Статті в журналах з теми "Zn fertilisers"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Zn fertilisers.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Zn fertilisers".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Hettiarachchi, G. M., E. Lombi, M. J. McLaughlin, D. J. Chittleborough, and C. Johnston. "Chemical behavior of fluid and granular Mn and Zn fertilisers in alkaline soils." Soil Research 48, no. 3 (2010): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr09051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The grain yield benefits of applying micronutrient fluid fertilisers over conventional granular products in calcareous sandy loam soils have been agronomically demonstrated. An understanding of the fundamental mechanisms and reactions occurring following application of these products to soils is critical to improve fertiliser management. We therefore examined the diffusion, solubility, and potential availability of manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) from both granular and fluid forms of Mn and Zn fertiliser in an alkaline calcareous and alkaline non-calcareous soil using laboratory incubation experiments in conjunction with an isotopic dilution technique with 54Mn and 65Zn. Enhanced mobility, solubility, and/or potential availability of Mn and Zn from fluid fertilisers were observed in comparison to Mn or Zn from granular fertilisers in both soils after 5 weeks of incubation. Differential behaviour of fluid and granular fertilisers for Mn and Zn appeared to be independent of their effects on soil pH. Most (~90%) of the Mn in granular fertiliser dissolved and diffused out of the granule but was retained within 4 mm of the point of granular placement, whereas most (~85%) of the Zn in the granular Zn fertiliser source remained in the granule. Our data suggest that the superior agronomic effectiveness of fluid Mn and Zn fertilisers observed in calcareous soils under field conditions may have resulted from the enhanced diffusion (Mn) and/or solubility/availability (Mn, Zn) of these micronutrients in soil when applied in fluid form.
2
Lottermoser, Bernd G. "Trace metal enrichment in sugarcane soils due to the long-term application of fertilisers, North Queensland, Australia: geochemical and Pb, Sr, and U isotopic compositions." Soil Research 47, no. 3 (2009): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr06178.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aimed to determine whether >80 years of fertiliser application has led to recognisable changes in the trace metal (Cd, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, Th, U, Zn) chemistry of topsoils (0–0.10 m) from sugarcane land, northern Queensland, Australia. The metal concentrations of commercial nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilisers currently used in northern Queensland were generally lower than those of phosphate fertilisers and fertiliser blends. Composite topsoil samples (0–0.10 m depth) taken from canelands had higher median Cd, Mo, Pb, Sr, Th, U, and Zn concentrations than topsoils from forested areas of the catchment. Niobium, Ta, and Ti were confirmed as refractory immobile elements and used as reference elements for the evaluation of trace metal enrichments. Bivariate plots of trace metal/immobile element ratios verified that Cd, Mo, Pb, Sr, Th, U, and Zn are enriched in sugarcane soils compared with background forest soils. Isotopic ratios for Pb, Sr, and U highlight that fertilisers, cane soils, and forest soils have isotopically distinct compositions. Phosphate fertilisers currently used in the agricultural industry possess the most radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr, 234U/238U, 207Pb/206Pb, and 208Pb/206Pb ratios. Background forest soils have the highest 87Sr/86Sr, 207Pb/206Pb, and 208Pb/206Pb and lowest 234U/238U ratios. By contrast, cane soils exhibit 207Pb/206Pb and 208Pb/206Pb ratios that appear on a mixing line between the isotopically distinct background soils and phosphate fertilisers. Also, cane soils possess 234U/238U ratios similar to phosphate fertilisers. Thus, the application of phosphate fertilisers to canelands has resulted in higher Cd, Mo, Pb, Sr, Th, U, and Zn concentrations and more radiogenic Pb, Sr, and U isotope ratios in cane soils. Trace metal ratios and the Pb, Sr, and U isotopic composition of topsoils and fertilisers are useful tools to recognise fertiliser-derived trace metals in agricultural landscapes.
3
Fulton, MC, LC Bell, and CJ Asher. "Mineral nutrition of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) grown in replaced soil after bauxite mining at Weipa, Queensland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 7 (1996): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960905.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The yield potential of cassava with optimal mineral nutrition was evaluated in a lateritic red earth that was replaced after bauxite mining at Weipa, Queensland. There were 9 field experiments. In 8 separate experiments, 5 rates each of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sulfur, copper, zinc (Zn), boron or molybdenum fertilisers were banded into the soil. In the phosphorus (P) experiment, triple superphosphate and rock phosphate were compared, each with 5 rates of P banded, broadcast or spot-placed into the soil. After 2 wet seasons (66 weeks after planting), maximum tuber yields were produced by the banded application of 200 kg P/ha as triple superphosphate, 20 kg Mg/ha and 8 kg Zn/ha. With rock phosphate, only the broadcast placement produced an increase in the yield of cassava, maximum yields being achieved with 400 kg P/ha. In addition, there was evidence that 100 kg N/ha and 300 kg K/ha were needed for maximum yields. Therefore, based on the results of these individual experiments over 2 seasons, 100 kg N/ha, 200 kg P/ha as triple superphosphate or 400 kg P/ha as rock phosphate, 300 kg K/ha, 20 kg Mg/ha and 8 kg Zn/ha are the fertiliser recommendations for cassava grown in replaced soil at Weipa. In addition, early Zn deficiency symptoms (not related to any applied fertilisers) may necessitate a foliar spray of 4 kg Zn/ha as well as the soil-applied Zn fertiliser. However, the use of dolomite at 80 kg Mg/ha may have decreased the tuber yields and/or increased the requirements for certain soil-applied fertilisers. An average yield of 26.0 t/ha of tubers (fresh weight) was obtained with a 51-week growing season, and the recommended rates of fertilisers. This yield was reasonable when compared with 32 t/ha of fresh tubers predicted by a growth model for cassava, grown in North Queensland for 52 weeks without irrigation.
4
Novillo, J., A. Obrador, L. M. López-Valdivia, and J. M. Alvarez. "Mobility and distribution of zinc forms in columns of an acid, a neutral, and a calcareous soil treated with three organic zinc complexes under laboratory conditions." Soil Research 40, no. 5 (2002): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr01066.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Three liquid zinc (Zn) fertilisers were mixed with the upper 1.5 cm of columns representing 3 different soil profiles: Aquic Haploxeralf, of an acid nature and with hydromorphic problems; Calcic Haploxeralf, of a neutral nature; and Typic Xerorthents, of a calcareous nature. They were periodically irrigated for 60 days. Most of the applied Zn remained in the top of the soil when it was added as Zn-lignosulfonate plus EDTA or Zn-2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanotricarboxilate. When Zn-EDTA plus fulvic and humic acid fertiliser was applied, Zn migrated and distributed throughout the soil resulting in losses of Zn by leaching of 2.29% in acidic soil, 27.36% in neutral soil, and 10.5% in calcareous soil of the Zn applied. The 3 fertilisers produce sufficient concentrations of the bioavailable Zn forms in the Ap horizons (DTPA and Mehlich-3 extractable Zn) for the cultivation of different plants. In the calcareous soil, which contained free CaCO3, the amount of Zn extracted by Mehlich-3 was higher than in soils with no free CaCO3. Distribution of Zn in the soil was studied at the beginning and end of the experiment by means of one sequential fractionation and showed that added Zn remained in more labile fractions for uptake by plants in the acid and neutral soils when compared with the control. When Zn was added to calcareous soil, no amount of Zn was detected in the water-soluble plus exchangeable fraction at the end of experiment for any Zn fertiliser source.
5
Kouřimská, L., L. Babička, K. Václavíková, D. Miholová, Z. Pacáková, and M. Koudela. "The effect of fertilisation with fermented pig slurry on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum)." Soil and Water Research 4, No. 3 (September 22, 2009): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2354-swr.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of fertilisation with fermented pig slurry on the quantitative and qualitative parameters of two kinds of tomatoes was assessed by means of pot trials. These trials were carried out between the years 2005 and 2008. Each trial involved four treatments, namely (a) control without fertilisation, (b) fertilisation with mineral fertilisers, (c) 50% nutrients in mineral fertilisers and 50% in fermented pig slurry, and (d) fertilisation with fermented pig slurry only. Besides the yield parameters, the following characteristics were monitored: dry matter content, vitamin C content, titratable acidity, nitrogen compounds, nitrates and selected elements (Pb, Cd, As, Zn and Hg) contents. The fertilisation method showed no statistically significant influence on many parameters (titratable acidity, Hg, As, dry matter, vitamin C and nitrates contents). These results showed that anaerobically fermented pig slurry can be a suitable alternative to the use of mineral fertiliser. They also showed that its use as an organic fertiliser did not impair the hygienic quality and safety of the vegetable products grown, as all tomato samples fulfilled the tested heavy metals and nitrates legislation limits. The fertilisation method showed a statistically significant influence on the yield. Diffe-rences occurred between the organic and mineral methods in the case of Cd, and between non-fertilised and organic methods in the case of Zn. The fertilisation method also significantly influenced N-compounds content in tomatoes. A statistically significant influence of the year was found with all parameters except zinc and vitamin C contents. The influence of cultivar was also found, but only in the case of zinc and dry matter contents.
6
Read, Thea L., Casey L. Doolette, Tom Cresswell, Nicholas R. Howell, Robert Aughterson, Inna Karatchevtseva, Erica Donner, Peter M. Kopittke, Jan K. Schjoerring, and Enzo Lombi. "Investigating the foliar uptake of zinc from conventional and nano-formulations: a methodological study." Environmental Chemistry 16, no. 6 (2019): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en19019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Environmental contextZinc, an essential micronutrient often applied to crops as a fertiliser, can be difficult to analyse in plants due to limitations of conventional techniques. Here, we use radiotracers and a non-destructive imaging technique to visualise how zinc applied as a nanofertiliser moves within wheat plants over time. This is an important step towards developing cost-effective fertilisers to help solve one of the world’s most widespread plant deficiencies. AbstractZinc (Zn) deficiency affects half of the world’s arable soil and one-third of the world’s human population. Application of Zn foliar fertilisers to cereal crops can be an effective way to increase grain Zn content; however, commonly used formulations can scorch the leaf (e.g. soluble Zn salts) or are prohibitively expensive (e.g. chelated Zn, ZnEDTA). Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) may offer an efficient and cost-effective alternative, but little is known regarding the mechanisms of Zn uptake and translocation within the plant. Foliar-applied Zn is analytically challenging to detect, locate and quantify, as it is omnipresent. Furthermore, any single analytical technique does not have the detection limit or spatial resolution required. In this study, the uptake and mobility of foliar-applied ZnEDTA, ZnO-NPs and ZnO microparticles (ZnO-MPs) to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) and radiotracing techniques using 65Zn-labelled formulations. The three techniques were compared to highlight limitations and advantages of each. We also report, for the first time, a novel time-resolved invivo autoradiography imaging technique that can be used to visualise 65Zn in live plants treated with foliar applications of 65ZnO-NPs and MPs. The images were supplemented by gamma spectroscopy analysis for quantification. The results of this study provide important insights into the analytical challenges faced when investigating foliar-applied Zn nanofertilisers in plants. Potential solutions using nuclear techniques are also discussed, which in turn may ultimately lead to the development of more efficient foliar fertilisers.
