Статті в журналах: "Zr-Cu"

1

Cai, Yanqing, Xinggang Chen, Qian Xu, and Ying Xu. "Anodic behaviour of Cu, Zr and Cu–Zr alloy in molten LiCl–KCl eutectic." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 1 (January 2019): 181278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181278.

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The anodic dissolution behaviours of Cu, Zr and Cu–Zr alloy were analysed in LiCl–KCl at 500°C by anode polarization curve and potentiostatic polarization curve. The results show that the initial and fast-dissolving potentials of Cu are −0.50 and −0.29 V, and Zr are −1.0 and −0.88 V, respectively. But, in the Cu–Zr alloy, the initial and fast-dissolving potentials of Cu are −0.52 and −0.41 V, and Zr are −0.96 and −0.92 V, respectively. The potentials satisfy the selection dissolution principle that Zr in the alloy dissolves first, while Cu is left in the anode and is not oxidized. The passivation phenomenon of Zr is observed in the quick dissolution of Zr, while it is not observed in the Cu–Zr alloy. Moreover, from the above anodic dissolution results, potentiostatic electrolysis of Cu–Zr alloy was carried out at −0.8 V for 40 min, and the anodic dissolution mechanism and kinetics of Zr in Cu–Zr alloy were also discussed. In the initial stage, Zr dissolves as Zr 4+ ions from the alloy surface and enters into the molten salt, leaving a Cu layer called ‘dissolving layer’ on the surface of the alloy. After that, another layer between the matrix and ‘dissolving layer’ called ‘diffusion–dissolution layer’ appears. Zr diffuses in the alloy matrix and dissolves as Zr 4+ ions on the surface of the ‘diffusion–dissolution layer’ continuously, and Zr 4+ ions diffuse through the ‘dissolving layer’ and enter into the molten salt finally. In addition, the factors affecting the dissolution of Cu–Zr alloy, such as time and potential, were also investigated. The dissolution loss increases with the increasing dissolution potential and time, while the dissolution rate increases with the increasing dissolution potential and declines with the prolonging dissolution time.

2

Zhilli, Dong, Atsushi Sekiya, Wataru Fujitani, and Shigenori Hori. "Age Hardening of Cu-Zr and Cu-Zr-Si Alloys." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 53, no. 7 (1989): 672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.53.7_672.

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3

Dinda, G. P., H. Rösner, and G. Wilde. "Cold-rolling induced amorphization in Cu–Zr, Cu–Ti–Zr and Cu–Ti–Zr–Ni multilayers." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 353, no. 32-40 (October 2007): 3777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.05.147.

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4

Liu, C. J., and J. S. Chen. "Influence of Zr additives on the microstructure and oxidation resistance of Cu(Zr) thin films." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 2 (February 2005): 496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0068.

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In this work, the microstructure and oxidation resistance of pure Cu, Cu(0.2 at.% Zr) and Cu(2.5 at.% Zr) alloy films deposited on SiO2/Si by sputtering were explored. Upon annealing, the Zr additives diffused to the free surface and reacted with the residual oxygen in the vacuum system. An additional ZrO2 layer formed and covered the Cu(2.5 at.% Zr) film surface after annealing at 700 °C for 30 min. Simultaneously, of the three films, the Cu(2.5 at.% Zr) film exhibited the highest degree of Cu(111) preferred orientation and the lowest degree of void growth upon annealing. Additionally, the Cu(2.5 at.% Zr) film pre-annealed at 700 °C showed a superior oxidation resistance when annealed at 200 °C in air for 15 min. Microstructure and oxidation resistance of Cu(Zr) alloy films were clearly affected by the ZrO2 layer formed via the segregation of Zr additives, and the connection is discussed.

5

Pi, Zhao Hui, Guang Qiang Li, Yan Ping Xiao, Zhan Zhang, Zhuo Zhao, and Yong Xiang Yang. "An Experimental Investigation on the Solubility of Zr in Cu-Sn Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 887-888 (February 2014): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.324.

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An experimental investigation on the solubility of Zr in Cu-Sn alloy was conducted in a resistance furnace. The solubility of Zr in Cu-Sn alloy was determined by investigating the influence of different conditions such as the ratio of Cu-Sn alloy and temperature. The solubility of Zr in Cu-Sn alloy changes with the proportion of Cu and Sn, and it increases with the increasing of Cu content. The experimental temperature has a significant effect on the solubility of Zr in Cu-Sn alloy. The maximum solubility of Zr in Cu-Sn alloy is 6.2 mass % at 900 °C with the mass ratio of Cu : Sn = 8:2.

6

Zhang, J. Y., Y. Liu, J. Chen, Y. Chen, G. Liu, X. Zhang, and J. Sun. "Mechanical properties of crystalline Cu/Zr and crystal–amorphous Cu/Cu–Zr multilayers." Materials Science and Engineering: A 552 (August 2012): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.05.056.

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7

Kondoh, Katsuyoshi, Junji Fujita, Junko Umeda, and Tadashi Serikawa. "Estimation of Compositions of Zr-Cu Binary Sputtered Film and Its Characterization." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2008 (2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/518354.

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Zr-Cu amorphous films were prepared by radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering on glass substrate using two kinds of the elemental composite targets: Cu chips on Zr plate and Zr chips on Cu plate. It was easy to precisely control chemical compositions of sputtered films by selecting the chip metal and the number of chips. It is possible to accurately estimate the film compositions by using the sputtered area and the deposition rate of Cu and Zr. XRD analysis on every as-sputtered film showed the broadened pattern. Zr-rich composition film, however, revealed a small peak at the diffraction angle of , and Cu-rich one indicated it at . TEM and electron diffraction analysis on the former also showed the main Zr ring patterns and its streaks. Zr-rich composition film with Cu content of 34 at% or less indicated a good corrosion resistance by salt spray test. On the other hand, Cu-rich version with 74 at% Cu or more was poor in corrosion resistance. This was because Zr was reactively passive, and caused the spontaneous formation of a hard non-reactive surface film that inhibited further corrosion than Cu.

