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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "A task"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "A task"

PATTHEY-CHAVEZ, G. GENEVIEVE, and LINDSAY CLARE. "Task, Talk, and Text." Written Communication 13, no. 4 (1996): 515–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741088396013004003.

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Meloth, Michael S., and Paul D. Deering. "Task Talk and Task Awareness Under Different Cooperative Learning Conditions." American Educational Research Journal 31, no. 1 (1994): 138–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/00028312031001138.

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Philipp, Andrea M., and Iring Koch. "Task inhibition and task repetition in task switching." European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 18, no. 4 (2006): 624–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09541440500423269.

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Bai, Xilian, George J. Bugg, Susan L. Greenwood, et al. "Expression of TASK and TREK, two-pore domain K+ channels, in human myometrium." Reproduction 129, no. 4 (2005): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00442.

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Two-pore domain K+channels are an emerging family of K+channels that may contribute to setting membrane potential in both electrically excitable and non-excitable cells and, as such, influence cellular function. The human uteroplacental unit contains both excitable (e.g. myometrial) and non-excitable cells, whose function depends upon the activity of K+channels. We have therefore investigated the expression of two members of this family, TWIK (two-pore domain weak inward rectifying K+channel)-related acid-sensitive K+channel (TASK) and TWIK-related K+channel (TREK) in human myometrium. Using RT-PCR the mRNA expression of TASK and TREK isoforms was examined in myometrial tissue from pregnant women. mRNAs encoding TASK1, 4 and 5 and TREK1 were detected whereas weak or no signals were observed for TASK2, TASK3 and TREK2. Western blotting for TASK1 gave two bands of approximately 44 and 65 kDa, whereas TREK1 gave bands of approximately 59 and 90 kDa in myometrium from pregnant women. TASK1 and TREK1 immunofluorescence was prominent in intracellular and plasmalemmal locations within myometrial cells. Therefore, we conclude that the human myometrium is a site of expression for the two-pore domain K+channel proteins TASK1 and TREK1.

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Theodorakis, Yannis, Stiliani Chroni, Kostas Laparidis, Vagelis Bebetsos, and Irini Douma. "Self-Talk in a Basketball-Shooting Task." Perceptual and Motor Skills 92, no. 1 (2001): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2001.92.1.309.

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This study examined the effectiveness of two different types of self-talk on the performance of a basketball-shooting task. 60 physical education and sports sciences students were organized into one control and two treatment groups which used self-talk. During the experiment, the control group performed with the general instructions, whereas the self-talk groups used the cue-words “relax” and “fast,” respectively. Analysis showed that only the participants of the self-talk group who used the word “relax” improved their performance significantly as compared to the other two groups. It appears that self-talk can positively affect performance if its content is appropriate for the task performed.

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Brice, Lynn. "Deliberative Discourse Enacted: Task, Text, and Talk." Theory & Research in Social Education 30, no. 1 (2002): 66–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2002.10473179.

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Ortega-Sáenz, Patricia, Konstantin L. Levitsky, María T. Marcos-Almaraz, Victoria Bonilla-Henao, Alberto Pascual, and José López-Barneo. "Carotid body chemosensory responses in mice deficient of TASK channels." Journal of General Physiology 135, no. 4 (2010): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200910302.

