Готові списки джерел за темами / Aboriginal Australians. Land tenure

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Aboriginal Australians. Land tenure"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 20 лютого 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Aboriginal Australians. Land tenure"

1

Young, Metta, and John Guenther. "The shape of Aboriginal learning and work opportunities in desert regions." Rangeland Journal 30, no. 1 (2008): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj07042.

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Abstract Education is one of the most powerful instruments for reducing poverty and inequality, and lays a foundation for sustained economic growth. Aboriginal peoples of Australia experience ‘overwhelming’ disadvantages across every indicator of social and economic well being when compared with non-Aboriginal peoples. This disadvantage is experienced across all sectors of education, and although Aboriginal students are participating at high rates in vocational education and training, their pass rates and qualification outcomes remain well below those of non-Aboriginal Australians. This paper maps the participation and outcomes for Aboriginal desert dwellers in the vocational education and training sector and relates these to factors such as: (1) compulsory school access, (2) remote area labour markets, (3) the state of housing and infrastructure on discrete desert settlements, and (4) the policy and program initiatives influencing land tenure, income security and labour force status. The provision of education services across desert regions epitomises the tensions generated when the drivers of desert living – remoteness, dispersed sparse and mobile populations, variable climate, geography, cultures, languages and histories – interact with the differing factors that shape mainstream vocational education. Although innovations in program delivery more consistent with learner needs and aspirations can and do emerge, they are often framed as pilot projects or materialise in parallel program interventions such as youth work or land care. This paper explores the nature of these tensions and identifies the characteristics of educational interventions that can improve outcomes for Aboriginal desert dwellers no matter where they choose to live.
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2

Young, E., and H. Ross. "Using the Aboriginal Rangelands: 'insider' Realities and 'outsider' Perceptions." Rangeland Journal 16, no. 2 (1994): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9940184.

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Aboriginal ownership of Australia's rangelands is already significant and is likely to increase with recognition of Native Title. Aboriginal management of the rangelands, including their use for cultural and subsistence purposes as well as for pastoralism and conservation (parks) presents alternatives to conventional practices. Traditional ecological knowledge is applied in all forms of Aboriginal land use. Multiple use of the land, combining two or more forms of use within a single area, is predominant. Such strategies are particularly important in more marginal parts of the rangelands where, because of environmental unpredictability, single purpose use may threaten the successful survival of landholders. A case-study of contemporary land use practised by the Ngarrinyin people in one such marginal area, the interior section of the Kimberley's remote Gibb River road, illustrates these points. As it shows, Aboriginal groups have varied their land management responses according to the extent of their ownership and control over their traditional country. The multiple uses which they practise enhance both their chances of providing a livelihood and the sustainability of the land as a whole. Non-Aboriginal neighbours have also increasingly moved towards multiple use strategies. These realities challenge the common perception from the 'outsider' government authorities that such regions should focus on single purpose use, with pastoralism the prime emphasis. The paper argues that this challenge must be met, by revision of land tenure to accommodate multiple use, by improving Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal communication and information exchange on rangeland management, by providing appropriate land management programs and by engaging in longterm, holistic planning for all residents of such regions. Such approaches would enhance opportunities for closing the gap between the realities of rangeland use and beliefs in appropriate forms of use.
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3

van Etten, Eddie J. B. "Changes to land tenure and pastoral lease ownership in Western Australia’s central rangelands: implications for co-operative, landscape-scale management." Rangeland Journal 35, no. 1 (2013): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj11088.

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The majority of arid and semiarid land in the Western Australian pastoral zone has a long history of livestock grazing within an extensive network of predominantly family-held pastoral leases. A variety of different groups have purchased pastoral leases in the last five decades and, for many, making a profit from pastoralism is no longer a priority. For the central rangelands of Western Australia, these groups have included: government agencies, who have purchased some 9% of pastoral leases by area; private conservation organisations (<1% purchased); aboriginal communities and groups (~7%); and mining companies (~13%). The purchases of pastoral leases by government agencies was designed to improve the conservation status of arid-zone ecosystems, and is the first step in a process of changing land tenure to a conservation reserve. This paper summarises the extent and other characteristics of these changes in land tenure and ownership of pastoral leases, and explores the implications for land management and conservation, stemming from these changes. It demonstrates that large areas of contiguous land with no or reduced domestic stocking can now be found in many parts of these rangelands, particularly in the Coolgardie, Yalgoo and Pilbara bio-regions, with some leaseholders actively managing land for the conservation of biodiversity and restoring sites degraded through past over-grazing. In some bio-regions, such land covers considerable proportions of sub-catchments, suggesting that broad-scale conservation management and restoration objectives may be realised. It is argued that to fully realise these objectives requires effective communication and co-ordination between land managers, including sharing of ideas, view-points and resources. In particular, mining companies, now major holders of pastoral leases in Western Australia, can play an important role in contributing to and even facilitating such objectives.
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4

Castillo, Greg. "Spinifex People as Cold War Moderns." Contemporaneity: Historical Presence in Visual Culture 4 (August 3, 2015): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/contemp.2015.144.