7
Fulton, M. C., and C. J. Asher. "Zinc treatments applied to cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) setts changes early growth and zinc status of plants." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 7 (1997): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea96093.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Summary. Zinc (Zn) deficiency limited the early growth of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in nutritional trials on a Zn-deficient lateritic red earth that was replaced after bauxite mining at Weipa (12°28"S, 141°53"E). The symptoms developed at 2 weeks after emergence, despite the band application of 0–32 kg Zn/ha and were not related to rates of Zn or other fertilisers applied to the soil. The Zn deficiency in the cassava plants was attributed to low Zn in setts before root access to soil and fertiliser Zn. Two techniques were studied to establish if they could be used to correct Zn deficiency early in the growth of cassava: one was the fertilisation of cassava plants before cutting the stems for planting setts, and the other was soaking cassava setts in Zn solutions for various times at 101 kPa (atmospheric pressure) or 51 kPa (partial pressure). Setts, after treatments, were planted into pots of lateritic soil from Weipa. Plants grown from setts soaked in ZnSO4 solutions varying from 17.4 to 348 mmol Zn/L did not develop Zn-deficiency symptoms, whereas, 62% of plants grown from either unsoaked setts or setts soaked in water developed symptoms. However, the prior fertilisation of cassava plants failed to decrease the incidence of Zn deficiency in plants and did not increase the Zn concentration in setts. Several treatments in Zn solutions were found to significantly increase the Zn concentration in setts, were not detrimental to shoot emergence nor the subsequent growth of plants, and provided an adequate Zn concentration in leaf blades. These treatments were: soaking in 17.4 or 69.5 mmol Zn/L for 5 h and in 69.5 mmol Zn/L for 0.5 h at 51 kPa; and soaking in 69.5 mmol Zn/L for 5 h and in 139 mmol Zn/L for 0.5 and 5 h at 101 kPa. These treatments could be used to overcome early Zn deficiency in cassava plants where the deficiency is a problem despite the soil application of Zn fertilisers.
8
Ma, Qifu, Zed Rengel, and Terry Rose. "The effectiveness of deep placement of fertilisers is determined by crop species and edaphic conditions in Mediterranean-type environments: a review." Soil Research 47, no. 1 (2009): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Much of our knowledge of plant growth in response to soil nutrient supply comes from studies under homogeneous soil conditions. However, the adoption of reduced or nil tillage and shallow banding of fertilisers at the time of seeding causes spatially variable distribution and availability of soil nutrients in agricultural lands. Soil available nutrients, particularly the poorly mobile ones such as phosphorus (P), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu), stratify within the fertilised topsoil. In water-limited environments where the topsoil is prone to drying, soil nutrient stratification may influence nutrient availability and plant uptake because of impeded root growth or reduced diffusion of immobile nutrients to the root surface, or more likely a combination of both factors. Placing fertilisers deeper in the soil profile could increase nutrient acquisition and utilisation by plants as fertiliser nutrients are in the moist soil for a longer part of the growing season. However, the effectiveness of deep placement of fertilisers may also be determined by soil texture, tillage, fertilising history, nutrient mobility, and crop species. In Mediterranean-type climates of southern Australia, a yield response of winter crops to deep fertiliser mostly occurs on infertile sandy soils in low rainfall regions. This contrasts with the responses of winter and summer crops in northern Australia on soils with optimum-to-high nutrients but subjected to rapid and frequent drying of topsoil because of high temperatures and high evaporation demand during the growing season. The pattern of nutrient accumulation by crop species (indeterminate v. determinate) and the mobility of mineral nutrients in the phloem would also modify the effectiveness of deep-placed nutrients under drought. The complexity of plant responses to subsoil nutrition may suggest that before adopting deep fertiliser practice in a paddock it is essential to understand the effects of edaphic and climatic conditions, soil management, and plant–soil interactions in order to achieve maximum yield benefit.
9
Hodgkinson, MC, DC Joyce, AP Mackey, DS Sagatys, TS Schmiede, and G. Smith. "Compatibility of a petroleum spray oil and foliar zinc fertilisers." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 3 (1996): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960331.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The performance of 7 commercial zinc (Zn) foliar nutrients sprays, based on sulfate (Top ZM), hydrated sulfate (Pivot Zinsol; Pivot Mangasol-zinc), oxide (Phosyn Zintrac), and ligninsulfonate (Spray-gro Zn PC; Spray-gro Zn/Mn PC; SJB), were assessed with and without addition of a horticultural petroleum spray oil (PSO), Ampol D-C-Tron NR. Foliar Zn deposition and absorption was quantified by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) after solvent washing and acid extraction. Effects on photosystem II were measured by chlorophyll fluorescence. Although none of the Zn sprays were soluble in PSO, all but Zn oxide could be suspended adequately before spraying. A partial emulsion break occurred with Zn sulfate and hydrated sulfates. All treatments increased the Zn content of leaves by an amount likely to alleviate Zn deficiency. Addition of PSO decreased deposition and absorption of Zn when used with the inorganic formulations or with Spray-gro Zn PC. Zinc deposition and absorption were increased by PSO in Spray-gro Zn/Mn PC, and were unaffected by PSO in SJB. Plant chlorophyll fluorescence and phosphorus content did not differ among treatments. The ligninsulfonates Spray-gro Zn/Mn PC and SJB were most compatible with Ampol D-C-Tron NR, and had relatively low potential for Zn pollution of the environment.
10
Bolland, M. D. A., and R. F. Brennan. "Phosphorus, copper and zinc requirements of no-till wheat crops and methods of collecting soil samples for soil testing." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 8 (2006): 1051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plant testing of wheat crops in south-western Australia, sown using no-till for >7 years, often indicates marginal to deficient levels of the soil immobile elements phosphorus (P), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). In this region, P, Cu and Zn fertilisers are usually placed (drilled) with the seed while sowing crops. However, in no-till cropping, because the fertilisers are placed in the same rows as the seed during sowing, in the years after application the 3 elements are no longer mixed through the top 10 cm of soil. It may be more effective to deep band fertiliser below seed while sowing no-till crops. Alternatively, cultivating the top 10 cm of soil every 5–7 years would mix previously applied fertiliser P, Cu and Zn through the topsoil, which should improve the effectiveness of the fertiliser residues for the current and subsequent no-till crops. In field experiments in paddocks in south-western Australia sown using no-till for 7–11 years, we compared these 2 alternative methods to the standard no-till practice of drilling fertiliser with the seed in the same crop rows. No shoot or grain yield responses of wheat were obtained. The exception was that in 1 experiment cultivating the topsoil before drilling P with seed was more effective than drilling or deep banding P. Concentrations of P, Cu and Zn measured in wheat shoots or grain were either unaffected by treatment, or, compared with drilling fertiliser with seed, were larger for the other 2 methods, indicating these 2 methods were more effective at increasing the concentrations of the elements in plant parts. The 3 elements have been shown to have good residual values for crop production in the region. Therefore, we recommend that experiments should not be performed in existing no-till paddocks until the residual value of P, Cu and Zn applied in the old cropping system has become negligible, which could, for Cu and Zn in particular, take many years. In the second year, the experiments were used to compare 4 different ways of collecting soil samples from the top 10 cm of soil (standard soil sampling depth used in south-western Australia) to measure soil test P (Colwell), Cu (ammonium oxalate) and Zn (DTPA). The samples were either collected randomly within the plots (present method), always in the rows used to sow seed and apply fertiliser, always between the rows, or half in and half between the rows. Soil test values for P, Cu and Zn were unaffected by amount of element applied and method of application when samples were collected between rows, at random, or from all banded treatments where fertiliser was placed below the 0–10 cm sampling depth. Soil test values for samples collected in rows increased as the amount of fertiliser applied increased and were about double the values for samples collected half in and half between rows.
11
Shukla, Sushil Kumar, Tarun Adak, Atul Singha, Kailash Kumar, Vinod Kumar Singh, and Achal Singh. "Response Of Guava Trees (Psidium Guajava) To Soil Applications Of Mineral And Organic Fertilisers And Biofertilisers Under Conditions Of Low Fertile Soil." Journal of Horticultural Research 22, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johr-2014-0027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe goal of this study was to assess the influence of different organic fertilisers - vermicompost, mulching, Azotobacter, phosphate solubilising microbes (PSM) and Trichoderma harzianum added each year to mineral fertilisers containing NPK and to farmyard manure (FYM) on leaf nutrient status, tree growth, fruit yield and quality of guava grown in low fertile soil. The results revealed that vermicompost, bio-fertilisers and organic mulching resulted in yield and fruit quality boosters, as compared to application of NPK and FYM as the only organic fertiliser. Significant differences in plant height, canopy spread and stem girth of guava plants were obtained in combination, where Azotobacter, T. harzianum, PSM and organic mulching were applied. The leaf nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn) were within sufficient ranges. Fruit yields and quality were highest in combination, where vermicompost, Azotobacter, T. harzianum, PSM and organic mulching was applied. Fruit quality parameters viz. soluble solid concentration, titratable acidity, total sugars and ascorbic acid showed positive correlation with the available macro- and micronutrients in the soil.
