas líneas, está sirviendo transcripciones y traducciones automáticas para diversos miles de vídeo charlas educativas en nombrosas universidades e instituciones Españolas y Europeas.
[CAT] Durant aquests darrers anys, els repositoris multimèdia on-line han experimentat un gran creixement que els ha fet consolidar-se com a fonts fonamentals de coneixement, especialment a l'àrea de l'educació, on s'han creat grans repositoris de vídeo xarrades educatives per tal de complementar o inclús reemplaçar els mètodes d'ensenyament tradicionals. No obstant això, la majoria d'aquestes xarrades no estan transcrites ni traduïdes degut a l'absència de solucions de baix cost capaces de fer-ho garantint una qualitat mínima acceptable. Solucions d'aquest tipus són clarament necessàries per a fer que les vídeo xarres siguen més accessibles per a parlants d'altres llengües o per a persones amb discapacitats auditives. A més, aquestes solucions podrien facilitar l'aplicació de funcions de cerca i d'anàlisi tals com classificació, recomanació o detecció de plagis, així com el desenvolupament de funcionalitats educatives avançades, com per exemple la generació de resums automàtics de continguts per ajudar a l'estudiant a prendre anotacions. Per aquest motiu, el principal objectiu d'aquesta tesi és desenvolupar una solució de baix cost capaç de transcriure i traduir vídeo xarrades amb un nivell de qualitat raonable. Més específicament, abordem la integració de tècniques estat de l'art de Reconeixement de la Parla Automàtic i Traducció Automàtica en grans repositoris de vídeo xarrades educatives per a la generació de subtítols multilingües d'alta qualitat sense requerir intervenció humana i amb un reduït cost computacional. A més, també explorem els beneficis potencials que comportaria l'explotació de la informació de la que disposem a priori sobre aquests repositoris, és a dir, coneixements específics sobre les xarrades tals com el locutor, la temàtica o les transparències, per a crear sistemes de transcripció i traducció especialitzats mitjançant tècniques d'adaptació massiva. Les solucions proposades en aquesta tesi han estat testejades en escenaris reals duent a terme nombroses avaluacions objectives i subjectives, obtenint molt bons resultats. El principal llegat d'aquesta tesi, The transLectures-UPV Platform, ha sigut alliberat públicament com a programari de codi obert, i, en el moment d'escriure aquestes línies, està servint transcripcions i traduccions automàtiques per a diversos milers de vídeo xarrades educatives en nombroses universitats i institucions Espanyoles i Europees.
Silvestre Cerdà, JA. (2016). Different Contributions to Cost-Effective Transcription and Translation of Video Lectures [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62194
TESIS

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Dzuranin, Ann C. "Mitigating Escalation of Commitment: An Investigation of the Effects of Priming and Decision-Making Setting in Capital Project Continuation Decisions." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://digital.lib.usf.edu/?e14.2942.

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Qiu, Waishan. "Increasing Saudi females' accessibility to employment via car-pooling in Riyadh : measure the realistic commute cost by network computing methods and investigate the share-ability based on actual taxi trip data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111478.

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Анотація:

Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 121-124).
Due to the driving ban as well as to social restrictions on their movement with male drivers, Saudi women have to rely on either male family members or the employer's shuttle bus; otherwise they would hire a driver or take the taxi. These few options pose high commute cost on Saudi females, hence their access to economic opportunities is restrained, especially among lower car ownership segments. Such restrictions have negative influence on Saudi females' employment. The employment rate of Saudi women is only 22%. However, no previous research has quantitatively investigated the commute cost as a financial burden and barrier to job participation for Saudi females. Taking the capital city Riyadh as a case study, this study will (1) develop the method to measure the realistic commute cost (in terms of time and money) by different transportation options for Saudi female residents in different job sectors; (2) examine the spatial mismatch between Saudi females' concentration and their job markets using the notion of accessibility; (3) demonstrate ridesharing's capacity of providing greater access for Saudi women based on spatial analysis of the current commute demands and behaviors; (4) and also look at the feasibility of developing ridesharing programs based on network analysis of current taxi trips. This study sheds light on implications for policy makers and ridesharing service companies to reduce Saudi females' commute cost so as to increase their access to economic opportunities.
by Waishan Qiu.
M.C.P.

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Rydell, Emma, and Jennifer Andersson. "Social hållbarhet – en tillgänglighetsinventering i Jönköping." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-41167.

