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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "230302 International aid and development"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "230302 International aid and development"

Wenar, Leif. "Accountability in International Development Aid." Ethics & International Affairs 20, no. 1 (March 2006): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2006.00001.x.

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Concerns over aid effectiveness have led to calls for greater accountability in international development aid. This article examines the state of accountability within and between international development agencies: aid NGOs, the international financial institutions, and government aid ministries. The investigation finds that there is very little accountability in these agencies, and that the accountability that there is often works against poverty relief. Increasing accountability, however, is not always the solution: increased accountability may just amplify the complexities of development efforts. Only those reforms with real promise to make aid more effective in reducing poverty should be encouraged. One such proposal is set out here.

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Demianiuk, Olha. "International aid in financing sustainable development." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 3(89) (October 10, 2018): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2018.03.060.

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In the paper, the nature of official development assistance (ODA) viewed as a component of general international aid is considered, and mechanisms for providing aid in the context of international promotion of sustainable development are described. Also, the current world trends of providing official development assistance are highlighted, and constantly increasing amount of aid is determined. The latter demonstrates that the donor countries ensure the compliance with their international obligations related to the provision of concessional financing, and technical assistance to support the efforts that are being made by countries in the field of development. The dynamics in the amount of official development assistance is analyzed, and distribution of aid by sources of financing, regions, recipients and sectors is outlined. It is found that the largest flows of ODA go mainly to countries in Africa and Asia, and the smallest go to Europe, primarily to the education and healthcare sector, social infrastructure and economic development. It is pointed out that in Ukraine, one of the largest recipient countries of ODA in Europe, there is no holistic mechanism for analyzing the receipt, distribution and control of official development assistance viewed as an instrument of general international aid. The main challenges of mobilizing foreign assistance to Ukraine are outlined and key steps in addressing these matters are proposed. In order to promote efficient use of aid offered by foreign donors in the form of international assistance for the implementation of development programs in Ukraine, the following steps should be taken: to develop a public strategy for using international aid and a system of control for monitoring over international projects; to design a sound mechanism for analyzing the receipt, distribution and control of foreign assistance; to enhance staff performance in development, support and management of international projects in accordance with the requirements of providers of international aid; to establish a single coordinating body responsible for mobilizing international assistance. Taking these steps will increase the efficiency of using aid offered by foreign donors in the form of international assistance for the implementation of development programs and provide an opportunity to pursue sustainable development goals in Ukraine.

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Bjelic, Predrag, and Ivana Popovic-Petrovic. "Aid for development of international trade." Medjunarodni problemi 64, no. 3 (2012): 359–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1203359b.

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The development of international trade was very impressive in the second half of 20th century. But even with these great development opportunities that growth of international trade can bring the small number of developed economies had succeeded to ripe benefits from it in order to develop their economies and reduce poverty. Even with the establishment of the World Trade Organization it was apparent that developing countries need assistance in order to integrate fully in international trade system. The Aid for Trade, which is a part of Official Development Assistance focusing on trade, has an aim to help developing countries build their trade capacity and the transport infrastructure so they can use trade as a powerful engine for economic growth. This paper set out to describe this new programme of trade aid developed under the auspices of WTO, as a multilateral project, to point out the readiness of donor countries and aims of beneficiary countries. But we will explore the linkages of Aid for Trade programme with bilateral and regional aid initiatives in the area of trade.

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Schneider, Christina J., and Jennifer L. Tobin. "Portfolio Similarity and International Development Aid." International Studies Quarterly 60, no. 4 (August 22, 2016): 647–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqw037.

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NAIR, SHEILA. "Governance, Representation and International Aid." Third World Quarterly 34, no. 4 (May 2013): 630–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2013.786287.

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Highton, Nick. "Environmental economics and international aid." Journal of International Development 4, no. 2 (March 1992): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.3380040206.

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Alexander, Douglas. "Beyond aid: the future of international development." Public Policy Research 15, no. 1 (March 2008): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-540x.2008.00508.x.