12
Dragicevic, Vesna, Snezana Oljaca, Milovan Stojiljkovic, Milena Simic, Zeljko Dolijanovic, and Natalija Kravic. "Effect of the maize–soybean intercropping system on the potential bioavailability of magnesium, iron and zinc." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 11 (2015): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14211.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study concerned the effect of different intercropping systems (alternating rows and alternating strips) of maize and soybean compared with single cropping, in combination with different fertilisers (biofertiliser, organic fertiliser, and urea) on the potential availability of magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) from grain, through their ratio with phytate (as inhibitor) and β-carotene (as promoter). The higher grain yield and land equivalent ratio obtained under alternating rows + biofertiliser treatment demonstrated the improved ability of crops in close proximity for better utilisation of existing agro-ecological conditions. Alternating rows + organic fertiliser decreased the molar ratios phytate : β-carotene, phytate : Fe, phytate : Mg and phytate : Zn, indicating increased availability of the mineral elements in both crops. However, alternating strips + organic fertiliser contributed mostly to an increase in β-carotene, Mg, Fe and Zn concentrations in soybean. Increased grain yield of both crops was followed by decrease in β-carotene and increase in phytate, particularly in maize. In soybean, β-carotene could be considered as the main contributor to Fe availability. Accordingly, cropping in alternating rows or strips, combined with biofertilisers, could serve as fortification measures for improved nutritional quality of maize and soybean grain, without grain yield losses.
13
Acquah, Gifty E., Javier Hernandez-Allica, Cathy L. Thomas, Sarah J. Dunham, Erick K. Towett, Lee B. Drake, Keith D. Shepherd, Steve P. McGrath, and Stephan M. Haefele. "Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) calibration for analysis of nutrient concentrations and trace element contaminants in fertilisers." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): e0262460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262460.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the increasing popularity of local blending of fertilisers, the fertiliser industry faces issues regarding quality control and fertiliser adulteration. Another problem is the contamination of fertilisers with trace elements that have been shown to subsequently accumulate in the soil and be taken up by plants, posing a danger to the environment and human health. Conventional characterisation methods necessary to ensure the quality of fertilisers and to comply with local regulations are costly, time consuming and sometimes not even accessible. Alternatively, using a wide range of unamended and intentionally amended fertilisers this study developed empirical calibrations for a portable handheld X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometer, determined the reliability for estimating the macro and micro nutrients and evaluated the use of the pXRF for the high-throughput detection of trace element contaminants in fertilisers. The models developed using pXRF for Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn and Mo had R2 values greater or equal to 0.97. These models also performed well on validation, with R2 values greater or equal to 0.97 (except for Fe, R2val = 0.55) and slope values ranging from 0.81 to 1.44. A second set of models were developed with a focus on trace elements in amended fertilisers. The R2 values of calibration for Co, Ni, As, Se, Cd and Pb were greater than or equal to 0.80. At concentrations up to 1000 mg kg-1, good validation statistics were also obtained; R2 values ranged from 0.97–0.99, except in one instance. The regression coefficients of the validation also had good prediction in the range of 0–100 mg kg-1 (R2 values were from 0.78–0.99), but not as well at lower concentrations up to 20 mg kg-1 (R2 values ranged from 0.10–0.99), especially for Cd. This study has demonstrated that pXRF can measure several major (P, Ca) and micro (Mn, Fe, Cu) nutrients, as well as trace elements and potential contaminants (Cr, Ni, As) in fertilisers with high accuracy and precision. The results obtained in this study is good, especially considering that loose powders were scanned for a maximum of 90 seconds without the use of a vacuum pump.
14
Poustková, I., L. Kouřimská, K. Václavíková, D. Miholová, and L. Babička. "The Effect of Fertilisation Method on Selected Elements Content in Tomatoes (Lycopersicon lycopersicum)." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, Special Issue 1 (June 24, 2009): S394—S396. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/599-cjfs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fermented pig slurry was used for two kinds of tomatoes fertilisation as a replacement of industrial mineral fertilisers in three-year experiment and selected elements (Pb, Cd, As, Zn and Hg) content were monitored by the AAS method. The results obtained showed that anaerobically fermented pig slurry can be a suitable alternative to mineral fertiliser use. Its use as an organic fertiliser also did not decrease the hygienic quality and safety of the grown vegetable products, and all tomato samples fulfilled the heavy metals legislation limits for Pb, Cd, As, Zn and Hg content. Statistically significant (<I>P</I> < 0.05) influences of the year, cultivar and fertilisation method were found in case of zinc content. No statistically significant differences in case of arsenic were discovered. Statistically significant influence (<I>P</I> < 0.05) of the year was found in case of cadmium and mercury contents.
15
Behera, Sanjib Kumar, Dhyan Singh, B. S. Dwivedi, Sarjeet Singh, K. Kumar, and D. S. Rana. "Distribution of fractions of zinc and their contribution towards availability and plant uptake of zinc under long-term maize (Zea mays L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping on an Inceptisol." Soil Research 46, no. 1 (2008): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07073.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Intensive farming with high yielding cultivars, application of high analysis NPK fertilisers, and reduced use of organic manures caused a decrease in the availability of zinc (Zn) in Indian soils. We collected soil and plant samples from an ongoing long-term experiment at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to study the distribution of different fractions of Zn in an Inceptisol and their contribution towards the Zn availability in soil and Zn uptake in maize–wheat crop rotation. The treatments used for the study were NPK, NPK + FYM, NPK + Zn, and control (no fertiliser or manure). The DTPA-Zn concentration in soil was higher where Zn had been applied and declined with an increase in soil depth. The distribution of different fractions of Zn under various treatments and depths was inconsistent, and varied in a cropping year. The average concentration of total Zn (mg/kg) was 183, 183, 171, and 211 in 0–0.15, 0.15–0.30, 0.30–0.45, and 0.45–0.60 m depth, respectively. Residual Zn was the dominant portion of total Zn at all soil depths. Grain and stover yield of maize ranged from 1.10 to 2.43 t/ha and 1.22 to 2.46 t/ha, respectively, under different treatments, whereas, the yield of wheat grain varied from 2.25 to 4.69 t/ha and that of wheat straw from 2.56 to 5.20 t/ha. Highest uptake of Zn by both the crops occurred in Zn-treated plots. Zinc associated with easily reducible manganese, carbonate and iron and aluminum oxides contributed directly towards DTPA-extractable Zn. Sorbed Zn (SORB-Zn) and Zn associated with organic matter (OM-Zn) contributed significantly towards Zn uptake by the 2 crops.
16
Dubytska, Anhelina, Oksana Kachmar, Oleksandr Dubytskyi, and Oksana Vavrynovych. "The Influence of Ecologised Fertiliser Systems on the Elements of Fertility and Productivity of Winter Wheat." Scientific Horizons 24, no. 9 (January 26, 2022): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.48077/scihor.24(9).2021.44-54.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the strategic areas for the development of modern agriculture is the use of ecologised fertiliser systems composed based on the straw of agricultural crops with the addition of microbiological, humus or chelated fertilisers. This will allow restoring natural resources and getting environmentally friendly products. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of ecologised fertiliser systems on the physical and chemical processes and nitrogen regime of grey forest soil, the development of bio-productivity of winter wheat, and the content of basic microelements in grain. The following methods were used in the research: field, laboratory-analytical, mathematical-statistical. Application of N30P45K45 against the background of pea straw with the addition of a biostimulator and humus fertiliser mostly demonstrated modern approaches to technologies for managing the fertility of grey forest soils based on the principles of environmental safety and resource conservation. Such a fertiliser system provided alkalinisation of the soil solution, optimisation of the Ca2+ and Mg2+ content, improvement of the soil nitrogen regime. Under such conditions, optimal parameters of the production process elements (the number and mass of grains in the head) were formed. The most effective in the processes of accumulation of microelements was the organo-mineral system of the following composition: pea straw + N30R45K45 + chelated fertiliser. No excess of the maximum permissible concentration for Cu, Zn, Mn, or Fe was detected. Thus, to harmonise the ecological and productive functions of grey forest soil in the winter wheat cultivation system, a combination of alternative agriculture, which consists in reducing the use of mineral fertilisers, and partial biologisation, is considered promising. This is a way to optimise soil fertility and bio-productivity
17
Barrow, N. J. "Effects of time and temperature on the sorption of cadmium, zinc, cobalt, and nickel by a soil." Soil Research 36, no. 6 (1998): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s98048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several levels of cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), or cobalt (Co) were added to samples of a soil as solutions of nitrate salts. The samples were incubated at about field capacity for up to 30 days at differing temperatures and the concentration of the metal ions in the soil solution was estimated at 4 times for each temperature. The effects of level of addition, time, and temperature on solution concentration were well described using a mechanistic model. The model suggests that the metals react with a differing range of soil components and that the pathways for diffusion into the particles also differ. The change in solution concentration was slowest for Cd and fastest for Co and Ni but these were not significantly faster than Zn. These results suggest that the toxic effects of Cd added to soils will not decrease greatly with time whereas the effectiveness of fertilisers (Zn and Co), and potential fertilisers (Ni), will decrease.
18
Brennan, R. F., and M. D. A. Bolland. "Zinc sulfate is more effective at producing wheat shoots than zinc oxide in an alkaline soil but both sources are equally effective in an acid soil." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 12 (2006): 1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effectiveness of zinc, as either zinc sulfate (ZnSO4.7H2O, 22.4% Zn) or zinc oxide (ZnO; 80% Zn) applied to an acid sand or an alkaline sandy clay, at producing wheat shoots was compared in a glasshouse experiment using yield of 50-day-old wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. The fertilisers were applied as fine powders and mixed through the soil. Both fertilisers were equally effective in the acid soil, but the oxide was about half as effective as the sulfate in the alkaline soil; about twice the amount of zinc as the oxide was required to produce the same yield as zinc added as the sulfate. The amount of zinc required to produce 90% of the maximum yield was 38 µg Zn/pot for both sources of zinc in the acid soil, and 100 µg Zn/pot for the sulfate source and 250 µg Zn/pot for the oxide source for the alkaline soil. Critical zinc, which is the zinc concentration in the youngest emerged leaf that was related to 90% of the maximum yield of shoots, was about 13 mg/kg for both sources of zinc and both soils. Zinc oxide may be less effective at producing wheat shoots than zinc sulfate in alkaline soils of south-western Australia.
