Дисертації з теми "Zones de stabilité"
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Wang, Kang. "Structure électronique et stabilité des cristaux quasi-périodiques." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112150.
Curtil, Stéphane. "Stabilité de talus rocheux en structure compressive avec zones de cisaillement : mine de chrysotile de Cana Brava (Brésil)." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0620.
Bourdeau, Céline. "Effets de site et mouvements de versant en zones sismiques : apport de la modélisation numérique." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001480.
Albino, Fabien. "Modélisation des interactions magma-encaissant : applications aux zones de stockage et aux conduits de volcans andésitiques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00622537.
Begeot, Jocelyn. "Autour de la stabilité de différents modèles d'appariements aléatoires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0201.
Stochastic matching models represent many concrete stochastic systems in which elements of different classes are matched according to specified compatibility rules. For example, we can cite systems dedicated to organs allocation, job search sites, housing allocation programs, etc. Such models are typically associated to a triplet of elements: a connected graph, called compatibility graph, whose vertices represent the classes of elements that can enter the system and whose edges connect two compatible classes, amatching policy which decides the matches to be concretely executed, in case of multiple choices, and an arrival rate according to which the elements enter within it. In this thesis, we consider generalized graphs, meaning that we allow the matching of two elements of the same class, and we therefore extend to this framework some results already known in the case of simple graphs.The stability of a system governed by a matching model is a very important property. It ensures that the admissions within the system under study, are regulated, so that the elements do not accumulate in the system in the long run. It is therefore essential that the arrival rate of the elements allows the system to be stable. In this manuscript, we characterize, algebraically, this stability region for some matching models (general, general with reneging, bipartite, extended bipartite) or skill-based queueing systems.Moreover, we demonstrate that the matching policy called First Come, First Matched (FCFM) has the property of being (generalized) maximal, meaning that the stability region of the general matching model associated with a compatibility graph and with any policy is always included in the one associated with this same graph and ruled by FCFM. Note that this latter then coincides with a set of measures defined by purely algebraic conditions. In this case, the study of stability of the matching model at hand boils down to the more elementary question of characterizing of a deterministic set of measures. We then givea (simple) way to construct the measures belonging to the latter set. This turns out to be very useful for admission control, as checking the algebraic conditions requires a number of operations which is polynomial in the number of vertices of the considered compatibility graph, and therefore becomes very expensive as the number of vertices grows large.We also give, in a product form, the expression of the stationary distribution of the number-in-system process of a stable system governed by a general matching model and under the FCFM policy, allowing, in particular, to explicitly calculate characteristics at equilibrium of concrete systems and to estimate their long-time performance. We can thus, for example, calculate the size average at equilibrium of a waiting list in the case of cross-donation of kidneys, or even, estimate the average waiting time on a peer-to-peerinterface or on a dating website.Finally, the matching rates associated with a stable matching model (general or extended bipartite) are studied. They are defined as the asymptotic frequencies of the executed respective matchings, and provide an insightful performance criterion for the corresponding matching systems, as well as the policy-insensitivity and fairness properties of the matching rates, which are also discussed
Stathas, Alexandros. "Numerical modeling of earthquake faults." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ECDN0053.
During coseismic slip, the energy released by the elastic unloading of the adjacent earth blocks can be separated in three main parts: The energy that is radiated to the earth’s surface (_ 5% of the whole energy budget), the fracture energy for the creation of new fault surfaces and finally, the energy dissipated inside a region of the fault, with finite thickness, which is called the fault gauge. This region accumulates the majority of the seismic slip. Estimating correctly the width of the fault gauge is of paramount importance in calculating the energy dissipated during the earthquake, the fault’s frictional response, and the conditions for nucleation of the fault in the form of seismic or aseismic slip.In this thesis different regularization approaches were explored for the estimation of the localization width of the fault’s principal slip zone during coseismic slip. These include the application of viscosity and multiphysical couplings in the classical Cauchy continuum, and the introduction of a first order micromorphic Cosserat continuum. First, we focus on the role of viscous regularization in the context of dynamical analyses, as a method for regularizing strain localization. We study the dynamic case for a strain softening strain-rate hardening classical Cauchy continuum, and by applying the Lyapunov stability analysis we show that introduction of viscosity is unable to prevent strain localization on a mathematical plane and mesh dependence.We perform fully non linear analyses using the Cosserat continuum under large seismic slip displacements of the fault gouge in comparison to its width. Cosserat continuum provides us with a proper account of the energy dissipated during an earthquake and the role of the microstructure in the evolution of the fault’s friction. We focus on the influence of the seismic slip velocity to the weakening mechanism of thermal pressurization. We notice that the influence of the boundary conditions in the diffusion of the pore fluid inside the fault gouge, leads to frictional strength regain after initial weakening. Furthermore, a traveling strain localization mode is present during shearing of the layer introducing oscillations in the frictional response. Such oscillations increase the spectral content of the earthquake. Introduction of viscosity in the above mode, leads to a rate and state behavior without the introduction of a specific internal state variable. Our conclusions about the role of thermal pressurization during shearing of the fault gouge, agree qualitatively with newly available experimental results.Finally, based on the numerical findings we investigate the assumptions of the current model of a slip on a mathematical plane, in particular the role of the boundary conditions and strain localization mode in the evolution of the fault’s friction during coseismic slip. The case of a bounded domain and a traveling strain localization mode are examined in the context of slip on a mathematical plane under thermal pressurization. Our results expand the original model in a more general context
Domej, Gisela. "Etude des effets sismo-induits et stabilité des pentes en zone urbanisée via modélisation numérique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1098/document.
