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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "ABSORPTION TECHNIQUE"

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Levchenko, Alexey O., Nikolay N. Ustinovskii, and Vladimir D. Zvorykin. "Novel technique for transient absorption probing." Journal of Russian Laser Research 31, no. 5 (September 2010): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10946-010-9169-8.

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2

KIMURA, Yasuo, Ko-ichiro MIYAMTO, and Michio NIWANO. "Infrared Absorption Spectroscopic Technique for Biosensing." Hyomen Kagaku 28, no. 5 (2007): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.28.283.

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3

Ardiani, Septia, Handika Rahmayanti, and Nurul Akmalia. "The Study of Paper Capillarity with a Simple Technique." Jurnal Ilmiah Publipreneur 8, no. 1 (August 30, 2020): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46961/jip.v8i1.55.

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The study of water absorption by capillarity on paper with a simple technique is simple but important to do to inform the public about the characteristics of paper and for the development of research on the absorption of different types of paper. In this study, five types of paper were used, namely HVS paper, cardboard, tissue paper, concord paper and buffalo paper. In the capillary water absorption test on paper, the physical quantities analyzed are the water absorption, the absorption time and the water absorption rate. The capillarity of the paper is a comparison of the rate of water absorption by the paper which is analyzed using the straight line movement approach. The value of water absorption is estimated using the ratio between the height of water absorption and the time absorption. Based on the results of the capillary test on paper, it was found that the water absorption height for the five types of paper increases with increasing absorption time. The highest water absorption capacity is tissue paper, which is 7.4 ± 0.2 cm every 180 seconds. While the lowest water absorption capillarity is HVS paper which is 0.5 ± 0.1 cm at the 180th second. Cardstock and buffalo paper have almost the same water absorption value and are higher than HVS paper and match. The absorption speed which is almost the same between cardboard and buffalo paper is due to the fact that both belong to the same type of paper, namely printing paper.
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Strocchi, Alessandra, and Michael D. Levitt. "Measurement of starch absorption in humans." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-015.

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Although starch provides a large fraction of human caloric intake, there is limited information concerning the efficiency of intestinal absorption of this nutrient. Owing to the fermentation of starch by colonic bacteria, there is no quantitative test for starch absorption comparable to the fecal fat determination. The most accurate estimation of starch absorption has been obtained by intubating the terminal ileum and aspirating ileal contents following ingestion of a meal containing starch plus a nonabsorbable marker. Starch absorption is calculated from the ratio of starch:marker in the ileal aspirate relative to the ratio in the meal. Disadvantages of the technique are the requirement for ileal intubation and the possible adverse effect of intubation on the absorptive process. A more widely used technique to assess starch absorption involves measurement of breath hydrogen (H2) excretion after ingestion of starch. Malabsorbed starch is fermented by colonic bacteria with liberation of H2 that is absorbed and excreted in expired air. This test is simple and noninvasive and can provide quantitative measurements of starch malabsorption. Application of this technique has demonstrated that 5–10% of starch in wheat, potatoes, and corn is not absorbed by healthy subjects, while rice starch is nearly completely absorbed.Key words: starch, absorption, hydrogen, breath test, malabsorption.
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5

Rayson, Gary D., and Daniel Y. Shen. "Inductively coupled plasma axial viewing absorption technique." Analytical Chemistry 62, no. 13 (July 1990): 1239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00212a009.

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6

Ferreira, Sergio L. C., Marcos A. Bezerra, Adilson S. Santos, Walter N. L. dos Santos, Cleber G. Novaes, Olivia M. C. de Oliveira, Michael L. Oliveira, and Rui L. Garcia. "Atomic absorption spectrometry – A multi element technique." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 100 (March 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.12.012.

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Kurtoǧlu, Arzu, and A. Beril Tuǧrul. "Gold analysis by the gamma absorption technique." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 58, no. 1 (January 2003): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8043(02)00237-3.

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Hao, Honggang, Min Rao, and Ao Zhou. "Analysis on absolute measurement of optical coating absorption loss based on photothermal detuning technique." Chinese Optics Letters 11, S1 (2013): S10306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.s10306.

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9

Thorman, Sofia, Göran Ström, Anni Hagberg, and Per-Åke Johansson. "Uniformity of liquid absorption by coatings - Technique and impact of coating composition." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 27, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2012-27-02-p459-465.

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Abstract The interaction between a liquid and a paper surface is important for a number of paper treatment processes, where absorption is of special significance during printing. Many absorption measurement techniques use a large available volume of liquid to characterise absorption, when compared to the volume of the coating. The uniformity of the absorption is also seldom characterised. We have developed a new technique, which is presented in this article, to study the uniformity of absorption of a small amount of liquid. This technique is based on the short-time absorption (tenth of a second) of a coloured liquid, the blotting of excess liquid and a characterisation of the pattern of the stain. This method made it possible to detect differences among coating layers with different compositions. In many cases, the absorption non-uniformity could be linked to variations in the coating thickness and/or wettability. The thinner and thicker areas of the coating layers were interpreted as having different pore structures. Neither the coating thickness nor the wettability could provide a full explanation, which showed the need to develop a method to characterise absorption uniformity instead of only relying on measuring the total absorption potential.
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Keefe, C. Dale, and Jason K. Pearson. "New Technique for Determining the Optical Constants of Liquids." Applied Spectroscopy 56, no. 7 (July 2002): 928–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370202760171626.