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Purpose: This thesis investigates the accessibility in the existing housing stock in Jönköping. The inventory was carried out with the help of the handbook Accessibility in Existing Housing abbreviated as TIBB. The aim is to investigate the extent of accessibility problems based on the selection in Jönköping city with TIBB, and to calculate costs for eliminating these problems. This provides a basis that contributes to improving social sustainability. To achieve the goal, the following questions were asked: (1) How many multi-family houses from the selection of 40, 50 and 60s in Jönköping, have problems with accessibility according to TIBB? (2) What is the occurrence of different types of accessibility problems in the surveyed apartment buildings? (3) What might the cost estimate be to meet the requirements of TIBB, with and without subsidization for an elevator? Method: The main method that was used for this thesis where a case-study with observation. A total of 15 real estate’s where investigated and gave data that was analyzed and gave results through data processing. A document analysis was made for cost estimate to use the same calculations to obtain generalizable figures, as well as compare costs. To give background to the problem a literature study has been accomplished which confirms that there are accessibility problems in the existing housing stock. Findings: The findings that shows that all investigated multifamily housing in the city of Jönköping have accessibility problems. Since they only reach the lowest level in TIBB. The most common accessibility problems for the investigated housing are that the lowest and highest step of stairs aren’t marked, no place for a walker outside and inside the entry, no elevator and the thresholds are higher than 15 mm. To address accessibility problems with the highest possible accessibility level for each property, the cost was estimated to amount to approximately SEK 20.0 million without subsidization when installing an elevator. The cost amounts to approximately SEK 10.4 million with subsidization when installing a elevator. Implications: The conclusions drawn are that the identified the accessibility problems based on the selection in Jönköping's city must be addressed to accommodate housing for the increasing proportion of elderly people in the future. Real estate companies may raise the rent by a maximum of SEK 450 per month if an elevator is installed. For real estate companies to be able to adapt their properties, which contributes to improved social sustainability, the proposal for subsidization when installing an elevator needs to go through, otherwise property companies will lose at a loss if they address accessibility problems. Limitations: Limitations in the thesis is for the year’s forties, fifties and sixties and only five multifamily houses from each decade has been inventoried. Costs relate to many different factors from a socio-economic perspective and will be limited to reasonable rent increases according to the property managers.
Syfte: Detta arbete undersöker tillgängligheten av det befintliga bostadsbeståndet i Jönköping stad. Inventeringen utfördes med hjälp av handboken Tillgänglighet i befintligt bostadsbestånd, TIBB. Målet är att undersöka omfattningen av tillgänglighetsproblem utifrån urvalet i Jönköping stad med TIBB, samt att beräkna kostnader för att eliminera dessa problem. Detta ger ett underlag som bidrar till en förbättring av den sociala hållbarheten. För att uppnå målet ställdes följande frågeställningar: (1) Hur många flerbostadshus utifrån urvalet från 40-, 50- och 60-tal i Jönköping stad, har problem med tillgängligheten enligt TIBB? (2) Vad är förekomsten av olika typer av tillgänglighetsproblem i de undersökta flerbostadshusen? (3) Vad kan kostnadsuppskattningen vara för att uppfylla kraven i TIBB, med och utan subventionering för en hiss? Metod: Antalet fastigheter som undersökts var 15 stycken. En fallstudie med observation gav rådata som analyserats och gett resultat genom databearbetning. En dokumentanalys gjordes inför kostnadsuppskattningen för att använda sig av samma beräkningar för att kunna få fram generaliserbara siffror, samt jämföra kostnader. För att ge bakgrund till problemet har en litteraturstudie utförts vilket bekräftar att det finns tillgänglighetsproblem i det befintliga bostadsbeståndet. Resultat: Resultatet utifrån arbetet visade att samtliga undersökta flerbostadshusen i Jönköping har problem med tillgängligheten då de endast uppnådde den lägsta nivån enligt TIBB. De vanligaste tillgänglighetsproblemen för de undersökta flerbostadshusen är att trappans nedersta och övertas steg är ej markerade, avsaknad av uppställningsplats för rollator utanför och innanför entrén, hiss saknas samt är trösklarna över 15 mm. För att åtgärda tillgänglighetsproblemen med högsta möjliga tillgänglighetsnivå för respektive fastighet beräknades kostnaden fram till cirka 20,0 miljoner kronor utan subventionering vid installation av hiss. Kostnaden uppgår till cirka 10,4 miljoner kronor med subventionering vid installation av hiss. Konsekvenser: Slutsatserna som dras är att de identifierade tillgänglighetsproblemen utifrån urvalet i Jönköpings stad måste åtgärdas för att tillgodose bostäder för den ökande andelen äldre människor i framtiden. Fastighetsföretagen får höja hyran med max 450 kronor i månaden om hiss installeras. För att fastighetsbolagen ska kunna tillgänglighetsanpassa sina fastigheter, vilket bidrar till en förbättrad social hållbarhet, behöver förslaget till subventionering vid installering av hiss gå igenom, annars kommer fastighetsbolagen gå med förlust om de åtgärdar tillgänglighetsproblemen. Begränsningar: Avgränsningar i arbetet är utifrån årtal, 40-, 50- och 60-talet samt att enbart fem objekt från varje tidsepok inventeras. Kostnader berör många olika faktorer inom ett samhällsekonomiskt perspektiv och kommer i arbetet begränsas till rimliga hyreshöjningar enligt fastighetsförvaltarna.