8

Oh, Ki Hwan, Hob Yung Kim, and Sun Ig Hong. "Mechanical and Microstructural Analyses of Three Layered Cu-Ni-Zn/Cu-Zr/Cu-Ni-Zn Clad Material Processed by High Pressure Torsioning (HPT)." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1161.

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Cu-Ni-Zn/Cu-Zr/Cu-Ni-Zn three layered clad plates were prepared by high pressure torsioning (HPT) at room temperature and theirmicrostructural and mechanical analyses wereperformed. No intermetallic compounds were observed at Cu-Zr/Cu-Ni-Zn interfaces in the as-HPTed and heat-treated Cu/Ni-Zn/Cu-Zr/Cu-Ni-Zn clad plates. The strength of as-HPTed clad plate reached up to 610 MPa with the ductility of 14%. After heat treatment at 500oC, Cu-Ni-Zn/Cu-Zr/Cu-Ni-Zn clad plate exhibited the strength up to 490 MPa and the ductility of 28 %. The clad plate fractured all together at the same time without discontinuous drop of the stress until final fracture. The excellent mechanical reliability and the good interfacialbonding strength can be attributed to the absence of detrimental interfacial reaction compounds between Cu-Ni-Zn and Cu-Zr.

9

Zhai, Yan Nan, Hun Zhang, Kun Yang, Zhao Xin Wang, and Li Li Zhang. "Improvement of Zr-N Diffusion Barrier Performance in Cu Metallization by Insertion of a Thin Zr Layer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 1148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.1148.

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In order to increase the failure temperature of Zr-N diffusion barrier for Cu, the effect of insertion of a thin Zr layer into Zr-N film on Zr-N diffusion barrier performance in Cu metallization was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and 4-point probe technique. XRD,SEM ,AES and FPP results show that the insertion of a thin Zr layer into Zr-N film improves barrier properties significantly when the ZrN / Zr/ZrN barrier layers are deposited by RF reactive magnetron sputtering and Zr-N(10nm)/Zr (5nm)/Zr-N(10nm) barrier tolerates annealing at 700°C for 1 h without any breaking and agglomerating Cu film. This interpretes that insertion of a thin Zr layer into Zr-N film is attributed to the densification of grain boundaries in ZrN/Zr/ZrN films followed by the reduction of fast diffusion of Cu through ZrN /Zr/ ZrN multilayered films.

10

Kim, Young-Min, and Byeong-Joo Lee. "A modified embedded-atom method interatomic potential for the Cu–Zr system." Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 4 (April 2008): 1095–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0130.

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A modified embedded-atom method (MEAM) interatomic potential for the Cu–Zr system has been developed based on the previously developed MEAM potentials for pure Cu and Zr. The potential describes fundamental physical properties and alloy behavior of the Cu–Zr binary system reasonably well. The applicability of the potential to atomistic investigations of mechanical and deformation behavior for the Cu–Zr binary and Cu–Zr-based multicomponent amorphous alloys is also demonstrated by showing that fully relaxed and realistic amorphous structures can be generated by molecular dynamics simulations.

11

Li, Hui Qiang, and Long Fei Liu. "Calculation of the Viscosity of Zr-Based Metallic Glass Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 548–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.548.

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With the effects of electronic structure and atomic size being introduced, a revised model to calculate the viscosity of the bulk metallic glass alloys was proposed and the viscosity of ternary Zr-Al-Cu, Zr-Ni-Al and quaternary Zr-Al-Ni-Cu systems are calculated in this paper, and the computed results agree well with the empirical one. The sequence of viscosity of different systems is: VZr-Al-Cu <VZr-Al-Ni<.VZr-Al-Ni-Cu. To Zr-Al-Cu and Zr-Ni-Al, the highest viscosity locates in the composition range of XZr=0.37-0.86, XCu=0-0.40 and XZr = 0.45-0.79, XAl = 0.12-0.50, respectively. And to the Zr-Ni-Al-Cu system with 66.67% Zr, the highest viscosity is obtained in the region of XAl= 0.63-0.80, XNi = 0.14-0.24.

12

Zhang, Ailong, Ding Chen, and Zhenhua Chen. "Effect of Cu/Zr content ratio on the thermal stability of Cu–Zr-rich Cu–Zr–Al BMGs." Philosophical Magazine Letters 93, no. 5 (May 2013): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500839.2013.769069.

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13

Wang, C. C., and C. H. Wong. "Interpenetrating networks in Zr–Cu–Al and Zr–Cu metallic glasses." Intermetallics 22 (March 2012): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2011.10.022.

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14

Cai, An Hui, Wei Ke An, Xiao Song Li, Yun Luo, and Tie Lin Li. "Property of Cu-Zr-Ti Ternary Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 1477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.1477.

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The influence of Zr on the property of Cu(50+x)Zr(40-x)Ti10 (0≤x≤30 at.%) alloys were investigated. The results show that the maximum size for the glass formation in this Cu-Zr-Ti system is less than 8 mm. The hardness increases with decreasing of the Zr content, then decreases when the Zr content exceeds 10~15 at.% due to the obvious alteration of the type of the crystalline phases and the microstructure. With decreasing of the Zr content, the transformation sequence of the main Cu-Zr phase is Cu10Zr7→Cu5Zr→Cu51Zr14; the transformation sequence of Cu-Ti phase is Cu4Ti3→CuTi→CuTi3. In addition, the atom ratio of Cu60Zr30Ti10 alloys is coherent with that of their corresponding crystalline phase, resulting in its better glass forming ability.