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Background K+ channels of the TASK family are believed to participate in sensory transduction by chemoreceptor (glomus) cells of the carotid body (CB). However, studies on the systemic CB-mediated ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia in TASK1- and/or TASK3-deficient mice have yielded conflicting results. We have characterized the glomus cell phenotype of TASK-null mice and studied the responses of individual cells to hypoxia and other chemical stimuli. CB morphology and glomus cell size were normal in wild-type as well as in TASK1−/− or double TASK1/3−/− mice. Patch-clamped TASK1/3-null glomus cells had significantly higher membrane resistance and less hyperpolarized resting potential than their wild-type counterpart. These electrical parameters were practically normal in TASK1−/− cells. Sensitivity of background currents to changes of extracellular pH was drastically diminished in TASK1/3-null cells. In contrast with these observations, responsiveness to hypoxia or hypercapnia of either TASK1−/− or double TASK1/3−/− cells, as estimated by the amperometric measurement of catecholamine release, was apparently normal. TASK1/3 knockout cells showed an enhanced secretory rate in basal (normoxic) conditions compatible with their increased excitability. Responsiveness to hypoxia of TASK1/3-null cells was maintained after pharmacological blockade of maxi-K+ channels. These data in the TASK-null mouse model indicate that TASK3 channels contribute to the background K+ current in glomus cells and to their sensitivity to external pH. They also suggest that, although TASK1 channels might be dispensable for O2/CO2 sensing in mouse CB cells, TASK3 channels (or TASK1/3 heteromers) could mediate hypoxic depolarization of normal glomus cells. The ability of TASK1/3−/− glomus cells to maintain a powerful response to hypoxia even after blockade of maxi-K+ channels, suggests the existence of multiple sensor and/or effector mechanisms, which could confer upon the cells a high adaptability to maintain their chemosensory function.

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MORI, Kazuo. "Analog Task and Digital Task." Japanese journal of ergonomics 29, Supplement (1993): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.29.supplement_30.

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You, Wanqing, Kai Qian, and Ying Qian. "Hierarchical Queue-Based Task Scheduling." Journal of Advances in Computer Networks 2, no. 2 (2014): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jacn.2014.v2.98.

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Peck, Gail J. "Task." English Journal 90, no. 6 (2001): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/822072.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "A task"

Buckman, Noam (Noam M. ). "Decentralized task allocation for dynamic, time-sensitive tasks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120195.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018. This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-110). In time-sensitive and dynamic missions, autonomous vehicles must respond quickly to new information and objectives. In the case of dynamic task allocation, a team of agents are presented with a new, unknown task that must be allocated with their original allocations. This is exacerbated further in decentralized settings where agents are limited to utilizing local information during the allocation process. This thesis presents a fully decentralized, dynamic task allocation algorithm that extends the Consensus-Based Bundle Algorithm (CBBA) to allow for allocating new tasks. Whereas static CBBA requires a full resetting of previous allocations, CBBA with Partial Replanning (CBBA-PR) enables the agents to only partially reset their allocations to efficiently and quickly allocate a new task. By varying the number of existing tasks that are reset during replan, the team can trade-off convergence speed with amount of coordination. By specifically choosing the lowest bid tasks for resetting, CBBA-PR is shown to converge linearly with the number of tasks reset and the network diameter of the team. In addition, limited replanning methods are presented for scenarios without sufficient replanning time. These include a single reset bidding procedure for agents at capacity, a no-replanning heuristic that can identify scenarios that does not require replanning, and a subteam formation algorithm for reducing the network diameter. Finally, this thesis describes hardware and simulation experiments used to explore the effects of ad-hoc, decentralized communication on consensus algorithms and to validate the performance of CBBA-PR. by Noam Buckman. S.M.

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Guo, Meng. "Cooperative Motion and Task Planning Under Temporal Tasks." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-141803.

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Temporal-logic-based languages provide a formal and accurate way to specify complex motion and action missions for autonomous robots, beyond the classic point-to-point navigation task. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the nominal scenario: an autonomous robot is given a motion task specified as Linear-time Temporal Logic (LTL) formulas. Under the assumption that the workspace is static and fully-known, we provide a systematic and automated scheme to synthesize both the discrete motion and task plan and the hybrid control strategy that drives the robot, such that the resulting trajectory fulfills the given task specification. Limited knowledge about the workspace model, unforeseen changes in the workspace property and un-modeled dynamical constraints of the robot may render the nominal approach inadequate. Thus in the second part of the thesis we take into account four non-nominal scenarios where: (i) the specified task is not feasible; (ii) the task contains hard and soft constraints; (iii) the workspace model is not fully-known in priori; (iv) the task involves not only robot motion but also actions. The proposed results greatly improve the real-time adaptability and reconfigurability of the nominal scheme. In the last part, we analyze a team of interconnected autonomous robots with local and independently-assigned tasks. Firstly we consider the case where cooperations among the robots are imposed due to heterogeneity and collaborative tasks. A decentralized coordination scheme is proposed such that the robots' joined plans satisfy their mutual tasks the most. Then a distributed knowledge transfer and update procedure is designed for the networked robots that co-exist within a common but partially-known workspace. It guarantees both the safety and correctness of their individual plans. QC 20140225 EU RECONFIG

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Li, Xiangqian. "Task-switching costs without task-switching." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8962/.