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Eyben, Rosalind. "Book Review: Aid: understanding international development cooperation." Progress in Development Studies 4, no. 2 (April 2004): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146499340400400210.

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Gamso, Jonas, and Farhod Yuldashev. "Does rural development aid reduce international migration?" World Development 110 (October 2018): 268–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.05.035.

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Taniguchi, Hiromi, and Brittany Buttry-Watson. "Japanese Citizen Participation in International Development Aid." VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 25, no. 4 (June 25, 2013): 1091–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11266-013-9394-1.

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Дисертації з теми "230302 International aid and development"

Folster, Natalie. "Systemic constraints on aid policy and aid outcomes : the history of Canadian official development assistance to Tanzania." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1670/.

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This thesis examines the aid process to discover why aid so often fails. It does this through an investigation of the determinants of Canadian aid policy, the forces which have shaped the manner in which it has been implemented in Tanzania, and how this has affected the outcome of these efforts. The study examines in detail three significant policy decisions taken with respect to the Canadian aid programme in the past fifteen years: the decentralization and recentralization of aid administration 1989 - 1993; failed efforts in the DAC to further untie bilateral aid in 1999; and the termination of Canadian bilateral aid to Tanzania and the rest of East Africa in 1993. In addition, Canadian assistance in Hanang District, Tanzania between 1967 and 1999 is examined as a means to identify the numerous obstacles encountered by aid officials in the course of implementing aid agreements, and the forces which influence their decision-making process. Particular attention has been paid to the influence exerted on the Canadian aid programme as a result of its participation in international organizations like the Development Assistance Committee of the OECD and the World Bank. The study also identifies constraints on the effective use of aid resources inherent in the institutionalized processes of aid which inhibit the capacity of the Canadian International Development Agency to respond effectively to evidence of policy failure and improve aid practice. It is argued that bureaucratic processes have an enduring power to shape the policies they were designed to administer. In addition, that the institutional structure of the aid programme has made it extremely vulnerable to the pursuit of economic and political objectives which conflict with the stated purpose of Canadian ODA as an instrument for poverty alleviation in recipient countries.

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BROUSE, KIRSTEN. "Adaptive Aid in Haiti? How Aid Organizations Learn and Adapt in Fragile States." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34420.

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If we understand development as an emergent property of a complex system, then effective development assistance needs to adapt and evolve in-context. This thesis explores how learning and adaptation practices might help aid organizations apply complexity thinking to improve their effectiveness. Based on a new framework of organizational practices, this study uses a mixed methods approach to assess the extent to which 12 small and medium international aid organizations in Haiti learn and adapt. The study supports the assumption that learning and adaptation contribute to effectiveness, and finds that organizations vary significantly in their learning and adaptation practices. It finds that development organizations employ more learning practices than humanitarian assistance organizations, and that organizations are generally better at collecting information and adopting learning attitudes, than they are at establishing the structures and processes they need to be truly adaptive. The research also finds that the barriers that make learning and adaptation more difficult for organizations are largely structural and related to aid system dynamics, while organizations benefit from enablers that are largely attributed to individual agency. This thesis argues for the important role that aid organizations can, and must play in making aid more effective – at the project, organization, and aid system levels. However, the aid system itself does not encourage learning. International aid organizations will therefore need to actively engage in learning if they are to play an effective role in development, and be a meaningful part of the system-level aid effectiveness dialogue.

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Stephens, Barbara Jean. "International Development Non-Government Organisations and Partnership." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7877.

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International develoment non-government organisations (INGOs)are a recognised component of Aotearoa New Zealand society. In 2012 CID advised the Government that INGOs are the key conduit for many thousands of New Zealanders that donated over $114 million in 2011 in support of international development and disaster relief. Since the 1970s the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and TRade (MFAT) has managed the allocation of a proportion of Government Overseas Development Assistance to subsidise the money raised from the public by the INGOs. The impact of INGO involvement in development projects and programmes has received considerable academic scrutiny; however little attention has been paid to the understanding and operation of partnership within international activities . This thesis focuses on the partnership practices of New Zealand INGOs.