15

Sun, Haoliang, Xiaoxue Huang, Xinxin Lian, and Guangxin Wang. "Discrepancies in the Microstructures of Annealed Cu–Zr Bulk Alloy and Cu–Zr Alloy Films." Materials 12, no. 15 (August 2, 2019): 2467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12152467.

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Copper–zirconium bulk alloy and Cu–Zr alloy films are prepared by vacuum smelting and magnetron sputtering, respectively, and subsequently annealing is conducted. Results show that Cu–Zr bulk alloy and alloy films exhibit significantly different microstructure evolution behaviors after annealing due to different microstructures and residual stress states. CuxZr alloy compounds disperse at the grain boundary of Cu grains in as-cast and annealed Cu–Zr bulk alloys. However, unlike bulk alloys, a large number of polyhedral Cu particles are formed on the Cu–Zr thin films’ surface upon thermal annealing. Kinetically, the residual compressive stress in the Cu–Zr films promotes the formation of Cu particles. The influencing factors and the path for mass transport in the formation of the particles are discussed. The large-specific surface area particles/film composite structure has potential applications in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering, catalysis, and other fields.

16

Turchanin, M. A., P. G. Agraval, and A. R. Abdulov. "Thermodynamic assessment of the Cu-Ti-Zr system. II. Cu-Zr and Ti-Zr systems." Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 47, no. 7-8 (July 2008): 428–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11106-008-9039-x.

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17

Chen, Cunguang, Qianyue Cui, Chengwei Yu, Pei Li, Weihao Han, and Junjie Hao. "Effects of Zr-Cu Alloy Powder on Microstructure and Properties of Cu Matrix Composite with Highly-Aligned Flake Graphite." Materials 13, no. 24 (December 14, 2020): 5709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245709.

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Highly-aligned flake graphite (FG) reinforced Cu matrix composites with high thermal conductivity and adaptive coefficient of thermal expansion were successfully prepared via the collaborative process of tape-casting and hot-pressing sintering. To overcome the problem of fragile interface, Zr-Cu alloy powder was introduced instead of pure Zr powder to enhance the interfacial strength, ascribed to the physical-chemical bonding at the Cu-FG interface. The results indicate that the synthetic ZrC as interfacial phase affects the properties of FG/Cu composites. The thermal conductivity reaches the maximum value of 608.7 W/m∙K (52% higher than pure Cu) with 0.5 wt % Zr. Surprisingly, the negative coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in the Z direction is acquired from −7.61 × 10−6 to −1.1 × 10−6/K with 0 to 2 wt % Zr due to the physical mechanism of strain-engineering of the thermal expansion. Moreover, the CTE in X-Y plane with Zr addition is 8~10 × 10−6/K, meeting the requirements of semiconductor materials. Furthermore, the bending strength of the FG/Cu-2 wt % Zr composite is 42% higher than the FG/Cu composite. Combining excellent thermal conductivity with ultralow thermal expansion make the FG/Cu-Zr composites be a highly promising candidate in the electronic packaging field.

18

Janovszky, Dóra, and Kinga Tomolya. "Designing Amorphous/Crystalline Composites by Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation." Materials Science Forum 790-791 (May 2014): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.790-791.473.

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The Cu-Zr-Ag system is characterized by a miscibility gap. The liquid separates into Ag-rich and Cu-Zr rich liquids. Yttrium was added to the Cu-Zr-Ag and Cu-Zr-Ag-Al systems and its influence on liquid immiscibility was studied. This alloying element has been chosen to check the effect of the heat of mixing between silver and the given element. In the case of Ag-Y system it is highly negative (-29 kJ/mol). The liquid becomes immiscible in the Cu-Zr-Ag-Y system. To the effect of Y addition the quaternary liquid decomposed into Ag-Y rich and Cu-Zr rich liquids. The Y addition increased the field of miscibility gap. An amorphous/crystalline composite with 6 mm thickness has been successfully produced by liquid-liquid separation based on preliminary calculation of its composition. The matrix was Cu38Zr48Al6Ag8 and the crystalline phases were Ag-Y rich separate spherical droplets.

19

Li, Hui Qiang, and Long Fei Liu. "Quantitative Evaluation of the Glass Forming Ability of (Cu-Zr) Based Glass Alloys with Thermodynamics Method." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1622.

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Along nucleation → crystalline growth →crystalline fraction → critical cooling rate, the relationship between the nucleation, elements, cooling rate and the Glass Forming Ability of (Cu-Zr) based glass alloys is quantitatively studied with thermodynamics method, and a better method to evaluate the critical cooling rate of glass alloys is also proposed in this paper. The computed results show that: (1) with the increase of element number, the steady state nucleation rate drops gradually. From Cu-Zr, Cu-Zr-Al, Cu-Zr-Al-Ni, to Cu-Zr-Al-Ni-Ti, the peak value of nucleation rate decreases from 1021mol-1s-1to 1013mol-1s-1. It is also found the nucleation rate both drops with the substitution of Ni with Cu or Al with Zr; (2) with the increase of cooling rate, the nucleation rate drops sharply. When the cooling rate reaches 103K/s, the nucleation rates of Cu64Zr36, Cu54Zr42.5Al3.5, Cu55Zr40Al5and Cu30Zr55Al10Ni5drop to 109mol-1s-1, 106mol-1s-1, 107mol-1s-1and 103mol-1s-1accordingly.

20

Tian, Feng, Jing-wen Qu, Ming-hua Shi, Bo-shuai Li, and Jie Li. "Study on Effects of Cu content on Microstructure and corrosion resistance of Zr-Nb alloys." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2539, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2539/1/012010.