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The traditional techniques of transmission and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy for determining the optical constants of liquids are not practical or reliable for very strong absorption bands. Specular reflectance can be used in these cases, but for volatile liquids it is impossible to separate the reflectance spectrum of the liquid from the absorption spectrum of the vapor above the liquid. Methods using special cells have been described in the literature to prevent the liquid from evaporating. In this paper, a similar technique that makes use of traditional transmission cells is presented. It is shown that this new technique generates k(ν˜) spectra for strong absorption bands that are accurate to approximately 2%.
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Дисертації з теми "ABSORPTION TECHNIQUE"

1

Davidson, Stephen John. "Absorption spectroscopy in near LTE plasmas." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241501.

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2

Miller, Steven A. (Steven Alan). "Ultrasensitive Technique for Measurement of Two-Photon Absorption." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935773/.

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Intensive demands have arisen to characterize nonlinear optical properties of materials for applications involving optical limiters, waveguide switches and bistable light switches. The technique of Pulse Delay Modulation is described which can monitor nonlinear changes in transmission with shot noise limited signal-to-noise ratios even in the presence of large background signals. The theoretical foundations of the experiment are presented followed by actual measurements of beam depletion due to second harmonic generation in a LiIO3 crystal and two-photon absorption in the semiconductor ZnSe. Sensitivity to polarization rotation arising from the Kerr Effect in carbon disulfide, saturable absorber relaxation in modelocking dyes and photorefractive effects in ZnSe are demonstrated. The sensitivity of Pulse Delay Modulation is combined with Fabry-Perot enhancement to allow the measurement of two-photon absorption in a 0.46pm thick interference filter spacer layer. Also included is a study of nonlinear optical limiting arising from dielectric breakdown in gases.
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3

Tontiwachwuthikul, Paitoon. "New pilot plant technique for designing gas absorbers with chemical reactions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32182.

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Gas absorption with chemical reaction is an important unit operation in the chemical and petroleum industries for the selective removal of components from industrial gas streams. Apart from choosing absorption media, the most difficult problems facing the design engineer are the sizing and performance prediction of the absorption tower due to the scarcity of fundamental design data, especially when novel absorption media and/or packings are used. The solubility of carbon dioxide in 2 and 3 M solutions of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), which is a newly introduced absorbent, was determined at 20, 40, 60 and 80 °C and for CO₂ partial pressures ranging from approximately 1 to 100 kPa. The results were interpreted with a modified Kent-Eisenberg model which predicted the present and previous experimental results well. The absorption capacities of AMP and monoethanolamine (MEA) solutions were also compared. Detailed concentration and temperature measurements were reported for the absorption of carbon dioxide from air into NaOH, MEA and AMP solutions. A full-length absorber (0.1 m ID, packed with 12.7 mm Berl Saddles up to heights of 6.55 m) was used. It was operated in countercurrent mode and at 30 to 75 % flooding velocities which are typical for gas absorber operations. The following ranges of operating conditions were employed: superficial gas flow rate 11.1 to 14.8 mol/m² s; superficial liquid flow rate 9.5 to 13.5 m³/m² h; feed CO₂ concentration 11.5 to 19.8 %; total absorbent concentration 1.2 to 3.8 kmol/m³; liquid feed temperature 14 to 20 °C; total pressure 103 kPa. The measurements for the CO₂-NaOH and CO₂-MEA systems were compared with predictions from a previously developed mathematical model. Generally good agreement was obtained except at high CO₂ loadings of MEA solutions. Compared with MEA, AMP was found to have superior CO₂ absorption capacities and inferior mass transfer rates. A new procedure, called the Pilot Plant Technique (PPT), for designing gas absorbers with chemical reactions has been developed. The PPT is primarily intended for designing absorbers for which fundamental design information is lacking. It is based on the premise that full-length absorption columns can be sized by making a minimum number of tests using a small-scale pilot plant. Two special features of the PPT are (i) the details of hydrodynamic parameters (i.e. mass transfer coefficients, effective interfacial area and liquid hold-up) and the physico-chemical information of the system (e.g. reaction mechanism, reaction rate constants) need not be known and (ii) complex calculations are avoided. Using the PPT to size the height or to predict the performance of a given full-length absorber, the specific absorption rate, which is the essential information, can be measured directly using the pilot plant model (PPM) column if both columns have the same hydrodynamic conditions. This can be achieved by using the same type and size of packing in the PPM and the full-length columns and ensuring that the end and wall effects are negligible. The PPM column must also be operated at the same superficial fluid velocities as those of the full-length column. The specific absorption rate was then obtained from the gradient of the fluid composition profile along the PPM column. The validity of the PPT was demonstrated by determining the height and predicting the performance of the full-length column in which carbon dioxide was absorbed from air by aqueous solutions of NaOH and AMP at various operating conditions; good agreement was obtained.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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4

Mercier, Xavier. "Mesure de concentrations absolues d'espèces réactives minoritaires dans les flammes par la technique d'absorption Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (CRDS)." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10154.

