Готові списки джерел за темами / 418.401 9

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "418.401 9"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "418.401 9":

Lambert, Stephen. "The sacrificial calendar of Athens." Annual of the British School at Athens 97 (November 2002): 353–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400017433.

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This article presents the first ever full edition of the fragments of one of the most important documents of ancient Greek religion, the sacrificial calendar of Athens as it was inscribed on stone as part of the revision of Athenian Law in 410/9–405/4 and 403/2–400/399 BC. All these fragments, where they survive, are in Athens (the Agora and Epigraphical Museums). The edition contains many new readings, restorations and interpretative points (in particular the identification of festivals). In addition to a line-by-line commentary, a translation is included and there are explanatory notes on linguistic features, animal and non-animal items listed in the calendar and payments to priests and other officials.

เครือคำ, ศุภชัย, สัญญาศรณ์ สวัสดิ์ไธสง та ละมัย ร่มเย็น. "อิทธิพลของคุณภาพชีวิตการทำงาน และความผูกพันต่อองค์การที่มีผลต่อภาวะหมดไฟ ในการทำงานของบุคลากรสำนักงานจัดรูปที่ดิน และจัดระบบน้ำเพื่อเกษตรกรรมที่ 9". Interdisciplinary Academic and Research Journal 4, № 3 (30 травня 2024): 249–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.60027/iarj.2024.275377.

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ภูมิหลังและวัตถุประสงค์: การทำงานของบุคคลนั้น ไม่ว่าจะเป็นงานลักษณะใดมีผลตอบแทนเช่นใด หรือใช้ความรู้ความสามารถและความรับผิดชอบที่แตกต่างกันอย่างไร ต่างก็มีความเครียดจากการทำงาน ซึ่งความเครียดนั้น หากมีการสะสมไว้ในระยะเวลาที่ยาวนานและไม่ได้รับการแก้ไข อาจนำมาซึ่งภาวะหมดไฟในการทำงาน (Burnout) ดังนั้นการวิจัยครั้งนี้เป็นการวิจัยเชิงปริมาณโดยใช้วิธีการสำรวจ โดยมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ (1) ศึกษาระดับคุณภาพชีวิตการทำงาน ความผูกพันต่อองค์การและภาวะหมดไฟในการทำงานของบุคลากรสำนักงานจัดรูปที่ดิน และจัดระบบน้ำเพื่อเกษตรกรรมที่ 9 (2) ศึกษาอิทธิพลของคุณภาพชีวิตการทำงานที่ส่งผลต่อภาวะหมดไฟในการทำงานของบุคลากรสำนักงานจัดรูปที่ดิน และจัดระบบน้ำเพื่อเกษตรกรรมที่ 9 (3) ศึกษาอิทธิพลของคุณภาพชีวิตการทำงานที่ส่งผลต่อความผูกพันต่อองค์การของบุคลากรสำนักงานจัดรูปที่ดิน และจัดระบบน้ำเพื่อเกษตรกรรมที่ 9 (4) ศึกษาอิทธิพลของความผูกพันต่อองค์การที่ส่งผลต่อภาวะหมดไฟในการทำงานของบุคลากรสำนักงานจัดรูปที่ดิน และจัดระบบน้ำเพื่อเกษตรกรรมที่ 9 ระเบียบวิธีการวิจัย: กลุ่มตัวอย่าง ได้แก่ บุคลากรของสำนักงานจัดรูปที่ดิน และจัดระบบน้ำเพื่อเกษตรกรรมที่ 9 จำนวน 171 คน ใช้วิธีการสุ่มตัวอย่างแบบชั้นภูมิ โดยใช้แบบสอบถามเป็นเครื่องมือ ในการเก็บรวบรวมข้อมูล สถิติที่ใช้ในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล ได้แก่ ความถี่ ร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน และการวิเคราะห์การถดถอยพหุคูณ ผลการวิจัย: (1) คุณภาพชีวิตการทำงานของบุคลากรสำนักงานจัดรูปที่ดินและจัดระบบน้ำเพื่อเกษตรกรรมที่ 9 โดยภาพรวมอยู่ในระดับมาก ความผูกพันต่อองค์การของบุคลากรสำนักงานจัดรูปที่ดิน และจัดระบบน้ำเพื่อเกษตรกรรมที่ 9 โดยภาพรวมอยู่ในระดับมาก ภาวะหมดไฟในการทำงานของบุคลากรสำนักงานจัดรูปที่ดิน และจัดระบบน้ำเพื่อเกษตรกรรมที่ 9 โดยภาพรวมอยู่ในระดับน้อย ตัวแปรคุณภาพชีวิตการทำงานสามารถร่วมกันทำนายภาวะหมดไฟในการทำงานของบุคลากรสำนักงานจัดรูปที่ดิน และจัดระบบน้ำเพื่อเกษตรกรรมที่ 9 ได้ร้อยละ 37.90 (R2Adj=.379) เมื่อพิจารณาองค์ประกอบย่อยของตัวแปรคุณภาพชีวิตการทำงาน พบว่า การได้รับการยอมรับจากเพื่อนร่วมงาน (β=-.437) และค่าตอบแทนที่เพียงพอและยุติธรรม (β=-.407) มีอิทธิพลทางลบต่อภาวะหมดไฟในการทำงาน ส่วนโอกาสความก้าวหน้าและพัฒนาความสามารถ (β=.363) และความสมดุลระหว่างภาระงานกับชีวิตส่วนตัว (β=.265) มีอิทธิพลทางบวกต่อภาวะหมดไฟในการทำงาน (3) ตัวแปรคุณภาพชีวิตการทำงาน สามารถร่วมกันทำนายความผูกพันต่อองค์การของบุคลากรสำนักงานจัดรูปที่ดิน และจัดระบบน้ำเพื่อเกษตรกรรมที่ 9 ได้ร้อยละ 82.80 (R2Adj=.828) เมื่อพิจารณาองค์ประกอบย่อยของตัวแปรคุณภาพชีวิตการทำงาน พบว่า ตัวแปรที่มีค่าสัมประสิทธิ์การถดถอยสูงที่สุด ได้แก่ ด้านสิทธิส่วนบุคคลในสถานที่ทำงาน (β=.414) รองลงมาคือ ด้านความก้าวหน้าและความมั่นคงในงาน (β=.400) ด้านความเป็นประโยชน์ต่อสังคม (β=.255) ด้านสภาพแวดล้อมการทำงานที่สะดวกและปลอดภัย (β=.141) และด้านค่าตอบแทนที่เพียงพอและยุติธรรม (β=.127) (4) ตัวแปรความผูกพันต่อองค์การ สามารถทำนายภาวะหมดไฟในการทำงานของบุคลากรสำนักงานจัดรูปที่ดิน และจัดระบบน้ำเพื่อเกษตรกรรมที่ 9 ได้ร้อยละ 25.80 (R2Adj=.258) เมื่อพิจารณาองค์ประกอบย่อยของตัวแปรความผูกพันต่อองค์การ พบว่า ตัวแปรที่มีค่าสัมประสิทธิ์การถดถอยสูงที่สุด ได้แก่ ด้านความปรารถนาอย่างแรงกล้าที่จะคงไว้ซึ่งความเป็นสมาชิกภาพขององค์กร (β=-.486) ยกเว้นด้านความเชื่อมั่นอย่างแรงกล้าและการยอมรับเป้าหมายและค่านิยมขององค์กร และด้านความเต็มใจที่จะทุ่มเทความพยายามอย่างมากเพื่อประโยชน์ขององค์กร สรุปผล: การศึกษานี้เน้นย้ำถึงความสำคัญของระดับความเหนื่อยหน่ายของพนักงานที่ได้รับอิทธิพลจากคุณภาพชีวิตการทำงานและความมุ่งมั่นขององค์กร องค์กรสามารถปรับปรุงความเป็นอยู่ที่ดีของพนักงานและลดอันตรายจากความเหนื่อยหน่ายโดยให้ความสำคัญกับองค์ประกอบต่างๆ เช่น โอกาสในการเลื่อนตำแหน่ง ค่าตอบแทนที่ยุติธรรม และวัฒนธรรมการทำงานและสภาพแวดล้อมที่สนับสนุน ผลลัพธ์เหล่านี้เน้นย้ำถึงความสำคัญของการดำเนินการป้องกันเพื่อจัดการกับตัวแปรในที่ทำงานที่นำไปสู่ความเหนื่อยหน่าย ซึ่งในที่สุดจะส่งเสริมพนักงานที่แข็งแกร่งและมีประสิทธิภาพมากขึ้น