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Abstract With the further development of nuclear power, the fuel burn-up continues to increase and the refueling cycle is extended, which puts forward higher requirements for the performance of fuel cladding materials. In this paper, Zr-Nb-0.1Fe-x (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%) Cu alloy samples were prepared by using the process route and process parameters of industrial production of zirconium alloy plates. The effects of Cu content on the microstructure of Zr-Nb alloy and the corrosion resistance in 18.6 MPa / 360 °C Li+B aqueous solution were studied by means of high-temperature autoclave simulation test, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, metallographic microscope, and XRD observation and analysis. The results show that Zr-Nb-0.1Fe-xCu alloy precipitates a large number of elliptical second-phase particles, mainly distributed in the crystal. With the increase of Cu content, the number of the second phase whose size is greater than 100 nm increases, the solid solubility of Cu in the alloy matrix of Zr-Nb-0.1Fe-xCu alloy is less than 0.1%, and the second phase of Zr-Nb-0.1Fe-0.05% Cu alloy is mainly β-Nb and Zr-Nb-0.1Fe compounds, Zr-Nb-0.1Fe - (0.1%, 0.2%) Cu alloy second phase is mainly a large amount of β-Nb and Zr-Nb-0.1Fe and a small amount of Zr Cu compounds. The corrosion resistance of Zr-1Nb-0.1Fe alloy can be improved by adding ≤ 0.2% Cu. After 434 d of corrosion, the oxide film was completely transformed from t-ZrO2 to m-ZrO2. The interface between the oxide film and metal was tightly bound, and there were transverse microcracks in the oxide film, but it did not fall off. When the content of Cu is 0.2%, the corrosion resistance is the best.

21

Simic, M., J. Ruzic, D. Bozic, N. Stoymenov, S. Goshev, D. Karastoyanov, and J. Stasic. "The influence of boron addition on properties of copper-zirconium alloys." Science of Sintering, no. 00 (2023): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos220421003s.

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Copper-zirconium alloys with high conductivity were produced using powder metallurgy. Two-steps manufacturing process, containing mechanical alloying followed by hot pressing, was applied in achieving improved mechanical and physical properties of Cu-Zr alloy. In this paper, the influence of boron on Cu-Zr alloys properties was studied on Cu-1Zr (wt.%) and Cu-1.1Zr-0.3B (wt.%) systems. Scanning electron microscopy, laser nanoparticle sizer, computed tomography and X-ray diffraction were employed for observation of changes in the microstructure during production steps. More specifically - variations in size of the Cu particles, powder mixtures? structural parameters, and development of CuZr phase in binary alloy, CuZr phase and ZrB2 particles in ternary alloy were observed. It was shown that presence of boron increases dislocation density in ternary alloy over the mechanical alloying time compared to binary alloy. The results presented in this study show higher hardening effect in Cu-Zr- B alloy compared to Cu-Zr alloy, resulting in stable hardness values during thermomechanical treatment. Further, it can be seen that finely dispersed reinforcing ZrB2 particles in copper matrix does not have significant influence on its conductivity. Moreover, both systems Cu-Zr and Cu-Zr-B exhibit better electrical conductivity after thermomechanical treatment as a result of zirconium reduction in solid solution due to its precipitation.

22

BASKOUTAS, S., V. KAPAKLIS, and C. POLITIS. "BULK AMORPHOUS Zr57Cu20Al10Ni8Ti5 AND Zr55Cu19Al8Ni8Ti5Si5 ALLOYS PREPARED BY ARC MELTING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 24 (September 20, 2002): 3707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202013018.

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We have produced bulk amorphous materials by quenching arc melted melts in water cooled copper die. Alloys of the composition Zr 57 Cu 20 Al 10 Ni 8 Ti 5 and Zr 55 Cu 19 Al 8 Ni 8 Ti 5 Si 5 were produced in the form of small cylinders with a diameter of 3 mm and a length of 25 mm. The alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis to determine the structure and thermal properties. Complete amorphous X-ray patterns were observed for both alloys. The glass transition temperature is 362°C for the Zr 57 Cu 20 Al 10 Ni 8 Ti 5 alloy and 363°C for the Zr 55 Cu 19 Al 8 Ni 8 Ti 5 Si 5 alloy. The crystallization temperature of the Zr 57 Cu 20 Al 10 Ni 8 Ti 5 alloy was measured to be 414.6°C. The Zr 55 Cu 19 Al 8 Ni 8 Ti 5 Si 5 alloy has a higher crystallization temperature of 425.5°C.

23

Okamoto, H. "Cu-Zr (Copper-Zirconium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 29, no. 2 (February 7, 2008): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-008-9267-2.

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24

Okamoto, H. "Cu-Zr (Copper-Zirconium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 33, no. 5 (July 25, 2012): 417–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-012-0077-1.

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25

Arias, D., and J. P. Abriata. "Cu-Zr (Copper-Zirconium)." Journal of Phase Equilibria 11, no. 5 (October 1990): 452–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02898260.

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26

Савиных, Д. О., С. А. Хайнаков, А. И. Орлова, С. Гарсия-Гранда та Л. С. Алексеева. "Синтез и тепловое расширение фосфатов Na-Zr-Cu и Ca-Zr-Cu". Неорганические материалы 56, № 4 (2020): 408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0002337x20040144.

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27

Lekka, Ch E. "Cu–Zr and Cu–Zr–Al clusters: Bonding characteristics and mechanical properties." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 504 (August 2010): S190—S193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.02.067.

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28

Song, Tae-Ung, Ja-Uk Koo, Seung-Byeong Jeon, and Chang-Yeol Jeong. "Investigation of Phase Transformation and Mechanical Properties of A356 Alloy with Cu and Zr Addition during Heat Treatment." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 61, no. 5 (May 5, 2023): 311–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2023.61.5.311.

