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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "1920s China"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 вересня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "1920s China"

Zheng, Jingyun, Yingzhuo Yu, Xuezhen Zhang, and Zhixin Hao. "Variation of extreme drought and flood in North China revealed by document-based seasonal precipitation reconstruction for the past 300 years." Climate of the Past 14, no. 8 (August 9, 2018): 1135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1135-2018.

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Abstract. Using a 17-site seasonal precipitation reconstruction from a unique historical archive, Yu-Xue-Fen-Cun, the decadal variations of extreme droughts and floods (i.e., the event with occurrence probability of less than 10 % from 1951 to 2000) in North China were investigated, by considering both the probabilities of droughts/floods occurrence in each site and spatial coverage (i.e., percentage of sites). Then, the possible linkages of extreme droughts and floods with ENSO (i.e., El Niño and La Niña) episodes and large volcanic eruptions were discussed. The results show that there were 29 extreme droughts and 28 extreme floods in North China from 1736 to 2000. For most of these extreme drought (flood) events, precipitation decreased (increased) evidently at most of the sites for the four seasons, especially for summer and autumn. But in drought years of 1902 and 1981, precipitation only decreased in summer slightly, while it decreased evidently in the other three seasons. Similarly, the precipitation anomalies for different seasons at different sites also existed in several extreme flood years, such as 1794, 1823, 1867, 1872 and 1961. Extreme droughts occurred more frequently (2 or more events) during the 1770s–1780s, 1870s, 1900s–1930s and 1980s–1990s, among which the most frequent (3 events) occurred in the 1900s and the 1920s. More frequent extreme floods occurred in the 1770s, 1790s, 1820s, 1880s, 1910s and 1950s–1960s, among which the most frequent (4 events) occurred in the 1790s and 1880s. For the total of extreme droughts and floods, they were more frequent in the 1770s, 1790s, 1870s–1880s, 1900s–1930s and 1960s, and the highest frequency (5 events) occurred in the 1790s. A higher probability of extreme drought was found when El Niño occurred in the current year or the previous year. However, no significant connections were found between the occurrences of extreme floods and ENSO episodes, or the occurrences of extreme droughts/floods and large volcanic eruptions.

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Rao, Zihe. "History of protein crystallography in China." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362, no. 1482 (February 27, 2007): 1035–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2032.

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China has a strong background in X-ray crystallography dating back to the 1920s. Protein crystallography research in China was first developed following the successful synthesis of insulin in China in 1966. The subsequent determination of the three-dimensional structure of porcine insulin made China one of the few countries which could determine macromolecular structures by X-ray diffraction methods in the late 1960s and early 1970s. After a slow period during the 1970s and 1980s, protein crystallography in China has reached a new climax with a number of outstanding accomplishments. Here, I review the history and progress of protein crystallography in China and detail some of the recent research highlights, including the crystal structures of two membrane proteins as well as the structural genomics initiative in China.

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Rhoads, Edward J. M. "Cycles of Cathay." Transfers 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2012.020207.

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Introduced into China in the late nineteenth century, the bicycle had to compete with a variety of alternative modes of personal transportation that for a number of years limited its appeal and utility. Thus, during the 1920s and 1930s it took a back seat to the hand-pulled rickshaw and during the 1940s to the pedicab (cycle rickshaw). It was only in the 1950s that the bicycle became the primary means of transportation for most urban Chinese. For the next four decades, as its use spread from the city to the countryside, China was the iconic “bicycle kingdom.“ Since the 1990s, however, the pedal-powered bicycle has been overtaken by the automobile (and motorcycle). Nevertheless, with the recent appearance and growing popularity of the e-bike, the bicycle may yet play an important role in China's transport modal mix. This overview history of the bicycle in China is based on a wide range of textual sources in English and Chinese as well as pictorial images.

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Sit, Tsui, and Erebus Wong. "China’s modernization, rural regeneration and historical agency." Argumentum 5, no. 2 (February 27, 2014): 139–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18315/argumentum.v5i2.4952.