Krupa, Michał. "Notki recenzyjne." Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 10 (December 11, 2019): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2016.131.

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Pamiętniki i relacje w zbiorach rękopiśmiennych BN (wydanie drugie poprawione i rozszerzone), oprac. Danuta Kamolowa przy współudziale Teresy Sieniateckiej, Warszawa: Biblioteka Narodowa, 2015, 539, [1] s., [26] k. tabl.: il., ISBN 978-83-7009-623-6 – Katarzyna Seroka [397-398] Anna Kocot, Artyści „czarnej sztuki”. Typografia druków Floriana Unglera i Macieja Wirzbięty, Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 2015, ss. 416, ISBN/ISSN 978-83-76384-60-3 – Anna Kamler [398-403] Justyna Kiliańczyk-Zięba, Sygnety drukarskie w Rzeczypospolitej XVI wieku: źródła ikonografi czne i treści ideowe, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Naukowego „SocietasVistulana”, 2015, ss. 342, [1]: il., ISBN 978-83-61033-89-9 – Katarzyna Seroka [403-405] Catalogue of books from the Library of Sigismund II Augustus, King of Poland, in the collection of the National Library of Russia in Saint Petersburg, ed. by Maria I. Tkachenko, Maria Brynda, National Library of Poland (Warsaw), National Library of Russia (Saint Petersburg),Warsaw: National Library of Poland, 2015, 198 [1] s., [21] s. tabl., ISBN 978-83-7009-621-2 – Karolina Figaszewska [405-406] Joanna Matyasik, Polonika XVI-XVII w. ze zbiorów Wojewódzkiej i Miejskiej Biblioteki Publicznej w Bydgoszczy. Katalog, Bydgoszcz: Wojewódzka i Miejska Biblioteka Publiczna im. Dr. Witolda Bełzy, 2015, ss. 345, ISBN 978-83-85979-21-0; 978-83-62545-86-5 – Agnieszka Chamera-Nowak [406-409] Polski wkład w przyrodoznawstwo i technikę: słownik polskich i związanych z Polską odkrywców, wynalazców oraz pionierów nauk matematycznoprzyrodniczych i techniki, t. 1-4, red. nauk. Bolesław Orłowski, Warszawa: Instytut Historii Nauki im. Ludwika i Aleksandra Birkenmajerów Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, 2015, t. 1 ss. 521, t. 2 ss. 437, t. 3 ss. 511, t. 4 ss. 543, ISBN 978-83-8606-229-4; 978-83-8606-228-7; 978-83-7629-829-0; 978-83-7629-828-3; 978-83-7545-569-4; 978-83-7545-570-0 – Sarah Skumanov [409-410]

Bawa, Fathi Hassan. "Adsorption of CO2 Molecule on the (MgO)9 and (CaO)9 Nanoclusters; A Theoretical Study." International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology 4, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17950/ijset/v4s4/408.

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Balbinot Jr., A. A., N. G. Fleck, D. Agostinetto, M. A. Rizzardi, A. Merotto Jr., and R. A. Vidal. "Velocidade de emergência e crescimento inicial de cultivares de arroz irrigado influenciando a competitividade com as plantas daninhas." Planta Daninha 19, no. 3 (December 2001): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582001000300001.