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Cast A356(Al-Si-Mg) alloys are widely used in automotive and general applications because of their mechanical properties and castability. Al-Si-Mg-(Cu) alloys typically lose their strength above 170 o C due to coarsening of precipitates, which limits their application to components. To maintain their strength at elevated temperature, Al-Si-Mg-(Cu) alloys are modified by adding transitional metals. Several studies have been carried out to evaluate the effect of Zr addition on the high temperature mechanical properties of cast Al-Si alloys because Zr can form thermally stable phases such as Al3Zr. Despite the relative studies on the influence of Cu and Zr on the mechanical properties of cast Al-Si-Mg-(Cu) alloys, investigations of the effect of Zr on the phase transformations and the mechanical properties during heat treatment remains limited. In this study, the effects of added Cu and Zr on the phase transformations and the mechanical performance during heat treatment of A356 cast alloy were investigated. Needle-like and block-like (Al,Si)3(Ti,Zr) dispersoids formed as some Si and Ti replaced Al and Zr in Al3Zr crystal structures were generally observed. Furthermore, with increasing solution treatment time, the size of Zr dispersoids was reduced, and smaller Zr particles were precipitated at the same time, which caused a decrease in the area fraction of the Zr dispersoids. In addition, the metastable L12 structures of Zr dispersoids in Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Zr alloys were transformed into stable D023 during solution heat treatment as the Cu addition accelerated the transformation. Tensile and low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were performed to reveal the effects of (Al,Si)3(Ti,Zr) dispersoids on mechanical properties. As a result, elongation at elevated temperature was highly increased, while maintaining strength, according to the increase in solution heat treatment time, which improved low-cycle fatigue properties.

29

Zhai, Yannan, Zhaoxin Wang, Hui Zhang, Ling Gao, and Changhong Ding. "Improvement of thermal stability of Ta-N film in Cu metallization by a Zr-Si interlayer." E3S Web of Conferences 271 (2021): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127104015.

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Ta-N (10 nm)/Zr (20 nm) film was grown on n-type (100) silicon wafer at various substrate temperatures in a rf magnetron sputtering system, followed by in situ deposition of Cu. The Cu/Ta-N/Zr/Si samples were subjected to thermal annealing up to 800 ℃ under the protection of pure nitrogen gas. In order to investigate the effect of insertion of a thin Zr layer under Ta-N film on Ta-N diffusion barrier performance in Cu metallization, Cu/Ta-N/Zr/Si contact system was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), four-point probe (FPP) measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profile. The results reveal that the microstructure of Ta-N films deposited on Zr is amorphous at different substrate temperatures. The barrier breakdown temperature of Ta-N/Zr film is about 100°C higher than that of Ta-N. It can effectively prevent the diffusion of Cu after annealed at 800°C. The improvement of diffusion barrier performance may be due to the production of Zr-Si layer with low contact resistivity after annealed at 800°C.

30

Liang, Zhoubing, Huan Li, Jianrong Xie, Songshou Ye, Jinbao Zheng, and Nuowei Zhang. "Cu/ZrO2 Catalyst Modified with Y2O3 for Effective and Stable Dehydration of Glycerol to Acetol." Molecules 29, no. 2 (January 11, 2024): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29020356.

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Glycerol is a main by-product of biodiesel production, and its further processing is essential for the biorefinery. In this paper, a highly active and stable catalyst for the catalytic dehydration of glycerol to acetol is obtained by modifying a Cu-Zr (ZrO2 supported Cu) catalyst with Y2O3 using a co-precipitation method. It is found that the addition of Y2O3 effectively enhances the catalytic performance of Cu-Zr. Cu-Zr reaches the highest selectivity (82.4%) to acetol at 24 h. However, the selectivity decreases to 70.1% at 36 h. The conversion also decreases from 99.2 to 91.1%. Cu-Zr-Y exhibits very high activity and very good stability. During a 250 h reaction, no deactivation is observed, and the conversion and selectivity remains ~100% and ~85%, respectively. The catalysts are characterized by XRD, TEM, H2-TPR, and NH3-TPD. The results reveal that Y2O3 not only improves the dispersion of Cu and the acidity of the catalyst but also restrains the agglomeration of Cu particles and assists retaining the main structure of support under reaction conditions. The high dispersion, high acidity content, and stable structure contributes to the excellent catalytic performance of Cu-Zr-Y.

31

Inoue, Akihisa, Bao Long Shen, and Akira Takeuchi. "Syntheses and Applications of Fe-, Co-, Ni- and Cu-Based Bulk Glassy Alloys." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.92.

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This paper reviews our recent results of the formation, fundamental properties, workability and applications of late transition metal (LTM) base bulk glassy alloys (BGAs) developed since 1995. The BGAs were obtained in Fe-(Al,Ga)-(P,C,B,Si), Fe-(Cr,Mo)-(C,B), Fe-(Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta)-B, Fe-Ln-B(Ln=lanthanide metal), Fe-B-Si-Nb and Fe-Nd-Al for Fe-based alloys, Co-(Ta,Mo)-B and Co-B-Si-Nb for Co-based alloys, Ni-Nb-(Ti,Zr)-(Co,Ni) for Ni-based alloys, and Cu-Ti-(Zr,Hf), Cu-Al-(Zr,Hf), Cu-Ti-(Zr,Hf)-(Ni,Co) and Cu-Al-(Zr,Hf)-(Ag,Pd) for Cu-based alloys. These BGAs exhibit useful properties of high mechanical strength, large elastic elongation and high corrosion resistance. In addition, Fe- and Co-based glassy alloys have good soft magnetic properties which cannot be obtained for amorphous and crystalline type magnetic alloys. The Feand Ni-based BGAs have already been used in some application fields. These LTM base BGAs are promising as new metallic engineering materials.