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Seagrave, Susanne M. "The role of expensive technologies in the new medical marketplace /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9906474.

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Park, Yongha. "Studies in Airline and Aviation Efficiency." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu149261466159752.

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Книги з теми "Accessibility cost"

New Jersey. Governor's Commission on Health Care Costs. Cost accessibility, responsibility, efficiency for New Jersey. [Trenton, N.J.]: The Commission, 1990.

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Teixeira, Pedro N., D. Bruce Johnstone, Maria J. Rosa, and Hans Vossensteyn, eds. Cost-Sharing and Accessibility in Higher Education: A Fairer Deal? Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4660-5.

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TEIXEIRA, PEDRO N., D. BRUCE JOHNSTONE, MARIA JOÃO ROSA, and HANS VOSSENSTEYN, eds. COST-SHARING AND ACCESSIBILITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A FAIRER DEAL? Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4660-x.

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Cheh, Valerie. Rural health clinics: Improved access at a cost. Princeton, NJ: Mathematica Policy Research, 2002.

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California. Legislature. Senate. Committee on Health and Human Services. A cost effective agenda for health access for children and families: Informational hearing. Sacramento, Calif: Senate Publications, 2002.

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John, Holahan, ed. Medicaid spending in the 1980s: The access-cost containment trade-off revisited. Washington, D.C: Urban Institute Press, 1990.

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The Hippocratic predicament: Affordability, access, and accountability in American medicine. San Diego: Academic Press, 1993.

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Sherrow, Victoria. The U.S. health care crisis: The fight over access, quality, and cost. Brookfield, Conn: Millbrook Press, 1994.

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United States. Advisory Council on Social Security (1989-1991), ed. Critical issues in American health care delivery and financing policy: A report of the Advisory Council on Social Security. Washington, DC: The Council, 1991.

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Buchmueller, Thomas C. How far to the hospital?: The effect of hospital closures on access to care. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Частини книг з теми "Accessibility cost"

Prazak, Barbara, Stefan Mina, and Gernot Kronreif. "Accessibility through Standard Low Cost Pointing Devices." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 782–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27817-7_116.

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Michel, Xavier. "The financial accessibility of children's camps: a French challenge to renew their popularity." In Social tourism: global challenges and approaches, 126–39. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241211.0011.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on the financial accessibility of children's camps in France, identifying organizers that have decided to conceive low-cost camps, grasping their particular ways of offering low-cost camps, and revealing their motives. The first part of the chapter explores the links between social tourism and children's camps in France, assuming that the current camps must be analysed against the models of social tourism. The second part of the chapter specifies the financial issues and outlines the camps' characteristics, giving the price levels.

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Ouma, Paul, Peter M. Macharia, Emelda Okiro, and Victor Alegana. "Methods of Measuring Spatial Accessibility to Health Care in Uganda." In Practicing Health Geography, 77–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63471-1_6.