Seismically induced slope deformation is a worldwide common phenomenon that poses an increasing and considerable threat to fast expanding urbanization, and a great number of catastrophic events throughout the past attest thereof. For this reason, displacement predictions allowing for proper slope surveillance became a major concern.Early attempts to relate slope failures to seismic parameters are of empirical nature and date back to the 1980s. Although having proven stable, these relations are frequently disturbed by site effects causing outliers in terms of smaller or greater displacements than expected.The first part of this thesis presents a newly build chronological database of 277 globally distributed seismically and non-seismically induced landslides. A comprehensive statistical analysis was conducted on the data of this database with the main result that – statistically seen – the average geometrical shapes of landslides differ only proportionally.The second part of the thesis is dedicated to a comparative slope stability analysis of the Diezma Landslide (Spain) by means of three methods: the limit-equilibrium based NEWMARK-Method (1965) in 2D under elasto-perfectly-plastic conditions; finite-difference analysis in the time domain with the code FLAC in 2D and 3D under visco-elasto-perfectly-plastic conditions; and modal recombination analysis in the frequency domain with the finite-element code CESAR-LCPC in 2D and 3D under visco-elastic conditions.Located in a seismically active region, the Diezma Landslide is likely to be affected by earthquakes and was therefore considered as a suitable model case. A broad analysis of expected displacements was conducted using eleven strong-motion seismic scenarios. Moreover, the thesis searches for potential relations between macro-seismic parameters of the applied earthquake scenarios and the predicted deformations obtained from the three methods.It appeared that – due to the functionality of the methods – results differ quantitatively as well as qualitatively, and so does their suitability. Major findings are: (a) Results from the three methods are of different orders of magnitude and, thus, can easily lead to over- or under-estimations of displacements; (b) Both numerical methods reveal a strong influence of the model-geometry on the predicted displacements, whereas a scenario-dependent slope behavior manifested itself only within the finite difference analysis; (c) The switch from 2D to 3D does not necessarily result in a similar performance in each dimension and results must be critically judged before further use; (d) The NEWMARK-Method (1965) has proven itself once more to be appropriate for first slope assessments but not for sophisticated evaluations of ground response to seismic shaking
OROZCO, SERGIO OROZCO. "WELLBORE STABILITY IN SALT ZONES: USING STRESS TRANSFER TECHNIQUES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=22966@1.
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
BOLSA NOTA 10
A estabilidade de poços através de zonas de sal é um aspecto relevante em ambientes de perfuração offshore no Brasil. O fluxo convencional no planejamento de um poço de petróleo não reconhece a natureza complexa do estado de tensões in-situ em torno destes corpos de sal. Portanto, é necessária uma avaliação fiável das tensões in-situ considerando tanto a escala de campo (global) quanto as principais estruturas presentes no overburden. Neste trabalho, a análise de estabilidade de poços é realizada em três etapas. Primeiro, é realizada uma análise numérica a escala global para avaliar as tensões in-situ considerando a geometria de um corpo de sal. A seguir, são introduzidas as tensões in-situ em um modelo local, chamado subestrutura, através de duas técnicas de transferência de tensões propostas, denominadas as técnicas do Inverso Ponderado da Distância (IPD) e do Gradiente de Tensões (GT). O termo subestrutura é definido como uma linha curva no espaço composta por um conjunto de pontos, se assemelhando a uma seção ou trajetória completa de um poço. Finalmente, a janela operacional do poço é calculada acoplando os resultados de tensões da modelagem numérica com equações elásticas. Neste trabalho as técnicas IPD e GT são também utilizadas para transferir tensões em submodelos localizados dentro de um modelo global, visando realizar futuros estudos de submodelagem de estabilidade de poços. O termo submodelo consiste em uma malha de elementos finitos de um tamanho menor e um refinamento maior em relação ao modelo global.