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Like most of the once down-trodden colonized nations, China’s key historical project of the last 150 years has been to enforce modernization. The aim and mechanism of modernization has generally been simplified as industrialization, a process China has pursued since the mid-19th century. Wen Tiejun portrays China’s development in the last 150 years as ‘the four phases of industrialization of a peasant state’ with the ultimate aim of becoming a powerful modern state to counter European and Japanese imperialism, and later the United States’ embargo during the Cold War. The first attempt was the Yang Wu Movement initiated by the Qing dynasty from 1850 to 1895; the second the industrialization policy pursued by the Republican government from 1920s to the 1940s; the third the “state primitive accumulation of capital” practiced by the Communist Party regime from the 1950s to the 1970s; and the fourth the reform and open-door policy promoted by Deng Xiaoping since the late 1970s (Wen 2001). There has been intellectual consensus on modernization calling out for radical social reform in China in the 20th century. Since the 1920s all major intellectual thought has been in agreement that China needs a thorough social overhaul. The only difference was whether the model should be American capitalism or Russian socialism. Among these radical ideas and social programs, the rural reconstruction movement during the 1920s-30s represented by Liang Shuming and James Yen was a social initiative that was much neglected. It is of particular relevance to reconsider this intellectual heritage in post-development China. We will turn to this later in this essay.

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Zheng, J., Z. Hua, Y. Liu, and Z. Hao. "Temperature changes derived from phenological and natural evidence in South Central China from 1850 to 2008." Climate of the Past 11, no. 11 (November 20, 2015): 1553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1553-2015.

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Abstract. Annual temperature anomalies in South Central China from 1850 to 2008 are reconstructed by synthesizing three types of proxies: spring phenodates of plants recorded in historical personal diaries and observations, snowfall days extracted from historical archives and observed at meteorological stations, and five tree-ring width chronologies. Instrumental observation data and the leave-one-out method are used for calibration and validation. The results show that the temperature series in South Central China exhibits interannual and decadal fluctuations since 1850. The first three cold decades were the 1860s, 1890s, and 1950s, while 1893 was very likely the coldest year. Except for the three warm decades that occurred around 1850, 1870, and 1960, along with the 1920s to the 1940s, the recent warm decades of the 1990s and 2000s represent unprecedented warming since 1850.

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Müller-Saini, Gotelind, and Gregor Benton. "Esperanto and Chinese anarchism in the 1920s and 1930s." Language Problems and Language Planning 30, no. 2 (August 11, 2006): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.30.2.06mul.

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Esperanto in China and among the Chinese diaspora was for long periods closely linked with anarchism. This article looks at the history of the Chinese Esperanto movement after the repatriation of anarchism to China in the 1910s. It examines Esperanto’s political connections in the Chinese setting and the arguments used by its supporters to promote the language. In exploring the role played by Esperanto in interwar Chinese culture and politics, it helps to throw light on the complex relationship between language and politics in China in the first half of the twentieth century.

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Nakajima, Seio. "Studies of Chinese Cinema in Japan." Journal of Chinese Film Studies 1, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): 167–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jcfs-2021-0001.

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Abstract Japanese interests in Chinese cinema go as far back as to the 1910s, when film magazines reported on the situation of Chinese cinema. Discussions of Chinese cinema began to flourish in the 1920s, when intellectuals wrote travelogue essays on Chinese cinema, particularly on Shanghai cinema. In the mid-1930s, more serious analytical discourses were presented by a number of influential contemporary intellectuals, and that trend continued until the end of WWII. Post-War confusion in Japan, as well as political turmoil in China, dampened academic interests of Japanese scholars on Chinese cinema somewhat, but since the re-discovery of Chinese cinema in the early 1980s with the emergence of the Fifth Generation, academic discussions on Chinese cinema resumed and flourished in the 1980s and the 1990s. In the past decade or so, interesting new trends in studies of Chinese cinema in Japan are emerging that include more transnational and comparative approaches, focusing not only on film text but the context of production, distribution, and exhibition. Moreover, scholars from outside of the disciplines of literature and film studies—such as cultural studies, history, and sociology—have begun to contribute to rigorous discussions of Chinese cinema in Japan.

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Wang, Jian. "From Four Hundred Million to More than One Billion Consumers: A Brief History of the Foreign Advertising Industry in China." International Journal of Advertising 16, no. 4 (November 1997): 241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0265-0487.1997.00059.pp.x.

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As an industry and a form of mass communication, modern advertising was introduced in China from the West at the turn of the century. The 1920s and 1930s witnessed China’s first major exposure to foreign advertising and consumer culture. The 1990s may prove to be China’s second encounter with global consumer culture through the medium of advertising; only this time, its experience is more massive and far‐reaching. This article provides a capsule history of the development of the foreign advertising industry in China within the context of Chinese economy and media.

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Ruan, Xing. "Accidental Affinities: American Beaux-Arts in Twentieth-Century Chinese Architectural Education and Practice." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991810.