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AbstractEnsuring everyone has access to health care regardless of demographic, geographic and social economic status is a key component of universal health coverage. In sub-Saharan Africa, where populations are often sparsely distributed and services scarcely available, reducing distances or travel time to facilities is key in ensuring access to health care. This chapter traces the key concepts in measuring spatial accessibility by reviewing six methods—Provider-to-population ratio, Euclidean distance, gravity models, kernel density, network analysis and cost distance analysis—that can be used to model spatial accessibility. The advantages and disadvantages of using each of these models are also laid out, with the aim of choosing a model that can be used to capture spatial access. Using an example from Uganda, a cost distance analysis is used to model travel time to the nearest primary health care facility. The model adjusts for differences in land use, weather patterns and elevation while also excluding barriers such as water bodies and protected areas in the analysis. Results show that the proportion of population within 1-h travel times for the 13 regions in the country varies from 64.6% to 96.7% in the dry period and from 61.1% to 96.3% in the wet period. The model proposed can thus be used to highlight disparities in spatial accessibility, but as we demonstrate, care needs to be taken in accurate assembly of data and interpreting results in the context of the limitations.

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De Witte, Kristof, and Marc-André Chénier. "Learning Analytics in Education for the Twenty-First Century." In Handbook of Computational Social Science for Policy, 305–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16624-2_16.

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AbstractThe online traces that students leave on electronic learning platforms; the improved integration of educational, administrative and online data sources; and the increasing accessibility of hands-on software allow the domain of learning analytics to flourish. Learning analytics, as in interdisciplinary domain borrowing from statistics, computer sciences and education, exploits the increased accessibility of technology to foster an optimal learning environment that is both transparent and cost-effective. This chapter illustrates the potential of learning analytics to stimulate learning outcomes and to contribute to educational quality management. Moreover, it discusses the increasing emergence of large and accessible data sets in education and compares the cost-effectiveness of learning analytics to that of costly and unreliable retrospective studies and surveys. The chapter showcases the potential of methods that permit savvy users to make insightful predictions about student types, performance and the potential of reforms. The chapter concludes with recommendations, challenges to the implementation and growth of learning analytics.

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Tannert, Benjamin, Reuben Kirkham, and Johannes Schöning. "Analyzing Accessibility Barriers Using Cost-Benefit Analysis to Design Reliable Navigation Services for Wheelchair Users." In Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2019, 202–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29381-9_13.

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da Rocha Perris, Paulo André, and Fernando da Fonseca de Souza. "Integrated Assistive Auxiliary System - Developing Low Cost Assistive Technology to Provide Computational Accessibility for Disabled People." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 33–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49282-3_3.

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Lapteva, Elena, and Elena Ogorodnikova. "Russia Impact of Transport Accessibility of the Enterprise on the Cost of Delivery in E-Commerce." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 669–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11051-1_68.

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Capanema-Alvares, Lucia. "Marginalization Through Mobility and Porosity: How Social Housing Dwellers See and Live the City." In The Urban Book Series, 141–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19748-2_10.

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AbstractUrban mobility in its broader meaning has become fundamental in neoliberal times, for it determines who gets what, how often, and at what cost. While motility is a component of mobility—together with connectivity and reversibility—defined by Kaufmann (2014) as a quality of the actor and/or of the dialectical relation between the self and the field of the possible, and accessibility concerns the structures necessary to take part in this possible, porosity is a quality of the territory and/or of the dialectical relation between space and society. The three of them inseparably carry the city dwellers’ possibilities of fulfilling their projects and wishes in the city territory. In order to start picturing how the society–space dialectic based on motility, accessibility, and porosity shapes daily social relations, especially where spatial justice is at stake, this study—part of the all-encompassing Action Research Project Mapping San Siro—surveyed 100 inhabitants of the Milanese neighbourhood. The resulting picture is a snapshot, a working scenario which helps bottom-up initiatives understand and focus on the most problematic, sometimes underlying aspects of marginality. While the quantitative results point to low-income inhabitants who work hard, use public transportation on an everyday basis, have few, if any, professional dreams, and feel reasonably welcome in a city they did not choose to live in, a number of qualitative results show that mobility (as a whole social phenomenon) problems can be deeper, not yet surfaced or voiced.

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Ariya, George. "Towards a symbiotic wildlife tourism destination attractiveness and sustainability framework for national parks in Kenya." In Managing visitor experiences in nature-based tourism, 164–78. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245714.0013.