Wellbore Stability drilling through salt zones is an important current endeavor in many areas offshore of Brazil. The conventional well design workflow does not recognize the complex nature of the stress field near these salt bodies. Therefore, a reliable assessment of the in-situ stresses must be carried out considering a field (global) scale of the problem and the presence of major structures in the overburden. The proposed stability analysis is carried out in three stages. Firstly, a global finite element analysis is employed to evaluate the in-situ stresses at a global scale considering the geometry of a salt body. Secondly, the global scale in-situ stresses are introduced in a local model, that we call substructure, by using two proposed stress transfer techniques called the Inverse Distance Weighted Technique (IDWT) and the Stress Gradient Technique (SGT). We define Substructure as a set of points forming a section or a complete trajectory of an oil well. Finally, optimal mud weights are calculated combining numerical stress results with analytical elastic equations. These two stress transfer techniques are also proposed to be used to transfer stresses to submodels inside a global model domain for submodeling wellbore stability purposes. The term submodel is defined as a finite element mesh with a smaller size relative to the size of the global model.
Carias, Flores Marcos. "Challenges for Macroprudential Policy in the Euro Area : Cross-Border Spillovers and Governance Issues." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0067.
Given the fragilities of a heterogenous monetary union and the inability of the single monetary policy to lean against the wind of national financial cycles, new policies to defend financial stability in the European Monetary Union (EMU) are of the upmost importance. In response global financial crisis, advanced economies have supplemented their policy arsenal with a macroprudential approach to financial regulation, the practice of using prudential regulation to protect the health of the financial system and the economy as a whole, rather than just the health of individual institutions. Policymakers have unambiguously placed the task of containing systemic financial risk on the shoulders of macroprudential policy, but the national heterogeneities that characterize the Euro area pose significant challenges. The purpose of this thesis dissertation is to enrich the debate surrounding Euro area macroprudential policy by exploring how macrofinancial and institutional heterogeneity can condition its proper conduct. Macroprudential policy is a popular subject in post-crisis macroeconomics, but analysis is often built on premises that fail to acknowledge the complexities inherent to its most basic concepts, such as financial stability itself. Rather than building ever-more complex models that aim to incorporate all the dimensions of the phenomenon, the problem can be addressed by conducting a critical reflection on the field’s conceptual bases before formulating a model’s assumptions. In the first chapter, we conduct a critical review of the literature and identify several points of tension, interpreting their implications for the Euro area case. Based on the insights of chapter I, chapter II revisits the question of whether it is ideal for regulators to keep a narrow focus on national financial stabilization in the presence of cross-border spillovers, as is currently done. To do so, we build a static two-country New-Keynesian model where countercyclical capital regulation in the core affects financial stability in the periphery through the interbank market. By comparing national stabilization rules to a regime where the core regulator internalizes the spillover, we identify scenarios where the status quo is suboptimal. Finally, chapter III examines the significant institutional differences that exist among EMU national regulators. By reviewing official information , as well as assessment reports from the IMF and the FSB; we map the qualitative differences of national governance frameworks across six dimensions: presence of coordination mechanisms, completeness of instruments, independence, decision-making expeditiousness, strength of the legal mandate, use of communication and transparency. Given that institutional characteristics influence reactivity, we aim to quantify how this institutional heterogeneity affects the vulnerability to inaction bias through a comparative synthetic index. We find that countries are unequally protected against inaction bias, but there are several possible approaches to building robust governance frameworks
Tomo, Nkono Madeleine. "Croissance économique et pauvreté en Afrique Centrale : une investigation appliquée dans la zone CEMAC." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE0504.
The impact of economic growth on poverty is a major political issue in developing countries. Since inter-national institutions have recognized the importance of economic growth in improving the well being of individuals, it has become a fundamental element of strategies that aim at reducing poverty. In this context, attention given to economic growth in the fight against poverty is much debated in the economic research. This thesis conducts an empirical analysis of the impact of economic growth on poverty, in the case of Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CAEMC) for the period 1981-2005. In a first section, we build a key theoretical assessment on poverty and on the links between economic growth and poverty. We present strategies for poverty reduction and the stylized facts of monetary and non-monetary poverty in the CAEMC countries. In a second part, we empirically test the impact of economic growth on poverty in the CAEMC by including the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) for a comparison. We evaluate empirically the role of income inequality, corruption, and political stability in the impact of economic growth on poverty in CAEMC and WAEMU zone.The results suggest that economic growth is necessary to reduce poverty in CAEMC and WAEMU zone. The study reveals that the impact of economic growth on poverty is a decreasing function of inequality. The investigation also shows the positive impact of improving the quality of institutions on poverty re-duction. The policies aimed for poverty reduction through the stimulation of economic growth should be accompanied by simultaneous efforts to reduce inequality, corruption and a sound policy framework
Renström, Viktor. "The influence of weakness zones on the tunnel stability based on investigations in Bodøtunnelen." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geoteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-59939.
Eberendu, I. "Plane frame stability analysis based on the inelastic zone method." Thesis, City University London, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356007.
Perkins, C. M. "The development and application of in-situ and laboratory techniques in yield zone investigations." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372337.
Holland, Courtney L. "Characterization of robotic tail orientation as a function of platform position for surf-zone robots." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FHolland.pdf.