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Sigrist, Adam C. "International Development: Not-So-Simple Business." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1304535890.

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Yoder, Celeste J. "The Role of Aid Providers in the Development of South Sudan." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243351292.

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Moncrieff, Richard. "French development aid and the reforms of 1998-2002." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/46178/.

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This study is an analysis of the changes to the institutions and doctrines of French development aid between 1998 and 2002, and specifically the reforms announced by Prime Minister Jospin in February 1998. This includes analysis of institutional reorganisation and of new policy doctrines. The study considers the implications of these changes for the relations between France and former French colonies of sub- Saharan Africa, including detailed analysis of the aid relationship between France and Cote d’Ivoire. Using qualitative data, especially personally conducted interviews in Paris and Côte d’Ivoire and analysis of official documents, this is the first major study of these reforms that puts them into historical and theoretical perspective. It thereby contributes to the wider debate over continuity and change both in French aid policy and in France’s relations with sub-Saharan Africa. It also furthers understanding of the mechanisms and dynamics of reform within French state administration. This study compares French development aid policy and institutional architecture from the 1960s up to the mid 1990s with the new institutions and policies put in place in the 1998–2002 period. Chapter 1 looks at the creation of French aid policy in the late 1950s and early 1960s and considers its imperial origins. Chapter 2 examines French aid from 1960 to 1995 and places it in the context of the global politics of development aid and the policies of other donors, in order to highlight the specificities of the French case. The French reaction to the emergence of the structural adjustment and later good governance agendas is considered. Chapter 3 examines the content of the reforms put in place by Jospin and associated changes in the 1998–2002 period, including the reactions of officials and critics. Chapter 4 is a case study of the changes made to the aid relationship between France and Cote d’Ivoire and the effects of instability in Côte d’Ivoire on French policy. The impact on French policy of the growing role of multilateral donors in Côte d’Ivoire is also considered. Chapter 5 examines the evolutions in French doctrine which have run in parallel to the Jospin reforms, looking at French attitudes to major development issues, particularly the relationship between the state and the market. French development aid is part of the long-term continuities of French foreign policy, and especially France’s desire to demonstrate the universal validity of its cultural and political achievements. In this study French aid is analysed as an extension of these foreign policy aims within the specific post-colonial relations with sub-Saharan Africa. French aid has helped to maintain a protected environment within which the French have sought not only to support close political allies, but also to reproduce a “model” of society and politics. This study asks whether the French can continue to use aid in this way in the light of the Jospin reforms and the events of the 1998–2002 period. This study asks whether the changes of this period can be seen as a convergence between French aid and the policies, practices and norms of other aid donors. To this end, the notion of an aid donor “regime” is used. This helps to show that reform of French policy occurs in a context of interaction with other aid donors, and to show how that interaction affects French policy

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Conway, Timothy Hugh. "Poverty, participation and programmes : international aid and rural development in Cambodia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325138.

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Weber, Janice Minna. "The agency for international development's (AID) urban development policy and its application." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78059.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 114-117.
by Janice Minna Weber.
M.C.P.

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Markgraf, Claire Teresa McCarville. "Governance and aid allocation in the International Development Association (IDA) : revisiting assessing aid in the twenty-first century." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90210.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 83-90).
This paper examines the relationship between governance and the foreign aid allocation of a World Bank agency, the International Development Association. In particular, the study investigates whether this major multilateral program's financial support for the development of the world's poorest countries consistently prioritizes good governance. A new dataset from the first decade of the twenty-first century, 2003-12, is used in three econometric estimation models to determine whether the quality of governance in recipient countries has had implications for aid allocation decisions. As in much of the literature in this area, the results are mixed. This finding itself raises important questions both about the relevance of a country's governance to aid allocation decisions and about the usefulness of good governance as a metric by which aid organizations are judged.
by Claire Teresa McCarville Markgraf.
M.C.P.