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Les processus de combustion, qui representent aujourd'hui notre principal source d'energie, suscitent encore de nombreuses interrogations. Cela tient essentiellement a la complexite des mecanismes chimiques mis en jeu ainsi qu'a la difficulte inherente a l'etude d'un milieu qui est le sein de plusieurs milliers de reactions simultanees. Or, meme si des modeles performants permettent la simulation de systemes chimiques complexes, ils ne peuvent predire n'importe quels processus de combustion et l'approche experimentale de ceux-ci reste essentielle pour l'amelioration des modeles existant. En particulier, la mesure quantitative d'especes minoritaires dans les flammes constitue une etape fondamentale dans la validation des mecanismes chimiques a haute temperature. C'est dans cette optique que nous avons developpe une nouvelle technique pour l'etude de flamme, le cavity ring-down spectroscopy (crds). Cette technique, qui s'apparente a une methode d'absorption de tres haute sensibilite et dont le principe est base sur la mesure du temps de vie d'une impulsion laser injectee dans une cavite optique dans laquelle se trouve un echantillon absorbant, est apparue a la fin des annees 80 (o'keefe et deacon 1988) dans le cadre d'une etude spectroscopique
Dans ce memoire, nous montrons l'interet et les potentialites du crds pour l'etude de flammes homogenes. Pour ce faire, nous explicitons dans le detail le principe du crds et les precautions a prendre pour la mesure de concentrations absolues. Par ailleurs, une comparaison des profils de concentration absolue obtenus par crds (de cn et ch notamment) dans une flamme de ch 4/o 2 dopee en no, avec ceux issus de la modelisation au moyen du logiciel premix est egalement presentee. Le tres bon accord de cette comparaison montre que le crds, de part sa haute sensibilite et son caractere quantitatif direct, se revele etre une methode des plus efficaces pour la mesure de concentrations absolues d'especes dans des flammes homogenes
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5

Tynell, Åsa. "Microbial Growth on Pall-rings : A problem when upgrading biogas with the technique water absorption." Thesis, Linköping University, The Tema Institute, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-212.

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Upgradering av biogas med tekniken vattenabsorption är vanligt i Sverige. Elva biogasanläggningar med tillsammans fjorton uppgraderingsanläggningar använder sig av tekniken. Problem med igensättning av fyllkroppar i absorptionskolonnen, samt i ett fall i desorptionskolonnen är vanligt förekommande och har en negativ effekt på uppgraderingen av rågas till fordonsgas. Fem av de nio anläggningarna i denna studie har problem med mikrobiell tillväxt på fyllkropparna. Syftet med denna rapport var att identifiera den mikrobiella tillväxten och avgöra vilka faktorer som reglerar den för att kunna rådge driftsansvariga hur man motverkar tillväxt.

En enkät skickades ut och studiebesök gjordes för att samla information om anläggningarna. Fosfolipidfettsyra (PLFA)-analyser utfördes för att bestämma mikrobiell biomassa och de organismer, som kan indikeras av de PLFA som är s.k. biomarkörer.

Prover samlades in från fyra uppgraderingsanläggningar: Jönköping, Kristianstad, Linköping och Uppsala. Proverna som samlades in var till utseendet olika, allt från gult slem från Linköping till röd-brun gegga som liknade kaffe-sump från Uppsala. I proverna från Linköping och Uppsala detekterades biomarkörer för metanoxiderande bakterier (metanotrofer) av typ I. Metanotrofer finns i jord, vatten och luft i miljöer med tillgång till metan och syre. I Jönköpingsproverna detekterades biomarkörer actinomyceter som är en vanligt förekommande bakterie i avloppsreningsverkens luftningsbassänger. Den mikrobiella tillväxten som samlades in från Kristianstad räckte enbart till ett prov och därför är det resultatet ej tillförlitligt.

I samtliga prover detekterades svamp (fungi) som förmodligen etablerats efter andra organismer.

Faktorer som kan anses påverka den mikrobiella tillväxten är processvattnets kvalitet, pH och temperatur. Rent vatten (dricksvatten) innehåller mindre mängd organiskt material, samtliga anläggningar som använder sig av avloppsvatten upplever problem. Lågt pH är gynnsamt för att minska den mikrobiella tillväxten eftersom de flesta organismer trivs bäst vid neutralt pH. Låg temperatur är gynnsam eftersom lösligheten för koldioxid och divätesulfid är större vid lägre temperaturer, vilket gynnar uppgraderingen av biogas.


