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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "[697.1"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "[697.1"

Rozen, Jerome G., S. Bradleigh Vinson, Rollin Coville, and Gordon Frankie. "Biology and Morphology of the Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys chichimeca (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)." American Museum Novitates 3679 (March 4, 2010): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1206/697.1.

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Akın, Mehmet, Emire Aybuke Erdur, and Onur Öztürk. "Asymmetric dental arch treatment with Forsus fatigue appliances: Long-term results." Angle Orthodontist 89, no. 5 (March 28, 2019): 688–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/092718-697.1.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the treatment efficacy and follow-up stability of the asymmetric Forsus appliance by evaluating longitudinal changes in dental arch asymmetry on digital dental models from 21 patients. Materials and Methods: Maxillary and mandibular reference lines were used for measurements of intra-arch asymmetry at pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and 4.2 years after treatment (T3). Maxillary and mandibular measurements were performed relative to the dental midline and anterior reference line on digital dental models. To determine the amount of asymmetry between the Class I and Class II sides of a given arch, all maxillary and mandibular parameters were measured on each side of the model separately. Repeated-measures analysis of variance/paired sample t-tests were performed to evaluate dental arch asymmetries at the P < .05 level. Results: The alveolar transverse dimensions of the posterior segment of both arches were increased during treatment (P < .05) and remained stable during the retention period. Class II subdivision malocclusion was caused by distal positioning of the mandibular canine, premolars, and first molar on the Class II side (P < .05). Asymmetry was resolved by treatment with asymmetric Forsus appliances. The resolved asymmetry remained stable over the long term. There were no significant differences between T2 and T3 (P > .05). Conclusions: The asymmetric Forsus appliance can be used to treat dental arch asymmetry in patients with Class II subdivision malocclusions.

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Zinad, Kaoutar, Annemie M. W. J. Schols, and Jan G. J. H. Schols. "Another way of looking at treatment stability." Angle Orthodontist 86, no. 5 (February 26, 2016): 721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/101515-697.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the contribution of normal physiological changes to the overall manifestation of a relapse after orthodontic treatment. We analyzed long-term changes in the dentition of patients with Class I malocclusions after orthodontic treatment compared with a representative group with untreated Class I malocclusions. Materials and Methods: Study participants (n = 66; mean age, 12 years at treatment initiation) were treated for Class I malocclusions. Dental changes were evaluated at 2, 5, 10, and 15 years after treatment. Control participants (n = 79) had untreated Class I malocclusions (n = 53 evaluated at ages 12 and 22 years; n = 26 evaluated at ages 19 and 39 years). Dental changes were evaluated with the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index. Results: In untreated and treated groups, PAR scores increased over time with gender-specific changes. In the untreated groups, the PAR score significantly increased in male participants between the ages of 12 and 22 years (P = .04) and in female participants between the ages of 19 and 39 years (P = .001). In the treated group, early posttreatment changes were primarily related to the initial treatment response. Later changes in the PAR score could be attributed to physiological changes, with the same gender-specific changes as those observed in the untreated group. Conclusions: The pattern of physiological changes in dentition for participants between the ages of 12 and 39 was different between sexes. Females showed more relapse than males between 10 and 15 years posttreatment. This distinction should be considered when evaluating long-term orthodontic treatment responses.

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Veprikova, Evgeniya Vladimirovna, and Ivan Petrovich Ivanov. "STRUCTURE AND SORPTION PROPERTIES OF ACTIVATED CARBON BASED ON PINE BARK CARBONIZATS." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020047378.

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The dates about effect of temperature of carbonizats obtaining from pine bark on evolution of a porous structure and sorption properties of the activated carbons, synthesized by the method of thermoalkaline activation in the presence of КОН were presented. It was determined, that for preparation of activated carbons with the greatest specific surface (1421 and 1655 m2/g) and micropores volume (0.58 и 0.71 sm3/g) pine bark carbonizats reasonable to obtain at temperature 300 and 400 °С correspondingly. The correlation of a iodine sorption with volume of micropores width 0.73–3.0 nm (R2=0.964) and a methylene blue sorption with volume of micropores width 0.84–2.0 nm (R2=0.995), which present in the activated carbons structure, was established. It was shown, that low capacity of the activated carbons to vitamin B12 sorption determine by low mesopores volume with width ≥5 nm (no more than 0.0014 sm3/g). It was shown, that the activated carbon based on carbonizat obtained at 400 °С demonstrates a maximal sorption capacity to a iodine and a methylene blue (1.57 g/g и 697.1 mg/g correspondingly), that in 1.4 and 2.7 times exceeds the dates of an industrial activated carbon for medical purposes.

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Li, Yuanyuan, Xin Chen, Yali Cao, Wanyong Zhou, and Hui Chai. "The ultralong cycle life of solid flexible asymmetric supercapacitors based on nickel vanadium sulfide nanospheres." CrystEngComm 22, no. 31 (2020): 5226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ce00376j.