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MacKay, Edward Grant. "CIDA and the aid-trade linkage." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26873.

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The Canadian foreign aid program increasingly has been linked to trade and other commercial objectives- How and why has this happened? Has this been a successful linkage? What are the implications for Canada and its foreign aid program of this pursuit of the aid-trade linkage? This thesis attempts to answer these questions by exploring the origins and evolution of Canada's aid program, the political and bureaucratic status of Canada's aid agency, the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), and the various policies and policy instruments employed in this recent orientation of aid. It is here argued that in the pragmatic origins of Canada's aid efforts, beginning with the Colombo Plan of the 1950s, lay the seeds for today's aid-trade policy linkage. These origins enabled the interests and objectives of other federal government departments to intrude on and often supersede developmental considerations in Canadian development assistance. As a result, the creation of a strong central aid agency has consistently been impeded, and the needs of Third World nations consistently overshadowed by domestic concerns. Exacerbating this situation was the fiscal restraint and domestic recession of the late 1970s and early 1980s. The pressures stemming from these twin problems gave the final impetus for the increasing integration of aid and commerce. While it is questionable whether linking aid with commerce serves Canada's political and economic interests, in either the short term or the long term, the federal government seems intent on continuing this policy trend. Indeed, the aid-trade linkage superficially resolves a number of administrative problems for CIDA, and enthusiastically is promoted as a bright new opportunity for Canada and its development partners. Conversely, efforts to reverse this policy trend face many obstacles in the Canadian polity and society. In the absence of decisive political leadership on this issue, then, aid-trade linkage is likely to continue.
Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate

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Книги з теми "230302 International aid and development"

Harnett, Laurence P. Development aid: An international perspective. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1994.

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Great Britain. Central Office of Information. Reference Services., ed. Britain and development aid. London: HMSO, 1995.

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Pitfalls in development aid. Dublin: Irish Mozambique Solidarity, 1995.

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Larsson, Karl-Anders. Structural adjustment, aid & development. Stockholm: SIDA, 1994.

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Klein, Michael. The market for aid. Washington, D.C: International Finance Corporation, 2005.

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Puchnarewicz, Elżbieta, and Adeyinka Bankole. NGOs, international aid and development in the South. Warsaw: Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw, 2008.

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Aid from international NGOS. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2009.

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Eilish, McAuliffe, and MacLachlan Malcolm, eds. Psychology of aid. London: Routledge, 1998.

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Edesess, Michael. Market-driven product development as a model for aid-assisted international development. New Delhi: International Development Enterprises (India), 2005.

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Imbeau, Louis M. International development aid--the donor viewpoint: A selected bibliography. Monticello, Ill., USA: Vance Bibliographies, 1988.

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Частини книг з теми "230302 International aid and development"

Hunt, Janet. "Aid and Development." In International Development, 79–111. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-09415-5_4.

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Hunt, Janet. "Aid and Development." In International Development, 162–89. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-42942-1_7.

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Ireton, Barrie. "Aid Volume." In Britain’s International Development Policies, 211–30. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137272331_10.

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Ireton, Barrie. "Aid Channels." In Britain’s International Development Policies, 117–49. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137272331_7.

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Eyben, Rosalind. "Participation in International Aid." In Revolutionizing Development, 59–66. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003298632-8.

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Koch, Dirk-Jan. "Blind Spots on the Map of Aid Allocations: Concentration and Complementarity of International NGO Aid." In Development Aid, 26–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230595163_3.

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Mosley, Paul. "Trade and Aid." In Economic Development and International Trade, 166–73. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19174-1_10.

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Ireton, Barrie. "Commercial Issues: The Tying of Aid and the Aid and Trade Provision." In Britain’s International Development Policies, 185–210. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137272331_9.

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Fox, Ripley D. "Spirulina, real aid to development." In Twelfth International Seaweed Symposium, 95–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4057-4_13.