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A utilização de cultivares de arroz com elevada habilidade competitiva constitui-se numa alternativa para minimizar os efeitos adversos das plantas daninhas sobre a produção das culturas; assim, a rapidez de emergência e a de crescimento inicial são características fisiológicas desejáveis, que aceleram a ocupação do espaço e a utilização dos recursos do meio por um cultivar, reduzindo dessa forma os efeitos competitivos das plantas daninhas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de investigar variações nas velocidades de emergência e de crescimento inicial de plantas de diferentes cultivares de arroz irrigado. Para isso, foram conduzidos dois experimentos em vasos durante o verão de 1999/2000. Os cultivares avaliados foram: Bluebelle, BR IRGA 410, BRS Chuí, BRS Ligerinho, BRS Taim, CICA 8, EEA 406, El Paso L 144, EPAGRI 108, IAS 12-9 Formosa, IR 841, IRGA 417, IRGA 418, IRGA 421 e XL 6. Avaliou-se a velocidade de emergência até os 10 dias após a semeadura (DAS). A velocidade de crescimento inicial foi caracterizada pelas variáveis área foliar, estádio de desenvolvimento, estatura e fitomassa seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, determinadas em duas épocas: aos 14 e 24 DAS. Os cultivares Ligeirinho e IR 841 foram os que mais se destacaram quanto à velocidade de emergência; em contrapartida, os cultivares Formosa e XL 6 demonstraram lenta emergência. Considerando conjuntamente as quatro variáveis relativas ao crescimento inicial de plantas, os cultivares de maior destaque para crescimento inicial mais rápido na primeira avaliação (14 DAS) foram Ligeirinho, El Paso e IRGA 418, enquanto Formosa, Bluebelle e XL 6 foram os de menor crescimento. Na segunda determinação (24 DAS), posicionaram-se em destaque Chuí, El Paso e Ligeirinho, enquanto IR 841 e Formosa apresentaram os piores desempenhos em variáveis de crescimento inicial.

Honoré, Tony. "VI. Eutropius' Lawyer (396 - 9) and other Quaestors of Arcadius (394-408)." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Romanistische Abteilung 112, no. 1 (August 1, 1995): 172–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgra.1995.112.1.172.

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Yang, Chien-Chung, Chih-Chung Lin, Mei-Jie Jou, Li-Der Hsiao та Chuen-Mao Yang. "RTA 408 Inhibits Interleukin-1β-Induced MMP-9 Expression via Suppressing Protein Kinase-Dependent NF-κB and AP-1 Activation in Rat Brain Astrocytes". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, № 11 (10 червня 2019): 2826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112826.

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Neuroinflammation is characterized by the elevated expression of various inflammatory proteins, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), induced by various pro-inflammatory mediators, which play a critical role in neurodegenerative disorders. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been shown to induce the upregulation of MMP-9 through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX)-reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent signaling pathways. N-(2-cyano-3,12-dioxo-28-noroleana-1,9(11)-dien-17-yl)-2-2-difluoropropanamide (RTA 408), a novel synthetic triterpenoid, has been shown to possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in various types of cells. Here, we evaluated the effects of RTA 408 on IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses by suppressing MMP-9 expression in a rat brain astrocyte (RBA-1) line. IL-1β-induced MMP-9 protein and mRNA expression, and promoter activity were attenuated by RTA 408. The increased level of ROS generation in RBA-1 cells exposed to IL-1β was attenuated by RTA 408, as determined by using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and CellROX. In addition, the inhibitory effects of RTA 408 on MMP-9 expression resulted from the suppression of the IL-1β-stimulated activation of Pyk2 (proline-rich tyrosine kinase), platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ), Akt, ROS, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Pretreatment with RTA 408 attenuated the IL-1β-induced c-Jun phosphorylation, mRNA expression, and promoter activity. IL-1β-stimulated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation, translocation, and promoter activity were also attenuated by RTA 408. Furthermore, IL-1β-induced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) protein and mRNA expression, and cell migration were attenuated by pretreatment with RTA 408. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms by which RTA 408 attenuates IL-1β-mediated inflammatory responses and exerts beneficial effects for the management of brain diseases.

Kyriazakis, I., and J. D. Oldham. "Diet selection in sheep: the ability of growing lambs to select a diet that meets their crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25) requirements." British Journal of Nutrition 69, no. 3 (May 1993): 617–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19930064.

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To test the proposition that sheep are able to select a diet that meets their crude protein (N × 6.25; CP) requirements, feeds L, A, B, C and H with the same energy content (11 MJ metabolizable energy/kg feed) but different CP contents (78, 109, 141, 172 and 235 g CP/kg fresh feed respectively) were formulated. In addition, feed U, which was feed L plus 21.4 g urea/kg (CP content 132 g/kg), was also made. The feeds were offered ad lib. either singly (n 4 per treatment) or as a choice between feed H and another feed (pairs LH, AH, BH, CH and UH; n 9 per feed pair) to individually penned Suffolk × Scottish mule wether lambs, over the live-weight range 25–45 kg. On the single feeds the rates of live-weight gain were 273, 326, 412, 418, 396 and 407 g/day (SE of difference (SED) 34; P < 0.01) and protein (excluding wool) gain were 27, 32, 44, 45, 41 and 39 g/d (SED 4; P < 0.001) for feeds L, A, B, C, H and U respectively. When sheep were given a choice between a feed below (L or A) and a feed above their CP requirements (H; as judged by the single-feeding treatments) the CP concentration selected was not different between the two pairs: 131 (SE 4) v. 133 (SE 4) g CP/kg feed for pairs LH and AH respectively. On the choices BH and CH (a choice between two feeds above requirements) the feed lower in CP was constantly preferred (874 (SE 33) and 910 (SE 33) g feed B and C respectively per kg total feed intake; CP selected was 157 and 178 g CP/kg respectively). However, this was not the case with the UH choice on which sheep consumed only 599 (SE 61) g feed U/kg total feed intake, resulting in a selection of a higher CP in their diet (173 g CP/kg). The live-weight gains of the animals given a choice between two feeds were 416, 387, 415, 410 and 383 g/d (SED 37) and protein gains were 45, 40, 46, 50 and 43 (SE 7) for pairs LH, AH, BH, CH and UH respectively, which were comparable with the best performance achieved on a single feed. The results suggest that sheep were able to select a diet that meets their CP requirements and avoid, at least to a certain extent, excess of protein intake. It is also possible that sheep discriminate against a property of feed U, such as an excess of urea, when this feed is paired with a feed high in CP.