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The nickel vanadium sulfide electrodes shows an capacitance of 697.4 C g⁻¹ at current density of 1A g⁻¹. The flexible ACS Ni–V–S–2//rGO gives rise to a remarkable cyclic stability with 100% capacitance retention over 7000 charge–discharge cycles.

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PIRZADA, FAROUK A., JEFFREY P. SELTZER, DONNA BLAIR-SALETIN, and MAUREEN KILLIAN. "Five-Year Performance of the Medtronic 6971 Polyurethane Endocardial Electrode." Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 9, no. 6 (November 1986): 1173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1986.tb06689.x.

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Xu, Bin, Yongjie Cheng, Biao Qu, Saiyu Luo, Huiying Xu, Zhiping Cai, Patrice Camy, Jean-Louis Doualan, and Richard Moncorgé. "InGaN-LD-pumped Pr3+:LiYF4 continuous-wave deep red lasers at 697.6 and 695.8nm." Optics & Laser Technology 67 (April 2015): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2014.10.010.

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Makarenko, A. "Rationale parameters of working bodies of tillers with variable angles of working surfaces." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 2, no. 5 (December 4, 2014): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6971.

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Alghamdi, Abdulrahman A. M., Tamer S. Abdelmoneim, Naif Kadasa, and Yaaser Q. Almulaiky. "Evaluating Desert Actinomycetes for Enzyme and Antibacterial Production." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 976–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.2.56.

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A total of 13 Actinomycete strains were isolated from 70 soil samples collected from five locations across the Jeddah Province, while the other two locations located in Baljurashi province of Saudi Arabia. All 13 isolates were purified and subjected to enzymatic screening and antibacterial assays. The results indicated that two of these isolates (AC45 and AC69) produced both enzymes and exerted some antibacterial activity. Isolate AC45 produced more amylase and polygalacturonase (697.8 and 1498.59 units/ml, respectively) than isolate AC69; however, AC69 secreted more lipase than AC45 (6957 and 22127 unit/ml, respectively). Furthermore, both AC45 and AC69 exhibited good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Bacillus subtilis. The two isolates were identified using their 16S rRNA sequences, and the results suggest that isolate AC45 shares 99.71% similarity with Streptomyces lavenduligriseus and isolate AC69 shares 99% similarity with Streptomyces sp.

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Luo, Saiyu, Xigun Yan, Qin Cui, Bin Xu, Huiying Xu, and Zhiping Cai. "Power scaling of blue-diode-pumped Pr:YLF lasers at 523.0, 604.1, 606.9, 639.4, 697.8 and 720.9 nm." Optics Communications 380 (December 2016): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2016.06.026.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "[697.1"

Николаевна, Агеева Галина, Агєєва Галина Миколаївна, Agieieva Galyna, Леонид Иванович Кривелев, Леонід Іванович Крівєльов та Leonid Krivjelov. "Маркетинговые исследования применения продукции Концерна "Стирол" в качестве утеплителя ограждающих конструкций зданий и теплоизоляции оснований аэродромных и дорожных покрытий". Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2002. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/52478.

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Анотація:

1. Разработка конструктивно-технологической и нормативно-методологической документации по использованию утеплителей Концерна "СТИРОЛ": Отчет о НИР (промежут.) / Рук. НИР Л. И. Кривелев / Гос.науч.-исслед. и проектно-изыскат. ин-т "НИИпроеконструкция"; №ДР 0101U 007707. № ДО 0302U001154. - К., 2001. - 114 с. 2. СНиП 11-3-79*. Строительная теплотехника // Минстрой России. 1995. 3. Опыт института "НИИПРОЕКТРЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ" в проектирования реконструкции пятиэтажных жилых зданий первых массовых серий/ Гос.науч.-исслед. и проектно-изыскат. ин-т "НИИпроектреконструкция". - К.. 1999. - 43 с.
Приведены результаты маркетинговых исследований, выполненных с целью совершенствования технической и рыночной политики Горловского Концерна "СТИРОЛ" в производстве утеплителя пенополистирол. Разработаны рекомендации по изменению качеств и технологии выпускаемой продукции.
Концентр "Стирол"

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Даценко, Ольга Олександрівна. "Підвищення енергоефективності дитячого садочку та моделювання енергоспоживання з використанням сучасного програмного забезпечення". Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/39531.