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Abstract This chapter presents a wildlife tourism destination attractiveness and sustainability framework based on relevant destination attractiveness attributes and sustainability indicators. The framework was tested at Lake Nakuru National Park (LNNP) in Kenya. Attractiveness was categorized into four dimensions that included wildlife resources, park accessibility, cost of attractions and park image. As the findings indicated, there was direct positive effect of all four dimensions. A relatively low effect was recorded with regard to park image, which is likely to have contributed to low satisfaction experience, future behavioural intentions and park ecological value. In addition, among the repeat visitors' responses, the majority agreed there was increased wildlife disappearance, increased difficulty in sightseeing key wildlife attractions at LNNP, invasive new species within the park, changes in wildlife grazing grounds, infrastructure damage and increased visibility of litter inside the park.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Accessibility cost"

Brinkley, Julian. "Participation at What Cost? Teaching Accessibility Using Participatory Design." In SIGCSE '20: The 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3328778.3366931.

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Williams, Kristin, Karyn Moffatt, Jonggi Hong, Yasmeen Faroqi-Shah, and Leah Findlater. "The Cost of Turning Heads." In ASSETS '16: The 18th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2982142.2982165.

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Ruiz-Olaya, A. F., and C. N. Lara-Herrera. "Enhancing e-accessibility of disabled people using low-cost technology." In 2016 8th Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems (EATIS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eatis.2016.7520121.

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Salih, Maryam A., May A. Salih, Hala Jamal, and Aliyaa Hussain. "Hybrid module for low-cost surveillance system." In 2017 6th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology and Accessibility (ICTA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icta.2017.8336012.

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Caldwell, James L. "Parallel Benefit/Cost Models for Improving Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities." In The International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y1991.027.

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Carrese, Stefano, Valerio Cuneo, and Sergio Maria Patella. "A cost evaluation analysis for naval accessibility to Sardinia and Corsica." In 2015 International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mtits.2015.7223303.

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Nasser, Arshad. "Designing a Low-cost Finger Wearable Audio-tactile Device." In ASSETS '19: The 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3308561.3356105.

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Johnson, Nicole, Tom Yeh, and Ann Cunningham. "Low-Cost Tactile Coloring Page Fabrication on a Cutting Machine." In ASSETS '22: The 24th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3517428.3551353.

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Wheeler, Matt, Flynn Wolf, and Ravi Kuber. "Supporting augmented and alternative communication using a low-cost gestural device." In ASSETS '13: The 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2513383.2513386.

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Bousrih, Amel, and Zaki Brahmi. "Optimizing cost and response time for data intensive services' composition based on ABC algorithm." In 2015 5th International Conference on Information & Communication Technology and Accessibility (ICTA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icta.2015.7426888.

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Xylia, Maria, and Somya Joshi. A three-dimensional view of charging infrastructure equity. Stockholm Environment Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.020.

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If a transition to fossil-free alternatives for transportation is to help reach climate goals, it must be implemented in a manner that does not exacerbate existing inequalities, in terms of accessibility to services, as well as personal and household mobility costs. Here, the authors use Sweden as an example to introduce three dimensions that are linked to equitable charging infrastructure deployment, with a focus on private chargers: data transparency, local accessibility and opportunities for demand flexibility.

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Toloo, Sam, Ruvini Hettiarachchi, David Lim, and Katie Wilson. Reducing Emergency Department demand through expanded primary healthcare practice: Full report of the research and findings. Queensland University of Technology, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.227473.

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Demand for public hospital emergency departments’ services and care is increasing, placing considerable restraint on their performance and threatens patient safety. Many factors influence such demand including individual characteristics (e.g. perceptions, knowledge, values and norms), healthcare availability, affordability and accessibility, population aging, and internal health system factors (e.g patient flow, discharge process). To alleviate demand, many initiatives have been trialled or suggested, including early identification of at-risk patients, better management of chronic disease to reduce avoidable ED presentation, expanded capacity of front-line clinician to manage sub-acute and non-urgent care, improved hospital flow to reduce access block, and diversion to alternate site for care. However, none have had any major or sustained impact on the growth in ED demand. A major focus of the public discourse on ED demand has been the use and integration of primary healthcare and ED, based on the assumption that between 10%–25% of ED presentations are potentially avoidable if patients’ access to appropriate primary healthcare (PHC) services were enhanced. However, this requires not only improved access but also appropriateness in terms of the patients’ preference and PHC providers’ capacity to address the needs. What is not known at the moment is the extent of the potential for diversion of non-urgent ED patients to PHC and the cost-benefits of such policy and funding changes required, particularly in the Australian context. There is a need to better understand ED patients’ needs and capacity constraint so as to effect delivery of accessible, affordable, efficient and responsive services. Jennie Money Doug Morel

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Santoro, Fabrizio, Laura Munoz, Wilson Prichard, and Giulia Mascagi. Digital Financial Services and Digital IDs: What Potential do They Have for Better Taxation in Africa? Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2022.003.