Asgeirsdottir, Bryndis Bjork, Gudrun Ingolfsdottir, and Inga Dora Sigfusdottir. "Erratum to ‘Body image trends among Icelandic adolescents: A cross-sectional national study from 1997 to 2010’ [Body Image 9 (2012) 404–408]." Body Image 10, no. 4 (September 2013): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.06.006.

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VAN NUFFELEN, PETER. "Palladius and the Johannite Schism." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 64, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046912000772.

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The ‘Dialogue on the life of John Chrysostom’, published by Palladius of Helenopolis c. 408–9, is a key source for the history of the Church at the beginning of the fifth century. This paper argues that the history of the Johannite schism provides the background against which to understand the scope and nature of this work. It questions the received chronology of Palladius’ later life and shows that he is not so much a hard-core supporter of John who refused all contact with the official Church, as someone who could envisage the followers of John accepting an offer of amnesty in 408/409 and reintegrating into the Church. The dialogue is a strategic work that accepts that after the death of John (407) the Johannites can only bank on the support of Rome to improve their situation. As a consequence its trustworthiness cannot be accepted at face value.

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Дисертації з теми "418.401 9":

Haubrichs, Wolfgang, and Hans-Werner Goetz. "Namenentwicklung und Namengebung in Ober- und Unterschichten des frühen 9. Jahrhunderts in der Île-de France." Deutsche Gesellschaft für Namenforschung (GfN), 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A13552.

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Development of Names and Name-Giving in Upper and Lower Classes in Early Ninth-Century Île-de-France. – This onomastic article about names and name giving intends to demonstrate possible cooperations between philologists and historians. The rich material of personal names in the polyptych of Saint-Germain-des-Prés near Paris from the early ninth century, on the one hand, allows an interesting philological analysis of the morphology, phonetics and lexicology of names in a region of previously intensive ‘Germanic’ and Gallo-Roman acculturation. On the other hand, it permits an analysis of different motives of name giving, particularly the familial transmission of names or of their elements to the children as well as the use of Christian names. It is further interesting to compare these peasant names with those of the upper classes. As a kind of test drilling, this article is based on an analysis of four fisci of the polyptych (Palaiseau, Villemeux, Villeneuve, Béconcelle), compared with the names of monks, donors and witnesses of the same period and region. Considering the processes that a language runs through in a situation of continuous bilinguism, the names reveal a broad spectrum of Romanization (phonetic and morphological assimilation) as well as of hybrid names with Germanic and Romance elements or suffixes, as far as forming new name elements by an etymologically ‘false’ segmentation. Although this development is generally observed in all social classes, certain phenomena, such as spirantization of stops, coupling Romance suffixes with Germanic elements, or the formation of names by constructing new elements, are much more common among the peasants. Concerning name giving, the whole spectrum of traditional forms of ‘inheriting’ the whole name of one parent or one element of both the paternal or maternal name (‘variation’), in various combinations, seems to be complemented by further forms, such as alliteration or ‘rhyme’, but also by using different, and new, kinds of variation, namely either slight phonetical variations of the same name or by using different, but phonetically similar lemmata. The ‘Romanized’ forms as a linguistic development are frequently integrated into this ‘system’ of name giving in order to differentiate between the namebearers. While a ‘Romanization’ of non- Romance names is well under way, the ‘Christianization’ of names is still in its initial stages. In the Paris area, ‘Christian’, particularly biblical names are more common among monks and clerics than among peasants, who, however, use the whole spectrum (biblical, ‘talking names’, names composed with Crist-, names of saints), frequently prefer variations of biblical names and combine them with other elements. From a functional and pragmatic perspective, Romance and Christian names are used like and adapted to names of etymologically Germanic origin, while the linguistic principles of name-formation are maintained and the Romance and Germanic onomastic morphology still coexist.

Giedraitis, Vilmantas. "Candidate gene analyses and genome-wide screens in multiple sclerosis /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-408-9/.

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Albåge, Anders. "Surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation : clinical, hormonal and electrophysiological aspects of the Maze operation /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-411-9/.

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Haubrichs, Wolfgang, and Hans-Werner Goetz. "Namenentwicklung und Namengebung in Ober- und Unterschichten des frühen 9. Jahrhunderts in der Île-de France." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-179746.

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Poyet, Pierre. "Les reflux vésico-urétéraux en transplantation rénale : A propos de 9 reflux concernant 408 transplantations." Saint-Etienne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STET6217.

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Johansson, Sofie. "Hållbarhetsstudier av cancerassocierat antigen 15–3, 19–9 och 125 i primärrör." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95601.