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Магістерська дисертація «Підвищення енергоефективності дитячого садочку та моделювання енергоспоживання з використанням сучасного програмного забезпечення» складається з 99 сторінок, 28 рисунків, 49 таблиць, а також містить 42 джерел в переліку посилань. Актуальність теми полягає у використанні сучасних методів моніторингу споживання енергоресурсів для прийняття найбільш ефективних управлінських рішень з точки зору енергоефективності. Метою роботи є дослідження енергоспоживання будівлі на прикладі дитячого садка та впровадження заходів з енергозбереження. Завдання дослідження – провести енергоаудит дитячого садку, розрахувати навантаження на систему опалення та електропостачання, визначити шляхи підвищення енергоефективності будівлі та провести розрахунок доцільності проведення заходів з енергозбереження, розробити систему автоматизованого обліку енергоносіїв. Об'єкт дослідження – дитячий садочок у м. Києві серійних часів забудови. В ході роботи виконано детальне енергетичне обстеження, що включало: - збір вихідних даних щодо характеристик будівлі, її огороджувальних конструкцій та внутрішньобудинкових інженерних систем; - збір даних щодо енергоспоживання об’єкту; - вивчення режимів експлуатації; - уточнення геометричних характеристик будівлі; - розрахунки теплотехнічних показників огороджень, - дослідження умов мікроклімату будівель, - виконання необхідних інструментальних вимірювань і розрахунків; - визначення питомих енергетичних характеристик; - розробка економічно обґрунтованих заходів з енергозберження з доведенням характеристик огороджень до нормативних вимог; - моделювання енергоспоживання будівлі в спеціалізованому програмному продукті з визначенням енергетичних характеристик; - розробка пропозицій щодо розвитку системи енергетичного менеджменту. Предмет дослідження – аналіз доцільності проведення заходів з енергозбереження в сферах тепло- та електропостачання в дитячому садку в місті Київ з використанням сучасного програмного забезпечення. Наукова новизна магістерської дисертації полягає у розробці системи автоматизованого обліку енергоносіїв у дитячому садку. Отримані результати, запропоновані методики та підходи можуть використовуватись для аналізу енергоспоживання інших будівель.
The master's dissertation "Improving the energy efficiency of kindergarten and modeling energy consumption using modern software" consists of 99 pages, 28 figures, 49 tables, and also contains 42 sources in the list of references. The relevance of the topic is to use modern methods of monitoring the consumption of energy resources to make the most effective management decisions in terms of energy efficiency. The purpose of the work is to study the energy consumption of the building on the example of a kindergarten and the implementation of energy saving measures. The task of the research is to conduct an energy audit of the kindergarten, calculate the load on the heating and electricity supply system, determine ways to increase the energy efficiency of the building and calculate the feasibility of energy saving measures, develop an automated energy metering system. The object of research is a kindergarten in Kyiv of serial times of construction. In the course of the work a detailed energy audit was performed, which included: - collection of initial data on the characteristics of the building, its enclosing structures and indoor engineering systems; - collection of data on energy consumption of the facility; - study of operating modes; - specification of geometrical characteristics of the building; - calculations of thermal indicators of protections, - study of the microclimate of buildings, - performance of necessary instrumental measurements and calculations; - determination of specific energy characteristics; - development of economically justified measures for energy saving with bringing the characteristics of fences to regulatory requirements; - modeling of energy consumption of the building in a specialized software product with the definition of energy characteristics; - development of proposals for the development of the energy management system. The subject of the research is the analysis of the expediency of carrying out energy saving measures in the spheres of heat and electricity supply in a kindergarten in the city of Kyiv with the use of modern software. The scientific novelty of the master's dissertation is to develop a system of automated energy accounting in kindergarten. The obtained results, proposed methods and approaches can be used to analyze the energy consumption of other buildings.

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Зіменко, Сергій Вікторович. "Моделювання теплових втрат через огороджувальні конструкції складної форми". Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/24683.

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Анотація:

Обсяг магістерської роботи 113 – аркушів, кількість рисунків – 51, таблиць – 48, додатків – 2. Мета магістерської дисертації – оцінка теплозахисних властивостей огороджувальних конструкцій житлових будівель з урахуванням теплопровідних включень. Під час виконання магістерської дисертації було розглянуто наявні програмні та приладові інструменти, методики оцінки на прикладі об’єкту житлового фонду, підходи до зниження рівня теплопередачі огороджувальних конструкцій, економічний ефект від впровадження енергоефективних проектів з врахуванням результатів моделювання та його вплив на загальний енергетичний баланс будівлі. На основі розділу аналізу програмного забезпечення складено передумови та визначено потребу у впровадженні стартап проекту, для якого визначено потенційну стратегію виходу на ринок. Результати даної дисертації активно впроваджувалися у практичний процес енергетичного обстеження та можуть бути використані у сферах інжинірингу та проектування.
The volume master's thesis equals 113 pages, quantity of figures – 51, tables – 48, applications – 2. The purpose of the master's dissertation is the assessment of the heat-protective properties of the enclosing structures of residential buildings of non-standard constructions. During the implementation of the master's thesis, existing software and instrumental tools, valuation techniques on an example of a housing stock, approaches to reducing the level of heat transfer of fencing structures, the economic effect of implementing energy efficient projects taking into account the results of modeling and their impact on the overall energy balance of the building were considered. Based on the software analysis section, the preconditions have been created and the need for implementation of the project startup has been determined, for which a potential market entry strategy has been identified. The results of this dissertation have been actively implemented in the practical process of energy survey and can be used in the fields of engineering and design.

