Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Zn availability"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Zn availability"
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Liang, J., R. E. Karamanos, and J. W. B. Stewart. "Plant availability of Zn fractions in Saskatchewan soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 71, no. 4 (November 1, 1991): 507–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss91-049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two growth chamber experiments were conducted to assess the plant availability of Zn fractions in nine Saskatchewan soils. In one experiment, two rates of Zn (0, and 5 mg kg−1) were applied to navy beans grown on seven soils ranging in pH from 6.2 to 7.8. Most of the applied Zn was recovered in Pb-displaceable and Mn oxide associated fractions after a 7-d incubation. Growth of navy bean plants was normal in all soils and treatments. Dry matter yield did not respond to Zn application. The positive correlations between amounts of Zn in exchangeable, Pb-displaceable and acetic acid soluble fractions and plant uptake indicated the importance of these Zn fractions in influencing availability of Zn. The DTPA soil test was not a successful method for prairie soils with diverse soil properties on the basis of correlations. In the second experiment, three rates of Zn (0, 5 and 10 mg kg−1) were applied to alfalfa grown on two soils with pH of 5.5 and 7.9. The total dry matter yield of alfalfa grown on the calcareous soil was increased significantly by Zn application. No yield response to added Zn was observed in the acidic soil. In both soils, applied Zn increased the Zn concentration and total Zn uptake of alfalfa significantly over the control treatment. Changes in the distribution of applied and native Zn in different fractions before seeding and at second harvest suggest that Zn taken up by plants in the calcareous soil was from exchangeable, acid soluble and possibly residual Zn. Zinc uptake by plants grown on the acid soil was from exchangeable, Pb-displaceable, acid soluble and possibly from Mn oxide associated fractions. Key words: Zn fractions, plant availability, navy beans, alfalfa, pH
2
Coolong, Timothy W., William M. Randle, Heather D. Toler, and Carl E. Sams. "Zinc Availability in Hydroponic Culture Influences Glucosinolate Concentrations in Brassica rapa." HortScience 39, no. 1 (February 2004): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.1.84.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rapid cycling Brassica rapa L. were grown for 7 days in the presence of 11 levels of zinc (Zn) in hydroponic solution culture and evaluated for changes in Zn and glucosinolate (GS) content. Zinc levels were 0.05, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, and 200 mg·L-1 Zn. Plants grown in solutions with ≥50 mg·L-1 Zn displayed severe Zn toxicity symptoms, grew little, or died and were not subsequently evaluated for GS content. Shoot Zn concentrations increased linearly with increasing Zn treatment levels. Gluconapin, which accounted for nearly 90% of the aliphatic GSs present, was the only aliphatic GS influenced by Zn, and decreased linearly with increasing Zn levels. Accumulation of glucobrassicin and 4-methoxyglucosbrassicin, both indole GSs, responded with a linear increase and quadratically, respectively, to Zn fertility. An aromatic GS, gluconasturtiin, was also influenced by Zn levels in solution, and had a quadratic response to increasing Zn. This suggested that Zn fertility can influence changes in GS that may affect flavor (bitterness, etc.) or medicinal attributes associated with the GS and their breakdown products, as well as elevate the nutritional status of Zn in the leaves of Brassica.
3
Recena, Ramiro, Ana M. García-López, and Antonio Delgado. "Zinc Uptake by Plants as Affected by Fertilization with Zn Sulfate, Phosphorus Availability, and Soil Properties." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020390.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Zinc (Zn) deficiency constrains crop yield and quality, but soil factors influencing Zn availability to plants and reactions of applied Zn fertilizer are not fully understood. This work is aimed at studying Zn availability in soil and the use efficiency of Zn fertilizers by plants as affected by soil properties and particularly by soil available P. We performed a pot experiment involving four consecutive crops fertilized with Zn sulfate using 36 soils. The cumulative Zn uptake and dry matter yield in the four crops increased with increased initial diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid extraction of Zn (DTPA-Zn) (R2 = 0.75 and R2 = 0.61; p < 0.001). The initial DTPA-Zn increased with increased Olsen P (R2 = 0.41; p < 0.001) and with increased ratio of Fe in poorly crystalline to Fe in crystalline oxides (R2 = 0.58; p < 0.001). DTPA-Zn decreased with increased cumulative Zn uptake, but not in soils with DTPA-Zn < 0.5 mg kg−1. Overall, the available Zn is more relevant in explaining Zn uptake by plants than applied Zn sulfate. However, in Zn-deficient soils, Zn fertilizer explained most of the Zn uptake by crops. Poorly crystalline Fe oxides and P availability exerted a positive role on Zn availability to plants in soil.