19
Ndzingane, Temave S., Michael T. Masarirambi, Kwanele A. Nxumalo, Emmanuel N. Kunene, Diana M. Earnshaw, Molyn Mpofu, Daniel V. Dlamini, and Sifiso Sihlongonyana. "Effects of organic fertilisers on growth, yield and nutritional content of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)." Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research 10, no. 1 (2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30918/ampr.101.20.040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the major essential oil-producing species used in culinary and fragrance applications. However, there is a dearth of information pertaining to its organic production in the country. A field study laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was conducted at the Horticulture Farm, Luyengo Campus, University of Eswatini to assess the effects of organic fertilisers on the growth, yield and nutritional content of basil. This study consisted of four treatments replicated four times. The organic fertilisers used were chicken manure, kraal (cattle) manure and compost. The rates of application were 40 t/ha for the manures. Chemical fertilizer 2:3:2 (22) + 0.5 Zinc (Zn) and limestone ammonium nitrate (LAN 28%) were included at application rates of 150 kg/ha basal dressing and 100 kg/ha LAN top dressing, respectively. The results showed that the type of organic fertilizer applied affected the growth and yield of sweet basil. A trend in the superiority of the different types of organic fertilisers was observed as chicken manure exhibited higher values of the number of leaves (134.2), branches (78.6), leaf area (30.2 cm2)) and chlorophyll content (68.2 CCI), fresh leaf mass (355 g), and fresh mass of basil plant (691 g). Kraal manure was the second, followed by chemical fertilizer and lastly compost. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in P, K, Mn, Cu, and Zn content due to the application of different organic fertilisers. Calcium, Mg and Fe showed significant (p < 0.05) differences among the treatments. The use of chicken manure in the production of basil should be encouraged because its application resulted in relatively higher growth and yields compared to the other fertilisers. Keywords: Organic fertilizers, growth, basil, medicinal properties, mineral content.
20
Mahmoud, Abdel Wahab M., and Sahar S. Taha. "Main Sulphur Content in Essential Oil of Eruca Sativa as Affected by Nano Iron and Nano Zinc Mixed with Organic Manure." Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo) 64, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agri-2018-0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Profitable prospective of rocket plant is progressively growing recently. Hence an experiment was conducted in open field to evaluate the effect of chicken manure, nano iron (Fe), nano zinc (Zn) and combination of them on morphological, fresh weight and seed yield, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency and chemicals constituents represented in macro and micro elements, plant pigments, total phenolics, total carbohydrate, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, crude protein, total fatty acids, indole acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) hormones, oil seed yield and methylthiobutyl- isothiocyanate as main sulphur content in essential oil of Eruca sativa Mill. compared to chemical fertilisers (NPK) as control. Results revealed that, nano Fe and Zn treatments either alone or in combination with manure had the upper hand, where significantly increased almost all parameters under study in comparison with control. The outcomes of present research gave emphasis to global warning about pollution of chemical fertilisers and safety production.
21
Maňásek, Josef, Tomáš Lošák, Karel Prokeš, Jaroslav Hlušek, Monika Vítězová, Petr Škarpa, and Radek Filipčík. "Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on micronutrient content in grain maize (Zea mays L.)." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 1 (2013): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361010123.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A two-year small-plot field experiment with the grain maize hybrid KWS 2376 was conducted on heavy soil with a low supply of available nutrients incl. potassium (K) at Otrokovice, Czech Republic, during 2010–2011. The experiment included 4 treatments: unfertilized control; nitrogen (N) fertilisation with urea (120 kg N/ha) alone or combined with two forms of K fertiliser (potassium chloride (KCl) or potassium sulphate (K2SO4); 125 kg K2O/ha). Biomass samples for determination of Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe were taken as the whole aboveground biomass in the DC 32 (first node stage), the ear-leaf in the DC 61 (flowering stage) and grain during the harvest.Between the two years the content of micronutrients in the individual treatments varied irregularly. In DC 32 and DC 61 the order of the content of micronutrients was as follows: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu. The Fe content was significantly the highest in the unfertilised control and the Mn content after the application of N + K2SO4 in both samplings. In the grain the order was as follows: Zn > Fe > Mn > Cu (mg/kg DM): at the following contents: Zn: 19.20–23.19; Fe: 15.12–19.87; Mn: 0.85–3.60; Cu: 0.19–1.34. We can recommend fertilisation of maize with urea and with both potassium mineral fertilisers without any negative effects on the content of the micronutrients in the maize biomass.
22
Ralston, M. P., K. R. Brown, M. D. Hare, and K. A. Young. "GRASS SEED PRODUCTION: WEEDS, HERBICIDES AND FERTILISERS." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 2 (January 1, 1985): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.2.1985.3307.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Four weed species (Bromus mollis, Vulpia sp., Poa annua, Steltaria media) occur in 30% or more of all perennial ryegrass seed samples. Of the listed undesirable species, Avena fatua (wild oat) and Hordeum murinum occurred respectively in 5.3 and 3.5% of ryegrass seedlots. Only 6 herbicides are registered for use in grass seed crops in New Zealand, 2 for wild oat, and 4 for broadleaved weeds. The results of research on weed control in seedling and established seed crops (ryegrass, cocksfoot, tall fescue, phalaris, prairie grass) are presented. Fertilisers for grass seed crops discussed are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), lime and zinc. Autumn N is commonly used and will increase seed yields in early flowering species (Pestuca rubra, F. arundinacea), but in ryegrass variable results have occurred. Spring N should be applied at stem elongation. No responses to P have been reported for ryegrass, while in established cocksfoot responses to P and K have been reported. Overliming can induce Zn deficiencies, and of the grass species only prairie grass may require lime. Keywords: Lolium, ryegrass, seed production, weed occurrence, Bromus mollis, herbicides, fertilisers, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, lime, zinc
23
Reuland, Gregory, Ivona Sigurnjak, Harmen Dekker, Evi Michels, and Erik Meers. "The Potential of Digestate and the Liquid Fraction of Digestate as Chemical Fertiliser Substitutes under the RENURE Criteria." Agronomy 11, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071374.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study assessed how digestate and the liquid fraction (LF) of digestate would perform as candidate RENURE fertilisers (recovered nitrogen from manure) in nitrate vulnerable zones under the proposed criteria of the Joint Research Centre, namely, (i) a mineral nitrogen to total nitrogen ratio ≥ 90% (Nmin:TN ≥ 90%) or a total organic carbon to TN ratio ≤ 3 (TOC:TN ≤ 3); (ii) limits of ≤300 copper (Cu) mg kg−1 and ≤800 Zinc (Zn) mg kg−1. These criteria were applied to unpublished data (n = 2622) on digestate compositional properties, further amended with data from the literature (n = 180); digestate analysis from seven full-scale biogas facilities (n = 14); and biogas industry stakeholders (n = 23). The results showed that Cu and Zn mostly met the criteria, with compliance rates of 94.7% (of 1035 entries) and 95.0% (of 1038 entries), respectively. Just above 5% (of 1856 entries) met the Nmin/TN ≥ 90% criterion, while 36% (of 1583 entries) met the TOC/TN ≤ 3 criterion, while total compliance was 32% (of 1893 entries). When targeting the LF, total compliance increased noticeably, between 43 and 58% depending on DM range, indicating that LFs are better suited RENURE candidate fertilisers than unseparated digestate.
24
Obrador, A., J. M. Alvarez, M. D. Fernández, and L. M. López-Valdivia. "Changes with time of zinc forms in an acid, a neutral, and a calcareous soil amended with three organic zinc complexes." Soil Research 40, no. 1 (2002): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr00099.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Three zinc (Zn) fertilisers were added as soluble organic salts (Zn-ethylenediaminetetraacetate plus fulvic and humic acids, Zn-lignosulfonate plus ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and Zn-2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxilate) at several levels, to 3 representative types of soils, to study the behaviour of Zn applied. Samples of treated and untreated soils were incubated for 15, 30, and 60 days at 22˚C and field capacity. A selective sequential dissolution procedure and DTPA extraction were employed to determine the changes in Zn distribution. The distribution and the percentage conversion into different forms of the added metal were dependent on soil type, Zn sources, and Zn loading level. After an initial increase in all forms of Zn in the treated soils, Zn concentration in the water-soluble plus exchangeable fraction and the amounts extracted with DTPA began to decrease. At the end of the experiment, Zn in the most labile fraction was detected in the calcareous soil (pHw 8.3) only when the mixture of fulvic and humic acids with Zn-EDTA chelate was applied (e.g. 1.59 mg/kg of Zn in the 20 mg/kg treatment). The highest conversion values of Zn applied in this calcareous soil occurred in the amorphous Fe-oxide bound and residual fractions of all fertilisation treatments and a low conversion value occurred in the carbonate-bound fraction. fulvic acid, humic acid, Zn-EDTA, Zn-lignosulfonate, Zn-2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxilate, Zn extractability.
25
Shaoxia, Wang, Li Meng, Zhang Xiaoyuan, Fei Peiwen, Chen Yanlong, Shi Jianglan, and Tian Xiaohong. "Impact of foliar and root application of phosphorus on zinc concentration of winter wheat grown in China." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 6 (2019): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp18393.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Foliar zinc (ZnSO4) application is an effective agronomic tool for Zn biofortification of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and hence for overcoming human Zn deficiency. It is unclear how the methods used to apply phosphorus (P) fertilisers affect the uptake and availability of Zn in wheat plants. Here, a solution-culture experiment and a 2-year field experiment were conducted to determine the influence of P applied to leaves or roots on total, soluble and insoluble Zn in winter wheat plants (cv. Xiaoyan-22) also receiving foliar Zn. Foliar Zn application, regardless of P application, significantly improved grain total Zn (primarily water-soluble) by 79.4% under both growth conditions, and reduced grain phytic acid:Zn (PA:Zn) molar ratio by 54.4% in the field. In solution culture, root-applied P did not affect plant uptake of foliar-applied Zn; however, foliar application of Zn plus P reduced the soluble fraction of Zn in wheat tissues, and thus decreased grain Zn concentration by 13.2% compared with Zn-only foliar application. Similarly, in the field, foliar-applied Zn plus P resulted in lower grain total and soluble Zn concentration and higher grain PA and PA:Zn molar ratio than foliar Zn alone. Overall, foliar Zn application is efficient in increasing grain Zn concentration and bioavailability under varied methods of P application. Although foliar-applied P slightly reduces the ability of plants to use foliar-applied Zn to increase grain Zn, foliar Zn combined with commonly applied foliar P application represents an easily adoptable practice for farmers that will help to alleviate Zn deficiency in human populations.