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Лукашенко, Євгеній Олексійович. "Енергоефективність системи «Джерело теплоти – людина – огороджувальні конструкції» на прикладі житлової будівлі". Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2021. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/46529.

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Анотація:

Обсяг магістерської роботи – 92 аркушів, кількість рисунків – 32, таблиць – 34 . Актуальність теми дослідження пов’язана з постійним підвищенням тарифів на комунальні послуги, заохоченням людей до заощадження, а отже, потребою в нових способах зниження енергоспоживання. Основними засобами зниження енергоспоживання є більш раціональне та ефективне використання ресурсів та термомодернізація. Житловий фонд в Україні є однією з найбільш енергоємних галузей, тому зрозуміло, що впровадженню заходів у цій сфері слід віддавати пріоритет. Мета дослідження – визначення показників енергоефективнсті та рівня теплового комфорту гуртожитку. Об’єкт дослідження – 10-поверхова житлова будівля за адресою вул. Борщагівська, 173/187 , м. Київ. Предмет дослідження – енергоспоживання будівлі, теплотехнічні характеристики огороджувальних конструкцій будівлі, характеристики інженерних мереж. Наукова новизна досягнутих результатів полягає у розробці методичних аспектів і методів аналізу, оцінки та моніторингу показників енергоефективності житлових будинків. Розроблено моделювання з 3D-візуалізацією та детальним аналізом для розрахунку фотоелектричних систем у поєднанні з електроприладами, акумуляторними системами. Матеріали магістерської дисертації можуть бути використані при підготовці і викладанні дисциплін «Енергозбереження будівель і споруд» та «Методи енергомоніторингу та енергоаудиту будівель» для студентів спеціальності 141 «Електроенергетика, електротехніка та електромеханіка», 144 «Теплоенергетика». Тематика досліджень, проведених у магістерській дисертації, представляє практичний інтерес і рекомендується ПрАТ «Вімм-Білль-Данн Україна» до впровадження на реальному об’єкті – житловій 10-поверховій будівлі за адресою вул. Борщагівська, 173/187 , м. Київ. Апробація результатів дослідження:: Основні результати за тематикою роботи обговорювалися та доповідалися на науково- технічних конференціях. Опубліковані тези: 1. IІ науково-технічна конференція магістрантів ІЕЕ (17 листопада 2021 р.).
The volume of master's work - 92 sheets, the number of drawings - 32, tables - 34. The relevance of the research topic is related to the constant increase in utility tariffs, encouraging people to save, and hence the need for new ways to reduce energy consumption. The main means of reducing energy consumption are more rational and efficient use of resources and thermal modernization. Housing in Ukraine is one of the most energy-intensive industries, so it is clear that the implementation of measures in this area should be given priority.The purpose of the study is to determine the indicators of energy efficiency and the level of thermal comfort of the dormitory. The object of study - a 10-storey residential building at vul. Borshchahivska, 173/187, Kyiv. The subject of research - energy consumption of the building, thermal characteristics of the enclosing structures of the building, the characteristics of engineering networks. The scientific novelty of the achieved results is the development of methodological aspects and methods of analysis, evaluation and monitoring of energy efficiency indicators of residential buildings. A model of dynamic modeling with 3D-visualization and detailed shading analysis for the calculation of photovoltaic systems in combination with electrical appliances, battery systems has been developed. Materials of the master's dissertation can be used at preparation and teaching of disciplines "Energy saving of buildings and constructions" and "Methods of energy monitoring and energy audit of buildings" for students of a specialty 141 "Electric power, electrical engineering and electromechanics", 144 "Heat energy". The subject of research conducted in the master's dissertation is of practical interest and is recommended by LLC "ESCO Ukraine" for implementation on real objects - a 10-storey residential building at vul. Borshchahivska, 173/187, Kyiv. Approbation of research results: The main results on the topic of the work were discussed and reported at scientific and technical conferences. Published theses: 1. II scientific and technical conference of IEE undergraduates (November 17, 2021).

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Shahrestani, Mehdi. "Multiple attribute decision making for HVAC&R systems selection." Thesis, University of Reading, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603550.

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Buildings account for 40% of total energy consumption in the UK and more than 55% of this energy is used by heating, ventilation, air-conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems. This significant energy demand and the ascending trend in utilising HVAC&R systems together with the global need to impose energy-efficiency measures underline the importance of selecting the most appropriate HVAC&R system in a design process. In the early stages of the design and construction of a building, the design engineer is responsible for considering various systems in the process of HVAC&R systems selection. Although a broad range of simulation tools is developed for performance evaluation of HVAC&R systems, none of them is capable of performing a decision making process for HVAC&R systems selection. Therefore, the contribution of this study to knowledge has been the development of a multiple attribute decision making tool for HVAC&R systems selection for office buildings in the UK. Firstly, a set of reference office buildings was developed as representative of the UK office building stock and one of them was selected for further study. Then, a set of common alternative HVAC&R systems was identified. The reference office building, assumed to be located in London, together with the alternative HVAC&R systems were simulated in the TRNSVS and their technical performance, economic aspects and environmental impacts were assessed. Finally, to choose the most appropriate system among the alternatives a fuzzy multiple attribute decision making method was used to formulate the process of decision making. The scope of this study was further extended by considering 18 climate regions in the UK together with the effect of climate change in the decision making process using the degree-days theory. In addition, the UK Government's electricity decarbonisation plans were integrated to the developed decision making model. Finally, the model was transferred into a computational tool with a user-friendly interface developed in Matlab.