Upgrading of biogas performed using the technique absorption with water wash is common in Sweden where eleven biogas plants, comprising a total of fourteen upgrading plants use this technique. However problems with microbial growth on the pall-rings in the absorption column, and in one case in the desorption column, have negative impact on upgrading the raw gas to vehicle gas. Five of the nine biogas plants studied here have experienced problems with microbial growth. The objective of this report was to identify the microbial growth and determine possible factors regulating microbial growth in order to give advice to process management.

A questionnaire was sent out and visits were made to the upgrading plants to collect information about the plants. A phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis was performed to determine microbial biomass and community structure, for which PLFA biomarkers are one type of indicator.

Samples were analysed from four upgrading plants: Jönköping, Kristinstad, Linköping and Uppsala. The cultures collected were visually different, varying from yellow and slimy to reddish brown with the consistency of coffee grounds. In the Linköping and Uppsala samples, biomarkers for methane-oxidising bacteria (type I methanotrophs) were detected. Methanotrophs live in environments with access to methane and oxygen and are inhibited by e.g. acetylene. In the Jönköping samples biomarkers indicating the bacteria actinomycetes common in the water of aeration tanks in sewage treatment plants, were detected. In Kristianstad there was only enough culture for one sample, so no reliable result was obtained. Fungi were detected in all samples and probably established after other organisms.

Factors affecting development of microbial growth were found to be water quality, pH and temperature of the process water. Clean water (drinking water) contains less organic material than cleaned water from sewage treatment plants. All plants using water from sewage treatment plants have experienced microbial growth. Low pH is beneficial for reducing microbial growth since most organisms prefer a neutral environment.

Low temperature is beneficial for minimising microbial growth since the solubility of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide increases with decreasing temperature.

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6

Jiang, Yu. "Studying the local structures of novel materials using the extended x-ray absorption fine structure technique /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2009. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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7

Jönsson, Yvette, and Erik Magnusson. "New Possibilities with Old Technique : a Feasibility Study of Absorption Cooling in Örebro District Cooling Network." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11209.

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E.ON Värme in Örebro produces electricity and delivers heat and cooling to customers in the region. The Åby Plant operates as a combined heat and power (CHP) plant and runs mostly on different biofuels. A new boiler and turbine is projected for the plant and will start operating fully during year 2012. This creates new possibilities for the existing small scale district cooling production. The number of cooling subscribers is today low and the power output is approximately 7.7 MW but has a great potential of growing in the future. Higher electricity prices, due to the deregulated electricity market and growing environmental concerns motivate the use of district cooling. Cooling production at E.ON Värme in Örebro today comes from modified heat pumps with low efficiency and free cooling. The idea is to replace the heat pumps with either new compression cooling machines, absorption cooling machines (ACM) or a mixture of both. This thesis analyzes possible benefits with the use of heat driven cooling i.e. absorption cooling compared with conventional compression cooling.

Excess heat from electricity generation in CHP plants is often a problem during the warm period of the year. Normally most of the heat is distributed to industries and households for heating. However, during the summer, the demand for district heating is low which constrain electricity production. The absorption technique utilizes heat as fuel and increases electricity generation during warm periods. This together with a decrease in electricity consumption has positive effects on the environment since it reduces electricity produced in plants controlling margin production. Those plants are most often coal condense plants with high emissions of fossil CO2.

Most scientists believe that CO2 emissions from human activities are the main cause to the increasing greenhouse effect. The importance of reducing CO2 emissions is therefore high and is one of the motives for district cooling based on ACM that replaces small local electricity driven chillers. Since the Åby plant uses mostly biofuels the contribution of fossil CO2 is low.

ACM utilizes heat as fuel, therefore the positive effects related to ACM are fairly obvious when the electricity price and the demand for cooling are high. To analyze and optimize the energy system in Örebro, a model was created in the program MODEST, which is software developed at Linköping Institute of Technology. Optimizations with different cooling demands and electricity prices have been made. The cooling production mix is split up in two scenarios, a visionary scenario where no restrictions are considered and a restricted scenario with restricted ACM capacity. The results have been gathered and analyzed and supports the common statements about absorption cooling.

A simulation of the visionary scenario with unrestricted ACM capacity together with the highest cooling demand (20 MW) and the highest electricity prices (European prices), gave an annual decrease in global CO2 emissions of 9 400 tonnes compared to a scenario with only compression cooling machines. Furthermore, the system running cost was almost 9 MSEK lower on an annual basis. In the restricted scenario, a pay-off analysis shows that the additional costs due to ACM is covered by the lower system cost in less than 3 years when the electricity prices are as forecasted for 2012-2015. All the simulations where absorption cooling was a part of the energy system gave positive results both from an economical and environmental point of view.