26
Brennan, R. F., B. Penrose, and R. W. Bell. "Micronutrients limiting pasture production in Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 12 (2019): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19087.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Low levels of plant-available micronutrients were an inherent feature of many agricultural soils in Australia, mostly due to the prevalence of highly weathered soil parent materials. The diagnosis and correction of the widespread deficiencies of micronutrients, especially copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn), were prerequisites for the development of productive, legume-based pastures in southern Australia. In subtropical and tropical regions, Mo deficiency commonly limited pasture-legume production. Soil treatments involving micronutrient fertiliser incorporated in soils, or applied as additives to superphosphate, were generally effective in alleviating micronutrient deficiencies. In the low-output dryland pasture systems, the annual removal of micronutrients in wool and meat is small compared with rates added in fertiliser. Hence, in general, the residues of soil-applied micronutrient fertilisers remain effective for many years, for example, up to 30 years for Cu. By contrast, shorter residual values occur for manganese (Mn) fertiliser on highly calcareous soils, and for Zn in high-output pasture systems such as intensive dairy production. In the last two decades since the recommendations for micronutrient management of pastures were developed, there have been many changes to farming systems, with likely implications for micronutrient status in pastures. First, increased cropping intensity and low prices for wool and meat have meant lower nutrient inputs to pastures or to the pasture phase of rotations with crops. However, when pastures have been rotated with crops, ongoing small additions of Cu, Zn and Mo have been common. In cropping phases of farming systems, lime application and no-till may have altered the chemical and positional availability of micronutrients in soils to pastures. However, there has been little study of the impacts of these farming-systems changes on micronutrient status of pastures or profitability of the production system. The intensification of dairy production systems may also have altered the demand for, and removal rates of, micronutrients. Soil tests are not very reliable for Mn or Mo deficiencies, and well-calibrated soil tests for boron, Cu and Zn have been developed only for limited areas of pasture production and for a limited range of species. There is limited use of plant tests for nutrient management of pastures. In conclusion, there is limited knowledge of the current micronutrient status of pastures and their effects on animal health. Pasture production would benefit from targeted investigation of micronutrients status of pasture soils, pasture plants and micronutrient-linked animal-health issues.
27
Joannon, G., R. Poss, R. Korpraditskul, D. Brunet, and P. Boonsock. "Water and soil pollution in vineyards of central Thailand." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 7 (October 1, 2001): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0402.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Very intensive cultivation systems have been developed in the delta of the Chao Phraya River for about a century. The objective of the study was to determine the fate of the fertilisers and pesticides applied to vineyards grown on raised beds. Water samples were collected from the outlet of a vineyard to determine the discharge of pollutants in the canal. The accumulation of elements in the soil was investigated by analysing soil samples from different fields. Fertilisation was estimated at 670 kg N, 300 kg P, and 560 kg K year−1 ha−1. Insecticides and fungicides were applied every four days on average, using up to 23 different molecules. Little N and no P were discharged in the canals in solution and discharge in suspension was minor. Pesticides were detected in 36% of the water samples. The topsoil contained 1600 mg kg−1 Bray II P, 936 mg kg−1 exchangeable K, 170 mg kg−1 total Cu, and 167 mg kg−1 total Zn. Pesticides were detected in 62% of the fruits after peeling. Overuse of fertilisers did not lead to water pollution, but overuse of pesticides resulted in pollution of the water bodies and of the fruits. Most applied elements accumulated in the soil, resulting in high values of P, K, Cu, and Zn.
28
Thompson-Morrison, Hadee, Sally Gaw, and Brett Robinson. "An Assessment of Trace Element Accumulation in Palm Oil Production." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 11, 2022): 4553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084553.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is grown on 17,000,000 hectares in Southeast Asia, producing oil and the by-product, palm kernel expeller (PKE), for export. Elaeis guineensis is typically produced on weathered acidic soils, with fertilisers and fungicides used to increase production. These amendments can contain elevated concentrations of trace elements (TEs), either as the active ingredient (e.g., Cu-based fungicides) or as contaminants, including F, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and U. TEs may accumulate in soil over time, and be taken up by plants, posing a food-chain transfer risk if allowed to exceed soil guideline values. We reviewed available literature on trace elements in soil, plant material, oil and PKE to evaluate the risk of TE accumulation due to phosphate fertiliser and Cu-fungicide use. TE concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Cd were reported to be up to 69, 107 and 5.2 mg kg−1, respectively, in E. guineensis plantation soils, while Cu and As were reported to be up to 28.9 and 3.05 mg kg−1, respectively, in PKE (>50% their permissible limits). Iron, a TE, has also been reported in PKE up to 6130 mg kg−1 (>10-fold the permissible limit). TE accumulation is an emerging issue for the palm oil industry, which, if unaddressed, will negatively affect the industry’s economic and environmental sustainability. There are critical knowledge gaps concerning TEs in palm oil systems, including a general lack of research from Southeast Asian environments and information concerning key contaminants (Fe, Cu, As and Cd) in soils, plants and PKE.
29
MÄKELÄ-KURTTO, R., and J. SIPPOLA. "Monitoring of Finnish arable land: changes in soil quality between 1987 and 1998." Agricultural and Food Science 11, no. 4 (January 4, 2002): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5730.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study is part of the long-term monitoring of Finnish arable land and it is based on soil analyses of 705 monitoring sites sampled in 1998. The same sites were sampled twice previously,in 1974 and 1987. We describe here the state of the Finnish cultivated soils in 1998 and changes in soil quality since 1987. The samples were analysed for organic C, volume weight, pH, P, K, Ca, S, Mg, Al, B, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se and Zn.Macronutrients were extracted with 0.5 M ammonium acetate + 0.5 M acetic acid (pH 4.65) and most micronutrients, Al and heavy metals with the same solution + 0.02 M Na 2 EDTA. Hot water was used to extract B and Se. From 1987 to 1998, soil P, Ca, Mg, S, Cr, Cu, Zn, volume weight and electrical conductivity increased and soil K, B, pH and organic C decreased. There was no change in soil Al, Cd, Mn and Ni. Between 1987 and 1998,the use of P,K,B and Cu in mineral fertilisers declined whereas that of Ca in liming agents and Zn in mineral fertilisers increased. With the exception of P and Cu,these changes affected the concentrations of easily soluble macro- and micronutrients in the soil accordingly. The slight decrease in soil pH might be due to the increase in the use of fertliser N. The finding that soil Cd and Ni ceased to increase and that soil Cr increased only slightly was attributed to the dramatic reduction in national emissions and bulk depositions of heavy metals.;
30
Provolo, Giorgio, Giulia Manuli, Alberto Finzi, Giorgio Lucchini, Elisabetta Riva, and Gian Sacchi. "Effect of Pig and Cattle Slurry Application on Heavy Metal Composition of Maize Grown on Different Soils." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (July 31, 2018): 2684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082684.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cattle and pig manure contain useful mineral nutrients (N, P, and K) and are therefore used as organic fertilizer. However, excessive applications of manure can cause environmental problems and threaten animal and human health because these materials also hold significant amounts of heavy metals, particularly Cu and Zn. To assess the potential risk due to the increased concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Mn, Zn, and Cr) in a harvested crop, two maize hybrids were grown in pots on four different soils with three different fertilisers (urea, pig manure, and cattle manure). Both soil and manure characteristics influenced the heavy metal concentrations in the plant shoots. Organic fertilisation strongly interacted with the soils and, in general, reduced the shoot content of Cu, Mn, and Zn. A preliminary assessment of the heavy metal balance of the agricultural systems based on the intensive livestock production and maize cultivation showed that the potential soil enrichment of the long-term application of livestock manure arises mainly from the application of pig slurries that have a high content of Cu and Zn. The time required to apply an amount of metal that is equal to the initial soil content is 60–300 years for Zn and 240–450 years for Cu, depending on the soil type and the initial heavy metal content.
31
Batten, G. D., K. M. Marr, and L. G. Lewin. "The effect of nitrogen fertiliser on yield, nitrogen and mineral elements in Australian brown rice." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 7 (1999): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Summary. The average yield of rice crops grown by the 2300 producers in southern Australia has ranged from 6.5 to 9.4 t/ha over the last 5 years. Average yields in the northern Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area have exceeded 10 t/ha in several of these years with individual producers attaining yields greater than 12 t/ha. Further increases in yield are expected with new genotypes, such as Namaga released in 1997. These high yielding crops require access to large amounts of nitrogen (and other elements) from the soil and fertilisers. Inputs of other nutrients are relatively minor and limited to phosphorus (P), sulfur (S) and zinc (Zn). In the current study, we evaluate the relations between yield increase due to nitrogen (N) fertiliser applications, and the rate of removal of elements by medium and long-grain genotypes. Some significant differences were found between genotypes in the concentration and accumulation of some minerals. In the 1993–94 experiment, the long-grain genotype Langi yielded higher and had higher mineral concentrations than Pelde, the lower-yielding genotype it replaced. However, no consistent relationships emerged between genotype, yield and mineral concentration or accumulation. Nitrogen applications caused significant increases in yield, grain nitrogen and some mineral concentrations. In the 1992–93 and 1993–94 experiments, 125 kg and 100 kg nitrogen fertiliser increased yield by 63% and 71% (from 6.8 to 11.1 t/ha and from 5.9 to 10.1 t/ha), respectively. The same N application rates increased the nitrogen concentration in the grain from 12.9 g/kg to 14.5 g/kg in 1992–93, and from 11.4 g/kg to 12.6 g/kg in 1993–94. Grain S was significantly increased in 1992–93 from 1.04 to 1.21 g/kg, and from 0.82 to 0.94 g/kg in 1993–94. The concentrations of grain Mn also increased significantly with N application in the 1993–94 season. Total accumulation of all minerals (except B and Na in 1992–1993 and Cu in 1993–1994) increased with N application. Yield increase, driven by N fertiliser, was the major influence on increased export of N, S, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn from the soil.
32
Deak, Iringo, and Mircea Mihalache. "RESEARCH ON DETERMINING THE NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF VARIOUS POTATO VARIETIES AT SOLFARM SRL, COVASNA COUNTY." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 10, no. 19 (July 31, 2021): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2021.v10i19.016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Potato cultivation is mainly influenced by the type of fertilisers used, the dosage of mineral or organic fertilisers applied based on the soil nutrient supply and texture of the soil. The potato’s particularities in growing stolons and tubers in the soil, the superficial root system, reltively smaller when compared to the above-ground part, make the plant’s soil condition requirements different from other crops. The purpose of these experiments was to determine the nutrient content in the soil, in order to accurately determine the macro- and micro-element requirements, decided before starting the cultivation, as they are highly important in order to obtain a good yield. In order to monitor the soil nutrient supply, soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-20 and 20-40 cm for ten different varieties, i.e. Arizona, Esmee, Riviera, Red Lady, Carrera, Jelly, Red Fantasy, Levantina, Bellarosa and Luna Rosa, and based on them the ph values, the humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and mobile form (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) content were established. Soil analysis is extremely important before starting the cultivation, because it helps farmers determine whether the type of soil is suitable for the plants to be grown and to determine an adequate fertilisation plan.