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This essay looks at the adoption of American Beaux-Arts in China. China's first architecture school was established in the 1920s in Nanjing. The Nanjing School enjoyed a prosperous time in the 1940s when a group of young architects joined the faculty. Most of them had been trained in the 1920s at the University of Pennsylvania under Paul Philippe Cret. The most prominent among them was Yang Tingbao, a star pupil of Cret's. Yang became one of the most influential architects and educators in twentieth-century China, and he remained the spiritual leader of the Nanjing School until his death in 1982. The early history of Chinese architectural education and of Yang's practice shows accidental affinities that have marked the encounters between two cultural frames. Based on a selected "thick description" of Yang's teaching and architectural works between the 1920s and 1980s, this article suggests that the Beaux-Arts method, from its early contacts to its later transformations, has corresponded to Chinese artisan traditions in a series of interesting areas. They include the process of cultivation in producing and appreciating a craft, axial planning and space perception, and close collaboration between architects and builders. Instead of underlining cultural difference, I attempt to shed some light on the entangled nuances between the universal Beaux-Arts method and the traditions of one of its adopted localities, China.

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Dean, Austin. "“The Shanghai Mint and U.S.–China Monetary Interactions, 1920–1933”." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 25, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-02501002.

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This article uses primary sources from China, Taiwan, and the United States to chronicle the history of the Shanghai Mint and u.s.–China monetary interactions during the 1920s and early 1930s. It focuses on the period immediately preceding the well-known Silver Purchase Act of 1934 and the Nationalist government’s decision to abandon the silver standard in favor of a managed currency, the fabi, in November 1935. The article highlights the importance of u.s. advisors, particularly mint technician Clifford Hewitt and Princeton University professor Edwin Kemmerer, in debates about whether China should adopt the gold-exchange standard or stay on the silver standard, as well as their role in the elimination of the silver tael (liang) as a unit of account. The article demonstrates the long-standing interest of the United States in Chinese currency reform and shows how, in the 1920s, this interest often manifested itself in the interactions between Chinese officials and conduits like Hewitt and Kemmerer, rather than monetary missions that the u.s. Congress approved as had been the case in the early 1900s. Finally, the article traces the goals of successive Chinese governments to exercise more control over the currency of modern China and the role of u.s. advisors in that process.

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Дисертації з теми "1920s China"

Cheng, Po-ming George, and 鄭寶銘. "The problem of China: British writings on China in the 1920s." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48079789.

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This dissertation examines the British conception of the problem of China in the 1920s, as reflected through political writings on the country. The focus of this study is on the texts of three authors: Bertrand Russell, Rodney Gilbert, and Arthur Ransome. Though coming from diverse traditions and drastically dissimilar political backgrounds, these writers, like many other British writers at the time, had come to view China as being essentially problematic – a view that is open to multiple interpretations, and perhaps deliberately so. Books with titles such as The Problem of China, The Chinese Puzzle, What’s Wrong with China, and Is China Mad?, to name a few, reveal a way of thinking about the country that was prevalent and well-entrenched. Demands for books on a problematic China reveal a desire, on the part of the British home audience, not only to gain a better understanding as to the constitution of problem, but also to appreciate how this Chinese problem can affect Britain, and how it can be resolved. What is interesting, however, upon examining these texts that seek to explicate the titular problem, is that one discovers that there is hardly a consensus among these This dissertation examines the British conception of the problem of China in the 1920s, as reflected through political writings on the country. The focus of this study is on the texts of three authors: Bertrand Russell, Rodney Gilbert, and Arthur Ransome. Though coming from diverse traditions and drastically dissimilar political backgrounds, these writers, like many other British writers at the time, had come to view China as being essentially problematic – a view that is open to multiple interpretations, and perhaps deliberately so. Books with titles such as The Problem of China, The Chinese Puzzle, What’s Wrong with China, and Is China Mad?, to name a few, reveal a way of thinking about the country that was prevalent and well-entrenched. Demands for books on a problematic China reveal a desire, on the part of the British home audience, not only to gain a better understanding as to the constitution of problem, but also to appreciate how this Chinese problem can affect Britain, and how it can be resolved. What is interesting, however, upon examining these texts that seek to explicate the titular problem, is that one discovers that there is hardly a consensus among these
published_or_final_version
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Master of Philosophy

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Chung, Po-yin Stephanie. "Chinese business groups in Hong Kong and political change in South China, 1900s-1920s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308802.

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Wong, Kam-fai John, and 黃錦暉. "Nationalism and the anti-Christian movement in the 1920s." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3195019X.