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Ealiwa, Mansour Ali. "Designing for thermal comfort in a naturally ventilated and air conditioned buildings in summer season of Ghadames, Libya." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4758.

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The outdoor climate of an area has a significant impact on housing and urban fabric as a whole, and the more extreme a climate, the more necessary it becomes to respond to it. Thus the climate should be regarded as a significant modifier of the built environment; thermal discomfort within building environments is a prevalent and significant issue throughout the developed and developing countries. There is considerable disagreement in the research community concerning whether comfort standards developed in the climate of North America and Europe are appropriate for use in other countries with more extreme climatic conditions. This research focuses on designing for the conditions of thermal comfort in hot dry climate regions. The research reports field surveys in both naturally ventilated (NV) buildings and air-conditioned (AC) buildings in summer season, with reference to Ghadames in Libya. This involves objective measurements and subjective questionnaire study with a view to testing the validity of the established thermal comfort models: Fanger's PMV model and the Adaptive model. It reviews the results from the field survey within those two types of buildings in the summer seasons of 1997 and 1998, which experiences the hot-dry climate of North Africa. It shows how the residents responded to the environmental conditions, social needs, and architectural character such as building design and thermal mass. The method of study and analysis are critically described. The subjective data was collected and tabulated by using questionnaires, which have been widely used and shown to be effective, to determine people's votes through scales modified especially for this purpose. Questionnaires were collected from households of 60 buildings: 30 old NV buildings and 30 new AC buildings involving a total of 270 participants from both types of buildings. The questionnaires compare the significance of the thermal sensation, the thermal comfort, and the preference scales of each type of building. The objective survey consisted of 19 observations of empirical data (in the 9 old NV buildings, and in the 10 AC new buildings) to validate the performance of the current thermal comfort indices. The results show that the PMV model is not valid, unless modified, for predicting the thermal comfort in old buildings, in Ghadames oasis, Libya. Thus a modification is proposed. However, the results from modem air-conditioned buildings have shown that there is good agreement between Fanger's model and the actual mean vote (AMV) values reported by the occupants in these buildings. The results from the present study show also that the neutral temperatures in old and new buildings are 31.6°C and 29.4°C respectively. The adaptive model, which is developed by Auliciems (1983), is shown to be valid, without modification, for predicting the thermal comfort of sedentary occupants in such environments. The results indicate that the construction of residential dwellings using traditional methods is more conducive to the climatic conditions of hot-dry climates and suitable for the cultural requirements and life style of the occupants. Human thermal comfort was assessed using the adaptive model, to show that the climate and personal behaviour have a significant impact on human comfort perception and building design.

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Lam, Hoi Yan. "Thermal performance of deciduous climbing plants on glazed building facÌ§ades." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439205.

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Carey, P. S. "Direct wind tunnel modelling of natural ventilation for design purposes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422325.

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Ji, Yingchun. "Computational fluid dynamics modelling of displacement natural ventilation." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4951.

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Natural ventilation is widely recognised as contributing towards low-energy building design. The requirement to reduce energy usage in new buildings has rejuvenated interest in natural ventilation. This thesis deals with computer modelling of natural displacement ventilation driven either by buoyancy or buoyancy combined with wind forces. Two benchmarks have been developed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in order to evaluate the accuracy with which CFD is able to model natural displacement ventilation flow. The first benchmark considers the natural ventilation of a single ventilated space with high and low level openings connected to the exterior driven by combined forces of wind and buoyancy. The second benchmark considers natural ventilation flow in a single space connected to an atrium driven by pure buoyancy. Simulation results of key ventilation parameters (stratification depth, temperature gradient and ventilation flow rate) have been compared with analytical and experimental models and close agreements have been achieved. The two benchmarks are defined using the RNG k-epsilon turbulence model. A pressure boundary is applied onto the ventilation openings directly and a porous medium boundary is used to assist the development of the thermal plume. This method has proved to be robust and the close agreement between the three modelling techniques indicates that CFD is able to model natural ventilation flows in simple geometries with acceptable accuracy and reliability. Using the benchmarks the influences of key CFD modelling parameters and building design issues have been investigated. For example, representing openings, heat source representation, stack height, and air inlet strategies. Natural displacement ventilation of a multi-storey building comprising an atrium is also addressed. Simple analytical models have been developed to describe the key air flow features within the ventilation system.