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It has been suggested that task-switching costs can be eliminated if participants memorise all stimulus-response mappings thereby avoiding task-switching altogether (Dreisbach, Goschke & Haider, 2006, 2007; Dreisbach & Haider, 2008). This has been labelled the “Look-Up Table” (LUT) approach. It has also been suggested that the LUT approach could potentially explain why animals such as monkeys (Stoet & Snyder, 2003; Avdagic et al., 2013) and pigeons (Castro & Wasserman, 2016; Meier, Lea & McLaren 2016) were able to perform task-switching without showing any task-switching costs (Dreisbach, et al., 2006, 2007; Dreisbach & Haider, 2008; Forrest, Monsell & Mclaren, 2014). In a series of eight experiments the following two questions were addressed: (1) Why do some participants show significant task-switching costs even when they do not switch between tasks (e.g., Forrest, Monsell & Mclaren, 2014)? (2) Can the LUT approach explain the absence of task-switching costs? In an attempt to answer both questions different sources of human task-switching costs are investigated in eight behavioural experiments. Chapter 1 provides an overview of different task-switching paradigms and accounts to explain task-switching costs. Chapter 2 summarises previous attempts to remove human task-switching costs. Evidence for the absence of task-switching costs in animals is also introduced. Following up on previous studies that suggested the LUT approach can explain the absence of task-switching costs, I conducted two task-switching experiments using visual tasks (i.e., colour task and shape task) with bivalent stimuli in an attempt to re-examine the conclusions of previous LUT studies (i.e., Dreisbach, et al., 2006, 2007; Dreisbach & Haider, 2008; Forrest, Monsell & Mclaren, 2014). The results in Chapter 2 indicate that human participants cannot always eliminate task-switching costs and do not always apply the LUT approach when the task-switching strategy is controlled. Therefore, the experiments in Chapter 3 and 4 sought to ascertain the requirements for eliminating task-switching costs when using the LUT approach. The experiments in Chapter 3 applied visual tasks where each task had a different stimulus-set. Experiments in Chapter 4 applied two classical mathematical tasks (i.e., big/small task, odd/even task) and used Chinese numbers as stimuli. The results of the experiments in Chapters 3 and 4 suggest that human participants must be able to give the correct answer without processing task-relevant features from the stimuli in order to eliminate task-switching costs. In the experiment of Chapter 5 the cue-stimulus-response mappings from Experiments 2.1 and 2.2 were rearranged so that switching between conventional tasks and rules became impossible. The results suggest that task-relevant features can trigger interferences thereby causing “task-switching costs” even when participants do not switch between tasks. In Chapter 7, I compare a modified interference account, introduced in Chapter 5, with the compound retrieval account (e.g., Logan & Schneider, 2010) and associative learning account (Forrest et al., 2014; Meier et al., 2016) in order to explain why human participants show task-switching costs even when they do not switch between tasks. I conclude that the modified interference account provides an alternative explanation. It has been proposed that only humans are affected by strong and long-lasting interference from previous trials during task-switching. As a consequence, this interference may explain why human participants consistently show task-switching costs whereas monkeys and pigeons show no task-switching costs.

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Riby, Leigh Martin. "The effects of age, task complexity and task domain on dual task performance." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/af3ecd46-ba64-48c3-a8f7-7fd30df39fad.

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Hendrich, Elisabeth. "Determinants of task order in dual-task situations." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17088.