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Chin, Angelina Yanyan. "Bound to emancipate : management of lower-class women in 1920s and 1930s urban South China /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Cheng, Kam-po, and 鄭金波. "The strikes in Hong Kong during the 1920s." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46701370.

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林鳳珊 and Fung-shan Lam. "A study of Cantonese opera scripts of the 1920s and1930s." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31215452.

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Stroganova, Evgenia. "From Lu Xun’s “save the children” to Mao’s “the world is yours” : children's literature in China, 1920s-1960s." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46555.

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In 1929 the leading Chinese intellectual Hu Shi said: “To understand the degree to which a particular culture is civilized, we must appraise … how it handles its children.” In 1957, Chairman Mao told Chinese youth that “both the world and China’s future belonged to them.” In both eras, cultural leaders placed children and youth in the centre of cultural and political discourse associating them with the nation’s future. This thesis compares Chinese children’s literature during the Republican period (1912-1949) and the early People’s Republic of 1949-1966, until the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) and argues that children’s writers who worked in both new Chinas treated youth and children as key agents in building a nation-state. In this thesis, I focus on the works of three prominent writers, Ye Shengtao (1894-1988), Bing Xin (1900-1999) and Zhang Tianyi (1906-1985) who wrote children’s literature and were prominent cultural figures in both eras. Their writing careers make for excellent case studies in how children’s literature changed from one political era to another. I conduct thematic and stylistic textual analysis of their works and read them against their historical and cultural backgrounds to determine how children’s writings changed and why. As anticipated, I showed that during both eras, children’s literature and politics were closely related. Another expected finding is that the manner of writing for children changed significantly as children from victims turned into active agents of the nation’s future. Challenging the view that children’s writers of the early People’s Republic merely followed the Party line, I argue that Ye, Bing, and Zhang remained loyal to the task of “saving children.” Another unexpected finding is that the Chinese Communist Party did not invent new cultural policies toward children from scratch, but employed numerous policies and ideas, including literary ideas, of the Nationalist regime that also inherited much from the late Qing.

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Kwan, Uganda Sze-Pui. "The transformation of the idea of 'Xiaoshuo' in modern China (1898-1920s)." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500098.

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In the studies of Chinese literature, it is an usual practice to translate the Chinese term xiaoshuo with the English terms "fiction" or "the novel", and few, if any, ever feel the need to ask for an justification of it, as if it is crystal clear that these terms are exact synonyms. While there are indeed few problems in understanding the meaning of xiaoshuo through "fiction" or "the novel" as it appears in modem Chinese literature, it was not the case when the term xiaoshuo was put in pre-modem Chinese context, where it bore very different meanings. It literally meant "small talks" and was regarded as equivalent to "alley hearsay". Besides, its emotional connotation in pre-modem China was also very different from that of "fiction" or "the novel". For traditional scholars-gentry, xiaoshuo always carried a negative and pejorative sense that it was considered to be unworthy to be read seriously of his status. The situation started to change only in the last decade of the 19th Century. Following the repeated military defeats of the last Chinese Empire to the western powers, there was an influx of Western ideas into China. With the collision and interaction between the traditional Chinese ideas and the new Western ones, many traditional Chinese terms, which had been used for over 2000 years without substantial modification, were subject to radical transformations in meaning. Xiaoshuo was one of these terms. The present thesis attempts to offer an analysis of the transformation of the meaning of "xiaoshuo" in the period 1898-1920 by applying the method of analysis suggested by the history of ideas. Three representative literary figures in this period, Liang Qichao (1873-1929), Lu Simian(1884-1957) and Lu Xun (1881-1936), are chosen to be the foci of investigation, and their most representative theories on xiaoshuo are sorted out to be the objects of detailed study, in order to trace the process of how xiaoshuo acquired the present meaning of imaginative prose narrative and became one of the four major genres of literature together with drama, poetry and prose.

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Huen, Yun-on. "A study of Zhao Zichen's (1888-1979) response to theAnti-Christian Movement in the 1920s." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951338.

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Peters, Li Li. "Translation, popular imagination and the novelistic reconfiguration of literary discourse, China, 1890s-1920s." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1383468131&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Книги з теми "1920s China"

Quan, Elizabeth. Beyond the moongate: True stories of 1920s China. Toronto: Tundra Books, 2013.

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Gewurtz, Margo Speisman. Famine relief in China: North Henan in the 1920s. [Toronto?]: University of Toronto-York University, Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies, 1987.

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Lin, Shing-Ting. The Female Hand: The Making of Western Medicine for Women in China, 1880s–1920s. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2015.