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New digital technologies are now being widely used in Africa and lower-income countries (LICs). This has had an impact on tax administration, which has been increasingly digitised. Specifically Digital Financial Services (DFS) and digital IDs can improve tax administration. They have the potential to identify taxpayers more easily, communicate with them better, enforce and monitor compliance, and reduce compliance costs. While the potential is clear, existing literature indicates some of the barriers. Take-up of digital technology is still low due to barriers. Also, when taking up the technology, taxpayers often tend to adopt various measures to minimise tax payments. Within tax administrations there are challenges to accessibility and use of quality data. Mistakes can be made when launching digitisation, and there are regulatory and political barriers for effective use of digital technology. Given this context, this paper summarises key questions that are relevant for research and policy development to make more effective use of digital technology in tax administration in Africa and LICs.

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Wright, Timothy. Hypersonic Missile Proliferation: An Emerging European Problem. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/qvhv3959.

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The supposed benefits of hypersonic missile technology and the reconsideration of the European security landscape following Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine may act as a catalyst for multiple European states to acquire or develop high-speed systems. Although these systems are currently challenging to develop, trends in other missile technology point towards a gradual diffusion of explicit and tacit knowledge that ultimately lowers production costs, resulting in greater affordability and accessibility. Coupled with inefficient non-proliferation barriers and the gradual erosion of the cold war arms control architecture, it is likely that these systems will be fielded by several European countries in the next 10 to 15 years. Reflecting this projection, this paper considers in detail various European hypersonic missile programmes and explains the applications of these systems and their possible implications for European stability, including existing technical and policy barriers that impede proliferation. In unravelling these, the paper proposes how policymakers can strengthen these mechanisms, achieve deterrence without undermining stability and better manage this emerging security issue.

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Price, Roz. Evidence on the Advantages of Low Carbon Growth in Jordan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.117.

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There has been a considerable amount of research generally into the benefits associated with low carbon development, showing that it can be synergistic with development priorities – such as job creation, improved public health, social inclusion and improved accessibility (see for example, Gouldson et al., 2018). However, this rapid review finds limited evidence and information around these benefits specifically for the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. There has been much interest in green growth in Jordan in the last ten years, particularly as Jordan is seen as having a large renewable energy potential for solar and wind. International organisations have been working with Jordan to develop comprehensive national plans and strategies to encourage green growth investment. Within the Jordanian government, the green growth concept has mainly been promoted by the Ministry of Environment. The World Bank in particular has produced a number of reports that have fed into this review, that explore or touch on green growth in Jordan – however, they themselves recognise that there is a lack of research on the economic and job-generating impacts of a green growth pathway in Jordan, and emphasise the need for further analysis (see specifically Hakim et al., 2017). Many of the green growth statistics referenced are from single reports undertaken a number of years ago – for example, that environmental degradation costs Jordan 2% of its GDP per year comes from a World Bank report written in 2010 and based on data from 2006 (World Bank, 2010). No more recent reviews were found during this rapid review. This review draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature from government and international organisations.

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Agarwal, Smisha, Madhu Jalan, Holly C. Wilcox, Ritu Sharma, Rachel Hill, Emily Pantalone, Johannes Thrul, Jacob C. Rainey, and Karen A. Robinson. Evaluation of Mental Health Mobile Applications. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb41.