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Matthews, Alan. "International Development Assistance and Food Security." In Foreign Aid: New Perspectives, 67–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5095-2_5.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "230302 International aid and development"

Kaschesky, Michael, Adrian Gschwend, Guillaume Bouchard, Patrick Furrer, Stephane Gamard, and Reinhard Riedl. "Aid to regional development agencies." In the 13th Annual International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2307729.2307732.

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Khuwuthyakorn, Pattaraporn, Benjamas Suksatit, and Orawit Thinnukool. "First Aid Literacy Mobile Application Development." In the 8th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3268891.3268903.

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Homton, A., S. Umchid, S. Leeudomwong, A. Thongboon, P. Kongthavorn, Y. Juntarapaso, and V. Plangsaengmas. "Development of the hearing aid measurement system." In 2013 6th Biomedical Engineering International Conference (BMEiCON). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmeicon.2013.6687643.

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Gibson, T., E. Fournier, L. Garland, and S. McMannmon. "The Development of a Surrogate Mobility Aid (SMA)." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/930344.

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Gupta, Ashish, Thomas Zimmermann, Christian Bird, Nachiappan Nagappan, Thirumalesh Bhat, and Syed Emran. "Mining energy traces to aid in software development." In the 8th ACM/IEEE International Symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2652524.2652578.

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Kai-Tai Song, Chi-Yi Tsai, Fu-Sheng Huang, Jung-Wei Hong, Chen-Yang Lin, Chun-Wei Chen, and Zhi-Sheng Lin. "Development of the Robot of Living Aid: RoLA." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics (ICAL). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ical.2008.4636192.

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Molina, Jose Antonio, Rocio Roman, Antonio Sanchez-Braza, and Manuel Ordoñez. "MOBILE LEARNING: A (GOOD) TEACHING AND CONTROL AID?" In 13th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2019.0474.

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Mason, Laura, and Marc Holmes. "VIRTUAL REALITY AS A TEACHING AID FOR ANATOMY." In 13th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2019.1275.

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Choon-Young Lee, Il-Kwon Jeong, In-ho Lee, Kap-ho Seo, and Ju-Jang Lee. "Development of rehabilitation robot systems for walking-aid." In IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2004. Proceedings. ICRA '04. 2004. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robot.2004.1307431.

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Risfendra, Risfendra, Oriza Candra, Syamsuarnis Syamsuarnis, and Firman Firman. "Teaching Aid Development of Elecropneumatic Based Automation Course." In Proceedings of the 5th UPI International Conference on Technical and Vocational Education and Training (ICTVET 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ictvet-18.2019.48.

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Звіти організацій з теми "230302 International aid and development"

Parish, Simon, Marc J. Cohen, and Tigist Mekuria. Follow the Money: Using International Aid Transparency Initiative data to trace development aid flows to their end use. Oxfam; Development Initiatives, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2017.1800.

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Masset, Edoardo, Som Shrestha, and Matt Juden. Evaluating complex interventions in international development. Centre of Excellence for Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cmwp6.

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Complex interventions are those that are characterized by multiple components, multiple stakeholders, or multiple target populations. They may also be interventions that incorporate multiple processes of behavioral change. While such interventions are very common and receive a large proportion of development aid budgets, they are rarely subject to rigorous evaluations. The CEDIL Methods Working Paper, Evaluating Complex Interventions in International Development reviews promising methods for the evaluation of complex interventions that are new or have been used in a limited way. It offers a taxonomy of complex interventions in international development and draws on literature to discuss several methods that can be used to evaluate these interventions. The paper focuses its attention on methods that address causality and allow us to state conclusively whether an intervention works or not. It shows that several rigorous methods developed in different disciplines can be adapted and used to evaluate complex interventions in international development.

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Baldwin, Kate, Dean Karlan, Christopher Udry, and Ernest Appiah. How Political Insiders Lose Out When International Aid Underperforms: Evidence from a Participatory Development Experiment in Ghana. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26930.