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Werden zwei Aufgaben in einem Doppelaufgaben-Paradigma gleichzeitig bearbeitet, dann treten oft sogenannte Doppelaufgabenkosten auf (längere Reaktionszeiten und/oder höhere Fehlerzahlen). Diese Doppelaufgabenkosten werden durch einen zentralen “Flaschenhals” erklärt, der die gleichzeitige Verarbeitung der beiden Aufgaben an der zentralen Verarbeitungsstufe der Reaktionsauswahl verhindert. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, einige mögliche Faktoren der Verarbeitungsreihenfolge an diesem Flaschenhals zu untersuchen. Die Studie zeigt, dass die Ankunftszeit am Flaschenhals ein wichtiger Faktor bei der Festlegung der Verarbeitungsreihenfolge ist. Zusätzlich ist der Einfluss der Ankunftszeit auf die Verarbeitungsreihenfolge unabhängig davon, welche der beiden Aufgaben manipuliert wurde um den Einfluss dieser Aufgabe zu untersuchen (visuelle oder auditorische Aufgabe). Ein zweiter Faktor der manipuliert wurde, ist die Instruktion an die Probanden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass unter bestimmten Instruktionsbedingungen kognitive Kontrollprozesse aktiviert zu werden scheinen. Als dritten Faktor wurden Aufgabenanforderungen untersucht, indem eine Aufgabe mit zeitlicher Reihenfolge-Entscheidung mit einer Doppelaufgabe mit zufälliger Aufgabenreihenfolge, d.h.: Bestimmung der zeitlichen Reihenfolge mit der zusätzlichen Anforderung einer Reaktionswahl-Aufgabe, verglichen wurde. Die Ergebnisse dieser Experimente deuten darauf hin, dass die Entscheidung über die zeitliche Reihenfolge der beiden Aufgaben zwischen der Wahrnehmungsstufe und der Reaktionswahlstufe getroffen wird. The simultaneous performance of two tasks in a dual-task paradigm is often accompanied by dual-task costs (longer reaction times and/or higher error rates). These dual-task costs have been explained by the existence of a central bottleneck which prohibits the simultaneous processing of the two tasks at the central response-selection stage of information processing. The aim of the present work was to investigate several of the possible factors which determine the task processing order at this central bottleneck. The study shows that the arrival time of the two tasks at the bottleneck plays an important role in the determination of task order. Additionally, the influence of the arrival time on processing order is independent of the component task which is manipulated to test the influence of that task (i.e., visual & auditory task). A second factor that was manipulated is the instruction given to the participants. The results show that cognitive control processes are activated under certain instruction conditions. As a third factor, task requirements were investigated by comparing a temporal order judgement task with a dual task with random task order (i.e., temporal order judgement with the additional requirement to do a choice-RT task). The results suggest that the decision about the temporal order of the two tasks is located between the perception stage and the response-selection stage of processing.

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Drucker, Steven M. "Task-level robot learning on a complex task." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13661.

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Kübler, Sebastian. "Investigating Task-Order Coordination in Dual-Task Situations." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22796.