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Cancerassocierade antigen (CA) används vid diagnostisering, prognosbestämning och för att följa behandling vid cancer. Exempel på CA är CA 15–3, CA 19–9 och CA 125. Syftet med arbetet var att undersöka hållbarheten för blodprover förvarade i primärrör som skulle analyseras för CA 15–3, CA 19–9 och CA 125 och jämföra med nuvarande metod på klinisk kemi, Oskarshamn, Region Kalmar län. Enligt nuvarande metod överförs plasman till nya provrör innan analys. Metoden som användes var att dubbelprov togs och det ena förvarades i primärrör och analyserades på Roche Cobas 411® tre, fem och tio dagar efter provtagning. Det andra provet överfördes till nytt provrör inför analys. Den procentuella skillnaden mellan analys av CA i primärrör och överfört prov beräknades. För alla tre analyserna var den procentuella skillnaden störst hos de lägsta koncentrationerna av CA. Medelvärde för analyserna av CA, standardavvikelse (SD) och variationskoefficient beräknades. SD för CA jämfördes mot kontrollerna MAS Omni Immune Pro 1 och MAS Omni Immune Pro 3s SD. Provernas SD var mindre för kontrollerna förutom för CA 19–9 >1100 kIE/L. I den gruppen analyserades dock för få analyser för att utföra statistisk analys och gav därmed ingen slutsats hur CA 19–9 påverkades av de olika förvaringarna. För övriga analyser och för CA 19–9 i lägre koncentrationer kunde slutsatsen dras att prover kunde förvaras i primärrör i tio dagar utan att analysresultatet påverkades.
Cancer-associated antigens (CA) are used for diagnosis, establish prognosis and to monitor treatment of cancer. Three CA are CA 15-3, CA 19-9 and CA 125. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of CA 15-3, CA 19-9 and CA 125 blood samples in primary tubes coated with Litium-heparin gel and compare the results with the method used at Klinisk Kemi Oskarshamn, Region Kalmar where the samples today are transferred to new tubes before analysis. In this study two samples were collected from each patient, one was stored and analyzed according to the current method. The other sample was stored in the primary tube and analyzed three, five and ten days after collection. Roche Cobas 411 instrument was used for analysis. The mean value for the samples in primary tubes was compared to the current method and were calculated in percent. The difference was more distinct when the concentration of the analyte was low. The mean value, standard deviation (SD) and variation coefficient were calculated for each analyte. The SD of the samples were compared to the SD of the controls IM 1 and IM3. All the obtained SD from the samples were lower than the control SD, except for CA 19-9 > 1100 kIE/L. Unfortunately, there were only three test results in the concentration interval and therefore no statistic conclusion could be made. The conclusion for the other analytes CA 15-3, CA 125 and CA 19-9 in lower concentrations was that the storage in primary tubed up to ten days did not affect the test results.

Harris, Iesiah M. "Clinical Presentation of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Does Age Make a Difference? Implications for Emergency Nursing." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1154209026.

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Dajani, Dani. "Einfluss der atrialen Überstimulation mit zwei Frequenzen auf nächtliche Atemstörungen." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-EFD1-9.

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Wünsche, Christoph. "Effekt von Amiodaron auf periphere Parameter der Schilddrüsenhormonaktivität bei kardiologischen Patienten mit AICD." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B1CA-9.

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Reiner, Christian. "Die prognostische Bedeutung der Adipozytokine Leptin und Adiponectin bei der akuten Lungenembolie." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B262-9.

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Hintergrund: Leptin ist ein unabhängiger kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktor und scheint prothrombotische Effekte zu besitzten. Adiponectin hingegen scheint vor Thrombosen zu schützen. Wir untersuchten deswegen die Bedeutung dieser beiden Adipozytokine bei Patienten mit einer akuten Lungenembolie. Durchführung: Im Rahmen einer prospektiven Fall-Kontroll-Studie schlossen wir zwischen 2003 und 2006 97 Patienten mit gesichterter Lungenembolie und 40 Patienten mit dem Ausschluß einer Lungenembolie ein. Die Lungenembolie-Patienten wurden bezüglich eines komplizierten Verlaufs innerhalb der ersten 30 Tage nach dem Ereignis (Tod, Katecholaminebedarf, Reanimation, Intubation, Hypotonie) sowie bezüglich des Langzeit-Überlebens beobachtet. Ergebnisse: Bei Patienten mit Lungenembolie ist ein höherer Leptinspiegel ein prognostischer Parameter für eine niedrigere 30-Tages-Komplikationsrate und ein besseres Langzeit-Überleben. Patienten mit einer Lungenembolie weisen signifikant höhere Adiponectinwerte als Patienten ohne Lungenembolie auf. Eine prognostische Bedeutung hat Adiponectin bei Patienten mit einer Lungenembolie nicht. Schlußfolgerung: Niedrige Leptinspiegel sind bei Patienten mit einer akuten Lungenembolie ein unabhängiger prognostischer Parameter für einen komplizierten 30-Tages-Verlauf und eine erhöhte Mortalität im Langzeit-Verlauf. Lungenembolie-Patienten weisen eine Hyperoadiponectinämie auf, dies könnten Ausdruck einer kardialen Sekretion und Wirkung des Asiponectins infolge der Lungenembolie sein.

Книги з теми "418.401 9":

Klein, Horst. Behelfsheim 408/9: Als Barackenkind in einer nachkriegsdeutschen Kleinstadt. Hamburg: disserta Verlag, 2015.

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Вєтров, Р. І. Ліквідація багатопартійності в Україні (1920-1925 рр.). Дніпропетровськ; Дніпродзержинськ: ДДГУ, 2007.

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Вєтров, Р. І. Ліквідація багатопартійності в Україні (1920-1925 рр.). Дніпропетровськ; Дніпродзержинськ: ДДГУ, 2007.

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Лук"яненко, Л. Що далі? Лондон [та ін.]: Українська Центральна Інформаційна Служба, 1989.

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Андрос, О. Є. Тут побували люди. Київ: LAT&K, 2009.

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Земляна, Г. І. Проза Миколи Чернявського : питання типології, жанрово-наративна система. Київ: Інформаційно-аналітичне агентство, 2008.

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Finance, United States Congress Senate Committee on. 1985 tax reform: Hearing before the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, on S. 409, S. 411, and S. 1006, May 9, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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Smith, Robert B. Multilevel Modeling of Social Problems. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9855-9.

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Machado, J. A. Tenreiro, Albert C. J. Luo, Ramiro S. Barbosa, Manuel F. Silva, and Lino B. Figueiredo, eds. Nonlinear Science and Complexity. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9884-9.

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Biswas-Diener, Robert, ed. Positive Psychology as Social Change. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9938-9.

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Частини книг з теми "418.401 9":

Barrel, Jeremie, and Eugene Stytsenko. "Fabrication of Bi₃NbTiO₉ Thick Films by Air Flow Deposition." In Key Engineering Materials, 165–68. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.165.

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Lin, Hui Xing, Xiang Yu Zhao, Ai Min Yang, Hua Xin Li, Wei Chen, and Lan Luo. "The Microwave Characteristics of Glass-Ba₂Ti₉O₂₀ Ceramics." In Key Engineering Materials, 262–64. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.262.

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Sawada, Takuya, Hirozumi Ogawa, Masahiko Kimura, Kosuke Shiratsuyu, and Akira Ando. "Piezoelectric Properties in Textured Ceramics of SrBi₂Nb₂O₉." In Electroceramics in Japan IX, 15–18. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-411-1.15.