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Thorman, Sofia. "Absorption non-uniformity characterisation and its impact on flexographic ink distribution of coated packaging boards." Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-34910.

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There are high demands on flexographic print quality to be sufficiently high and consistent in order to create a competitive packaging. At the same time the production efficiency need to be high. Printers thus need to achieve the same quality every time and quickly start-up new printing jobs. To accomplish this, one needs to gain a thorough understanding of how the liquid packaging board interacts with the ink and impacts the print quality. This thesis focuses on water-based ink absorption of liquid packaging boards and particularly on a) how uniformity of ink absorption can be measured and b) to what extent the absorption characteristics contribute to print mottle in flexographic printing. The work encompasses two parts. First, an absorption non-uniformity test method has been developed using a staining technique. This method is unique as it measures how unevenly an aqueous solution is absorbed, in a short time period and without impact from surface roughness. Moreover, the contributions from white-top mottle and absorption non-uniformity can be quantified simultaneously from one single measurement. Second, a method to independently study the effects of absorption non-uniformity on print quality has been established. This is achieved by introducing artificial absorption non-uniformities with well-controlled barrier patterns. A barrier pattern may modify local pore structure and/or surface energy, hence lead to lateral absorption variations. By these means, it is possible to produce a substrate property-matrix; encompassing absorption non-uniformity and for example surface roughness. It was demonstrated that non-uniform absorption indeed has a negative impact on print quality, both on smoother and rougher boards. Low absorption made print density decrease and uneven absorption caused print mottle. This was the case when other properties of the samples were kept within a narrow range; otherwise surface roughness appeared to determine print mottle ranking.
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9

Le, Halpere Gilles. "Étude d'une machine à absorption fonctionnant en mode climatisation : identification d'un nouveau mélange adapté à un cycle hybride original à hautes performances." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT101G.

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Анотація:
L'étude présentée concerne une machine à absorption fonctionnant en mode climatisation, destinée au secteur de l'habitat et du petit tertiaire. La notion de haute performance et de compacité a necessité l'analyse des divers cycles à absorption déjà existants. Il en ressort que seul un cycle à double-effet est envisageable. Pour améliorer ses performances, il est proposé d'introduire une compression destinée à abaisser la pression au 2ème séparateur pour favoriser la désoption. La recherche d'u couple frigorigène/absorbant performant a conduit à sélectionner le méthanol comme fluide frigogène. La méthode des paramètres de Hansen a alors été utilisée pour rechercher de manière systématique un absorbant adapté. Suite à ce travail, les équilibres liquide/vapeur du couple méthanol/méta-crésol ont été calculés. Un programme modulaire de simulation utilisant divers couples a permis de vérifier les bonnes performances prévisibles avec le couple précédent. On montre aussi que le nouveau cycle favorise la diminution du taux de solution mais que le COP n'augmente que pour les couples à base de méthanol. Le COP en double-effet peut atteindre environ 0. 85, valeur encore améliorée par l'introduction de la compression en terme de puissance et de performances. L'importance des surfaces d'échange a compensé la faiblesse des coefficients d'échange thermique, résultant de la nécessité de fonctionner à petits débits. Malgré des difficultés d'ordre technologique, il apparaît que le cycle et le mélange proposés possèdent un avenir prometteur en matière de climatisation par absorption.
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10

Lamoureux, Marc Maurice Carleton University Dissertation Chemistry. "A multi-technique strategy for study of some mechanisms of atom formation and dissipation in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry." Ottawa, 1993.

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Книги з теми "ABSORPTION TECHNIQUE"

1

W, Busch Kenneth, and Busch Marianna A, eds. Cavity-ringdown spectroscopy: An ultratrace-absorption measurement technique. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1999.

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2

D, Bartunik H., and Chance Britton, eds. Structural biological applications of x-ray absorption, scattering, and diffraction. Orlando: Academic Press, 1986.

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3

Baumeister, Joseph F. Thermal radiation characteristics of nonisothermal cylindrical enclosures using a numerical ray tracing technique. [Washington, D.C.]: NASA, 1990.

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4

Silva, Christine Alison Da. Photopyroelectric spectroscopy as a non-intrusive technique for the determination of the optical absorption spectra of multiple quantum well samples. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1993.

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5

Beaty, Richard D. Concepts, instrumentation and techniques in atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Norwalk, CT: Perkin-Elmer, 1993.

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6

C, Koningsberger D., and Prins Roelof, eds. X-ray absorption: Principles, applications, techniques of EXAFS, SEXAFS, and XANES. New York: Wiley, 1988.

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7

Copeland, T. R. EPA method study 31, trace metals by atomic absorption (furnace techniques). Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 1986.

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8

Beth, Opila, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. Investigation into spectroscopic techniques for thermal barrier coating spall detection. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2001.

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9

Neugebauer, E. A. Methods for the determination of metals in wildlife tissues using various atomic absorption spectrophotometry techniques. Hull, Qué: Canadian Wildlife Service, 2000.