33
Çakmakçı, Songül, and Ramazan Çakmakçı. "Quality and Nutritional Parameters of Food in Agri-Food Production Systems." Foods 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12020351.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Organic farming is a production system that avoids or largely excludes the use of synthetic agricultural inputs such as pesticides, growth regulators, highly soluble mineral fertilisers, supplements, preservatives, flavouring, aromatic substances and genetically modified organisms, and their products. This system aims to maintain and increase soil fertility and quality, and relies on systems such as crop rotation, polyculture, intercropping, ecosystem management, covering crops, legumes, organic and bio-fertilisers, mechanical cultivation and biological control methods. The present review summarises and evaluates research comparing the quality of traditionally, organically and conventionally produced foods. In some cases, although the results of the studies contradict each other, organically grown in vegetables, especially berries and fruits are slightly higher dry matter, minerals such as P, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn, vitamin C, sugars, carotenoids, antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid compounds. In addition, their sensory properties are more pleasant. The nutritional content, quality and safety of organic foods are acceptable if the recent trends are reviewed, tested and verified. Therefore, the aim of this review is to compile, describe and update scientific evidence and data on the quality, safety, bioactive compounds and nutritional and phytochemical quality of foods in traditional and organic fruit, vegetable and cereal production systems.
34
Heydari, Ali, Nick D. Kim, Jacqui Horswell, Gerty Gielen, Alma Siggins, Matthew Taylor, Collette Bromhead, and Barry R. Palmer. "Co-Selection of Heavy Metal and Antibiotic Resistance in Soil Bacteria from Agricultural Soils in New Zealand." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031790.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Accumulation of trace elements (including heavy metals) in soil from usage of superphosphate fertilisers induces resistance of soil bacteria to trace elements of environmental concern (TEoEC) and may co-select for resistance to antibiotics (Ab). This study aimed to investigate selection of co-resistance of soil bacteria to Cd, Zn and Hg, and Ab in soils with varied management histories. Genetic diversity of these bacteria and horizontal transfer of Cd resistance genes (cadA and czcA) were also investigated. Soils with either pastoral and arable management histories and either high levels of Cd and Zn, or indigenous bush with background levels of these TEoEC from the Waikato region, New Zealand were sampled. Plate culturing with a range of TEoEC and Ab concentrations, Pollution Induced Community Tolerance (PICT) assay, antibiotic sensitivity, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) analyses were employed to investigate co-selection of TEoEC and Ab resistance. Higher levels of bacterial resistance to TEoEC and Ab correlated with higher levels of TEoEC in soil. Bacterial community structures were altered in soils with high TEoEC levels. Cd resistance genes were transferred from donor bacterial isolates, to recipients and the transconjugants also had resistance to Zn and/or Hg and a range of Ab.
35
Kooh, Muhammad Raziq Rahimi, Jose H. Santos, and Muhammad Khairud Dahri. "Preparation and Evaluation ofAcetabularia-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode in Anodic Stripping Voltammetry of Copper and Lead Ions." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/538012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seaweed is well known about for potential in chelating heavy metals. In this study, carbon paste electrodes were fabricated with siphonous seaweedAcetabularia acetabulumas the modifiers to sense lead (II) and copper (II) by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Various scan rates and deposition potentials were measured to obtain the optimal peak current for Pb(II) and Cu(II). Optimum conditions ofAcetabularia-CPE for sensing Pb(II) were at the scan rate of 75 mV/s and deposition potential of −800 mV, while for Cu(II) sensing were at 100 mV/s and −300 mV, respectively. The electrodes were characterized by the duration of accumulation time, preconcentration over a range of standards, supporting electrolyte, and standard solutions of various pH values. Interference studies were carried out. Both Zn(II) and Cu(II) were found to interfere with Pb(II) sensing, whereas only Zn(II) causes interference with Cu(II) sensing. The electrode was found to have good regeneration ability via electrochemical cleaning. Preliminary testing of complex samples such as NPK fertilisers, black soil, and sea salt samples was included.
36
Granel, Thierry, Brett Robinson, Tessa Mills, Brent Clothier, Steve Green, and Lindsay Fung. "Cadmium accumulation by willow clones used for soil conservation, stock fodder, and phytoremediation." Soil Research 40, no. 8 (2002): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Elevated levels of cadmium are often found in the soil of New Zealand pasturelands due to the long-term use of Cd-contaminated fertilisers. The accumulation of Cd in willow biomass used as stock fodder could therefore adversely affect agricultural productivity and human health. Alternatively, willows may be used for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil at polluted sites. An investigation was carried out to determine the variation in Cd as well as Zn, Mn, and Fe accumulation in 15 willow clones that had been bred for soil conservation purposes. These clones were grown under controlled conditions in 20-L pots of soil containing Cd, Zn, Mn, and Fe at concentrations of 0.3, 64, 597, and 56 000 mg/kg, respectively. Daily water use was measured over the final 2 weeks of the experiment and biomass accumulation was determined at the end of the experiment. We found that shrub willows had significantly higher leaf and stem Cd, Mn, and Zn concentrations than tree willows. Average leaf Cd concentrations varied widely between clones from 1.5 to 10 mg/kg. Clones with a high Cd accumulation capacity may be selected to improve the efficacy of Cd-phytoremediation, whereas clones that accumulated lower Cd concentrations may be used for stock fodder. Metal concentrations were not significantly correlated with plant water-use, or biomass production.
37
Bákonyi, Nóra. "Examination of Zn deficiency on some physiological parameters in case of maize and cucumber seedlings." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. I (October 5, 2010): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/i/8363.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient needed not only for people, but also crops. Almost half of the world’s cereal crops are deficient inZn, leading to poor crop yields. In fact, one-third (33%) of the world's population is at risk of Zn deficiency in rates, ranging from 4% to73% depending on the given country. Zn deficiency in agricultural soils is also a major global problem affecting both crop yield and quality.The Zn contents of soils in Hungary are medium or rather small. Generally, the rate of Zn deficiency is higher on sand, sandy loam or soiltypes of large organic matter contents. High pH and calcium carbonate contents are the main reasons for the low availability of Zn forplants (Karimian and Moafpouryan, 1999). It has been reported that the high-concentration application of phosphate fertilisers reduces Znavailability (Khosgoftarmanesh et al., 2006). Areas with Zn deficiency are particularly extensive in Békés, Fejér and Tolna County inHungary, yet these areas feature topsoils of high organic matter contents. Usually, Zn is absorbed strongly in the upper part the soil, and ithas been observed that the uptakeable Zn contents of soil are lower than 1.4 mg kg-1.Maize is one of the most important crops in Hungary, grown in the largest areas, and belongs to the most sensitive cultures to Zndeficiency. Zn deficiency can causes serious damage in yield (as large as 80 %), especially in case of maize. On the other hand, Zndeficiency can also cause serious reduction in the yields of dicots. One of the most important vegetables of canning industry is cucumber,which is grown all over the world.In this study, the effects of Zn deficiency have investigated on the growth of shoots and roots, relative and absolute chlorophyll contents,fresh and dry matter accumulation, total root and shoot lengths, the leaf number and leaf area of test plants in laboratory. Experimentalplants used have been maize (Zea mays L. cv. Reseda sc.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Delicatess). A monocot and dicot plant havechosen a to investigate the effects of Zn deficiency, because they have different nutrient uptake mechanism.It has been observed that the unfavourable effects of Zn deficiency have caused damage in some physiological parameters, andsignificantly reduced the growth, chlorophyll contents of monocots and dicots alike.
38
Zatloukalová, Andrea, Tomáš Lošák, Jaroslav Hlušek, Pavel Pavloušek, Martin Sedláček, and Radek Filipčík. "The effect of soil and foliar applications of magnesium fertilisers on yields and quality of vine (Vitis vinifera, L.) grapes." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 3 (2011): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159030221.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A one-year field trial was established with the vine variety Ryzlink vlašský (Riesling italico) to evaluate the effect of spring soil applications and 5x repeated foliar application of magnesium fertilisers on yields and quality of grapes. On light soil of the experimental locality Žabčice (ca 25 km south of Brno) visual symptoms of Mg deficiency on vine leaves had been monitored in the past. The experiment involved 4 treatments: 1) unfertilised control; 2) spring soil application of Kieserite – 20 kg Mg.ha−1; 3) 5x foliar application of a 5% solution of Epso Combitop – Mg, S, Mn, Zn; 11.8 kg Mg.ha−1; 4) 5x foliar applications of a 5% solution of Epso Top – Mg, S; 14.8 kg Mg.ha−1.No significant differences among the treatments were detected in the contents of K (1.40–1.67%) and Ca (1.63–1.91%) in leaves sampled after the applications. After foliar applications the contents of Mg and S significantly increased in treatments 3–4 to 0.42–0.49% and 0.34–0.40 %, respectively compared to treatments 1–2 (0.29–0.30% and 0.22%, respectively). The content of Zn (173–380 mg.kg−1) and Mn (90–551 mg.kg−1) increased significantly in treatment 3 compared to the other treatments. The chlorophyll index did not differ among the treatments. Grape yields (t.ha−1) in treatments 1–4 were the following: 7.04–8.16–7.51–7.26 t.ha−1, respectively. Only the soil-applied treatment 2 differed significantly from the other treatments. The content of sugar (16.5–17.9 °NM), titratable acids (12.78–13.25 g.l−1) and the pH of must (3.02–3.11) did not differ among the treatments.