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Mechthild, Leutner, ed. The Chinese revolution in the 1920s: Between triumph and disaster. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002.

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Dipchand, Cecil R. China: Stock market activity - 1980s and early 1990s. Halifax, N.S: Dalhousie University, 1992.

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Zhou, Xiaolei. Singminji Chosŏn chisigin, hondon ŭi Chungguk ŭro kada: 1920-yŏndae Chosŏn chisigin ŭi Chungguk insik e taehan sasangjŏk koch'al = Colonial Korean intellectuals in the chaotic China : an ideological study on Korean intellectual discourse on China in the 1920s. Sŏul-si: Somyŏng Ch'ulp'an, 2020.

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Henry, Kevin. May Fourth and Translation. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-465-3.

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The May 4th Movement in 1919 – and more broadly the so-called New Culture movement in the 1910s and 1920s, – a landmark in the history of China, was marked by a great wave of translations, without precedent other than the one inspired by the Buddhist faith more than 1000 years before. This volume, which includes five papers presented at the conference 4 May 1919: History in Motion (Université de Mons, Belgium, 2-4 May 2019), seeks to define and measure, in all its dimensions and complexity (from tragic theatre to revolutionary novels to literary journals), the impact of this intense translation effort in the early years of Republican China.

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Shulan, Guo, ed. Jiao yu yu guo quan: 1920 nian dai Zhongguo shou hui jiao yu quan yun dong yan jiu = Education and sovereignty : the study of the China regaining educational right movement in 1920s. Beijing Shi: Guang ming ri bao chu ban she, 2010.

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Coale, Ansley J. The distribution of interbirth intervals in rural China, 1940s to 1970s. Honolulu, Hawaii: East-West Population Institute, East-West Center, 1988.

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Gerard Breslin, Shaun. China in the 1980s. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230371170.

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Частини книг з теми "1920s China"

Volz, Yong Z. "China’s Image Management Abroad, 1920s–1940s: Origin, Justification, and Institutionalization." In Soft Power in China, 157–79. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230116375_9.

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Krysko, Michael A. "“We Owe Nothing to Their Sensibilities”: Federal Telegraph, the Open Door, and the Washington System in 1920s China." In American Radio in China, 17–41. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230301931_2.

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Brezzi, Alessandra. "China–Italy Mobility and Travel Writing: Sheng Cheng and Lü Bicheng’s Narratives about 1920s Italy." In Cultural Mobilities Between China and Italy, 89–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39259-7_4.

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Ng, Kenny K. K. "Romantic Love, Self-Exaltation, and Social Rebellion: The Influence of Goethe’s Werther on Chinese Epistolary Novels in the 1920s and 1930s." In Cross-Cultural Encounters in Modern and Premodern China, 83–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8375-6_5.

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Zhou, Jianbo, Shuhai Zhang, Haochen Liu, and Fangs Hou. "A Comparative Study of Tariff Policy Reforms in China and the United States in the 1920s and 1930s." In Proceedings of the 2023 5th International Conference on Economic Management and Cultural Industry (ICEMCI 2023), 13–23. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-368-9_3.

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Feng, Qian. "Architectural Education in China (1950s–1980s)." In Routledge Handbook of Chinese Architecture, 378–87. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315851112-35.

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He, Qiliang. "The Trials of Lu Genrong: The Criminal Law Reform and Women’s Agency in Late 1920s China." In Feminism, Women's Agency, and Communication in Early Twentieth-Century China, 83–124. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89692-2_3.

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Song, Ke. "Chinese Modernism in the 1950s and 1960s." In Modernism in Late-Mao China, 54–77. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003169987-4.

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Faure, David. "They went to the people but did they hear them? Comments on field research in China in the 1920s and 1930s." In Fieldwork in Modern Chinese History, 3–21. London; New York : Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2020. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429293078-1.

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Zwart, Hub. "Pierre Teilhard de Chardin’s Phenomenology of the Noosphere." In Philosophy of Engineering and Technology, 207–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84570-4_7.