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10

W, Hobson David, ed. Dermal and ocular toxicology: Fundamentals and methods. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991.

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Частини книг з теми "ABSORPTION TECHNIQUE"

1

Galaktionov, Victor A., and Juan Luis Vázquez. "Porous Medium Equation with Critical Strong Absorption." In A Stability Technique for Evolution Partial Differential Equations, 127–67. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2050-3_5.

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2

Galaktionov, Victor A., and Juan Luis Vázquez. "Quasilinear Heat Equations with Absorption. The Critical Exponent." In A Stability Technique for Evolution Partial Differential Equations, 81–125. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2050-3_4.

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3

Lastras-Martínez, A., G. Ramírez-Flores, and J. M. Montejano-Carrizales. "Optical Absorption Measurements in GaAs by a Photoluminescent Technique." In Seventh E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 1099–103. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3817-5_198.

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Kiatkamjornwong, S., S. Tawonsree, and S. Omi. "Cross-Linked Acrylate Microspheres for Solvent Absorption by SPG Technique." In ACS Symposium Series, 374–86. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2002-0801.ch025.

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5

Raul, Raj Barun, and Santosh Kumar Panda. "Heat and Mass Transfer-Enhancement Technique Used for Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System." In Advances in Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, 353–63. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6360-7_33.

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Singhal, Rishi K., K. V. R. Rao, Kavita S. Jerath, H. S. Chauhan, D. C. Jain, Usha Chandra, and K. B. Garg. "Study of Mixed Valent Alloys Sm1−x ScXS by X-Ray Absorption Technique." In Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of Valence Fluctuations and Heavy Fermions, 659–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0947-5_114.

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7

Kruszka, Leopold, and Kamil Sobczyk. "Applications of Hopkinson Bar Technique for Capability Testing of High-Energy Absorption Materials." In Security-Related Advanced Technologies in Critical Infrastructure Protection, 13–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2174-3_2.

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8

Limbaugh, C. C., and D. G. Brown. "Considerations for the Application of the Infrared Emission Absorption Technique to Hypersonic Propulsion Diagnostics." In New Trends in Instrumentation for Hypersonic Research, 151–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1828-6_13.

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9

Alwan, Mohammed Hasan, Yousif I. Hammadi, Mamoon A. Muhi, Omar Abdulkareem Mahmood, Alexey Tselykh, and Mohammed Saleh Ali Muthanna. "A Novel Technique for Creating Optical Multi-carrier Generation Using Nested Electro-Absorption Modulators." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 17–28. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23207-7_2.

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10

Czanta, M., C. Strietzel, H. J. Besch, H. F. Beyer, F. Bosch, R. Deslattes, F. Förster, et al. "Spectroscopy of Ly-α Lines at Storage Rings by Crystal Spectrometry and Absorption Edge Technique." In Atomic Physics at Accelerators: Mass Spectrometry, 491–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-1270-1_55.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "ABSORPTION TECHNIQUE"

1

Yorozu, Naoko, Chie Fukuhara, and Takanobu Kamura. "Absorption Technique for Road Noise." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0020.

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2

Voicu, Viorica, Livia-Andreea Dina, Constantin Chelan, Ionel Dumbravă, Daniela Iovan, Marius Alin Neagoe, and Cristian Alexandru Constantinescu. "Measurement Technique for Evaluating Radio Frequency Absorption." In 2023 13th International Symposium on Advanced Topics in Electrical Engineering (ATEE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/atee58038.2023.10108088.

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3

Li, Q., M. T. Do, I. Ledoux-Rak, and N. D. Lai. "3D imaging by low one-photon absorption technique." In 2013 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/IQEC. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2013.6801480.

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4

Kwan, Thomas J. T., Tai-Sen F. Wang, and Richard E. Morgado. "Bulk Explosives Detection using Nuclear Resonance Absorption Technique." In IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 2005 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2005.359259.

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5

Bulatov, Valery, Yuheng Chen, and Israel Schechter. "Absorption Characterization of Aerosols by Cavity Ringdown Technique." In Laser Applications to Chemical, Security and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacsea.2006.tuc4.

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6

Shui, Min, Xiao Jin, Changwei Li, Junyi Yang, Yuxiao Wang, Xueru Zhang, and Yinglin Song. "Nonlinear absorption measurements using a lens imaging technique." In The Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO/PACIFIC RIM). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleopr.2009.5292114.

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7

Harmati, Istvan, Andras Rovid, and Peter Varlaki. "Energy Absorption Modelling Technique for Car Body Deformation." In >2007 4th International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/saci.2007.375523.

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8

Qinghui, Cui, Rui Yongjun, and Shang Xinmin. "Near-surface Absorption Compensation Technique and Its Application." In Near Surface Geophysics Asia Pacific Conference, Beijing, China 17-19 July 2013. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Chinese Geophysical Society, Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysicists, and Society of Exploration Geophysicists of Japan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/nsgapc2013-120.