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Aboriginal Australian contemporary artists create works that express indigenous traditions as well as the unprecedented conditions of global modernity. This is especially true for the founders of the Spinifex Arts Project, a collective established in 1997 to create so-called “government paintings”: the large-scale canvases produced as documents of land tenure used in negotiations with the government of Western Australia to reclaim expropriated desert homelands. British and Australian nuclear testing in the 1950s displaced the Anangu juta pila nguru, now known to us as the Spinifex people, from their nomadic lifeworld. Exodus and the subsequent struggle to regain lost homelands through paintings created as corroborating evidence for native title claims make Spinifex canvases not simply expressions of Tjukurpa, or “Dreamings,” but also artifacts of the atomic age and its impact on a culture seemingly far from the front lines of cold war conflict.
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Rodd, Kristian, Jara Romero, Victor Hunter, and Scott Vladimir Martyn. "Aboriginal Community Co-Design and Co-Build—Far More than a House." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 5294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095294.

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There is urgent need for a new model to address the housing crisis in remote Australian Indigenous communities. Decades of major government expenditure have not significantly improved the endemic problems, which include homelessness, overcrowding, substandard dwellings, and unemployment. Between 2017–2020, Foundation for Indigenous Sustainable Health (FISH) worked with the remote Kimberley Aboriginal community, Bawoorrooga, by facilitating the co-design and co-build of a culturally and climatically appropriate home with community members. This housing model incorporates a program of education, health, governance, justice system programs, and land tenure reforms. Build features incorporate sustainable local/recycled materials and earth construction, and ‘Solar Passive Design’. The project faced challenges, including limited funding, extreme climate and remoteness, cultural barriers, and mental health issues. Nevertheless, the program was ultimately successful, producing a house which is culturally designed, climatically/thermally effective, comparatively cheap to build, and efficient to run. The project produced improvements in mental health, schooling outcomes, reduced youth incarceration, and other spheres of community development, including enterprise and community governance. Co-design and co-build projects are slower and more complex than the conventional model of external contracting, but the outcomes can be far superior across broad areas of social and emotional wellbeing, house quality and comfort, energy consumption, long-term maintenance, community physical and mental health, pride, and ownership. These factors are essential in breaking intergenerational cycles of poverty, trauma, and engagement with the justice system. This paper provides a narrative case study of the project and outlines the core principles applied and the lessons learned.
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6

Gray, Peter R. A. "Do the Walls Have Ears? Indigenous Title and Courts in Australia." International Journal of Legal Information 28, no. 2 (2000): 185–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500009070.

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Australia has always been a place of legal pluralism. Before the British colonists brought with them the common law and the statute law of England, there were indigenous systems of law. Indeed, there were very many of them. They did not cease to exist just because English law was imported. Sadly, for over 200 years, their existence was not officially recognised by the Anglo-Australian legal system. In 1992, in Mabo v State of Queensland [No.2], the High Court of Australia did more than “invent” native title. It made this nation officially a legally pluralist one. The common law now recognises, and gives effect to, indigenous law with respect to land tenure and, possibly, with respect to other aspects of life and death as well. Native title is what indigenous law says it is, no more and no less, except to the extent that non-indigenous law operates to “extinguish” or “impair” native title. The first inquiry in any application for a determination of native title must be as to the continuing existence of an indigenous legal system and the manner in which that legal system deals with entitlements in relation to the relevant land. If such a system survives and gives entitlement to people, it must then be asked whether non-Aboriginal law has “extinguished” or “impaired” those entitlements. In truth, this inquiry is as to whether the non-indigenous legal system has withdrawn its recognition of those entitlements, because of its creation of interests, or recognition of activities, incompatible with the continuing existence of indigenous entitlements. The entitlements continue to exist in indigenous law, despite any “extinguishment” or “impairment.”
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7

Novikov, A. V. "Land Tenure Planning in Order to Develop Territories of Traditional Natural Resource Use: Experience of Canada." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 4 (July 21, 2021): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2021-4-169-179.