32

Lityńska, Lidia, Jan Dutkiewicz, and Krzysztof Parliński. "Experimental and theoretical characterization of Al₃Sc precipitates in Al–Mg–Si–Cu–Sc–Zr alloys." International Journal of Materials Research 97, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2006-0051.

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Abstract The structure of Al3Sc precipitates in Al –Mg– Si–Cu – Sc –Zr alloys annealed at 450 °C was investigated using transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The Al3Sc particles contain mainly Sc and small amounts of Zr, Si, and Cu. The addition of Zr limits the size of the Al3Sc precipitates to about 10– 30 nm, and these precipitates are coherent with the matrix. Density functional energy calculations showed that exceptionally small energies are required to dissolve Zr and Cu in Sc and Al sublattices, respectively. On the contrary, Cu, Mg, and Si are difficult to be dissolved in the Sc sublattice.

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Martínez, C., F. Briones, P. Rojas, S. Ordoñez, C. Aguilar, and D. Guzmán. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Copper, Nickel and Ternary Alloys Cu-Ni-Zr Obtained by Mechanical Alloying and Hot Pressing." MRS Advances 2, no. 50 (2017): 2831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.519.

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ABSTRACTElemental powders of Cu and Ni, binary alloys (Cu-Ni and Cu-Zr) and ternary alloy (Cu-Ni-Zr) obtained by mechanical alloying and uniaxial compaction hot microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The alloys studied were: pure Cu, pure Ni, binary alloys (Cu-Ni; Cu-Zr) and ternary alloys (Cu-Ni-Zr) under the same mechanical milling and hot pressing conditions. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM); the mechanical properties were studied by compression tests and hardness in Vickers scale (HV0.5) on polished surfaces at room temperature. According to XRD results, hot pressing process crystallite size increase and microstrain decreases in the compact samples due to the release of crystalline defects. The compacted samples have porosity of approximately 20%. The milling powder samples have a higher hardness than the unmilled samples, this because during milling crystal defects are incorporated together with the microstructural refinement. Ternary alloy is the one with the highest hardness of all systems studied, reaching 689 HV0.5. In compression tests determined a strain 5 %, Zr-containing samples become more fragile presenting the lowest values of compressive strength. In contrast, samples of Ni and Cu-Ni binary alloy are more resistant to compression.

34

Jia, Zhengfeng, Yuchang Su, Yanqiu Xia, Xin Shao, Yanxin Song, and Junjie Ni. "Friction and wear behavior of Cu–Cr–Zr alloy lubricated with acid rain." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 66, no. 3 (April 8, 2014): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-02-2012-0015.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the tribological properties of a Cu–Cr–Zr alloy lubricated with acid rain. Design/methodology/approach – The Cu 2.5 weight per cent–Cr-0.08 weight per cent–Zr alloy was produced in a vacuum induction furnace. The H2SO4 + H2O, HNO3 + H2O and H2SO4 + HNO3 + H2O mixtures with pH of 5 were used as acid rain. Pure water was used as rain. The friction and wear properties of Cu–Cr–Zr alloy/American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 52100 steel couples lubricated with acid rain were investigated using a reciprocating ball-on-disc friction and wear tester (Optimol SRV, Germany). For investigating the properties of the alloy and wear scars, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrum, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope were used. Findings – The wear rate of the Cu–Cr–Zr alloy lubricated with H2O containing HNO3 (pH = 5) was larger than pure water under the same conditions. The tribofilms containing Cu, Cr, Zr, S and N formed during sliding with acid rain, but corrosion also took place at that time. Originality/value – The wear rate of the Cu–Cr–Zr alloy lubricated with H2O containing HNO3 (pH = 5) was larger than pure water, the wear and corrosion took place during sliding. As the trolley wires, the life of the Cu–Cr–Zr alloy was influenced by the environment.

35

Guo, Pan-Pan, Zhen-Hong He, Shao-Yan Yang, Weitao Wang, Kuan Wang, Cui-Cui Li, Yuan-Yuan Wei, Zhao-Tie Liu, and Buxing Han. "Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction to ethylene over ZrO₂/Cu-Cu₂O catalysts in aqueous electrolytes." Green Chemistry 24, no. 4 (2022): 1527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc04284j.

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36

Zhang, Jiale, Huihui Song, Jinyu Fang, Xueling Hou, Shuiming Huang, Jie Xiang, Tao Lu, and Chao Zhou. "Study on Coated Zr-V-Cr Getter with Pore Gradient Structure for Hydrogen Masers." Materials 15, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 6147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15176147.

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As the core component of satellite navigation, the hydrogen maser needs a high vacuum environment to maintain the stability of the frequency signal. The getter pump, composed of various non-evaporable getters, plays an important role in maintaining the high vacuum. In this paper, the Zr100-xCux (x = 0, 2, 4, 6)/Zr56.97V35.85Cr7.18 getter was studied and the contradiction between sorption performance and mechanical properties was solved. The Zr-V-Cr getter, a better candidate for getter pump, exists for problems which will destroy the high vacuum and affect the service life of the hydrogen maser. To solve the problem of dropping powder from Zr-V-Cr getter, Zr-Cu films were coated on the surface of Zr-V-Cr matrix to obtain the pore gradient structure. After vacuum sintering, the interface showed gradient structure and network change in pore structure from Zr-Cu film to Zr-V-Cr matrix. These characteristic structures made Zr-V-Cr getter have good absorption properties, which is better than a similar product of SAES company and mechanical properties. Because the Zr-Cu film on Zr-V-Cr matrix effectively prevented dropping powders from the matrix, (Zr-Cu)/(Zr-V-Cr) getter solved the problem of dropping powder. The self-developed new getter with pore gradient structure is of great significance for maintaining the high vacuum of hydrogen maser in the future.