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AbstractAlthough Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881–1955) was thoroughly trained in philosophy and theology, he was first and foremost a paleoanthropologist, directly involved in the discovery of Homo erectus pekinensis (“Sinanthropus”) in China in the 1920s and 1930s. He came from a Catholic aristocratic background, was ordained a priest in 1911, survived World War I (as a stretcher-bearer, distinguished with the Legion of Honour), joined the Jesuit Order, conducted paleoanthropological field work during the interbellum, and became entangled in a conflict with his Jesuit superiors (over pantheism and the concept of original sin) until his death in New York (in exile more or less). When his writings were published (shortly after his death, as his superiors forbade publication during his lifetime), he quickly became an intellectual celebrity. Currently, he is credited with having anticipated Gaia theory (King, 2006), the global village concept (McLuhan, 1962), the Internet (Barlow, 1992; Cobb, 1998), the WWW (Garreau, 2005, p. 256; Greenfield, 2014, p. 9), transhumanism (Delio, 2014; Steinhart, 2008), the “global brain” (Stock, 1993), and the Anthropocene (e.g. Crutzen, 2002; Steffen et al., 2011).

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "1920s China"

Xinting, Liang. "The Trajectory of Collective Life: The Ideal and Practice of New Village in Tianjin, 1920s-1950s." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4026pt85d.

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Originated from New Village Ideal in Japan, New Village was introduced to China in the early 1920s and became a byword for social reform program. Many residential designs or projects whose name includes the term “Village” or “New Village” had been completed in China since that time. This paper uses the Textual Criticism method to sort out the introduction and translation of New Village Ideal theory in China, and to compare the physical space, life organization and concepts of the New Village practices in ROC with in early PRC of Tianjin. It is found that the term “New Village” continued to be used across several historical periods, showing very similar spatial images. But the construction and usage of New Village and the meaning of collective life changed somewhat under different political positions and social circumstances: New Village gradually became an urban collective residential area which only bore the living function since it was introduced into modern China. The goal of its practice changed from building an equal autonomy to building a new field of power operation, a new discourse of social improvement and a new way for profit-seeking capital. With the change of state regime, the construction had entered a climax stage. New Village then became the symbol of the rising political and social status of the working class, and the link between the change of urban nature and spatial development. Socialism collective life and the temporal and spatial separation or combination between production and live constructed the collective conscience and identity of residents. The above findings highlight the independence of architecture history from general history, help to examine the complexity of China’s localization New Village practice and the uniqueness of Tianjin’s urban history, and provide new ideas for the study of China’s modern urban housing development from the perspective of changes in daily life organization.

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Yakhimovich, Sergey. "THE IDEOLOGICAL COMPONENT OF THE PROCESS OF SOVIETIZATION OF RUSSIANS IN THE TERRITORY OF NORTH-EASTERN CHINA (1920s - EARLY 1930s)." In История Гражданской войны на Дальнем Востоке и история русской эмиграции. Благовещенск: Благовещенский государственный педагогический университет, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.48344/bspu.2021.71.65.028.

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Rodionov, Alexey. "ON HISTORY OF TRUTHFUL BIOGRAPHY — THE FIRST ANTHOLOGY OF TRANSLATIONS OF MODERN CHINESE PROSE INTO RUSSIAN LANGUAGE." In 10th International Conference "Issues of Far Eastern Literatures (IFEL 2022)". St. Petersburg State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063770.31.

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The paper involves archival materials, scientific literature and the information system of the Beijing Lu Xun Museum to examine the history of the preparation and circumstances of the publication of the first collection of translations of modern Chinese prose into Russian — Truthful Biography. Novellas and Stories of Modern China published by the Molodaya gvardiya Publishing House in 1929. The author concludes that the publication of the collection Truthful Biography was a logical result of the attention of the Soviet Union to the China engulfed by the revolution. Shortcomings in the translation of literary texts reflect not only the insufficient level of Chinese language proficiency among some translators, but also the lack of traditions and norms of translation of modern Chinese literature in the Soviet Union in the late 1920s. Nevertheless, the collection Truthful Biography. Novellas and Stories of Modern China can be considered a starting point in the translation of modern Chinese literature into Russian and the beginning of the involvement of specialists in modern China in the Soviet Union in the study of Chinese literature. en_GB

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Kharinsky, A., and M. Portnyagin. "TO THE QUESTION OF THE LOCATION OF TUNKA BURIAL GROUND, EXPLORED BY B.E. PETRI IN THE 1920s." In Ancient cultures of Mongolia, Southern Siberia and Northern China: Transactions of the XIth International Conference (September 8–11, 2021, Abakan). Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-907298-19-4.265-270.

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Shishikin, Vitaliy G. "Royal Dutch Shell Activities in China in the 1940s — 1960s." In Current Issues in the Study of History, Foreign Relations and Culture of Asian Countries. Novosibirsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1268-0-46-51.