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Gough, Hannah. "Effects of meteorological conditions on building natural ventilation in idealised urban settings." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/71951/.

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With 50 % of the worlds population dwelling in urban environments and over 70 % of people’s time is spent indoors (at home, work or in vehicles). It is important to understand how the urban area effects the internal-external air exchange for buildings and how this may impact on the occupants, though this will differ depending on location. The urban area is complex, requiring multidisciplinary expertise in order to understand the driving features. Urban areas may be simplified down for study to reduce some of the complexity. The study undertaken at Silsoe, UK, used a full-scale staggered array of nine 6 m3 cubes to gain an understanding of the effects of meteorological variables on the natural ventilation rate and pressure coefficient. After 6 months 8 cubes were removed, leaving the instrumented cube isolated for 2 months. All equipment logged constantly, creating a dataset which covers a wide range of wind directions, wind speeds, temperature differences and atmospheric stabilities making the dataset unique from previous work. Changes in wind direction cause changes in the pressure coefficient for both isolated and array cases. However defining wind direction is difficult for the array due to the complex interaction of obstacle wakes. The relation between reference and local wind directions is non-linear. The flow within the array was dominated by mechanical turbulence generated by the wakes of the array elements, with the local turbulence intensity being 7 to 10 times greater than for an isolated cube. The presence of an opening had no effect on the pressure coefficient when acting as an inlet. Stability was found to have no effect due to the building being low-rise and the effects of turbulence could not be discerned from 30 minute averages for both pressure coefficient and ventilation measurements. The full-scale data were compared to a wind tunnel model of the site. This allowed for increased array sizes to be used. It was found that the length and size of the rows have a non-linear effect on the pressure coefficient of a cube within the array, with a limited array reducing the pressure coefficient by 10 to 50 % ± 5 % depending on measurement location. Pre-existing models predict the pressure coefficient for an isolated cube well, but do not accurately predict the pressure coefficient for a limited array due to the lack of wind direction and shielding terms. This is also true for the full-scale data. The three methods used to predict ventilation rate (tracer gas decay, pressure difference and the volumetric method) were all affected by different variables such as the presence of thermally driven ventilation, wind direction, location of the wind speed measurement and amount of turbulence within the flow. The difference in the volumetric flow methods depended on the wind speed measurement used, highlighting the difficulty in gaining an accurate representation of ventilation rate using wind speed alone, especially in an urban area. All three methods show more agreement for the array cases than for the isolated cube cases. Pre-existing empirical models of urban wind speed (CIBSE), pressure coefficient (ASHRAE and AIVC) and ventilation rate do not capture the dual behaviour of the ratio of local and reference wind speeds found for the array. This dual behaviour is demonstrated for 1, 5, 10, 30 and 60 minute averaging periods. This behaviour is not correlated to changes in wind direction, the turbulence or speed of the oncoming flow or internal-external temperature differences. A combination of frontal area density, sheltering factor, wind speed, wind direction, opening location and temperature differences within a ventilation model is required to accurately predict ventilation rate.

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Книги з теми "[697.1"

Granick, S., K. Binder, P. G. Gennes, E. P. Giannelis, G. S. Grest, H. Hervet, R. Krishnamoorti, et al., eds. Polymers in Confined Environments. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69711-x.

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Faber, Kurt, ed. Biotransformations. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69791-8.

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Weill, Francis S. Ultraschalldiagnostik in der Gastroenterologie. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69731-9.

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Parker, Owen, and Dimitris Tsarouhas, eds. Crisis in the Eurozone Periphery. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69721-5.

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Da Silveira, Marcos, Cédric Pruski, and Reinhard Schneider, eds. Data Integration in the Life Sciences. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69751-2.

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Song, Shaoxu, Matthias Renz, and Yang-Sae Moon, eds. Web and Big Data. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69781-9.

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Rutkowski, Leszek, Ryszard Tadeusiewicz, Lotfi A. Zadeh, and Jacek M. Zurada, eds. Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing – ICAISC 2008. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69731-2.

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Ding, Wenjing. Self-Excited Vibration. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69741-1.

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Effenberg, Günter, and Svitlana Ilyenko, eds. Iron Systems, Part 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69761-9.

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Nies, Dietrich H., and Simon Silver, eds. Molecular Microbiology of Heavy Metals. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69771-8.

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Binder, K. "Phase Transitions of Polymer Blends and Block Copolymer Melts in Thin Films." In Polymers in Confined Environments, 1–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69711-x_1.

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Gennes, Pierre-Gilles. "Flexible Polymers in Nanopores." In Polymers in Confined Environments, 91–105. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69711-x_2.

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Giannelis, E. P., R. Krishnamoorti, and E. Manias. "Polymer-Silicate Nanocomposites: Model Systems for Confined Polymers and Polymer Brushes." In Polymers in Confined Environments, 107–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69711-x_3.