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Su, Na, Zi Long Tang, and Zhong Tai Zhang. "Luminescent Properties of Sr₂B₅O₉Cl Phosphor Doped with Eu." In Key Engineering Materials, 625–28. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.625.

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Copley, Richard R., and Robert B. Russell. "Getting the Most from Your Protein Sequence." In Protein Sequencing Protocols, 411–30. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-342-9:411.

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Inai, Shinya, Yuji Hiruma, Rintaro Aoyagi, Hajime Nagata, and Tadashi Takenaka. "Electrical Properties of Grain-Oriented SrBi₂Nb_2-xV_xO₉ Ceramics." In Electroceramics in Japan IX, 31–34. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-411-1.31.

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Chen, Kan Song, Hao Shuang Gu, Li Xu, and Zhen Xing Chen. "Large Nonlinear Optical Property of SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ Thin Films Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering." In Key Engineering Materials, 558–60. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.558.

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Diao, Chien Chen, Cheng Fu Yang, Chao Chin Chan, and Cheng Yuan Kung. "Preparation of Bi-Layered SrBi₂Ta_2-xV_xO₉ Ceramics (0.1 ≦ x ≦ 0.4)." In Key Engineering Materials, 192–95. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.192.

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Wang, Wen, Ke Yu, Hua Ke, Hai Jun Niu, De Chang Jia, and Yu Zhou. "Fabrication and Properties of SrBi₂(Ta_1-xNb_x)₂O₉ Ferroelectric Ceramics." In Key Engineering Materials, 143–45. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.143.

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Chung, Ho Hua, Cheng Fu Yang, Yi Chang Chung, and Cheng Yuan Kung. "Sintering and Dielectric Properties of Excess Bi₂O₃ Doped BaBi₂Nb₂O₉ Ceramics." In Key Engineering Materials, 188–91. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.188.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "418.401 9":

Šalig, Sanela, Ana Tripalo Batoš, Jasna Čepin Bogović, Vlasta Đuranović, Oleg Jadrešin, and Ivan Pavić. "410 Inflammatory lung disease in rett syndrome." In 10th Europaediatrics Congress, Zagreb, Croatia, 7–9 October 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-europaediatrics.410.

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Barišić, N., I. Lehman, B. Bunoza, D. Chudy, V. Duranović, B. Jernej, U. Ahting, T. Haack, H. Prokisch, and M. Willemsen. "408 Hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders – in pediatric clinical practice." In 10th Europaediatrics Congress, Zagreb, Croatia, 7–9 October 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-europaediatrics.408.

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Christova, Rossitza, Kevin Petrie, Nidhi Bansal, Boris Leibovitch, Louise Howell, Veronica Gil, Ming-Ming Zhou, et al. "Abstract 411: Targeted PF1, JARID1B inhibition induces epigenetic reprogramming in triple negative breast cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-411.

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Pavić, Ivan, Marta Navratil, Maja Bosanac, Jadranka Sekelj Fureš, Irena Ivković Jureković, and Iva Hojsak. "411 The role of combined multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring in infants with BRUE (brief, resolved, unexplained event)." In 10th Europaediatrics Congress, Zagreb, Croatia, 7–9 October 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-europaediatrics.411.

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Shen, Zheng, and Lan Zong. "The Experimental Research on the Material Properties and Road Performance of Fly Ash Blended with Stabilizing Agent JNS-2." In GeoHunan International Conference 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/47629(408)9.

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Zhang, Jianwei, Liu Hanlong, and Gui Yang. "A Simplified Method for Calculating Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Cast-in-Place Concrete Pipe Pile with Large Diameter in Sandy Soil." In GeoHunan International Conference 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/47631(410)9.

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Yang, Junsheng, Haibo Hu, and Feng Yang. "Performance of a Shallow Footing Foundation Bridge Due to Interaction of Tunneling and Ground Fissures in Loess Soil Stratum." In GeoHunan International Conference 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/47632(411)9.

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Cabang, April B., Yuan Fang, Jay Morris, and Michael J. Wargovich. "Abstract 410: Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation by modulating epigenetic enzymes (DNMTs, HDACs, and HATs)." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-410.

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Gangalum, Pallavi R., Alexander V. Ljubimov, Alexandra Chesnokova, Bindu Konda, Hui Ding, Jose Portilla-Arias, Adam Mamelak та ін. "Abstract 2692: Nanoconjugates for inhibition of laminin-411-integrin β1-Dll4-Notch1 pathway to treat glioblastoma multiforme". У Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-2692.

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Mar’iyah, Chusnul. "Legitimacy Conflicts in Indonesian Democracy: The Awakening of Civil and Political Islam in Post 411 and 212." In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Democracy and Social Transformation, ICON-DEMOST 2021, September 15, 2021, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.15-9-2021.2315595.

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หนูจักร, ธรรมนูญ, та อมร เพชรสม. การพัฒนาวิธีการวิเคราะห์และการหาปริมาณแคปไซซินและไดไฮโดรแคปไซซิน ในผลิตภัณฑ์พริกและอาหารรสเผ็ด : รายงานการวิจัยฉบับสมบูรณ์ ปีที่ 3 (ต.ค. 2551 ถึง ก.ย. 2552) ( Development of analytical methods and determination of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in chili products and hot spicy food). จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2009.1.