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Bisherige Studien liefern Hinweise für das Auftreten von aktiven Prozessen der Reihenfolgekoordination in Doppelaufgaben. Diese Prozesse sind notwendig für die Regulation der Bearbeitungsreihenfolge von zwei Aufgaben. Bisher ist jedoch wenig über die kognitiven und neuronalen Mechanismen bekannt, die diesen Prozessen zugrunde liegen. Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation war deshalb die Überprüfung eines Modells aktiver Reihenfolgekoordination in Doppelaufgaben. Das Modell nimmt an, dass diese Prozesse auf Repräsentationen zurückgreifen, die Informationen über die Verarbeitungssequenz zweier Aufgaben enthält. Zusätzlich macht das Modell Annahmen über (1) den Ort der Verarbeitung und (2) den genauen Inhalt dieser Repräsentationen. Weiterhin enthält das Modell die Annahmen, dass (3) der präfrontale Kortex kausal in Reihenfolgekoordination involviert ist und dass (4) diese Prozesse von unterschiedlichen Kriterien beeinflusst werden. In dieser Dissertation wurde das Model in einer Reihe von vier Studien überprüft. Dazu wurde ein Doppelaufgabenparadigma mit zufällig wechselnder Aufgabenreihenfolge verwendet. Ich konnte zeigen, dass die Reihenfolgerepräsentationen im Arbeitsgedächtnis aufrechterhalten und aktiv verarbeitet werden. Ich konnte weiterhin zeigen, dass diese Repräsentationen nur Information über die Sequenz der Aufgaben enthalten. Spezifische Aufgabeninformation wird hingegen separat repräsentiert. Durch den Einsatz transkranieller Magnetstimulation konnte ich zudem nachweisen, dass der präfrontale Kortex eine kausale Rolle für Reihenfolgekoordination spielt. Darüber hinaus konnte ich zeigen, dass Anforderungen an Reihenfolgekoordinationsprozesse in Situationen, in denen Probanden ein von außen vorgegebenes Reihenfolgekriterium befolgen, erhöht sind im Vergleich zu Situationen, in denen Probanden ein auf einer freien Wahl basierendes Kriterium nutzen können. Die Implikationen dieser Ergebnisse werden unter Berücksichtigung des vorgeschlagenen Modells diskutiert. Evidence from behavioral as well as neurophysiological studies indicates the occurrence of active task-order coordination processes in dual-task situations. These processes are required for planning and regulating the processing sequence of two tasks that overlap in time. So far, however, the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying active task-order coordination are highly underspecified. To tackle this issue, in the present dissertation I tested a model of task-order coordination in dual-task situations. This model assumes that task-order coordination relies on representations that contain information about the processing sequence of the two component tasks. In addition, the model includes assumptions about the (1) locus of processing as well as (2) the exact content of these order representations. The model further assumes that (3) the lateral prefrontal cortex is causally involved in implementing task-order coordination processes and that (4) these processes are affected by different order criteria. I tested this model in a series of four studies by applying a dual-task paradigm with randomly changing task order. I demonstrated that task-order representations are actively maintained and processed in working memory during dual tasking. Moreover, I found that these order representations only contain information about the processing sequence of tasks, whereas specific component task information is represented separately. By applying transcranial magnetic stimulation, I also provided evidence for the causal role of the lateral prefrontal cortex for task-order coordination. Furthermore, I showed that the demands on task-order coordination are increased when participants have to adhere to an external and mandatory order criterion compared to when they can use an internally generated order criterion that is based on free choice. The implications of these results as well as an outlook for future research will be discussed in the framework of the proposed model.

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Farley, Becky Gwen. "Trunk muscle activity during the simultaneous performance of two voluntary tasks: A trunk task and a pulsed expiration task." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284038.

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Trunk control is intriguing because trunk muscles must meet multiple requirements during the performance of everyday tasks (e.g., balancing, locomotion, musical instrument playing, reaching, trunk bending, vocalizing). A unique feature of trunk muscles is that they often participate in simultaneous trunk movement and breathing-related behaviors. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that two voluntary task-specific muscle activity patterns could combine linearly when both tasks activate the same muscles. Surface electromyograms (EMG) were recorded from four trunk sites (upper and lower lateral abdominal, medial and lateral back) during the performance of a trunk task, pulsed expiration task, and combined task (hunk + pulsed expiration task). The trunk task varied across four experiments, and included a static holding task or a uni-directional movement task in both flexion and extension directions. The expiration task was constant. Selected task variables (lung volume, movement amplitude and duration, expiratory target pressure) were consistent across all tasks. For each EMG site, a linear prediction (predicted EMG trace) was calculated from the mathematical addition of the task-specific EMG recorded during the individual trunk and expiration tasks. This linear prediction was compared to the actual muscle activity recorded during the combined task (measured EMG trace) and a point-to-point correlation was performed on the two traces to determine how closely they matched. Findings showed that in just over half the comparisons, the combined muscle activity pattern (measured EMG trace) was the same as a linear addition of each individual muscle activity pattern (predicted EMG trace). Such linear addition implies that two sets of descending command signals reach motoneuron pools essentially unmodified, and that motoneurons supplying trunk muscles may be specially organized to receive dual and simultaneous voluntary neural drive. In the remaining comparisons, the EMG activity for the two individual tasks, were superimposed, but not linearly. This finding suggests that although individual muscles are activated as a unit, selected muscles may be modified by sensory feedback. This flexibility allows the nervous system to take advantage of a muscles mechanical effectiveness and to adapt to environmental constraints without having to reconfigure or construct a new set of instructions.