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Kurako, Julia. "GUO MORUO’S MY CHILDHOOD AND HU SHI’S SELF-NARRATION AT FORTY: COMMON AND SPECIAL FEATURES IN REPRESENTATION OF NEW MAN OF THE NEW ERA." In 10th International Conference "Issues of Far Eastern Literatures (IFEL 2022)". St. Petersburg State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063770.20.

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The genre of literary autobiography started its formation in China during the New Culture Movement and entered a phase of rapid development by the end of the 1920s. A new understanding of autobiography as a generalized and objectified experience of the writer generated the diversified and syncretic form based on the combination of national tradition and foreign experience. The most representative works of that period are Guo Moruo’s My Childhood (1928) and Hu Shi’s Self-narration at Forty (1933). Based on the main characteristics of the genre of literary autobiography in world literature, the present article attempts to compare these two works in order to identify similarities and differences in authors’ approaches to the representation of personality, as well as to reveal typological features of the Chinese literary autobiography genre of the first half of the 20th century.

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Jan, Šejbl. "Hříšná exotika A. V. Nováka Literární obraz cesty do Asie v letech 1926–1927." In Orientalia antiqua nova XXI. Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/zcu.2021.10392-120-144.

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Sinful Exotics of A. V. Novák Literary image of a journey to Asie in 1926–1927 Traveller and writer Archibald Václav Novák (1895–1979) rose to fame in the 1920s as the author of popular nov els and short stories inspired by a stay in Tahiti and the United States of America from 1919 to 1921. Sucesess of books and lectures allowed Novák to undertake another long journey. From October 1926 to April 1926 A. V. Novák visited Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Malaya, Singapore, Sumatra, Vietnam, Cambodia, China and Japan. After returning home, Novák organized public lectures and published new novels and short stores inspored by the places he visited and the people he met. He also wrote a four-volume travelogue based on his travel diary. On his journey, Novák took not only still photographs, but short movies as well. After the communists took power in Czechoslovakia in 1948, Novák was purged from public life. No longer heralded as either a traveller or a writer, he was virtually consigned to oblivion. It was not until after 2000 that a study of the phenomenon of Czecho slovak emigration to Tahiti kindled renewed interest in him. In 2010, some of Novák’s previously unknown pho tographs were discovered and donated to the Náprstek Museum’s photographic collection, which is a part of the National Museum in Prague. Movies, diaries and the most of negatives by A. V. Novák have not been preserved, but there is a large number of glass slides used as an accom paniment of lectures. Photographic collection and books by A. V. Novák offer a valuable source of information about the non-Europen countries in 1920s and the ways, how they were presented to public in Czechoslovakia.

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Yuhui, Li, and Fu Yongchun. "Harnessing Hollywood in China in the 1930s and 1990s: A Comparative Perspective." In 5th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200331.080.

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Filippov, Sergey I. "Protests in the USSR and China in the Late 1980s — Early 1990s." In Current Issues in the Study of History, Foreign Relations and Culture of Asian Countries. Novosibirsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1268-0-52-54.

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Yan, Huimin, Jiyuan Liu, Mingkui Cao, Zhiqiang Gao, Dafang Zhuang, Jiankun Guo, and Xinliang Xu. "Remotely sensed changes in agricultural productivity in China from the 1980s to the 1990s." In Optical Science and Technology, the SPIE 49th Annual Meeting, edited by Wei Gao and David R. Shaw. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.559157.

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Звіти організацій з теми "1920s China"

Cesa-Bianchi, Ambrogio, M. Hashem Pesaran, Alessandro Rebucci, and TengTeng Xu. China's Emergence in the World Economy and Business Cycles in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011334.

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This paper investigates how changes in trade linkages between China, Latin America, and the rest of the world have altered the transmission of international business cycles to Latin America. Evidence based on a GVAR model for five large Latin American economies shows that the long-term impact of a China GDP shock on the typical Latin American economy has increased by three times since the mid-1990s, while the long-term impact of a US GDP shock has halved, while the transmission of shocks to Latin America and the rest of emerging Asia GDP (excluding China and India) has not changed. These changes owe more changes in China's impact on Latin America's traditional and largest trading partners than to increased direct bilateral trade linkages boosted by the decade-long commodity price boom. These findings have important implications for both Latin America and the international business cycle.

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Aizenman, Joshua, and Nan Geng. Adjustment of State Owned and Foreign-Funded Enterprises in China to Economic Reforms,1980s-2007: a logistic smooth transition regression (LSTR) approach. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15274.