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ได้ประยุกต์วิธีการเตรียมตัวอย่างและเทคนิคไมเซลลาร์อิเล็กโทรไคเนทิกโครมาโทกราฟี (MEKC) ที่พัฒนาขึ้นในงานวิจัยก่อนหน้านี้ สำหรับการวิเคราะห์ปริมาณแคปไซซินอยด์ (CAPs) ในตัวอย่างจริงที่เป็นซอสพริกและเครื่องแกงสำเร็จรูป เมื่อใช้การทดสอบทางสถิติด้วยวิธี paired t-test ที่ระดับความเชื่อมั่น 95 % พบว่าปริมาณของ CAPs ในซอสพริก 9 ตัวอย่างที่วิเคราะห์ได้ด้วยเทคนิค MEKC และ HPLC ไม่มีความแตกต่างอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ จากการวิเคราะห์ด้วย MEKC ปริมาณ CAPs ที่พบในซอสพริก 22 ตัวอย่าง อยู่ในช่วง 13 ถึง 262 ppm และปริมาณ CAPs ในเครื่องแกงสำเร็จรูป 5 ตัวอย่าง อยู่ในช่วง 41 ถึง 140 ppm โดยที่ซอสพริก 7 ตัวอย่าง และเครื่องแกงสำเร็จรูป 4 ตัวอย่าง มีปริมาณ CAPs มากกว่า 50 ppm (mg/kg) ซึ่งเป็นปริมาณจำกัดที่สหภาพยุโรป แนะนำ ในอาหารเผ็ดจัด นอกจากนี้ปริมาณ CAPs ที่วิเคราะห์ได้จากต่างยี่ห้อกันไม่มีความสัมพันธ์กับปริมาณพริกและระดับความเผ็ดที่ระบุไว้ ดังนั้น MEKC และวิธีการเตรียมตัวอย่างที่พัฒนาขึ้นนี้จึงเป็นอีกทางเลือกหนึ่งของการวิเคราะห์ปริมาณ CAPs เพื่อควบคุมคุณภาพของผลิตภัณฑ์และเป็นข้อมูลความปลอดภัยของผู้บริโภคได้

Crouch. L51747 Assessment of NDT Needs for Pipeline Integrity Assurance II. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010612.

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This project was done to reassess the industry's perceptions of NDT needs and to recommend areas of research pertinent to those needs. The project included two survey questionnaires-one sent to 41 pipeline operating companies, yielding 31 responses, and the other sent to 10 inspection vendors with 9 responses. The surveys covered pipeline integrity issues, NDT technologies, and the perceptions of both operators and vendors regarding the need for new or improved inspection capabilities. The survey responses showed the four most important pipeline integrity issues to be (in order of priority):CorrosionCoating failureMechanical damage (third-party damage)Stress-corrosion crackingWhile acknowledging that some improvements could be made, the industry expressed general satisfaction with current in-line inspection (ILI) systems except for the crack pig, which they said needs significant improvement and which they feel is too expensive for use except in critical applications. They had similar opinions of the cost of the mapping pig, though to a lesser degree than for the crack pig. A question regarding conventional versus high-resolution corrosion inspection drew the response that although high-resolution tools are recognized for superior performance, there will always be a need for both classes of tools.

Шелевицький, Ігор Володимирович, Роман Дубан, Владислав Головко, Ольга Новікова та Наталія Коров'яцька. Розроблення прототипу міської інформаційної системи «Первинна медична допомога» - МІС ПМД. Криворізький педагогічний інститут ДВНЗ "Криворізький національний університет", 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/291.

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Звіт про НДР: 56 с., 41 рис., 43 табл., 2 додатки, 11 джерел. Об`єкт дослідження – інформаційні системи в медицині. Мета роботи – визначення з допомогою прототипу головних функцій та загальної структури міської інформаційної системи первинної медичної допомоги. Метод дослідження – системний аналіз процесів надання первинної медико-санітарної допомоги та створення прототипу інформаційної системи. На даний час в Україні відсутні національні чи регіональні системи ведення електронних медичних карток що дозволили б відмовитися від паперових. Передбачене в плані реформ медичної галузі програмне забезпечення не розроблене і не впроваджене. З реформуванням системи медичної допомоги у місті створено 7 Центрів первинної медико-санітарної допомоги, до складу яких включено 24 амбулаторії та 11 кабінетів лікарів загальної практики (420 сімейних лікарів). Населення Кривого Рогу, що потенційно потребує медичної допомоги, нараховує 700 тисяч. Тобто, один лікар надає допомогу приблизно 1700 громадянам. За 2011 рік у місті здійснено: 6781811 відвідувань поліклінік та 490260 відвідувань лікарями хворих удома. Тобто прогнозований річний обсяг звернень до сімейних лікарів складає 7 мільйонів (в середньому 10 звернень кожного мешканця). Прийнявши річний фонд робочого часу у 2000 год. середня завантаженість сімейного лікаря складе біля 9 відвідувань на годину. Тобто, середній час спілкування з пацієнтом становитиме 5-7 хвилин. Значну частину непродуктивних витрат часу лікаря складає робота із паперовою документацією. Знаходження та розшифровування необхідних медичних записів, повторне збирання анамнезу, записування до картки, виписування направлень й інших документів. Непродуктивні витрати часу складають до 2/3 часу прийому пацієнта. В результаті проведених досліджень побудовано функціональну модель прототипу ІС, розроблено архітектуру ІС, встановлено та налаштовано необхідне на етапі розробки прототипу обладнання, розроблені ескізи інтерфейсів користувачів. Результати НДР упроваджені в діяльність комунальної установи «Центр первинної медико-санітарної допомоги №4» Криворізької міської ради. Прогнозні припущення щодо розвитку об`єкта дослідження – впровадження програмної частини прототипу інформаційної системи, реалізація інформаційної системи у повному обсязі, покращення експлуатаційних характеристик та поширення ІС на місто.

Ward, Kimiora. Sierra Nevada Network high elevation white pine monitoring: 2021 annual report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302327.