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9

RUBIO, B. "BETA DECAY STUDIES WITH THE TOTAL ABSORPTION TECHNIQUE." In Proceedings of the International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812703972_0012.

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10

Shi, Hao, Fazel Naghdy, and Christopher D. Cook. "Experimental technique for depth maps generation through absorption." In SPIE's 1993 International Symposium on Optics, Imaging, and Instrumentation, edited by Andrew G. Tescher. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.158653.

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Звіти організацій з теми "ABSORPTION TECHNIQUE"

1

Tomita, Eiji, and Nobuyuki Kawahara. Unburned Hydrocarbons Concentration Measurement in an Exhaust Pipe by Infrared Absorption Technique. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0587.

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2

Coy, Edward B. A Method for Eliminating Beam Steering Error for the Modulated Absorption-Emission Thermometry Technique. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada622946.

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3

Xue, Yongjun. Novel absorption detection techniques for capillary electrophoresis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10190663.

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4

Tao, Yang, Victor Alchanatis, and Yud-Ren Chen. X-ray and stereo imaging method for sensitive detection of bone fragments and hazardous materials in de-boned poultry fillets. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695872.bard.

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Анотація:
As Americans become increasingly health conscious, they have increased their consumptionof boneless white and skinless poultry meat. To the poultry industry, accurate detection of bonefragments and other hazards in de-boned poultry meat is important to ensure food quality andsafety for consumers. X-ray imaging is widely used for internal material inspection. However,traditional x-ray technology has limited success with high false-detection errors mainly becauseof its inability to consistently recognize bone fragments in meat of uneven thickness. Today’srapid grow-out practices yield chicken bones that are less calcified. Bone fragments under x-rayshave low contrast from meat. In addition, the x-ray energy reaching the image detector varieswith the uneven meat thickness. Differences in x-ray absorption due to the unevenness inevitablyproduce false patterns in x-ray images and make it hard to distinguish between hazardousinclusions and normal meat patterns even by human visual inspection from the images.Consequently, the false patterns become camouflage under x-ray absorptions of variant meatthickness in physics, which remains a major limitation to detecting hazardous materials byprocessing x-ray images alone.Under the support of BARD, USDA, and US Poultry industries, we have aimed todeveloping a new technology that uses combined x-ray and laser imaging to detect bonefragments in de-boned poultry. The technique employs the synergism of sensors of differentprinciples and has overcome the deficiency of x-rays in physics of letting x-rays work alone inbone fragment detection. X-rays in conjunction of laser-based imaging was used to eliminatefalse patterns and provide higher sensitivity and accuracy to detect hazardous objects in the meatfor poultry processing lines.Through intensive research, we have met all the objectives we proposed during the researchperiod. Comprehensive experiments have proved the concept and demonstrated that the methodhas been capable of detecting frequent hard-to-detect bone fragments including fan bones andfractured rib and pulley bone pieces (but not cartilage yet) regardless of their locations anduneven meat thickness without being affected by skin, fat, and blood clots or blood vines.
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5

Horrocks, Ian, and Stephan Tobies. Optimisation of Terminological Reasoning. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.99.

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An extended abstract of this report was submitted to the Seventh International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR2000). When reasoning in description, modal or temporal logics it is often useful to consider axioms representing universal truths in the domain of discourse. Reasoning with respect to an arbitrary set of axioms is hard, even for relatively inexpressive logics, and it is essential to deal with such axioms in an efficient manner if implemented systems are to be effective in real applications. This is particularly relevant to Description Logics, where subsumption reasoning with respect to a terminology is a fundamental problem. Two optimisation techniques that have proved to be particularly effective in dealing with terminologies are lazy unfolding and absorption. In this paper we seek to improve our theoretical understanding of these important techniques. We define a formal framework that allows the techniques to be precisely described, establish conditions under which they can be safely applied, and prove that, provided these conditions are respected, subsumption testing algorithms will still function correctly. These results are used to show that the procedures used in the FaCT system are correct and, moreover, to show how effiency an be significantly improved, while still retaining the guarantee of correctness, by relaxing the safety conditions for absorption.
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6

Aceves, S. Measurement of Hydrogen Absorption in Ternary Alloys with Volumetric (Sieverts Loop) Techniques. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1239184.

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7

Lahav, Ori, Albert Heber, and David Broday. Elimination of emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide from confined animal and feeding operations (CAFO) using an adsorption/liquid-redox process with biological regeneration. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695589.bard.