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Farias, Priscila Fabiane. "Task-Test." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/123320.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inglês: Estudos linguísticos e Literários, Florianópolis, 2014. Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-06T18:04:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 326630.pdf: 2523395 bytes, checksum: 6e9af23608eac659ca9db8d0f3a385cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 Na área de Aquisição de Segunda Língua, a abordagem baseada em tarefas propõe um ensino comunicativo através do uso de tarefas (Skehan, 2003). Da mesma forma, pesquisadores e professores desta área explicam que a abordagem usada em sala de aula deve ser similar à maneira que os alunos são testados. Levando isso em consideração, é possível afirmar que, em uma sala de aula na qual a abordagem baseada em tarefas é aplicada, a testagem dos alunos deve ser conduzida da mesma forma. Assim, esse trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o impacto de um Teste-Tarefa, ou seja, um teste que contém elementos de uma tarefa levando em consideração os critérios estabelecidos por Ellis (2003), no desempenho de alunos de dois grupos distintos - grupo 1 que seguiu a abordagem estabelecida pelo livro-texto e grupo 2 que recebeu um tratamento seguindo a Abordagem Baseada em Tarefas. Além disso, a presente pesquisa tentou entender a relação entre o teste e a abordagem metodológica usada para ensino de segunda língua. Ainda, buscando um enfoque mais qualitativo, esse estudo objetivou pesquisar a percepção dos alunos sobre o Teste-Tarefa no sentido de saber se o mesmo é ou não uma ferramenta apropriada para medir seu aprendizado em L2. Trinta e dois participantes, divididos em dois grupos, responderam o Teste-Tarefa, um questionário sobre dados pessoais bem como outro sobre o teste em si. Em relação à comparação do desempenho dos alunos levando em consideração a acurácia, complexidade e outcome (resposta comunicativa de uma tarefa), Testes-T independentes foram utilizados. Quanto ao objetivo de entender a percepção dos participantes sobre o teste, uma avaliação qualitativa dos questionários foi feita. Resultados indicaram falta de significância estatística para ambas acuracia e complexidade enquanto que para a medida de outcome, a significância foi aproximada. Em relação aos questionários, os mesmos demonstraram que os alunos identificaram os elementos de uma tarefa no Teste-Tarefa e, em virtude desses resultados, o Teste-Tarefa foi considerado pelos alunos como uma ferramenta apropriada para medir seu aprendizado em L2. Levando em consideração tais implicações trazidas pela análise dos dados quantitativos e qualitativos, ênfase na importância de uma abordagem coerente para ensino e testagem é sugerida. Ademais, o Teste-Tarefa foi considerado uma ferramenta construtiva e positiva para testagem no contexto do ensino comunicativo. Abstract : Within the area of Second Language Acquisition (SLA), the Task Based Approach (TBA) proposes communicative teaching through the use of tasks (Skehan, 2003). At the same time, researchers in the area of SLA agree that the approach used by the teacher in class should be similar to the way the students are going to be tested. Bearing this in mind, it can be assumed that in TBA classroom, students' assessment should also follow TBA tenets. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the impact of a TaskTest, that is, a written test which contained elements of a task according to Ellis' (2003) criteria, on students' language performance in two different groups - group 1 whose classes followed the textbook and group 2 which was exposed to Task Based lessons. Additionally, this research tried to understand the relationship of this test to the methodological approach used for second language teaching. Moreover, taking a more qualitative stance, this study aimed at unfolding students' perceptions of the Task-Test in terms of it being an appropriate tool for measuring their L2 acquisition. Thirty two participants divided in two groups completed the Task-Test and responded to a profile and a post task questionnaire. Research data were scrutinized qualitatively and quantitatively. As for comparing the participants' writing performance in terms of accuracy, complexity and outcome achievement, independent T-tests were run. As regards unfolding students? perception of the Task-Test, a qualitative appraisal of students' answers was made. The results of this study indicated lack of statistical significance for both accuracy and complexity measures and approached significance for the outcome measure. In relation to the questionnaires, learners' answers demonstrated that the students were able to identify task elements in the Task-Test and used these characteristics to explain why they considered the test an effective tool for measuring their L2 performance. Based on the results from both quantitative and qualitative analyses, emphasis on the importance of a coherent approach for teaching and testing may be suggested. Furthermore, the Task-Test was considered a constructive and positive tool for communicative assessment.