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Frohmann, Alicia, Jaume Ventura, Rainer Schweickert, Michel Fouquin, Omar Licandro, Jacques Ziller, Helen Wallace, Rolf J. Langhammer, and Claudio Bravo Ortega. Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT): 2nd Annual Conference. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006622.

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The process of economic reform and trade liberalization in Latin America and the Caribbean, under way since the end of the 1980s, has brought about an increasing integration of the countries in the region into the world economy, both in terms of commercial and investment flows. At the same time, Latin American countries have been pursuing the process of deepening economic integration at the subregional level, negotiating trade liberalization at the regional and hemispheric level, as well as engaging in multilateral trade negotiations. Latin American countries are also negotiating cooperation and free trade agreements with other countries and regions of the world, both developing and industrial ones. These developments, as well the emergence of new powerful players on the international arena, such as China and India, represent opportunities but also enormous challenges for Latin America. In facing these challenges, the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean are open to ideas, experiences and good practices that may contribute to their successful integration into an increasingly open and competitive international economy. In this regard, the rich European experience in the process of regional integration over the last decades that has brought about not only mutual trade liberalization, but also the establishment of joint institutions, a common currency as well as political cooperation and a strong component of solidarity among member countries could be of benefit for the region. Moreover, Latin America is an important market for the European Union as it positions itself in global competition and seeks partners for economic as well as political cooperation. With this in mind, in 2002, the Inter-American Development Bank, through the Special Office in Europe and the Integration and Regional Programs Department, through the Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL), launched the Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT). The Network operates with the collaboration of partner European centers, leaders in research in the area of integration and trade. ELSNIT represents a platform for an exchange of ideas between European and Latin American experts, and ultimately a source of support for policy makers on both sides of the Atlantic. This publication provides an account of the main findings of the second cycle of activities of the Network during 2004/2005.

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Ventura, Jaume, Rainer Schweickert, Michel Fouquin, Omar Licandro, Jacques Ziller, and Rolf J. Langhammer. Euro-Latin Study Network on Integration and Trade (ELSNIT): 3rd Annual Conference. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006623.

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Carpenter, Marie, and William Lazonick. The Pursuit of Shareholder Value: Cisco’s Transformation from Innovation to Financialization. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp202.

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Once the global leader in telecommunication systems and the Internet, over the past two decades the United States has fallen behind global competitors, and in particular China, in mobile communication infrastructure—specifically 5G and Internet of Things (IoT). This national failure, with the socioeconomic and geopolitical tensions that it creates, is not due to a lack of US government investment in the knowledge required for the mobility revolution. Nor is it because of a dearth of domestic demand for the equipment, devices, and applications that can make use of this infrastructure. Rather, the problem is the dereliction of key US-based business corporations to take the lead in making the investments in organizational learning required to generate cutting edge communication-infrastructure products. No company in the United States exemplifies this deficiency more than Cisco Systems, the business corporation founded in Silicon Valley in 1984 that had explosive growth in the 1990s to become the foremost global enterprise-networking equipment producer in the Internet revolution. This paper provides in-depth analysis of Cisco’s organizational failure, attributing it ultimately to the company’s turn from innovation in the last decades of 20th century to financialization in the early decades of the 21st century. Since 2001, Cisco’s top management has chosen to allocate corporate cash to open-market share repurchases— aka stock buybacks—for the purpose of giving manipulative boosts to the company stock price rather than make the investments in organizational learning required to become a world leader in communication-infrastructure equipment for the era of 5G and IoT. From October 2001 through October 2022, Cisco spent $152.3 billion—95 percent of its net income over the period—on stock buybacks for the purpose of propping up its stock price. These funds wasted in pursuit of “maximizing shareholder value” were on top of the $55.5 billion that Cisco paid out to shareholders in dividends, representing an additional 35 percent of net income. In this paper, we trace how Cisco grew from a Silicon Valley startup in 1984 to become, through its innovative products, the world leader in enterprise-networking equipment over the next decade and a half. As the company entered the 21st century, building on its dominance of enterprise-networking, Cisco was positioned to upgrade its technological capabilities to become a major infrastructureequipment vendor to service providers. We analyze how and why, when the Internet boom turned to bust in 2001, the organizational structure that enabled Cisco to dominate enterprise networking posed constraints related to manufacturing and marketing on the company’s growth in the more sophisticated infrastructure-equipment segment. We then document how from 2002 Cisco turned from innovation to financialization, as it used its ample profits to do stock buybacks to prop up its stock price. Finally, we ponder the larger policy implications of Cisco’s turn from innovation to financialization for the competitive position of the US information-and-communication technology (ICT) industry in the global economy.

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