39
Jabborova, Dilfuza, Ravish Choudhary, Rohini Karunakaran, Sezai Ercisli, Jyoti Ahlawat, Khurshid Sulaymanov, Abdulahat Azimov, and Zafarjon Jabbarov. "The Chemical Element Composition of Turmeric Grown in Soil–Climate Conditions of Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan." Plants 10, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 1426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071426.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A mineral fertiliser has positive effects in improving turmeric nutrients, soil enzymes and soil properties. The aim of this research was to study the effect of mineral fertilisers on the content of mineral elements in turmeric rhizome, soil enzymes activity and soil properties in the Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan. For the first time in Uzbekistan, the turmeric rhizome was cultivated to study the mineral elements present in the rhizome. A microplot experiment was conducted with four treatments including T1 (Control), T2 (N75P50K50 kg/ha), T3 (N125P100K100 kg/ha) and T4 (N100P75K75 + B3Zn6Fe6 kg/ha) and turmeric rhizome, which were collected for observation along with the soil samples. The analyses indicated that the NPK + BZnFe (100:75:75:3:6:6 kg/ha) treatment significantly improved minerals such as K, Ca, P, Mg and Na contents rhizome as compared to the control without fertiliser. Likewise, the maximum quantity of micronutrient content viz., Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr and Si was also recorded in turmeric rhizome treated with NPK + BZnFe (125:100:100:3:6:6 kg/ha). It showed an increase in these micronutrients in the rhizome compared to the control, followed by a low rate of NPK (75:50:50 kg/ha). The highest content in terms of total N, P, K content, humus, active phosphorus, potassium, and enzymes activity was also observed in soil with the treatment of mineral fertiliser viz., NPK + BznFe (100:75:75:3:6:6 kg/ha), which enhanced soil nutrient and enzyme activity. The NPK + BznFe (100:75:75:3:6:6 kg/ha) treatment significantly increased the active N content by 40%, total P content by 38% and total K content by 22% in comparison to the control without mineral fertiliser. Overall, it was found that NPK + BznFe (100:75:75:3:6:6 kg/ha) was significantly valuable for enhancing the total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels in the soil compared to control, which is useful for improving soil health in terms of soil enzyme and soil nutrients. Additionally, the micronutrients in turmeric rhizome were significantly enhanced when using this combination of fertiliser applications [NPK + BznFe (100:75:75:3:6:6 kg/ha)]. Therefore, this present study revealed that the NPK+BznFe (100:75:75:3:6:6 kg/ha) could produce the most significant yield of high-quality turmeric plants and improve soil properties in Uzbek soil–climate conditions.
40
Weggler-Beaton, Karin, Robin D. Graham, and Michael J. McLaughlin. "The influence of low rates of air-dried biosolids on yield and phosphorus and zinc nutrition of wheat (Triticum durum) and barley( Hordeum vulgare)." Soil Research 41, no. 2 (2003): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02074.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In field studies in 1992 and 1993, biosolid applications of 2 t/ha with supplements of mineral N and P were compared with a standard mineral fertiliser application (20 kg N/ha, 20 kg P/ha, 1.8–2.8 kg Zn/ha, 1.4–1.9 kg Cu/ha, 0.5–4 kg Mn/ha) on 4 soil types. Biosolid rates from 2 to 10 t/ha were applied in 1993. Shoot dry matter production at different stages of plant development (9 and 15 weeks after sowing) and grain production of Triticum durum and Hordeum vulgare, as well as nutrient concentration in shoots and grain, were taken as indicators for comparing nutrient availability of the 2 sources. A 2-t biosolid application was found to enhance dry-matter production and yield to the same extent as a mineral fertiliser application of 20 kg N/ha, 20 kg P/ha, and 1.8–2.8 kg Zn/ha. In some crop rotations and on sites with a high yield potential, additional nitrogen with 2 t biosolids/ha would be necessary to achieve such yields. However, development of durum wheat fertilised with 2 t biosolids was slower and P uptake lower than with mineral fertiliser until late booting. Durum wheat fertilised with 4 t biosolids showed similar P-uptake values as plants fertilised with the mineral fertiliser. The Zn-uptake of plants was positively correlated with biosolid application rates, showing a linear relationship. A 2-t biosolid application alleviated micronutrient deficiency to the same extent as the same rate of Zn (and Cu) given in mineral form.
41
Knapowski, Tomasz, Wojciech Kozera, Elżbieta Wszelaczyńska, Jarosław Pobereżny, Joanna Cieślewicz, and Jarosław Chmielewski. "The effect of environmental conditions on the content of selected micronutrients in spelt grain." Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 28, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2017-0015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of application of small amounts of nitrogen to the soil together with foliar application of micronutrients on the content of copper, manganese and zinc in the grain of spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.). The study was based on a two-factor field experiment conducted in 2009–2011 on very good rye complex soil. Nitrogen was applied in the form of ammonium nitrate (34% N), and manganese and copper were applied to the leaves in the form of the fertilisers Adob Mn (1.5 l∙ha−1) and Adob Cu (1.0 l∙ha−1), respectively. The results indicated that the nitrogen fertilisation, the foliar application of micronutrients and the interaction of these factors significantly determined the contents of copper, manganese and zinc in the grain. The highest content of Cu and Mn in the material was obtained following the application of 50 kg N·ha−1, and an increase in nitrogen application (to 50 kg·ha−1) caused a decrease in the content of zinc in the grain. Foliar application of Cu, Mn and both elements together resulted in significant changes in the concentrations of Cu, Mn and Zn in the plant material as compared to treatment without the application of micronutrients. The mineral fertilisers at the rates applied had a beneficial effect on the chemical composition of the grain, and thus on its quality, and this was achieved with substantially lower consumption of agrochemicals than that in the case of agrotechnical procedures for traditional cereals. It can, therefore, be concluded that this practice is environment friendly and can significantly reduce the negative impact of agricultural activity.
42
Manga, Veronica E., Christopher M. Agyingi, and Cheo E. Suh. "Trace Element Soil Quality Status of Mt. Cameroon Soils." Advances in Geology 2014 (September 23, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/894103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The concentrations of Cu, Co, Zn, Ni, V, and Cr in topsoils at six sites located along the lower slopes of Mt. Cameroon were assessed for their potential toxicity to humans and the ecosystem. Soils were collected from horizons down to a depth of 70 cm and analysed for trace element concentration by ICP-MS technique. The Dutch soil quality standards which use %clay/silt and organic matter content to derive target values were used to assess the contamination levels of the soils. The content of these soils was also compared to the United Kingdom ICRCL “soil trigger” values. Zinc and Cu values were persistently below the normal value (A) and occurred in the lower elevation, the region of extreme weathering, while Cr and V values were above the intervention (C) values. The high content of Cr in common fertilisers poses a potential risk in toxicity in the higher elevations experiencing lower weathering rates, where soil Cr levels are elevated.
43
Głowacka, Aleksandra, Bogdan Szostak, and Renata Klebaniuk. "Effect of Biogas Digestate and Mineral Fertilisation on the Soil Properties and Yield and Nutritional Value of Switchgrass Forage." Agronomy 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040490.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a three-year application of digestate from an agricultural biogas plant on the physicochemical properties of highly acidic pHKCl 4.4 ± 0.23, silty loam soils with low macronutrient content and on the yield and nutritional value of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) biomass harvested for green fodder. The experiment included the following treatments: (1) O (control)—no fertilisation, (2) NPK—mineral fertilisation with (in kg ha−1) 150 N, 53.0 P and 105 K, (3) biogas digestate at 30 m3 ha−1 and (4) biogas digestate at 60 m3 ha−1. The higher application rate of biogas digestate significantly reduced soil acidity to pHKCl 4.9 ± 0.18 and improved its sorption properties. It also increased the soil organic matter content from 5.6 ± 0.21 to 6.4 ± 0.22 g Corg kg−1 and of K and Zn. The higher level of biogas digestate significantly increased switchgrass yield to 5.15 ± 0.26 t ha−1. The lower application rate of biogas digestate resulted in forage yield of 4.30 ± 0.20 t ha−1 comparable to that obtained after mineral fertilisation (4.33 ± 0.22 t ha−1). Following application of mineral fertilisers and the higher level of biogas digestate, the number of panicles per plant (150 ± 2.49–157 ± 0.6.17), panicle height (107 ± 1.98–114 ± 2.08), crude ash content (61.2 ± 0.43–65.5 ± 0.38) and protein content (106 ± 0.59–92 ± 1.11) in the switchgrass biomass from the first cut were higher than in the case of unfertilised soil (110 ± 3.81, 93 ± 1.32, 55.5 ± 0.40, 80.3 ± 0.37). The use of mineral fertilisers and biogas digestate increased the content of protein, P and Mg in biomass from the second cut. The results suggest that the use of digestate improved the physicochemical properties of highly acidic soil and increased the yield of switchgrass forage without diminishing its nutritional value.
44
Menšík, Ladislav, Lukáš Hlisnikovský, Ladislav Holík, Pavel Nerušil, and Eva Kunzová. "Possibilities of Determination of Risk Elements in Alluvial Agriculture Soils in the Mže and Otava River Basins by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry." Agriculture (Pol'nohospodárstvo) 66, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agri-2020-0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe undesirable, hazardous, and risk elements are introduced into all environmental parts through human activities. They enter the soil and aquatic environment by atmospheric deposition, or by application of sewage sludge, pesticides, mineral and organic fertilisers, and by organic manures. Heavy metals (HMs) and risk elements can be determined in the soil by a wide range of analytical methods that differ in terms of time and financial costs, and the demands on service. One of the methods is the use of a portable XRF spectrometer under lab conditions, offering relatively fast determination of the concentration of chemical elements in the soil. In the presented study we evaluated the accuracy and the precision of the XRF device for analysis of the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, As, Mn, Cu, and Ni) in alluvial soils from the Mže and Otava river basins (Czech Republic), and validated and compared obtained results with the conventional lab method (ICP-OES). The soil samples (n = 502) were taken at 43 sampling sites at depths of 0 – 30, 30 – 60, and 60 – 90 cm, mainly in floodplains with Fluvisol soil type (N-year flow rates = Q100 m3/s). The multiple correlation coefficients R values ranged from 0.81 to 0.99. The R2 determination coefficients for individual HMs, measured by XRF, were determined as follows: Pb – 0.98, Zn – 0.97, Cu – 0.80, Mn – 0.79, As – 0.78, Ni – 0.66. According to our results, 66 – 98% points fit the designed models. The Pb and Zn have the best dependency (relationship tightness), and regression models are excellent. Cu, Mn, and As have a slightly worse dependency (tightness of the relationship), but the regression model is still very well suitable for agriculture practice, or for the purposes of environmental monitoring.