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Hamon, R., J. Wundke, M. McLaughlin, and R. Naidu. "Availability of zinc and cadmium to different plant species." Soil Research 35, no. 6 (1997): 1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s97052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A pot study was conducted to investigate whether differences in the amounts of Zn and Cd taken up by a number of plant species (canola, capeweed, subterranean clover, lettuce, swiss chard, ryegrass, and wheat) growing in a single soil could be explained as the result of plants having access to different soil pools of Zn and Cd. Prior to potting, the soil was spiked with carrier-free 65Zn and 109Cd. Total shoot concentrations of both Zn and Cd varied greatly across the plant species studied. The concentration of Cd in the shoots ranged from 0·075 mg/kg in wheat cv. RAC to 2·27 mg/kg in capeweed, while the concentration of Zn in the shoots ranged from 33 mg/kg in wheat cv. RAC to 259 mg/kg in swiss chard. However, the specific activity of Zn in the shoots was found to be the same in all cases. Hence the experiments showed that all plant species were accessing the same pool of Zn in the soil, despite differences in the total amounts of Zn taken up. In contrast, the specific activity of Cd in canola was found to be nearly double the specific activity of Cd in the other plants, suggesting that canola was unable to access a pool of soil Cd that was available for uptake by the other species. The percentage of total soil Zn and Cd that was in bioavailable pools was calculated to be approximately 12 and 36 (or 20% for canola), respectively, implying that significant percentages of these metals exist in non plant available forms in this soil.
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Rutkowska, B., W. Szulc, T. Sosulski, and W. Stępień. "Soil micronutrient availability to crops affected by long-term inorganic and organic fertilizer applications." Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 5 (May 7, 2014): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/914/2013-pse.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effects of mineral and organic fertilization on the contents of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, B and Mo in soil and in the soil solution as well as on availability of these elements for crops were investigated in the long-term field trial. The highest contents of Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in soil and soil solution were observed in the treatment with the lowest pH (NPK). In this same combination the content of B and Mo was the lowest. The concentration of Zn, B and Fe in the soil solution significantly increased under farmyard manure application. Liming significantly decreased contents extractable by 1 mol/L HCl forms of Mn and Zn and significantly increase the content of Mo in the soil. Regardless of fertilization applied, microelement concentrations in the soil solution are sufficient for fulfilling nutritional needs of plants cultivated during the trial.
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Wei, Binggan, Jiangping Yu, Zhiqiang Cao, Min Meng, Linsheng Yang, and Qing Chen. "The Availability and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Greenhouse Soils Associated with Intensive Fertilizer Application." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 25, 2020): 5359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155359.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In China, greenhouse agriculture, which provides abundant vegetable products for human consumption, has been rapidly developed in recent decades. Heavy metal accumulation in greenhouse soil and products obtained have received increasing attention. Therefore, the availability and accumulation of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) and their association with soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), inorganic nitrogen (IN), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), and planting year (PY) in greenhouse soils were analyzed. The results showed that the mean concentrations of available Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 17.25 μg/kg, 2.89, 0.18, 0.36, and 5.33 mg/kg, respectively, while their suggested levels in China are 0.6, 100, 100, 120, and 250 mg/kg. Cd, Cu, and Zn might be mainly originated from fertilizer application. A lower soil pH significantly increased the available Cu, Ni, and Zn concentrations and reduced Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn accumulation. A higher AP significantly increased the proportions of available Cu, Ni, and Zn and elevated Cd, Cu, and Zn accumulation. There was a strong positive correlation between Cd, Pb, and Zn availability and TN, while IN was negatively related to the availability and accumulation of Cu and Zn. It was concluded that chemical fertilizer application increased the availability of Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn and the accumulation of Cd, Cu, and Zn. Manure application clearly elevated the accumulation and availability of Cd and Zn in greenhouse soil.