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Grest, Gary S. "Normal and Shear Forces Between Polymer Brushes." In Polymers in Confined Environments, 149–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69711-x_4.

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Léger, Liliane, Elie Raphaël, and Hubert Hervet. "Surface-Anchored Polymer Chains: Their Role in Adhesion and Friction." In Polymers in Confined Environments, 185–225. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69711-x_5.

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Wang, Shi-Qing. "Molecular Transitions and Dynamics at Polymer / Wall Interfaces: Origins of Flow Instabilities and Wall Slip." In Polymers in Confined Environments, 227–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69711-x_6.

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Ohta, Hiromichi. "Biocatalytic Asymmetric Decarboxylation." In Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, 1–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69791-8_1.

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Johnson, Dean V., and Herfried Griengl. "Biocatalytic Applications of Hydroxynitrile Lyases." In Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, 31–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69791-8_2.

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Carnell, Andrew J. "Stereoinversions Using Microbial Redox-Reactions." In Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, 57–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69791-8_3.

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Adam, Waldemar, Michael Lazarus, Chantu R. Saha-Möller, Oliver Weichold, Ute Hoch, Dietmar Häring, and Peter Schreier. "Biotransformations with Peroxidases." In Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, 73–108. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-69791-8_4.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "[697.1"

SPIE, Proceedings of. "Front Matter: Volume 6971." In SPIE Defense and Security Symposium, edited by Steven L. Chodos and William E. Thompson. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.798028.

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Ocanto, Leonardo, and Alexander Rojas. "Progressing Cavity Pump Pattern Recognition in Heavy and Extra-Heavy Oil Cold Production." In SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/69701-ms.

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Argillier, J.-F., L. Barre, F. Brucy, J.-L. Dournaux, I. Henaut, and R. Bouchard. "Influence of Asphaltenes Content and Dilution on Heavy Oil Rheology." In SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/69711-ms.

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Greaser, Gary R., and J. Raul Ortiz. "New Thermal Recovery Technology and Technology Transfer for Successful Heavy Oil Development." In SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/69731-ms.

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Duong, Loc Q., and Nagamany Thayalakhandan. "Turbine Pocket Blade: Structural Integrity and Tip Leakage Flow." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69731.

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The design of a turbine blade is a complex task involving the simultaneous optimization and compromise of different disciplines with the most important ones are aerodynamics and structures. Aerodynamics mainly involves optimizing blade profiles for minimum pressure loss while structures deals with fatigue and creep life. In small gas turbine application, the turbine pocket blade with aspect ratio less than unity is a typical case of such aero-mechanical optimization. The objective of this paper is to address two crucial topics encountered by such blade design configuration. They are (a) the integrity of the re-enforced pin and pocket fix-end wall under thermal cyclic loading resulting from combustor pattern factor and in combination with blade transient resonance and (b) the minimization of tip leakage flow to improve turbine efficiency. Finite element method and computational fluid dynamics are used to illustrate the blade pocket physical states and its underlying solutions. Structural analysis indicated that a bi-slotted pin is a suited solution to reduce loading of HCF nature at the blade wall-pin interface. Aerodynamic simulation showed that the pocket blade tip with scooped configuration reduced the tip leakage flow.

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Carlomagno, M., S. Rossin, M. Delvecchio, and A. Anichini. "Experimental and Numerical Validation of Conical Strainer Fluid/Structural Performance Model." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69751.

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Temporary conical strainers are widely employed in the Oil & Gas industry as filtering devices in the Centrifugal Compressors suction line. They protect compressor stages from the ingestion of foreign objects whether coming from dirty process gas or left in the pipeline after its construction. Very few literature and research papers are available on the fluid dynamic and structural performance of conical strainers. The purpose of this work is to plug this gap by the definition of a theoretical-experimental model for the characterization of the pressure drop and mechanical resistance of these devices. Starting from the definition of the main fluid dynamics and geometric variables which influence the performances, an experimental campaign has been performed in order to derive the relationship governing the pressure drop behavior. The model efficacy has been confirmed by a CFD analysis, which also allowed a qualitative insight review into the dynamics of velocity and turbulence intensity fields. Further tests have been performed in order to validate the model at off-design points. As far as the structural analysis is concerned, several FEM models and DOE techniques have been implemented in order to define relationships for bust pressure computation and feasible design improvements with respect to the current state of the art. Besides fluid dynamic and structural correlations, the notable achievements of this work are the definition of best pressure static probes positioning and the maximum clogging level that a strainer can withstand before collapse. Furthermore, some guidelines are given in order to prevent pipeline resonance and acoustic fatigue caused by the interaction between strainer turbulence and compressor inlet flow.

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Naik, S., T. P. Sommer, and M. Schnieder. "Aero-Thermal Design and Validation of an Advanced Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69761.