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Background. Mental health mobile applications (apps) have the potential to expand the provision of mental health and wellness services to traditionally underserved populations. There is a lack of guidance on how to choose wisely from the thousands of mental health apps without clear evidence of safety, efficacy, and consumer protections. Purpose. This Technical Brief proposes a framework to assess mental health mobile applications with the aim to facilitate selection of apps. The results of applying the framework will yield summary statements on the strengths and limitations of the apps and are intended for use by providers and patients/caregivers. Methods. We reviewed systematic reviews of mental health apps and reviewed published and gray literature on mental health app frameworks, and we conducted four Key Informant group discussions to identify gaps in existing mental health frameworks and key framework criteria. These reviews and discussions informed the development of a draft framework to assess mental health apps. Iterative testing and refinement of the framework was done in seven successive rounds through double application of the framework to a total of 45 apps. Items in the framework with an interrater reliability under 90 percent were discussed among the evaluation team for revisions of the framework or guidance. Findings. Our review of the existing frameworks identified gaps in the assessment of risks that users may face from apps, such as privacy and security disclosures and regulatory safeguards to protect the users. Key Informant discussions identified priority criteria to include in the framework, including safety and efficacy of mental health apps. We developed the Framework to Assist Stakeholders in Technology Evaluation for Recovery (FASTER) to Mental Health and Wellness and it comprises three sections: Section 1. Risks and Mitigation Strategies, assesses the integrity and risk profile of the app; Section 2. Function, focuses on descriptive aspects related to accessibility, costs, organizational credibility, evidence and clinical foundation, privacy/security, usability, functions for remote monitoring of the user, access to crisis services, and artificial intelligence (AI); and Section 3. Mental Health App Features, focuses on specific mental health app features, such as journaling and mood tracking. Conclusion. FASTER may be used to help appraise and select mental health mobile apps. Future application, testing, and refinements may be required to determine the framework’s suitability and reliability across multiple mental health conditions, as well as to account for the rapidly expanding applications of AI, gamification, and other new technology approaches.

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Testing a community-based distribution approach to reproductive health service delivery in Senegal (a study of community agents in Kébémer). Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh17.1010.

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The Division of Reproductive Health (DSR) of the Senegal Ministry of Health and Social Action, in partnership with the Population Council’s FRONTIERS in Reproductive Health program and Management Sciences for Health (MSH), conducted a study to test and compare three ways of providing reproductive health services to rural communities in the Kébémer district of Senegal in terms of their effectiveness, cost, and cost-effectiveness. FRONTIERS and MSH collaborated with the DSR to design the interventions, MSH supported the DSR in implementing the interventions, and FRONTIERS undertook the evaluation. This study, funded by USAID, responded to the recommendations of a 1999 workshop, organized by FRONTIERS and the DSR, on the community-based distribution (CBD) approach, which defined alternative CBD models appropriate for Senegal. The DSR sees the development of community-based service delivery models as essential for the future of health care in Senegal. As noted in this report, the general objective of the study was to contribute to the development of an integrated cost-effective program to increase the accessibility and availability of reproductive health information and services in rural areas of Senegal.

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District level baseline survey of family planning program in Uttar Pradesh: Kanpur. Population Council, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1995.1008.

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The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) with financial support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has sponsored the Innovations in Family Planning Services Project (under the management of the State Innovations in Family Planning Services Agency, Lucknow). The project aims to reduce fertility through increasing accessibility, improving quality, and generating demand for family planning services. It attempts to achieve its objectives by supporting service innovations in the public and nongovernmental sector and through social marketing of contraceptives. These intervention strategies are expected to increase the couple protection rate of the state in general and of Kanpur Nagar in particular. One of the prerequisites is to carry out a baseline survey in selected districts of Uttar Pradesh. The BSUP is primarily a household survey with an overall target sample size of 37,000 ever married women ages 13–49 years. The Population Council has collaborated with a number of Indian Consulting Organizations (COs) for survey implementation. Each CO has carried out the survey in one or more districts. The baseline survey was initiated in 15 out of the state’s 63 districts. This report pertains to district Kanpur Nagar.

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District level baseline survey of family planning program in Uttar Pradesh: Jalaun. Population Council, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1995.1005.

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The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), with support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), has sponsored the Innovations in Family Planning Services (IFPS) Project under the management of the State Innovations in Family Planning Services Agency, Lucknow. The project aims to reduce fertility by increasing accessibility, improving quality, and generating demand for family planning services. The project attempts to achieve its objectives by supporting service innovations in the public and nongovernmental sector, and through social marketing of contraceptives. These intervention strategies are expected to increase the couple protection rate of the state in general and of Jalaun in particular. One of the prerequisites is to carry out a baseline survey in selected districts of Uttar Pradesh. The BSUP is primarily a household survey with an overall target sample size of 37,000 ever-married women ages 13–49 years. The Population Council has collaborated with a number of Indian Consulting Organizations (COs) for survey implementation. Each CO has carried out the survey in one or more districts. The baseline survey was initiated in 15 out of the state’s 63 districts. This reports pertains to the district of Jalaun.

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