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Five-needle white pines (Family Pinaceae, Genus Pinus, Subgenus Strobus), and in particular whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), limber pine (P. flexilis), and foxtail pine (P. balfouriana) are foundation species in upper subalpine and treeline forests of several National Park Service Pacific West Region parks, including Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) and Yosemite National Park (YOSE). The Sierra Nevada Network Inventory & Monitoring Program, in collaboration with the Klamath Network, Upper Columbia Basin Network, and Mojave Desert Network have implemented a joint long-term monitoring protocol to assess the current status and future trends in high elevation white pine communities. Key demographic parameters within white pine forest communities will be estimated by monitoring individual trees within permanent plots through time. This report documents the results of the 2021 field season, which was the eighth year of monitoring in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) and Yosemite National Park (YOSE). The 2021 goal was to complete the third full re-measure of the second of three rotating panels (Panel 2) for each species-park population: YOSE-whitebark pine, SEKI-whitebark pine, and SEKI-foxtail pine. Each panel consists of 12 permanent 50 x 50 m (2,500 m2) plots that were randomly selected for each of the three populations. The full sampling array thus includes a total of 36 whitebark pine plots in YOSE, 36 whitebark pine plots in SEKI, and 36 foxtail pine plots in SEKI. Data from plot surveys will be used to characterize white pine forest community dynamics in SEKI and YOSE, including changes in tree species composition, forest structure, forest health, and demographics. The first full measure of all Panel 2 plots was completed over two years in 2013-2014, then a full remeasure of both parks? whitebark pine Panel 2 was conducted in 2016, with 10 of 12 SEKI-foxtail plots sampled that year. A third remeasure of all Panel 2 plots was not possible in 2021 because a smaller crew size was necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, the crew visited 37 sites, and sampled 31, during the 2021 field season. One plot in the YOSE whitebark pine frame was uninstalled before reading and one plot in the SEKI whitebark pine frame was uninstalled after reading, both for safety concerns. Four plots were not visited due to lack of capacity with the reduced crew size: one in each of the YOSE and SEKI whitebark frames, and three in the SEKI foxtail frame. A plot from Panel 3 in each of the parks? whitebark frames was measured, for a total of 11 plots measured in each whitebark pine frame. Nine plots were measured in the SEKI foxtail pine frame. Within the 31 plots completed, a total of 5,728 trees was measured. Species composition, forest structure, and factors affecting tree health and reproduction, including incidence and severity of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) infection, mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) infestation, dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.) infection, canopy kill, female cone production and regeneration were recorded. During the 2021 field season, crews continued to count the total number of mature cones per tree for whitebark and foxtail pine, use crown condition codes to assess crown health, and tag individual seedlings to be tracked through time. All three of these procedures started in 2017 and are to be evaluated by each of the three participating networks over several years, to determine whether they should become permanent changes to the monitoring protocol. In YOSE, 11 whitebark pine plots were re-measured, from Panels 2 and 3. A total of 2,810 trees were sampled, which included 586 live whitebark pine trees and 2,097 other live conifers. An additional 127 trees (including 17 whitebark pine) were recorded as dead. The forest crew noted little sign of white pine blister rust (WPBR) in Yosemite in 2021, and just a single inactive canker was observed on one whitebark pine in Panel 3, Plot 42, near Dana Meadows. This infection was new to plot 42, and it expands the total number of plots where white pine blister rust has been documented in Yosemite to six. The crew also noted little mountain pine beetle activity, documenting beetle galleries on 15 lodgepole pines in three Panel 2 plots. Dwarf mistletoe was not observed. The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 53 (SD = 56). This was a low cone crop year for whitebark pine, with two percent of live whitebark pine trees producing female cones. Cone bearing trees averaged 2 (SD = 1) cones per tree. Whitebark pine seedling density averaged 90 (SD = 157) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark pine seedlings found in a plot was four, and three of the eleven plots contained whitebark seedlings. In SEKI, 10 of 12 Panel 2, and one Panel 3, whitebark pine plots were re-measured. Within these plots, 1,246 live whitebark pine, 30 live foxtail pine, and 861 other live conifers were sampled. WPBR was infrequently documented in the SEKI whitebark frame as well, with indicators of infection in Plot 31 near Window Creek and Plot 44 near Upper State Lake. These were the first infections documented in these plots, bringing the number of plots where WPBR has been documented in the SEKI whitebark panel to nine. Although WPBR was documented in Plot 27 near Charlotte Dome in 2016, it was not documented this year because putative cankers showing three signs of infection in 2016 showed only two or fewer signs in 2021. Mountain pine beetle activity was observed in one live lodgepole pine and two recently dead whitebark pine, within three plots in the SEKI whitebark sample frame. An exception to the low levels of mountain pine beetle activity was outside Plot 31 in the Window Creek area, where the forest crew noted many recently dead whitebark pine with signs of beetle activity. Dwarf mistletoe was not encountered. The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 113 (SD = 86). Less than one percent of live whitebark pine trees produced female cones, each producing on average 2 (SD = 1) cones. Whitebark seedling regeneration averaged 303 (SD = 319) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark seedlings found in a plot was eight, and eight of the 11 plots contained whitebark seedlings. Nine of the 12 SEKI foxtail Panel 3 plots were remeasured. Within these plots, 413 live foxtail pine, 67 live whitebark pine, and 402 other live conifers were sampled. Ninety-two dead or recently dead trees were also documented, 65 of which were foxtail pine. No signs of blister rust infection, mistletoe, or mountain pine beetle were observed in the foxtail plots sampled. The average number of foxtail pine trees per plot was 46 (SD = 33). Fifty-four percent of the foxtail pine trees produced female cones, averaging 14 (SD =15) cones/tree. Only one foxtail pine seedling was recorded within the 9 foxtail pine plots, resulting in an estimated 14 (SD = 41) seedlings per hectare. Eight whitebark pine seedlings were also found within two plots.

Chou, Roger, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Christina Bougatsos, Benjamin J. Morasco, Rebecca Holmes, Terran Gilbreath, and Rongwei Fu. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: 2022 Update—Surveillance Report 2. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.2022updatesr2.

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Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; reference lists of included studies; and submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to October 24, 2022. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence (SOE). Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as comparable THC to CBD ratio, high-THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or a synthetic product. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square test and the I2 statistic. Magnitude of benefit was categorized as no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From a total of 3,568 abstracts, 21 RCTs (N=1,905) and 9 observational studies (N=15,079) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 60 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The SOE was low unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to 10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390, 0 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=48%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=28%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12.3% vs. 6.1%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We also found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=40%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=58%; SOE: moderate). Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months); high-THC to CBD ratio products were also associated with increased risk of withdrawal due to adverse events. Evidence for whole-plant cannabis and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.

Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.

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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.