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The article studies issues of land tenure planning for implementation of projects aimed at industrial development of the Arctic. Using the example of Northern provinces of Canada it shows evolution of land tenure strategic planning, analyzes its role in social and economic development of the territory. It is shown that involvement of aboriginal people of the North in the process of planning the use of land, forest and other natural resources can lower conflicts among land users, mining companies and the local population, protect territories of traditional land tenure in places of residence and traditional natural resource use of aborigine people and create necessary conditions for the development of traditional types of activity and sustainable space development of the Arctic. Canadian experience of land tenure planning in development of Arctic territories in the area of aboriginal people residence can be used in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation to balance interests of concerned parties, i.e. local bodies of power, business and aboriginal people of the North.
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8

Cox, Bruce, and Edwin V. Wilmsen. "We Are Here: Politics of Aboriginal Land Tenure." Anthropologica 31, no. 2 (1989): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25605549.

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Keen, Ian, and Edwin N. Wilmsen. "We Are Here: Politics of Aboriginal Land Tenure." Man 25, no. 3 (September 1990): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2803764.

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10

Harvey, Mark. "Land Tenure and Naming Systems in Aboriginal Australia." Australian Journal of Anthropology 13, no. 1 (April 2002): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.2002.tb00188.x.

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Дисертації з теми "Aboriginal Australians. Land tenure"

1

McGregor, Russell Edward. "Answering the native question: the dispossession of the Aborigines of the Fitzroy District, West Kimberley, 1880-1905." Thesis, University of North Queensland, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/268851.

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2

Vincent, Eve Mary. "Forces of destruction, acts of creation : aboriginality, identity and native title, on the far west coast of South Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13502.

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3

Slack, Michael Jon. "Between the desert and the Gulf : evolutionary anthropology and Aboriginal prehistory in the Riversleigh/Lawn Hill region, Northern Australia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2748.

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Howey, Kirsty. "'Normalising' what? Aboriginal land tenure reform in the Northern Territory of Australia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42992.

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This thesis examines recent Aboriginal land tenure reform in the Northern Territory of Australia. The Commonwealth and Northern Territory governments have introduced three reforms since 2006: Township Leases, 5-year Intervention Leases and 40-year Housing Leases. Each of the reforms provides for the grant of a “head-lease” on land owned under the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 (Cth) to a government entity, which then has the power to issue sub-leases to Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal persons. Scholars have tended to focus attention on the first two reforms, the Township Leases and the 5-year Intervention Leases, and the extent to which they have been successful or otherwise in achieving their policy objectives. Scholars have also tended to interpret one policy objective associated with all three reforms – the so-called “normalisation” of Aboriginal communities – as having a static meaning, often criticising it as a return to the Northern Territory’s colonial past. This thesis takes a different approach, attempting to examine the legal structure of all three reforms as part of wider discourse surrounding Aboriginal land tenure reform in the Northern Territory. I first analyse the legal structure of the reforms as evidenced in legislation and policy documentation, and then qualitatively examine the meaning of the term “normalise” in parliamentary hansard. My analysis reveals that the meaning of the word “normalise” has shifted since the first reform was introduced, and this change has been reflected by a parallel change in the legal structure of the reforms. The first two reforms (Township Leases and 5-year Intervention Leases) exhibit some parallels with the Northern Territory’s colonial property regime. However, the 40-year Housing Leases do not appear to possess the same characteristics and in fact may result in traditional Aboriginal owners of land in the Northern Territory exercising greater legal and economic control over their land.
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Liddle, Lynette Elizabeth. "Traditional obligations to country : landscape governance, land conservation and ethics in Central Australia." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151581.

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Herne, Stephen Charles. "A jurisprudence of difference : the denial of full respect in the Australian law of native title." University of Western Australia. Law School, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0262.

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Cleary, Paul. "Iron ore dreaming : a study of native title negotiations in the Pilbara, Western Australia." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150452.

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Doohan, Kim Elizabeth. ""Making things come good" Aborigines and miners at Argyle /." Doctoral thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/145.

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Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Human Geography, 2007.
"November 2006".
Bibliography: p. 352-398.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xvi, 399 p. ill., maps
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9

Barber, Marcus. "Where the clouds stand Australian Aboriginal relationships to water, place, and the marine environment in Blue Mud Bay, Northern Territory /." Click here for electronic access, 2005. http://adt.caul.edu.au/homesearch/get/?mode=advanced&format=summary&nratt=2&combiner0=and&op0=ss&att1=DC.Identifier&combiner1=and&op1=-sw&prevquery=&att0=DC.Title&val0=Where+the+clouds+stand&val1=NBD%3A&submit=Search.

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Fantin, Shaneen Rae. "Housing Aboriginal culture in North-East Arnhem Land /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17564.pdf.