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Inoue, Chihiro. "Task parallelness : investigating the difficulty of two spoken narrative tasks." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.653053.

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This thesis explores how task parallelness might be established; this is of fundamental importance to any discussion in the areas of language testing and task-based research, where the equivalence of tasks is a prerequisite. Five pilot studies were conducted using two spoken narrative tasks from an ongoing speaking test of English in Japan, the Standard Speaking Test, including two feasibility studies using several linguistic variables to analyse candidate performances, a study of expert judgements of the two tasks, a study of the linguistic performance of native speakers of English, and a study to identify an appropriate pair of tasks for the main study. The main study examined the parallelness of two spoken narrative tasks by Hill (1960) in terms of the ratings calculated by MFRM analysis, the linguistic performances of 65 Japanese candidates and 11 native speakers of English, expert judgements by Japanese teachers of English, and perceptions of the Japanese candidates and native speakers of English. The validity of the linguistic variables was also examined. The results of analyses demonstrated that the two tasks were not actually parallel, despite the effort to ensure a priori parallelness via the pi lot studies. The findings were extensively discussed in relation to the theories of task complexity from Robinson (2001) and Skehan (1998), and raised several questions regarding the variables for quantifying the accuracy and syntactic complexity of linguistic performance. Taken together, the findings of this thesis add significantly to the understanding of task parallelness and the results of my work can be applied not only to the design and selection of tasks but also to the investigation of linguistic performance in the tields of language testing and task-based research

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Книги з теми "A task"

Ball, Barbara. Task maths. Nelson, 1991.

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Oresanya, Sasania Adedeji. My task. Ministry of Information and Culture, 1992.

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Falkner, Brian. Task force. Random House, 2013.

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Angel's task. Station Hill of Barrytown, 2010.

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Boswell's presumptuous task. Hamish Hamilton, 2000.

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Task force black. Clipper Large Print, 2010.

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Ministries, Dawn, ed. The unfinished task. ACM-FTT Afriserve in partnership with Dawn Ministries, 2004.

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Sandford, John Loren. The Elijah task. Victory House, 1986.

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Boswell's presumptuous task. Penguin Books, 2001.

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The management task. 3rd ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003.

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Частини книг з теми "A task"

Toyoda, Hiroki. "Task." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_101910.

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Weik, Martin H. "task." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_19098.

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Toyoda, Hiroki. "Task." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules. Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6438-9_101910-1.

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Hemmings, Terry, David Randall, Liz Marr, and David Francis. "8. Task, Talk and Closure." In Local Educational Order. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.73.09hem.

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Klapp, Stuart T., Zeke E. Martin, Guy G. McMillan, and Disa T. Brock. "Whole-Task And Part-Task Training In Dual Motor Tasks." In Recent Research in Psychology. Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4756-2_12.

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Ross, Steven J. "Task Frames and Task Repairs." In Interviewing for Language Proficiency. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60528-9_6.

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Yazdanpanah, Vahid, Mehdi Dastani, Shaheen Fatima, Nicholas R. Jennings, Devrim M. Yazan, and Henk Zijm. "Multiagent Task Coordination as Task Allocation Plus Task Responsibility." In Multi-Agent Systems and Agreement Technologies. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66412-1_37.

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Davies, Clare. "Tasks and Task Descriptions for GIS." In Cognitive Aspects of Human-Computer Interaction for Geographic Information Systems. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0103-5_23.

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Byrnes, Heidi, and Rosa M. Manchón. "Task, task performance, and writing development." In Task-Based Language Learning – Insights from and for L2 Writing. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tblt.7.11byr.

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Chong, Sin Wang, and Xuejun Ye. "Task 1: Task Achievement." In Developing Writing Skills for IELTS. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429290169-3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "A task"

Indurthi, Sathish, Mohd Abbas Zaidi, Nikhil Kumar Lakumarapu, et al. "Task Aware Multi-Task Learning for Speech to Text Tasks." In ICASSP 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp39728.2021.9414703.