Thesis Advisor(s): Harkins, Richard. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 10, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Amphibious, Autonomous, Robotics, WHEGS. Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-85). Also available in print.
Rostaing-Paris, Sabrina. "Pacte de stabilité et de croissance et stabilisateurs budgétaires automatiques dans la zone euro." Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40026.
Since many countries have adopted fiscal discipline rules, firsts in the framework of the Maastricht Treaty then of the Stability and Growth Pact, the automatic fiscal stabilisation issues has beeng permanently back on the forefront of the scene. Ence, we must see the compaibility between this rules and the evolution of automatic stabilizers en EMU countries. Generaly, since the adoption of this rules, we show the size of automatic stabilizers has not been reduced and even has increased. In a second point, we show the automatic stabilizers prevent largely from the respect of the fiscal discipline. Finaly, the rules of a reformed Pact are taken in account. We consider a structural budget balance in equilibrium target, a golden rule a public finances and a public debt criterium. We show the only structural balance target would be respected
Nikpay, Mitra. "Experimental investigation of the stability of the colmation zone around leaky sewers." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-191137.
Tomo, Nkono Madeleine. "Croissance économique et pauvreté en Afrique Centrale : une investigation appliquée dans la zone CEMAC." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE0504.
The impact of economic growth on poverty is a major political issue in developing countries. Since inter-national institutions have recognized the importance of economic growth in improving the well being of individuals, it has become a fundamental element of strategies that aim at reducing poverty. In this context, attention given to economic growth in the fight against poverty is much debated in the economic research. This thesis conducts an empirical analysis of the impact of economic growth on poverty, in the case of Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CAEMC) for the period 1981-2005. In a first section, we build a key theoretical assessment on poverty and on the links between economic growth and poverty. We present strategies for poverty reduction and the stylized facts of monetary and non-monetary poverty in the CAEMC countries. In a second part, we empirically test the impact of economic growth on poverty in the CAEMC by including the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) for a comparison. We evaluate empirically the role of income inequality, corruption, and political stability in the impact of economic growth on poverty in CAEMC and WAEMU zone.The results suggest that economic growth is necessary to reduce poverty in CAEMC and WAEMU zone. The study reveals that the impact of economic growth on poverty is a decreasing function of inequality. The investigation also shows the positive impact of improving the quality of institutions on poverty re-duction. The policies aimed for poverty reduction through the stimulation of economic growth should be accompanied by simultaneous efforts to reduce inequality, corruption and a sound policy framework
Counselman, Joshua Tyler. "Highway to the Danger Zone: The Effect of Foreign Intervention on Political Stability." Marietta College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=marhonors1398438491.
Guetat, Imène. "La convergence au sein de la zone MENA : analyses théoriques et études empiriques." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010034.
Karimi, Nasab Saeed. "Stabilité de talus rocheux en zone sismique dans un porphyre cuprifère mine de Sar Cheshmeh (Iran)." Paris, ENMP, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENMP0742.
Leroy, Aurelien. "Analyse des effets de la concurrence bancaire sur la stabilité et l'efficience : une perspective européenne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE0503.
The experience of the “Great Recession” has led economists and policymakers to pay particular attention tofinancial stability. It also lead them to think how to get out of this recession, and particularly on the meansof financing the emergence of a new, more sustainable growth model. In this context, this thesis studies theinfluence of bank competition on stability and efficiency in order to shed light on the debate about the optimallevel of bank competition in Europe. For this purpose, we first study the effects of bank competition on financialinstability by focusing on the concept of systemic risk. This leads us to undertake two distinct studies: onefocusing on the distribution of systemic risk between financial institutions; the other on financial procyclicality.In both cases, we conclude that a positive link between competition and stability does exist.We then focus on thequestion of stability in terms of the effectiveness of the monetary stabilisation policy. In this respect, we show thatbank competition improves the efficiency of two channels of monetary transmission: the interest rate and thebank lending channels. Therefore, the lack of European banking integration, highlighted by the heterogeneity ofbank competition, is one factor that explains the fragmentation that can be observed in the Eurozone. Finally, weconsider the possibility that economic growth may be a function of bank competition. To do this, we first showhow competition could impact economic growth in theory, and find two opposing effects. We then demonstrateempirically that bank competition has negative effects on economic growth, in particular by decreasing totalfactor productivity growth. Our work hence supports the idea that stimulating competition leads to a trade-offbetween stability and efficiency
Mitchell, Tanisha Raeann. "The financial crisis and banking sector stability : the case of USA and the Euro Zone." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/39877.
Ellakani-Mardirossian, Amani. "La crédibilité du pacte de stabilité et de croissance." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32071.
Bouizi, Othman. "Instabilités 3D de Convection Thermocapillaire en Zone-Flottante." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011340.