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Книги з теми "Aboriginal Australians. Land tenure"

1

Egloff, Brian. Wreck Bay: An Aboriginal fishing community. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 1990.

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2

Cahir, Sandy. Livewire Aboriginal studies: Land rights. Port Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

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3

Francis, Gordon. God's best country. Sydney: Published by Currency Press in association with the Western Australian Theatre Company, 1987.

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4

Francis, Gordon. God's best country. Sydney: Current Press, 1987.

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5

Sutton, Peter. Country: Aboriginal boundaries and land ownership in Australia. Canberra [Australia]: Aboriginal History, Inc., 1995.

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6

Palmer, Ian. Buying back the land: Organisational struggle and the Aboriginal Land Fund Commission. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 1988.

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7

Tribunal, Australia Land. Aboriginal land claim to Crown land near Helenvale: Wunbuwarra, Banana Creek : report of the Land Tribunal established under the Aboriginal Land Act 1991 to the Hon. the Minister of Lands. [Brisbane]: The Tribunal, 1995.

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8

Brock, Peggy. Poonindie: The rise and destruction of an aboriginal agricultural community. Netley, SA: South Australian Govt. Printer : Aboriginal Heritage Branch, Dept. of Environment and Planning, 1989.

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9

Land rights and birthrights (the great Australian hoax): An examination of the rights to ownership of former aboriginal land in Australia. Bullsbrook, W.A., Australia: Veritas Pub. Co., 1985.

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10

Robert, Layton. Uluru : an Aboriginal history of Ayers Rock. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, 2001.

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Частини книг з теми "Aboriginal Australians. Land tenure"

1

"Kinship, Filiation and Aboriginal Land Tenure." In Native Title in Australia, 173–205. Cambridge University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511481635.008.

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"5. Aboriginal Land Tenure and Contemporary Claims in Australia." In We are Here, 99–117. University of California Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520316881-006.

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Memmott, Paul, Peter Blackwood, and Scott McDougall. "A Regional Approach to Managing Aboriginal Land Title on Cape York." In Customary Land Tenure & Registration in Australia and Papua New Guinea: Anthropological Perspectives. ANU Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/cltrapng.06.2007.13.

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Wensing, Ed. "Dealings in native title and statutory Aboriginal land rights lands in Australia: What land tenure reform is needed?" In Engaging Indigenous Economy: Debating diverse approaches. ANU Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/caepr35.04.2016.16.

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Levitus, Robert. "Laws and Strategies: The Contest to Protect Aboriginal Interests at Coronation Hill." In Customary Land Tenure & Registration in Australia and Papua New Guinea: Anthropological Perspectives. ANU Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/cltrapng.06.2007.12.

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"ABORIGINAL LAND RIGHTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA." In Indigeneous Australians & The Law, 145–60. Routledge-Cavendish, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843142768-13.

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McCarthy, Conor. "The Endurance of Exclusion: Versions of Ned Kelly." In Outlaws and Spies, 80–106. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474455930.003.0004.

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This chapter considers the endurance of the practice of outlawry into nineteenth century Australia, and the subsequent endurance of the Australian bushranger in multiple reinterpretations and reworkings, via the figure of Ned Kelly. It considers Kelly as social bandit and homo sacer, Irish rebel and Australian myth, through a variety of versions of the Kelly story, from Kelly’s own Jerilderie Letter up to and including Peter Carey’s quasi-Joycean reworking of Kelly’s life in an Hiberno-English ‘language of the outlaw.’ Again, outlawry as defined in law is read here against other forms of legal exclusion: the exclusions that create the Australian colonies via transportation for convicts, a practice not unlike the previous legal punishment of banishment (akin to outlawry); the non-recognition of Indigenous sovereignty and tenure; and the exclusion of Aboriginal Australians from law, rendering them de facto outlaws.
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Glowczewski, Barbara. "A Topological Approach to Australian Cosmology and Social Organisation." In Indigenising Anthropology with Guattari and Deleuze, 202–22. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474450300.003.0007.

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Aboriginal kinship has stimulated many mathematicians. In the 1980’s, Glowczewski showed that there is a non euclidian ‘topologic’ that is common to what Indigenous Australians call their “Law”: a non hierarchical system of classificatory ritual kinship, a projection of the mythical travels of totemic ancestors (the Dreamings) into the landscape and a system of ritual obligations taboos. In other words, the social valorisation of heterogeneity recognises irreducible singularities shared by humans, non humans and the land as a condition for a commons that in no way homogenises society into a hierarchical order. The topological figure of the hypercube was used here to illustrate some complex Aboriginal relational rules that exclude the centralisation of power both in social organisation and in the totemic cosmology. To translate Indigenous spatio-temporal concepts Glowczewski was partly inspired by science fiction, that speculates about the 4th dimension. When shown the hypercube as a tool to account for the kinship logic of their Dreamings, the Warlpiri elders thought it was a ‘good game’! First published in 1989.
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Witcomb, Andrea. "Curating relations between ‘us’ and ‘them’: the changing role of migration museums in Australia1." In Curatopia, 262–78. Manchester University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526118196.003.0017.