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Анотація:
The project was originally aimed at investigating and developing new efficient methods for cost effective removal of ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO), in particular broiler and laying houses (NH₃) and hog houses (H₂S). In both cases, the principal idea was to design and operate a dedicated air collection system that would be used for the treatment of the gases, and that would work independently from the general ventilation system. The advantages envisaged: (1) if collected at a point close to the source of generation, pollutants would arrive at the treatment system at higher concentrations; (2) the air in the vicinity of the animals would be cleaner, a fact that would promote animal growth rates; and (3) collection efficiency would be improved and adverse environmental impact reduced. For practical reasons, the project was divided in two: one effort concentrated on NH₃₍g₎ removal from chicken houses and another on H₂S₍g₎ removal from hog houses. NH₃₍g₎ removal: a novel approach was developed to reduce ammonia emissions from CAFOs in general, and poultry houses in particular. Air sucked by the dedicated air capturing system from close to the litter was shown to have NH₃₍g₎ concentrations an order of magnitude higher than at the vents of the ventilation system. The NH₃₍g₎ rich waste air was conveyed to an acidic (0<pH<~5) bubble column reactor where NH₃ was converted to NH₄⁺. The reactor operated in batch mode, starting at pH 0 and was switched to a new acidic absorption solution just before NH₃₍g₎ breakthrough occurred, at pH ~5. Experiments with a wide range of NH₃₍g₎ concentrations showed that the absorption efficiency was practically 100% throughout the process as long as the face velocity was below 4 cm/s. The potential advantages of the method include high absorption efficiency, lower NH₃₍g₎ concentrations in the vicinity of the birds, generation of a valuable product and the separation between the ventilation and ammonia treatment systems. A small scale pilot operation conducted for 5 weeks in a broiler house showed the approach to be technically feasible. H₂S₍g₎ removal: The main goal of this part was to develop a specific treatment process for minimizing H₂S₍g₎ emissions from hog houses. The proposed process consists of three units: In the 1ˢᵗ H₂S₍g₎ is absorbed into an acidic (pH<2) ferric iron solution and oxidized by Fe(III) to S⁰ in a bubble column reactor. In parallel, Fe(III) is reduced to Fe(II). In the 2ⁿᵈ unit Fe(II) is bio-oxidized back to Fe(III) by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (AF).In the 3ʳᵈ unit S⁰ is separated from solution in a gravity settler. The work focused on three sub-processes: the kinetics of H₂S absorption into a ferric solution at low pH, the kinetics of Fe²⁺ oxidation by AF and the factors that affect ferric iron precipitation (a main obstacle for a continuous operation of the process) under the operational conditions. H₂S removal efficiency was found higher at a higher Fe(III) concentration and also higher for higher H₂S₍g₎ concentrations and lower flow rates of the treated air. The rate limiting step of the H₂S reactive absorption was found to be the chemical reaction rather than the transition from gas to liquid phase. H₂S₍g₎ removal efficiency of >95% was recorded with Fe(III) concentration of 9 g/L using typical AFO air compositions. The 2ⁿᵈ part of the work focused on kinetics of Fe(II) oxidation by AF. A new lab technique was developed for determining the kinetic equation and kinetic parameters (KS, Kₚ and mₘₐₓ) for the bacteria. The 3ʳᵈ part focused on iron oxide precipitation under the operational conditions. It was found that at lower pH (1.5) jarosite accumulation is slower and that the performance of the AF at this pH was sufficient for successive operation of the proposed process at the H₂S fluxes predicted from AFOs. A laboratory-scale test was carried out at Purdue University on the use of the integrated system for simultaneous hydrogen sulfide removal from a H₂S bubble column filled with ferric sulfate solution and biological regeneration of ferric ions in a packed column immobilized with enriched AFbacteria. Results demonstrated the technical feasibility of the integrated system for H₂S removal and simultaneous biological regeneration of Fe(III) for potential continuous treatment of H₂S released from CAFO. NH₃ and H₂S gradient measurements at egg layer and swine barns were conducted in winter and summer at Purdue. Results showed high potential to concentrate NH₃ and H₂S in hog buildings, and NH₃ in layer houses. H₂S emissions from layer houses were too low for a significant gradient. An NH₃ capturing system was designed and tested in a 100-chicken broiler room. Five bell-type collecting devices were installed over the litter to collect NH₃ emissions. While the air extraction system moved only 10% of the total room ventilation airflow rate, the fraction of total ammonia removed was 18%, because of the higher concentration air taken from near the litter. The system demonstrated the potential to reduce emissions from broiler facilities and to concentrate the NH₃ effluent for use in an emission control system. In summary, the project laid a solid foundation for the implementation of both processes, and also resulted in a significant scientific contribution related to AF kinetic studies and ferrous analytical measurements.
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Mitchell, B. G. Marine Particulate Absorption Techniques and Applications in the Study of Inherent and Apparent Optical Properties of the Ocean. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada245200.

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9

Nozawa, Yu, Takashi Noda, Tomohisa Yamada, Yoshitaka Takeuchi, and Kenta Akimoto. Development of Techniques for Improving Piston Cooling Performance (First Report)~Measurement of Heat Absorption Characteristics by Engine Oil in Cooling Channel. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0372.

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