Leroy, Aurelien. "Analyse des effets de la concurrence bancaire sur la stabilité et l'efficience : une perspective européenne." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE0503/document.
The experience of the “Great Recession” has led economists and policymakers to pay particular attention tofinancial stability. It also lead them to think how to get out of this recession, and particularly on the meansof financing the emergence of a new, more sustainable growth model. In this context, this thesis studies theinfluence of bank competition on stability and efficiency in order to shed light on the debate about the optimallevel of bank competition in Europe. For this purpose, we first study the effects of bank competition on financialinstability by focusing on the concept of systemic risk. This leads us to undertake two distinct studies: onefocusing on the distribution of systemic risk between financial institutions; the other on financial procyclicality.In both cases, we conclude that a positive link between competition and stability does exist.We then focus on thequestion of stability in terms of the effectiveness of the monetary stabilisation policy. In this respect, we show thatbank competition improves the efficiency of two channels of monetary transmission: the interest rate and thebank lending channels. Therefore, the lack of European banking integration, highlighted by the heterogeneity ofbank competition, is one factor that explains the fragmentation that can be observed in the Eurozone. Finally, weconsider the possibility that economic growth may be a function of bank competition. To do this, we first showhow competition could impact economic growth in theory, and find two opposing effects. We then demonstrateempirically that bank competition has negative effects on economic growth, in particular by decreasing totalfactor productivity growth. Our work hence supports the idea that stimulating competition leads to a trade-offbetween stability and efficiency
Quéméneur, Philippe. "Caractérisation géotechnique en zone d"offshore" profond et analyse régionale de la stabilité des pentes : application à quelques secteurs de la pente continentale du golfe de Guinée." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL073N.
Ciblac, Thierry. "Stabilité de la zone non soutenue dans le creusement de tunnels en terrains meubles sans pressurisation : Approches expérimentales et numériques." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0051.
Underground excavation without pressurization implies that both heading and lateral sides remain unsupported for a certain time. Besides a key issue lies in the control of the stability of the unsupported area and settlements due to excavation, particularly in soft grounds. In order to study the stability of this area characterized by its length (free length) and its height (free height), a numerical approach and an experimental approach on a small-scale model have been developed. The numerical model is based on a failure calculation method considering 3D rupture mechanisms. It allows the determination of the safety factor for the heading and the lateral areas as a function of free length and free height, and taking into account the arching effect for soils above the tunnel. A comparison between this model and other numerical methods shows its wider field of application and leads to results in better agreement with real tunnels. The experimental approaches have been carried out on two small-scale models of different sizes with the same equivalent ground material modeled by a mixture of sand and kaolin and that satisfies the similarity conditions. Excavation tests are in good agreement with our numerical prediction of rupture mechanisms. Also our first quantitative results regarding the larger small-scale model agree well with numerical simulation results, suggesting that it provides a reasonably accurate picture of a full-scale tunnel
Gallagher, Emily A. "Money market funds, shareholder behavior, and financial stability." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010028.
In the five business days following the default of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, U.S. prime money market funds (MMFs) experienced outflows totaling over 300 billion of dollars, representing 15% of their total assets. In order to generate cash to service outflows, some MMFs sold assets and stopped rolling their investments. Many have argued that these outflows exacerbated the financial crisis by contributing to a freezing of commercial paper markets. In 2010, in an effort to improve the resiliency of MMFs to withstand severe market stresses, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) adopted a number of substantial reforms. Since 2010, many regulators have called for further reforms of MMFs, citing the eurozone crisis of 2011 as evidence that MMFs remain a financial stability concern. Over June, July and August 2011, MMFs experienced outflows of 162 billion of dollars, representing 10% of their total assets. Some contend that the size and timing of these outflows indicate that MMF investors continue to react to, and perhaps exacerbate, stresses in the financial markets. According to this view, yield sensitive investors incent MMFs to take risk through foreign bank investments and then cut and run once those risks escalate, resulting in a sudden loss of funding available to credit-worthy U.S. firms. Using the eurozone crisis of 2011 as an acid test, this thesis evaluates the validity of this narrative and, more broadly, the stability of U.S. MMFs after the 2008 financial crisis and resulting reforms. (...)
Zábražná, Adela. "Premena menovej politiky ECB v dôsledku finančnej a dlhovej krízy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-136318.
Souilem, Mohamed. "Analyse dynamique des pentes argileuses et des remblais construits sur des dépôts d’argile sous l’effet de la variation de l’indice de plasticité et la zone sismique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11571.
Sarrat, de Tramezaigues Guillaume. "Défis économiques de la zone euro élargie : stratégies de pré-adhésion, nouvelles politiques budgétaires et monétaires européennes et policy mix de la zone euro élargie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0016.