37

Kang, Dae Hoon, and In-Ho Jung. "Critical thermodynamic evaluation and optimization of the Ag–Zr, Cu–Zr and Ag–Cu–Zr systems and its applications to amorphous Cu–Zr–Ag alloys." Intermetallics 18, no. 5 (May 2010): 815–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2009.12.013.

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38

Tillmann, W., J. Pfeiffer, L. Wojarski, and J. E. Indacochea. "Reaktives Diffusionslöten von Keramik an Stahl mittels Zr-Cu-Zr- und Zr-Ni-Cu-Zr-Schichten für Anwendungen im Hochtemperaturbereich." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 45, no. 6 (June 2014): 512–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201400267.

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39

Cho, Hoon. "Development of High Strength and High Conductivity Cu-Ag-Zr Alloy." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1323.

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The development trend for diagnostics is reducing the diameter of coaxial signal cables that comprise the probe cable. The thinner super-fine coaxial cable which is offering superior electronic and mechanical properties, such as 75% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard, electrical conductivity) and 700 ~ 800 MPa in tensile strength has to be developed. Three binary systems, Cu-Ag, Cu-Zr and Ag-Zr were thermodynamically optimized in the present study. Integration of optimized binary phase diagram can give useful information to predict the possible phases for the ternary Cu-Ag-Zr during manufacturing process. The large Cu5Zr particles were found at grain boundaries of as-cast alloys, which results from the strong affinity between Cu and Zr as well as no solubility of Zr in the Cu matrix. This coarse Cu5Zr phase was not dissolved fully during homogenization resides within the microstructure. Therefore, this phase induces decreasing in tensile strength after ageing.

40

Morozova, A., R. Mishnev, A. Belyakov, and R. Kaibyshev. "Microstructure and Properties of Fine Grained Cu-Cr-Zr Alloys after Termo-Mechanical Treatments." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 54, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 56–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2018-0020.

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Abstract Cu-Cr-Zr alloys provide an excellent combination of strength and electric conductivity and are frequently used as engineering materials in various electric/electronic devises. The present review deals with the microstructural design of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys, their alloying concept, thermo-mechanical processing based on technique of severe plastic deformation, physical mechanisms responsible for high strength and electric conductivity. The influences of microstructure and a dispersion of secondary phases on the mechanical properties and electric conductivity are discussed in detail. First, precipitation sequences during aging that leads to depletion of Zr and Cr solutes from Cu solution are critically reviewed in close connection with interaction mechanisms between dislocations and particles. Then, the main structure-property relationships of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys are considered. Finally, the strengthening of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys through severe plastic deformation by means of submicrocrystalline/nanocrystalline structure and increasing dislocation density as well as the effects of post-deformation heat treatment on the mechanical and electric properties are discussed.

41

Sun, Ju-Hyun, Dong-Myoung Lee, Chi-Hwan Lee, Joo-Wha Hong, and Seung-Yong Shin. "A novel Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu eutectic system with low melting temperature for the brazing of titanium alloys near 800 °C." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 2 (February 2010): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0047.

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This article reports on low (below 800 °C) melting temperature characteristics of a Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu alloy system, designed by adding a small amount of Cu to a Zr-Ti-Ni eutectic alloy system in the Zr-rich corner of the Zr-Ti-Ni system. A series of Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu-based alloy buttons of varying Cu content was fabricated by an arc melting machine. The melting temperature ranges of the quaternary alloys were systematically examined by differential thermal analysis (DTA). As a result, a quaternary eutectic alloy of composition Zr54Ti22Ni16Cu8 with a low melting temperature range from 774 °C to 783 °C was found. In addition, structural and chemical analysis results for the slowly solidified, quaternary eutectic alloy sample revealed equivalent quaternary eutectic structure and phases to those of the ternary eutectic Zr50Ti26Ni24 alloy, except for a small amount of Cu dissolved in individual constituent phases. The wetting angle tested at 800 °C for 60 s on the commercially pure titanium was about 25°.

42

Sun, Xiao Jun, Jie He, and Jiu Zhou Zhao. "Microstructure Formation and Nanoindentation Behavior of Rapidly Solidified Cu-Fe-Zr Immiscible Alloys." Materials Science Forum 993 (May 2020): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.39.

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The binary Cu-Fe system is characterized by a metastable liquid miscibility gap. WhenZr is added into the Cu-Fe alloy, the miscibility gap can be extended into Cu-Fe-Zr ternary system. In the present study Cu-Fe-Zr alloys were prepared by single-roller melting-spinning method, and the samples were characterized by the SEM, EDS, HRTEM and nanoidentation. The results show that liquid-liquid phase separation into CuZr-rich and FeZr-rich liquids takes place during rapid cooling the Cu-Fe-Zr alloy, and the mechanism depends on the atomic ratio of Cu to Fe. With increasing Zr content, the size of secondary phase formed by the liquid-liquid phase separation reduces to nanoscale. The structure with amorphous Cu-rich nanoparticles embedded in the amorphous Fe-rich matrix was obtained in the as-quenched Cu20Fe20Zr60 alloy. For its structure particularity of the Cu20Fe20Zr60 sample, mechanical evaluation was carried out by using nanoindentation.

43

Feng, Lu, Quanming Liu, Weimin Long, Guoxiang Jia, Haiying Yang, and Yangyang Tang. "Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of V-Modified Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni Filler Metals." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010199.