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Yuan, Jingdong, Fei Su, and Xuwan Ouyang. China’s Evolving Approach to Foreign Aid. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/wtnj4163.

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China’s role in foreign aid and, more broadly, in development cooperation on the global stage has grown significantly since it began seven decades ago. Particularly in recent years, through such platforms as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China’s profile and engagement in global governance in foreign aid and related areas has been further enhanced. China’s ambition is taking a more proactive approach in foreign aid and moving towards a model of international development cooperation by linking with the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and by including the BRI as a major platform to achieve key development goals. This paper provides a timely analysis of the evolution of China’s foreign aid policy in the past seven decades with a particular focus on the developments since 2000. It discusses China’s development finance to Africa and the major sectors receiving Chinese aid. It also analyses recent trends of Chinese foreign aid and identifies some of the challenges that China faces as it becomes a major player in international development financing.

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for Development Programme, Knowledge. Using Indices to Capture Vulnerability for Development Finance in SIDS. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.066.

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This rapid review examines evidence on indices to capture vulnerability for development finance in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). A key issue when it comes to aid allocation to Small Island Developing States (SIDS) is whether current measures of development – such as income per capita - are truly able to reflect the unique set of challenges that these countries face. Inability to accurately measure development in SIDS can lead to substantial risk. On the one hand, aid allocation that solely relies on income levels may result in an unsustainable reduction in external support to SIDS, leaving them to face high levels of economic, environmental, and social vulnerability. On the other hand, an inadequate measure of vulnerability can lead to no clear pathway to the reduction in aid, making it very improbable for SIDS to become self-reliant, no matter how far they develop or climb the income ladder. This aim of this paper is twofold. The first is to look at whether vulnerability indices can help determine the levels of external support SIDS need. The second is to consider how this can help in determining when support can be reduced or terminated. This is achieved by considering the different indices that international organisations and multilateral development banks use to capture the vulnerability of SIDS, how they use these indices to determine thresholds for aid allocation, and the advantages and disadvantages of applying each.

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Tomlinson, Brian. Total Official Support for Sustainable Development (TOSSD): Game changer or mirage? ActionAid, AidWatch Canada, Oxfam International, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7390.

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Total Official Support for Sustainable Development, or TOSSD, is a new statistical metric that has been in the making for almost 10 years. It is meant to capture a broad range of global flows of public money in support of sustainable development. These include aid, loans on non-concessional terms, and public funds aimed at mobilising private finance for development. Metrics matter. It is essential to track the resources that the international community is allocating to turn the ambitions of Agenda 2030 and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into reality. Without such data, it is impossible to determine whether there is progress. ActionAid, AidWatch Canada and Oxfam International are publishing this discussion paper to shed light on how TOSSD works in practice as well as on its ambitions, shortcomings and the contending political perspectives on this new metric. The paper emphasizes that TOSSD could significantly shape the future of development finance.

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Fadhila, Audinisa, Karina Barquet, Sarah Dickin, and Niklas Schmidt. Cutting through the aid reporting chaos: Recommendations for better procurement and reporting for WASH and beyond. Stockholm Environment Institute, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.003.

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A lack of coherent tracking and procurement presents challenges to innovators in the fields of humanitarian aid and development. That means that international organizations are missing out on tools to help them with their work. Here we present an overview of the current situation, based on a literature review of donor organizations and interviews of innovators and aid/development organization actors. With this view, we make recommendations to improve the tracking systems to open the gates to innovation.

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Millican, Juliet. Civil Society Learning Journey Briefing Note 1: What are the Strengths and Weaknesses of INGOs Delivering Development Outcomes? Institute of Development Studies, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.151.

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In 2018 key concerns included shrinking civic space and the impact of this on democracy. Developments between the two periods, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic, the Black Lives Matter and decolonisation movements, have only increased emphasis on commitments made as part of the Grand Bargain to localise and decolonise. This invariably means working more frequently with local partners and civil society organisations in the delivery of international aid to advance Open Society and Human Rights agendas. These three briefing notes summarise key considerations emerging from the ‘Working with Civil Society’ Learning Journey facilitated for the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) as part of the Knowledge, Evidence and Learning for Development (K4D) Programme.