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Australia’s first Migration Museum in Adelaide recognised from its inception in 1986, that representing migration history could not be done without acknowledging its intimate association with colonisation and the dispossession of indigenous people. Their first move therefore, was to create a distinction between all migrants, a category that included British ‘settlers’, and Indigenous Australians. This was significant not only because it implicated colonisation within migration history but because it made all non-Indigenous Australians migrants. The move though, was not easy to establish, largely because, in the public imagination, migrants were the other to mainstream or ‘British Australia’. In the mid-1990s, however, it seemed to work as Australia was indeed seen as a country that was relatively successful in integrating various waves of migration into its historical narratives while valuing cultural diversity and recognising the prior occupation of the land by Aboriginal people. The ‘War on terror’, the arrival of asylum seekers and the threat of internal terrorist attacks, along with changes in immigration policy and a general climate of fear has changed that, and migration museums are now working to combat a new wave of racism. To do so, I argue, they have developed a new set of curatorial strategies that aim to facilitate an exploration of the complexity of contemporary forms of identity. This chapter provides a history of the development of curatorial strategies that have helped to change the ways in which relations between ‘us and them’ have changed over the years in response to changes in the wider public discourse. My focus will be on both collecting and display practices, from changes to what is collected and how it is displayed, to the changing role of personal stories, the relationship between curators and the communities they work with, and the role of exhibition design in structuring the visitor experience.
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Glowczewski, Barbara. "Doing and Becoming: Warlpiri Rituals and Myths." In Indigenising Anthropology with Guattari and Deleuze, 131–70. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474450300.003.0005.

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This chapter analyses the relation between Warlpiri myth and ritual from the perspective of the cosmological and ritual differentiation of male and female. It is a challenging repositioning of gender in relation to religion and spirituality based on an Aboriginal cosmologic which values a mythical androgyny of some hybrid totemic human and non human ancestors of current humans and their totemic species, animals, plants, or phenomena like rain or fire. To reactualise such a virtual androgyny in themselves, both men and women perform ceremonies reenacting through dances, songs and painted bodies the totemic travels but in ritual spaces restricted to one gender. In this ritual separation, they are both involved in land tenure and dream revelation of new designs to paint, sing or dance as a reactualisation of a virtual collective and earth memory. Women can dream for men and more rarely men dream for women. First published in French in 1991.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Aboriginal Australians. Land tenure"

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Raxworthy, Julian. "A Story of Two Titles: The Torrens System and Parcel 702, Adelaide." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4023p41ye.

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Анотація:
Although the catchment - the topographically defined edge where “all rainfall… drains naturally … or is directed to by human intervention towards … the catchment outlet [which may be immediately a creek, but ultimately is the ocean] ” – is the most significant boundary for ecological function of landscapes, Raxworthy has argued that property boundaries and land tenure make it such that “landscape pattern is as much an emergent quality of capitalism as it is propensity[y] of [the landscape.” Despite its role in establishing the pattern of the landscape, landscape architects tend to treat property boundary as a given that is almost invisible when every act they do reacts to it in some way, necessitating, Raxworthy continues, a theorising of land tenure in landscape architecture. I hope to continue Raxworthy’s project in this paper by examining the celebrated model of contemporary land titling – the Torrens System – in its place of origination – Adelaide – and explore the relationship between landscape, people and land titling. Two of the things Adelaide is most famous for might seem complimentary but are actually contradictory: the Torrens System of title (which Atkinson, quoting Greg Taylor, calls ““South Australia’s most successful intellectual export.”” ) and the first successful determination Native Title in a capital city of Australia. Developed by Robert Richard Torrens, the “Real Property Act (1858)” (which subsequently became known as Torrens Title, or the Torrens System) and “simplify[ied] the Laws relating to the transfer and encumbrance of freehold and other interests in land,” by creating a centralised registration system of actual land ownership, rather than simply deeds, removing potentials for contestation. In the developing world the Torrens System has been a very important tool in helping secure land title in post-colonial countries “[becoming] the norm in both Anglophone and Francophone colonial Africa,” yet, as Leonie Kelleher has argued, the Torrens System effectively eclipsed the previous sovereignty of Aboriginal people in the very place of its creation.
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