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This paper describes the aero-thermal design and validation of an advanced axial flow turbine. This turbine, which has evolved from the existing and proven GT26/GT24 design consists of an optimised annulus flow path using high lift airfoil profiles and improved aerodynamic matching between the turbine stages. A major design feature of the turbine has been to control and reduce the aerodynamic losses, with particular attention being devoted to minimising the secondary, trailing edge and blade tip losses. The advantages of these design changes to the overall turbine efficiency has been verified by extensive controlled experimentation in high-speed cascade test facilities; by the utilisation of 3D multi-row computational fluid dynamics analysis tools, and via engine tests. In addition to the aerodynamic design modifications of the turbine, the thermal designs of the turbine vanes, blades and heat-shields were also optimised. For the first stage film cooled vane and blade airfoils and platforms, both the film cooling layout and operating characteristics were improved. And for all the internally cooled airfoils, the internal heat transfer design features were additionally optimised, which allowed for more homogenous metal temperature distributions on the airfoil and endwall surfaces. The verification and validation of the thermal designs of the turbine components was confirmed via extensive dedicated testing in high-speed cascades for the film cooling performances, and in scaled perspex models for the internal heat transfer coefficients and local flow distributions. The complete turbine was further tested and validated in the GT26 Test Power Plant in Birr, Switzerland via a dedicated turbine thermal paint test run and a subsequent performance and mapping testing phase.

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Schneider, Hayder, Hans-Jörg Bauer, Dominic von Terzi, and Wolfgang Rodi. "Coherent Structures in Trailing-Edge Cooling and the Challenge for Turbulent Heat Transfer Modelling." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69771.

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In the present paper, we test the capability of a standard Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence model to predict the turbulent heat transfer in a generic trailing-edge situation with a cutback on the pressure side of the blade. The model investigated uses a gradient-diffusion assumption with a scalar turbulent-diffusivity and constant turbulent Prandtl number. High-fidelity Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) were performed for three blowing ratios to provide reliable reference data. Reasonably good agreement between the LES and recent experiments was achieved for mean flow and turbulence statistics. For increasing blowing ratio, the LES replicated an also experimentally observed counter-intuitive decrease of the cooling effectiveness. In contrast, the model failed in predicting this behavior and yielded significant overpredictions. It is shown that the model cannot predict the strong upstream and wall-directed turbulent heat fluxes, which were found to cause the counter-intuitive decrease of the cooling effectiveness.

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Tong, Yanzhang, Yan Liang, Ying Liu, Yulia Hicks, and Irena Spasic. "Integrating Hedonic Quality for User Experience Modelling." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-69781.

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Abstract Research on user experience (UX) has attracted much attention from designers. Additionally, hedonic quality can help designers understand user interaction (such as attractive, original and innovative) when they experience a product. Realising the user’s interaction state is a significant step for designers to optimise product design and service. Previous UX modelling lacks exploration in user interaction state. Also, the lack of user interaction state factor will reduce the accuracy of the UX modelling. In this paper, we explore the interaction value of online customer review and introduce a new approach to integrating hedonic quality for UX modelling. Firstly, extracting word list from online customer review; Secondly, hedonic quality words are extracted from the word list and added as a hedonic quality part to UX modelling; Thirdly, we compared the analysis result with our previous study for the conclusion. This research combines hedonic quality with UX modelling to enrich modelling in the field of UX for the first time. The proposed data collection method is superior to the traditional collection methods in hedonic quality studies. Extracting hedonic quality factors from online customer reviews can in-depth provide reflections for designers to improve their product design. Furthermore, it also explored the valuable relationship between UX and online customer reviews to provide proactive thinking in user strategy and design activities.

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Choi, Nicholas, Nhi V. Quach, and Yoonjin Won. "A Review on the Current Industrial Uses and the Future Outlook of Battery Thermal Management Systems for Electric Vehicles." In ASME 2021 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2021-69751.

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Abstract Due to the high-power efficiency of lithium-ion batteries, there is an increased interest in integrating batteries into vehicles to create a more sustainable transportation method. However, batteries require thermal management systems to maintain heat generation within ranges lower than 40 kJ and operation temperatures between 25°C and 40°C. When exposed to extremely high or low temperatures, the battery efficiency decreases, and adverse consequences may occur. To combat this, research is conducted to explore various options to create thermofluidic systems that utilize fluids to regulate the battery pack’s temperatures. Developments in cooling systems have commonly used air as the cooling fluid, but research in recent years is innovating towards liquids to encourage a higher heat dissipation rate. This paper introduces battery thermal management system applications, current technologies and challenges, and innovations for improving existing models. The current technologies discussed involve manufactured systems based on air- and liquid-cooling for cylindrical and prismatic battery cells. We provide information on new engineered fluids for improvements in fluid properties. In addition to this, new directions related to manufacturing techniques or materials are highlighted to showcase potential changes to current systems to integrate complicated cooling channels in a three-dimensional design. This paper thereby aims to summarize the holistic view showing the direction of the field and possible techniques for battery thermal management.

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