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Bano, Masooda. International Push for SBMCs and the Problem of Isomorphic Mimicry: Evidence from Nigeria. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/102.

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Establishing School-Based Management Committees (SBMCs) is one of the most widely adopted and widely studied interventions aimed at addressing the learning crisis faced in many developing countries: giving parents and communities a certain degree of control over aspects of school management is assumed to increase school accountability and contribute to improvements in learning. Examining the case of Nigeria, which in 2005 adopted a national policy to establish SBMCs in state schools, this paper reviews the evidence available on SBMCs’ ability to mobilise communities, and the potential for this increased community participation to translate into improved learning. The paper shows that while local community participation can help improve school performance, the donor and state supported SBMCs struggle to stay active and have positive impact on school performance. Yet for ministries of education in many developing countries establishing SBMCs remains a priority intervention among the many initiatives aimed at improving education quality. The paper thus asks what makes the establishment of SBMCs a priority intervention for the Nigerian government. By presenting an analysis of the SBMC-related policy documents in Nigeria, the paper demonstrates that an intervention aimed at involving local communities and developing bottom-up approaches to identifying and designing education policies is itself entirely a product of top-down policy making, envisioned, developed, and funded almost entirely by the international development community. The entire process is reflective of isomorphic mimicry—a process whereby organisations attempt to mimic good behaviour to gain legitimacy, instead of fixing real challenges. Adopting the policy to establish SBMCs, which is heavily promoted by the international development community and does not require actual reform of the underlying political-economy challenges hindering investment in education, enables education ministries to mimic commitment to education reforms and attain the endorsement of the international community without addressing the real challenges. Like all cases of isomorphic mimicry, such policy adoption and implementation has costs: national ministries, as well as state- and district-level education authorities, end up devoting time, resources, and energy to planning, designing, and implementing an intervention for which neither the need nor the evidence of success is established. Additionally, such top-down measures prevent state agencies from identifying local opportunities for delivering the same goals more effectively and perhaps at a lower cost. The paper illustrates this with the case of the state of Kano: there is a rich indigenous culture of supporting community schools, yet, rather than learning why local communities support certain kinds of school but not state schools, and trying to replicate the lessons in state schools, the SBMC model introduced is designed by development agencies at the national level and is administratively complicated and resource-intensive. The opportunity for local learning has not been realised; instead, both the agenda and the implementation framework have been entirely shaped by international aid agencies. The paper thus demonstrates how apparently positive policy interventions resulting from pressure exerted by the international community could be having unintended consequences, given the national-level political-economy dynamics.

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Milican, Juliet. Mapping Best Practice Guidelines in working with Civil Society Organisations. Institute of Development Studies, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.092.

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This report sets out to map the different guidance documents available on how to work most effectively with civil society in the delivery of international aid in ways that deepen democracy and advance the rights of marginalised or excluded groups. It includes a review of guidelines published by other key international development funders and implementors written for their own teams, an overview of guidance provided for DAC members within OECD countries and policy papers on cooperation between the state and CSOs. It looks primarily at documents produced in the last ten years, between 2011 and 2021 and includes those related to cooperation on specific issues (such as drugs policy or human rights, as well as those that deal with specific countries or regions (such as Europe or the MENA region). The majority of documents identified are written by government aid departments (eg USAID, Norad) but there are one or two produced by umbrella civil society organisations (such as Bond) or international legal think tanks (such as ICNL, the International Centre for Not for Profit Law). There was a remarkable consistency between the issues Millican addressed in the different documents although their size and length varied between outline guidance on 2 – 3 pages and a comprehensive (62 page) overview that included definitions of civil society, range of organisations, reasons for collaborating, mechanisms for financing, monitoring and ensuring accountability and challenges in and guidance on the ways in which donors might work with CSOs.

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