45
Paprota, Dariusz. "The concentration of heavy metals in soils around the wetlands of the Ina valley near Sławęcin / Koncentracja metali ciężkich w glebach mokradeł doliny Iny koło Sławęcina." Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/oszn-2015-0025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Wetlands around the upper part of the Ina valley are the area of great natural value, free from negative industrial impact. In the possible sources of contamination, we could include herbicides and artificial fertilisers from fields and meadows or municipal waste discharge from a small town Recz and local farms. The soils of wetlands, situated in the left part of the Ina valley near Sławęcin, were studied. Four characteristic profiles were made, from which soil samples were collected for laboratory analysis. In the soil samples, the content of organic matter and reaction in 1 mol KCl·dm-3 were determined, whereas in mineral horizons, granulometric composition and the concentration of total and exchangeable forms of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Zn, Fe). As a result of conducted studies, it was found that the soils of wetlands in the Ina valley near Sławęcin, do not exhibit contamination with heavy metals but their greater accumulation was observed in the surface muck layers than in fen peat and lower lying sediments.
46
Nyika, Joan Mwihaki, Ednah Kwamboka Onyari, Megersa Olumana Dinka, and Shivani Bhardwaj Mishra. "Heavy Metal Pollution and Mobility in Soils within a Landfill Vicinity: A South African Case study." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 35, no. 4 (August 19, 2019): 1286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/350406.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Heavy metal contamination in soils results from anthropogenic and lithologic factors and is a potential hazard to land and water resources. Sources of such pollution include landfills, domestic sewage, agricultural fertilisers and industries. In this work, soils from Roundhill landfill vicinity in South Africa were sampled and analyzed to determine the concentrations of particular heavy metals, namely As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn. The main objectives of this work were to: quantify the concentration levels of heavy metals in the soil; determine the mobility of the heavy metals in the soil; and establish their origins and interrelationships. The soils were collected at various distances and depths from the landfill facility. The concentrations of heavy metals in the soil samples were analysed by ICP-MS and statistical analysis was carried out to establish their relationships and sources. From the analysis, some elements including Cr, Mn, Cu and Ni had measured concentrations beyond the threshold limits in most sampling sites irrespective of their distance and depth from the landfill vicinity. Conversely, some elements were observed to be immobile and had higher concentrations on the top soils closer to the landfill, such as As, Pb, Zn, Co and V. Iron (Fe) had high concentrations in all the sampling sites due to its natural occurrence in the parent rocks. In conclusion, the potential of soil quality deterioration due to heavy metal pollution in a landfill vicinity was observed. Furthermore, all heavy metals observed showed positive correlation to each other except for As and Co, indicating same origin.
47
Mielcarz-Skalska, Lidia, Beata Smolińska, and Katarzyna Włodarczyk. "Nanoparticles as Potential Improvement for Conventional Fertilisation in the Cultivation of Raphanus sativus var. sativus." Agriculture 11, no. 11 (October 29, 2021): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of nanoparticles in fertilisation has confirmed positive effects on plant growth and yield. Simultaneously, there is still little research into the effects of nanoparticles on the antioxidant system of plants. Due to the positive effect of nano zinc oxide on plants and the special property of nano zero-valent iron, these particles were selected for the research. The nano zero-valent iron is crucial for plants as it is present in agglomerations on the surface of roots where it increases the absorptive surface of the rhizosphere and causes elongation of the roots. The study aims to determine the influence of selected nanoparticles as a potential improvement for conventional fertilisation by magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). After the cultivation, the influence of nanoparticles on the accumulation of macronutrients in plant tissues, biometric parameters, and physiological response (chlorophyll and antioxidant system) of radish (Raphanus sativus) were assessed. The solution used in this study helped to increase the content of nitrates (V) in radish roots by 31.7–73.2% compared to conventional fertilisation. Nevertheless, nanoparticles supplementation resulted in a decrease in the concentrations of magnesium, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in plants. The high dose of used fertilisers increased the thickness and length of tubers by approximately 50.0%, compared to the control samples. The “Macro 2 + nano” variant caused an increase of plant biomass up to 70.0%. The analysis of the antioxidant system showed that the application of macronutrients with nanoparticles increased the concentration of polyphenols in plant tubers by 46.0–55.6%. Interestingly, while implemented conditions caused a 1.5-fold increase in CAT activity in leaves, at the same time the decrease in CAT activity in plant roots was observed. Based on the obtained results of the enzymatic antioxidant system and biometric parameters of plants, it can be concluded that (in laboratory conditions) nZVI and nanoZnO are efficient components of fertilisers. However, the effects on other organisms must be investigated before implementing a method for widespread use.
48
Frąckowiak, Karolina, Jarosław Potarzycki, Witold Grzebisz, and Witold Szczepaniak. "Potato nutritional status at the onset of tuberisation – a yield prediction tool." Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 2 (February 28, 2020): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/533/2019-pse.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A reliable tuber yield prognosis requires a complex statistical analysis of potato nutritional status in the fully developed 4<sup>th</sup> leaf at the onset of tuberisation. This hypothesis was validated in the series of field experiments conducted in 2006–2008 in Poland. The experimental design was composed of two nitrogen (N) rates (60, 120 kg/ha), two N fertilisers (Urea and Agrotain), two rates of sulfur (0, 50 kg/ha). The marketable tuber yield of cv. Zeus ranged from 31.3 to 59.3 t/ha in 2008 and 2006, respectively. Despite annual variability, the potato presented a good nutritional status. In 2008, the contents of N, Mg, Cu and Zn were about 33% lower as compared to 2006. The stepwise and path analyses indicated N, Mg and Cu as the key yield-limiting nutrients. The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) showed that a slight imbalance of N and Mg did not disturb tuber yield, provided a positive balance of K was maintained. The Mg index, as a result of the DRIS procedure, emerged as the best single predictor of potato yield.
49
Yang, Jiqiang, Yun Wan, Jingjing Li, Dawei Zou, Xin Leng, and Shuqing An. "Spatial distribution characteristics and source identification of heavy metals in river waters of the Huaihe River Basin, China." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 5 (2018): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17375.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rapid rates of industrialisation and urbanisation have led to heavy metal contamination of many rivers in China. Identification of the main sources of heavy metal contamination in river waters and description of their spatial distribution are essential for the control of river water pollution. In this study, water samples were collected from 218 sampling sites on rivers of the Huaihe River Basin during summer 2014. Fourteen heavy metals were detected (As, Ba, Co, Cr, Fe, Pb, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn, Se, Sn, Sr and V). The concentrations of these heavy metals showed significant regional variation and the areas could be divided into four groups based on pollution levels: a pollution-free group (Group C), a low pollution group (Group D), a moderate pollution group (Group A), and a high pollution group (Group B). Pearson correlation coefficients verified the common sources of some of the heavy metals. Further analysis revealed that the release of effluents associated with mining, smelting, welding, fertilisers, pesticides and the chemical and electronics industries are the principal sources of heavy metal contamination in the waters of rivers of the Huaihe River Basin.
50
Krzywy-Gawrońska, Ewa. "Evaluation of the Effect of Municipal Sewage Sludge Compost and Furnace Waste on the Quality of Amur Silver Grass Miscanthus Sachariflorus Biomass." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eces-2013-0022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A single-factor field experiment was carried out at the Cultivar Evaluation Station in Szczecin-Dabie in 2008-2010. The soil on which this experiment was set up is formed from light loamy sand (lls). In respect of granulometric composition, it is classified to the category of light soils, of soil quality class IV b and good rye complex. In the experiment, compost produced with municipal sewage sludge by the GWDA method was used. This compost contained clearly more nitrogen and phosphorus in relation to potassium. The content of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in composts did not exceed standards of the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development (Official Journal of Laws No. 165, item 765 of 2008) referring to organic fertilisers. In the study design, the following fertilisation treatments were applied: I - carbonate lime (CaCO3) at a dose of 1.5 Mg CaO · ha-1, II - high-calcium brown coal ash at a dose of 1.5 Mg CaO · ha-1, III - municipal sewage sludge compost at a dose of 250 kg N·ha-1, IV - municipal sewage sludge compost at a dose of 250 kg N · ha-1 + high-calcium brown coal ash at a dose of 1.5 Mg CaO · ha-1 (1st year of study), V - high-calcium brown coal ash at a dose of 1.5 Mg CaO · ha-1 (1st year of study), and 0.75 Mg CaO · ha-1 in following study years each, VI - municipal sewage sludge compost at a dose of 250 kg N · ha-1 + high-calcium brown coal ash at a dose of 1.5 Mg CaO · ha-1 (1st year of study), and 0.75 Mg CaO · ha-1 in following study years each. In addition, mineral fertilisation was applied annually in the form of multi-component fertiliser Polifoska 20, complex fertiliser Polimag S and ammonium nitrate. A test plant was perennial grass - Amur silver grass (Miscanthus sachariflorus). The obtained results show that Amur silver grass biomass contained on average the most nitrogen, ie 6.87 g·kg-1 d.m., in 2008, while the most phosphorus (0.39 g P·kg-1 d.m.), potassium (7.82 g K·kg-1 d.m.), magnesium (0.98 g Mg·kg-1 d.m.) and sulphur (1.19 g S·kg-1 d.m.) in 2010, whereas the most calcium ie 4.13 g Ca kg-1 d.m., in 2009. Significantly more nitrogen, calcium and sulphur was contained by Amur silver grass biomass from the objects where municipal sewage sludge compost had been applied without and with addition of high-calcium brown coal ash when compared to calcium carbonate or high-calcium brown coal ash being applied at a dose of 1.5 Mg CaO · ha-1. Differences in average phosphorus, potassium and magnesium contents in test plant biomass from particular fertilisation objects were not significant. The biomass of Amur silver grass contained significantly more cadmium, nickel, lead and zinc as affected by organic fertilisation without and with addition of high-calcium brown coal ash when compared with the objects where solely calcium carbonate or high-calcium brown coal ash had been introduced into soil. Differences in the average content of cadmium, nickel and zinc in test plant biomass from the objects fertilised with municipal sewage sludge compost without and with addition of high-calcium brown coal ash were not significant. The uptake of heavy metals by Amur silver grass biomass, ie its mean value of three harvest during three years of its cultivation, can be arranged in the following descending order of values: Zn > Mn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd. The degree of cadmium, copper, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc bioaccumulation in test plant biomass differed, depending on the fertilisation applied. The average degree of cadmium, nickel, lead and zinc accumulation after three study years was intense for all fertilisation objects, whereas average for copper and manganese.