The thesis studies fiscal and monetary aspects of the coming euro zone enlargements during the 2007-2013 period, being for both the potential new members (EU enlargements of 2004 and 2007) and the euro-zone-12. The thesis is a prospective approach of the subject based on an empirical study of the economics of European monetary integration from 1996 to 2007. In a first part, potential new members’ nominal and real convergence are studied to, thanks to members’ former experience, determine the best enlargement preparation sequence in terms of macroeconomic policy and choice of pre-enlargement exchange rate regime. In a second part, and after having presented the limits of the Exchange Rate Mechanism 2 and its possible improvement, fiscal aspects of the coming enlargements are studied and especially an enhanced Growth and Stability Pact to improve the management of member states’ diminishing indebtedness and to put to an end pro-cyclical fiscal policies during cycles’ favourable-phases, and the relevance of a higher European budget and an increased tax cooperation among euro zone members. The third part is aimed at the study of monetary aspects of future enlargements, including inflation rate evolution in both new members and the euro zone, the required further reforms to perform following these in 2003 for the European Central Bank, its inflation objective, its pre and post enlargements’ interest rate policy and the functioning of the European Central Banks System
Besson, Magali. "Etude expérimentale d'une zone de combustion en écoulement turbulent stabilisée en aval d'un élargissement brusque symétrique." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2329.
Wang, Peng. "Active vibration control in a specific zone of smart structures." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC007/document.
This research aims at solving a particular vibration control problem of smart structures. We aim at reducing the vibration in a specific zone of the smart structure under the disturbance that covers a wide frequency band. Moreover, at this specific zone, neither actuation nor sensing is possible.Here we face several main challenges. First, we need to control the vibration of a specific zone of the structure while we only have access to measurements at other zones. Second, the wide bandwidth of the disturbance implies that numerous modes should be controlled at the same time which requires the use of multiple actuators and sensors. This leads to a MIMO controller which is difficult to obtain using classical controller design methods. Third, the so-called spillover problem must be avoided which is to guarantee the closed-loop stability when the model-based controller is applied on the actual setup. To tackle these challenges, we investigate two control strategies: the centralized control and the distributed control.For centralized control, we propose a methodology that allows us to obtain a simple MIMO controller that accomplishes these challenges. First, several modeling and identification techniques are applied to obtain an accurate low-order model of the smart structure. Then, an H_∞ control based synthesis method with a particularly proposed H_∞ criterion is applied. This H_∞ criterion integrates multiple control objectives, including the main challenges. In particular, the spillover problem is transformed into a robust stability problem and will be guaranteed using this criterion. The obtained H_∞ controller is a standard solution of the H_∞ problem. The final controller is obtained by further simplifying this H_∞ controller without losing the closed-loop stability and degrading the performance. This methodology is validated on a beam structure with piezoelectric transducers and the central zone is where the vibration should be reduced. The effectiveness of the obtained controller is validated by simulations and experiments.For distributed control, we consider the same beam structure and the same control objectives. There exist methods aiming at designing distributed controllers of spatially interconnected system. This research proposes a FEM based method, combined with several model reduction techniques, that allows to spatially discretize the beam structure and deduce the state-space models of interconnected subsystems. The design of distributed controllers will not be tackled in this research
Graves, Carolyn Alice. "A geochemical investigation of seafloor methane seepage at the landward limit of the hydrate stability zone offshore Western Svalbard." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/378966/.
Periagaram, Karthik Balasubramanian. "Determination of flame characteristics in a low swirl burner at gas turbine conditions through reaction zone imaging." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45828.
Abarca, Betancourt Alberto Javier. "The Stability of Uranium-Bearing Precipitates Created as a Result of Ammonia Gas Injections in the Hanford Site Vadose Zone." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3359.
Tirado-Corbala, Rebecca. "A Lysimeter Study of Vadose Zone Porosity and Water Movement in Gypsum Amended Soils." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1290111537.
Boaventura, Duarte Cristiano. "Unconventional Monetary Policies : Past, Present, and Future." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCD007.