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Yao, Yaqiang, Jie Cao, and Huanhuan Chen. "Robust Task Grouping with Representative Tasks for Clustered Multi-Task Learning." In KDD '19: The 25th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3292500.3330904.

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Priestley, Michael. "Task oriented or task disoriented." In the 16th annual international conference. ACM Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/296336.296378.

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Mazer, Murray S. "Problems in modelling tasks and task views." In Conference Sponsored by ACM SIGOIS and IEEECS TC-OA. ACM Press, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/45410.45415.

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Li, Zhizhong, Linjie Luo, Sergey Tulyakov, Qieyun Dai, and Derek Hoiem. "Task-Assisted Domain Adaptation with Anchor Tasks." In 2021 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wacv48630.2021.00303.

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Maillard, Jean, Vladimir Karpukhin, Fabio Petroni, et al. "Multi-Task Retrieval for Knowledge-Intensive Tasks." In Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.acl-long.89.

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Güldenpfennig, Florian, Oliver Hödl, Peter Reichl, Christian Löw, Andreas Gartus, and Matthew Pelowski. "TASK." In TEI '16: Tenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction. ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2839462.2856538.

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Hajaj, Chen, and Yevgeniy Vorobeychik. "Adversarial Task Assignment." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/526.

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The problem of task assignment to workers is of long-standing fundamental importance. Examples of this include the classical problem of assigning computing tasks to nodes in a distributed computing environment, assigning jobs to robots, and crowdsourcing. Extensive research into this problem generally addresses important issues such as uncertainty and incentives. However, the problem of adversarial tampering with the task assignment process has not received as much attention. We are concerned with a particular adversarial setting in task assignment where an attacker may target a set of workers in order to prevent the tasks assigned to these workers from being completed. For the case when all tasks are homogeneous, we provide an efficient algorithm for computing the optimal assignment. When tasks are heterogeneous, we show that the adversarial assignment problem is NP-Hard, and present an algorithm for solving it approximately. Our theoretical results are accompanied by extensive simulation results showing the effectiveness of our algorithms.

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Xu, Zhao, and Kristian Kersting. "Multi-task Learning with Task Relations." In 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdm.2011.108.

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Strezoski, Gjorgji, Nanne Noord, and Marcel Worring. "Many Task Learning With Task Routing." In 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccv.2019.00146.

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Звіти організацій з теми "A task"

DEFENSE BUSINESS BOARD WASHINGTON DC. Human Resources Task Group Report Task 3. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada524859.

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Krieg, S. A. Engineering task plan HTI [Hanford Tank Initiative] cone penetrometer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/362411.

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Johnson, C. M. Underground storage tank - Integrated Demonstration Technical Task Plan master schedule. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10183867.

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Warm, Ronnie, J. T. Roth, and J. A. Fitzpatrick. Task Evaluation Form: Development Procedures for Non-Equipment-Oriented Tasks. Defense Technical Information Center, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada167411.

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Caroline, Ebby, Sirinides Philip, Supovitz Jonathan, and Oettinger Andrea. TASK Technical Report. Consortium for Policy Research in Education, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12698/cpre.2013.tr.

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BIOMETRICS TASK FORCE ARLINGTON VA. Biometrics Task Force. Defense Technical Information Center, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada517637.

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Hurst, Erik, Yona Rubinstein, and Kazuatsu Shimizu. Task-Based Discrimination. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29022.

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Andrews, M. K., J. R. Harbour, T. B. Edwards, and P. J. Workman. Glass Waste Forms for Oak Ridge Tank Wastes: Fiscal Year 1997 Report for Task Plan SR-16WT-31, Task A. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/588516.

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Andrews, M. K. Glass Waste Forms for Oak Ridge Tank Wastes: Fiscal Year 1998 Report for Task Plan SR-16WT-31, Task B. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/8592.

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Fahey, R. P., A. L. Rowe, and K. L. Dunlap. Synthetic Task Design: Cognitive Task Analysis of AWACS Weapons Director Teams. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398609.

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