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TA2 titanium alloy was brazed with Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-V filler metals developed in a laboratory. The melting properties, the microstructures, phase compositions of filler metals and wettability, erosion properties, tensile properties of the brazed joint were studied in detail. The results show that with the increase of V content, the solidus–liquidus temperature of Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-V filler metals increased, but the temperature difference basically remained unchanged, trace V element had a limited influence on the melting temperature range of Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni filler metals. The microstructure of Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-1.5V filler metal was composed of Ti, Zr matrix, (Zr, Cu) solid solution and crystal phase. With the addition of V content, these phases containing V such as Ni3VZr2, NiV3, Ni2V in the molten filler metals increased. V was more inclined to combine with Ni to slow down the diffusion of Ni to titanium matrix. The wettability of filler metal with trace (≤0.5 wt.%) V to TA2 titanium alloy became worse, the wettability improved significantly with continuous increase of V content. The thickness of embrittlement layer and intergranular infiltration region decreased significantly by adding V. With the increase of V content, V could regulate the brazing interface reaction, more strengthened phases generated, which resulted the significant increase of the strength (302.72 MPa) and plasticity index (16.3%) of the brazed joint with Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-1.5V filler metal.

44

Radojević, B. B., Kamanio Chattopadhyay, P. Bhattacharya, and M. Davidović. "On the Stability and Structure of Zr-Cu and Zr-Ti-Cu Alloys." Solid State Phenomena 61-62 (June 1998): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.61-62.109.

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45

Nakashima, Kao, Kenta Miyamoto, Takahiro Kunimine, Ryoichi Monzen, and Naokuni Muramatsu. "Precipitation behavior of Cu–Zr compounds in a Cu-0.13 wt%Zr alloy." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 816 (March 2020): 152650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152650.

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46

Turchanin, M. A., T. Ya Velikanova, P. G. Agraval, A. R. Abdulov, and L. A. Dreval’. "Thermodynamic assessment of the Cu-Ti-Zr system. III. Cu-Ti-Zr system." Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 47, no. 9-10 (September 2008): 586–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11106-008-9062-y.

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47

Xia, Peng, Shuncheng Wang, Huilan Huang, Nan Zhou, Dongfu Song, and Yiwang Jia. "Effect of Sc and Zr Additions on Recrystallization Behavior and Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys." Materials 14, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 5516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195516.

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The recrystallization and intergranular corrosion behaviors impacted by the additions of Sc and Zr in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys are investigated. The stronger effect of coherent Al3(Sc1−xZrx) phases on pinning dislocation resulted in a lower degree of recrystallization in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc-Zr alloy, while the subgrain boundaries can escape from the pinning of Al3Zr phases and merge with each other, bringing about a higher degree of recrystallization in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy. A low degree of recrystallization promotes the precipitation of grain boundary precipitates (GBPs) with a discontinuous distribution, contributing to the high corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc-Zr alloy in the central layer. The primary Al3(Sc1−xZrx) phase promotes recrystallization due to particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN), and acts as the cathode to stimulate an accelerated electrochemical process between the primary Al3(Sc1−xZrx) particles and GBPs, resulting in a sharp decrease of the corrosion resistance in the surface layer of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc-Zr alloy.

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Bhatt, J., and B. S. Murty. "Identification of Bulk Metallic Forming Compositions through Thermodynamic and Topological Models." Materials Science Forum 649 (May 2010): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.649.67.

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This paper attempts to optimize the bulk metallic glass forming compositions using enthalpy of chemical mixing (DHchem) as thermodynamic, mismatch entropy (DSs/kB) as topological and configurational entropy (DSconfig/R) as statistical parameters. The product of DHchem and DSs/kB which is termed as PHS in the DSconfig/R range of 0.9 to 1.0 can be correlated strongly to glass forming ability. PHS being an important parameter has been used to design the quaternary and quinary Bulk Metallic Glass compositions from ternary compositions. This has been demonstrated for two Zr rich quaternary systems in Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni and Zr-Cu-Ni-Al based bulk metallic glasses. By weighing approach of PHS of four Zr rich quaternary systems and one non-Zr rich systems a new Zr rich quinary bulk metallic glass in Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni-Al system is designed. Mechanical alloying is used to prepare the bulk amorphous powder at the compositions predicted by the model in order to validate the model.

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Xu, Xiangping, Yi Wang, Jiasheng Zou, and Chunzhi Xia. "Interfacial Microstructure and Properties of Si3N4 Ceramics/Cu/304 Stainless Steel Brazed by Ti40Zr25B0.2Cu Amorphous Solder." Materials 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2018): 2226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112226.

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Si3N4 ceramics and 304 stainless steel were brazed by Ti40Zr25B0.2Cu amorphous solder, and the interfacial microstructure of brazed joint Si3N4 ceramics/Ti40Zr25B0.2Cu/Cu/Ti40Zr25B0.2Cu/304 stainless steel was analyzed. The mechanical properties of the brazed joint were overtly affected by the brazing temperature and Cu foil thickness. The results revealed that the interface structure of the brazed joint might be 304 stainless steel/FeTi/Cu-Zr+Cu-Ti+Fe-Ti/Cu(s,s)/Cu-Zr+Cu-Ti+Fe-Ti/Ti-Si+Zr-Si/TiN/Si3N4 ceramics. The four-point bending strength of the brazed joint decreased sharply as the brazing temperature increased and reached a maximum of 76 MPa at 1223 K. Furthermore, as the Cu foil thickness was increased from 500 μm to 1000 μm, the joint strength rose to 90 MPa at 1223 K.

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Huang, Fu Xiang. "Microsture and Properties of a Cu-Cr-Zr-Fe-Ti Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 723 (January 2015): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.723.556.

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The effect of 0.45 wt. % Fe and 0.2 wt. % Ti additions on the age hardening behavior of Cu-Cr-Zr-Zn alloys has been investigated with respect to hardness, electrical conductivity and microstructure. It was showed that the addition of Fe /Ti to Cu-Cr-Zr-Zn alloys enhance strength and hardness, but decrease the electrical conductivity, and increase the aging temperature and time for attaining peak hardness. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that there are four types of phases in the alloy, Cu-matrix, Cr-rich, (Cu,Zr)-rich and (Fe,Ti)-rich phases.

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