This thesis touches upon important aspects that involve the past, present and future of unconventional monetary policies (UMPs): their historical background and conceptual debate; the experience of UMPs in advanced economies, with the Euro area case; the effects of UMPs in emerging economies, and their links with corporate debt; the process of UMPs exit and the future of monetary policy frameworks. First, by reporting several historical experiences of the Bank of England, Federal Reserve System and Bank of Japan, we have observed that policies which after the 2008 crisis were considered to be “unconventional” had already been adopted in various occasions before. Second, on the conceptual debate, we analyzed UMPs framework (objectives, measures, transmission channels, and effects), with more detailed attention on nominal negative interest rates, measure which had not been implemented before 2008. Third, on UMPs experience in the Euro area, we observed that UMPs were capable of avoiding a major financial collapse after 2008, and managed partial improvements in macroeconomic indicators. In particular, sovereign yields have presented distinct responses according to each asset purchase program announced/implemented. However, UMPs were not able alone to solve all economic problems in the Euro area, which deserve the support of additional policies (fiscal, industrial, institutional, financial regulation/supervision) to ensure a sustained growth path in the medium/long term. Fourth, on UMPs effects in emerging economies, we have observed the important role of accommodative measures of the main advanced economies central banks, together with other global factors, to explain the rise of corporate debt. Its economic policy implications are related to the need for enhancement in financial regulation, macro and microprudential instruments to increase the resilience of the financial system against crises. Finally, the current process of UMPs exit is asynchronous, and gradual sequencing and proper communication will be required to avoid major disruptions in international financial markets. Future monetary policy frameworks may take lessons from past and recent experiences and incorporate some UMPs in their toolkits, in order to increase the effectiveness of monetary policies and reduce financial stability concerns, once the challenges posed by financial markets are increasingly higher
Esta tese aborda aspectos importantes que envolvem o passado, presente e futuro das políticas monetárias não convencionais (PMNCs): seu histórico e debate conceitual; a experiência das PMNCs nas economias avançadas, com o caso da Área do Euro; os efeitos das PMNCs nas economias emergentes e suas relações com a dívida corporativa; o processo de saída das PMNCs e o futuro dos arcabouços de política monetária. Primeiro, relatando várias experiências históricas do Banco da Inglaterra, do Federal Reserve System e do Banco do Japão, observamos que as políticas que, após a crise de 2008, eram consideradas “não convencionais” já haviam sido adotadas em várias ocasiões anteriores. Em segundo lugar, no debate conceitual, analisamos o arcabouço das PMNCs (objetivos, medidas, canais de transmissão e efeitos), com atenção mais detalhada sobre as taxas de juros nominais negativas, medida que não havia sido implementada antes de 2008. Em terceiro lugar, na experiência das PMNCs na Área do Euro, observamos que as PMNCs foram capazes de evitar um grande colapso financeiro após 2008 e resultaram em melhorias parciais nos indicadores macroeconômicos. Em particular, os rendimentos soberanos apresentaram respostas distintas de acordo com cada programa de compra de ativos anunciado / implementado. No entanto, as PMNCs não foram capazes de resolver sozinhas todos os problemas econômicos da Área do Euro, que merecem o apoio de políticas adicionais (fiscal, industrial, institucional, regulação/supervisão financeira) para assegurar uma trajetória de crescimento sustentado no médio/longo prazo. Quarto, sobre os efeitos das PMNCs nas economias emergentes, observamos o importante papel das medidas de acomodação monetária dos principais bancos centrais de economias avançadas, juntamente com outros fatores globais, para explicar o aumento da dívida corporativa. Suas implicações de política econômica estão relacionadas à necessidade de aprimoramento na regulação financeira, instrumentos macro e microprudenciais para aumentar a resiliência do sistema financeiro contra crises. Finalmente, o atual processo de saída das PMNCs é assíncrono, e um sequenciamento gradual e uma comunicação apropriada serão necessários para evitar grandes distúrbios nos mercados financeiros internacionais. Os futuros arcabouços de política monetária podem tirar lições de experiências passadas e recentes e incorporar algumas PMNCs nos seus instrumentos, a fim de aumentar a eficácia das políticas monetárias e reduzir os riscos de estabilidade financeira, uma vez que os desafios impostos pelos mercados financeiros são cada vez mais elevados
Fischer, J. K. "THE EFFECT OF CHROMIUM ON CHLORITE STABILITY- A HP-HT EXPERIMENTAL STUDY WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF TWO NEW MINERALS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/158079.
Nikpay, Mitra [Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Krebs, Olaf [Akademischer Betreuer] Kolditz, and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Strauch. "Experimental investigation of the stability of the colmation zone around leaky sewers / Mitra Nikpay. Betreuer: Peter Krebs. Gutachter: Olaf Kolditz ; Gerhard Strauch." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080106049/34.
Stefansson, Gudmundur, Frederick Hearty, Paul Robertson, Suvrath Mahadevan, Tyler Anderson, Eric Levi, Chad Bender, et al. "A VERSATILE TECHNIQUE TO ENABLE SUB-MILLI-KELVIN INSTRUMENT STABILITY FOR PRECISE RADIAL VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS: TESTS WITH THE HABITABLE-ZONE PLANET FINDER." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622681.
Quincey, Sylvio. "La supervision bancaire dans l'Union Européenne : essai de contribution pour une zone de supervision optimale." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30063.
For the supervisor, an historical approach of banks allows to better assimilate its ways of functioning. She also serves to better understand why her actors, always endowed of the confidence to develop business, sometimes, show an over-optimism leading to their ruin. The mobilization of the law guides the action of the banking control. The 2007-2008 crisis has provoked awareness in Europe: the impossibility for every member state of the Union to exercise individually an effective supervision without a total harmonization. So was born the construction of the MSU. Located in Frankfurt, the “supervision unique” has been working since November 4th, 2014. But the road map assigned to the supervision a new and more diversifiable field. For sure, the MSU is skilled enough, but is there a will to change the European Union into a “zone de supervision optimale”?
Pehi, Te Ngere Russell. "Engineering Geology and Geotechnical Investigation of Highwall Stability of the Proposed Cypress Opencast Mine Mt William Fault Zone, Cypress North Block Upper Waimangaroa." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3910.
Mazuy, Nicolas. "Hétérogénéités en Union monétaire : quelles implications pour la zone euros ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAB001.
The aim of this thesis is to examine the implications of structural heterogeneities in the policy framework of the euro area. The first step is to analyse the extent to which structural heterogeneities and the introduction of a financial stability objective assigned to the central bank influence the coordination of monetary and fiscal authorities as well as the economic stabilization that follows after shocks. Noteworthy is the increasing relevance of coordination with the degree of heterogeneity on the one hand and a proactivity of the central bank on the other hand, which improve / corrupts cyclical stabilization according to the type of shock after a financial stability objective has been added. Next step is to examine the fiscal reaction functions in the euro area to demonstrate the heterogeneity of government fiscal behavior on the one hand and the determinants of these fiscal policies on the other. Finally, we look at the impact of the single monetary policy on the euro area Member States and highlight a completely heterogeneous transmission of monetary policy, caused in particular by structural heterogeneities in productive specializations, functioning of financial and labor markets, just to name a few. Here, we ask about the relevance of single monetary policy in the context of heterogeneous monetary union without any mechanism of adjustment
Campos, Gustavo Cruz. "Efeitos da quantização em sistemas de controle em rede." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/157879.
This work investigates the in uence of quantization over networked control systems. At rst, we tackle stability and stabilization problems of discrete-time linear systems involving nite quantization on the input of the controlled plant, considering two kinds of quantizers: uniform and logarithmic. As a consequence of the nite quantization, saturation and dead-zone e ects on the input signals are also present. These non-linear behaviors are explictly considered in the analysis. For unstable plants, the objective is to estimate the region where the states will be ultimately bounded. This region, which we call the attractor of the states, is estimated through an ellipsoidal set. Simultaneously, we determine an ellipsoidal set of admissible initial conditions, for which the trajectories will converge to the attractor in nite time. At rst, the sets are determined for the case where the controller is given and, in the sequel, a controller that minimizes the attractor is designed. When dealing with stable plants, we investigate how the dynamic performance is a ected by the quantization. To do that, we use as criterion the exponential decay rate which is guaranteed for the system. At this point, we exclude the behaviour in the saturation and deadzone regions. At rst, the guaranteed decay rate is estimated for a system where the controller is given. In this case, we analyze the deterioration of the performance in uenced by the quantization, compared to the behavior of the closed-loop system without quantization. In the sequel, a controller that minimizes that rate in the presence of quantization is designed. To obtain the results, we use sector conditions which are respected by the nonlinearities and we state the problems as matrix inequalities which can be solved using LMI-based optimization problems.
Chabaud, Reytier Magali. "Étude de la fissuration différée par relaxation d'un acier inoxydable austénitique stabilisé au titane." ENSMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0914.
Dô, Frédéric. "Reponses ecophysiologiques de cultivars de mil (pennisetum glaucum (l. ) r. Br. ) a une secheresse de fin de cycle en zone sahelienne : consequences sur la stabilite du rendement." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077020.
Mazzi, Fabio. "Influence of shear force and analysis of operating parameters on filter cake stability and deliquoring in a belt filter press." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
Musgrave, Jeffrey. "Integrodifference Equations in Patchy Landscapes." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26129.
Causse, Lionel. "Analyse et modélisation des interactions géomécaniques entre tunnels et versants instables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0006.
Tunnels and unstable slopesABSTRACT: The slope instabilities are partly responsible for the appearance of disorders or reactivation of previous disorders in old shallow tunnel structures. However, it is necessary to understand what results from these interaction contexts and what is due solely to rheological aging of these old structures. Retro-analyzes have led to the consideration of different situations of tunnels entering a hillslope: tunnel entering a slope (tunnel head), tunnel oblique to the slope or shallow tunnel parallel to the slope. Identified pathologies of structures vary depending on these situations. In this thesis, different mechanisms responsible for damage to structures were studied in the case of a shallow tunnel parallel to a slope. For this, a part of the research has focused on the influence factors through a series of parametric numerical approaches. Some are related to the elevation of the tunnel in the slope and its distance from the free surface of the slope. Then are highlighted influencing factors related to geomorphological characteristics of the hillslope and its natural evolution as well as factors related to the construction method of the tunnel. In the second part, case study back-analyzes have characterized different contexts of interaction and pathologies of old tunnels concerned. Numerical simulations were performed to illustrate the behaviour of these structures and explain tunnel lining damages. Finally in the third part, a methodology for analyzing different contexts of interaction between old tunnels and unstable slopes has been established, leading to redefine the concept of geotechnical influenced zone in this situation