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Yli-Halla, Markku. "Plant-availability of soil and fertilizer zinc in cultivated soils of Finland." Agricultural and Food Science 2, no. 3 (May 1, 1993): 197–270. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72649.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Zn status of cultivated soils of Finland was investigated by chemical analyses and bioassays. The effect on ryegrass of different Zn fertilizers and Zn rates was studied in pot experiments and their effect on barley and timothy in field experiments. In an uncontaminated surface soil material of 72 mineral soils and 34 organogenic soils, total Zn (Zntot) was 10.3-202 mg kg-1(median 66 mg kg-1). In mineral soils, Zntot correlated positively with clay content (r = 0.81***) and in organogenic soils negatively with organic C (r = -0.53***). Zinc bound by organic matter and sesquioxides was sequentially extracted by 0.1 M K4P2O7 (Znpy) and 0.05 M oxalate at pH 2.9 (Znox), respectively. The sum Znpy + Znox, a measure of secondary Zn potentially available to plants, was 2 - 88% of Zntot and was the lowest in clay (median 5%) and highest in peat soils (median 49%). Water-soluble and exchangeable Zn consisted of0.3 - 37% (median 3%) of Zntot, the percentage being higher in acid soils, particularly in peat soils. Zinc was also extracted by 0.5 M ammonium acetate - 0,5 M acetic acid - 0.02 M Na2-EDTA at pH 4.65 (ZnAC), the method used in soil testing in Finland. The quantities of ZnAC (median 2.9 mg dm-3, range 0.6 - 29.9 mg dm-3) averaged 50% and 75% of Znpy + Znox in mineral and organogenic soils, respectively, and correlated closely with Znpy. In soil profiles, ZnAC was with few exceptions higher in the plough layer (0 - 20 cm) than in the subsoil (30 - 100 cm). In an intensive pot experiment on 107 surface soils, four crops of ryegrass took up 2 - 68% (median 26%)of Znpy + Znox. The plant-available Zn reserves were not exhausted even though in a few peat soils the Zn supply to grass decreased over time. Variation of Zn uptake was quite accurately explained by ZnAC but increasing pH had a negative impact on Zn uptake. Application of Zn (10 mg dm-3 of soil as ZnSO4 * 7 H2O) did not give rise to yield increases. In mineral soils, increase of plant Zn concentration correlated negatively with soil pH while ZnAC was of secondary importance. In those organogenic soils in which the reserves of native Zn were the most effectively utilized, plant Zn concentration also responded most strongly to applied Zn. In two 2-year field experiments, Zn application did not increase timothy or barley yields. Zinc concentration of timothy increased from 30 mg kg-1 to 33 and 36 mg kg-1 when 3 or 6 kg Zn ha-1 was applied, respectively. The efficiency of ZnSO4 * 7 H2O alone did not differ from that of a fertilizer where ZnSO4 * 7H20 was granulated with gypsum. Zinc concentration of barley grains increased by foliar sprays of Na2Zn-EDTA but only a marginal response to soil-applied Zn (4.8 or 5.4 kg ha-1 over three years) was detected in three 3-year experiments. High applications of Zn to soil (15 or 30 kg ha-1 as ZnSO4 * 7H2O) were required to increase Zn concentration of barley markedly. In order to prevent undue accumulation of fertilizer Zn in soil, it is proposed that Zn fertilizer recommendations for field crops should be based on both soil pH and ZnAC. In slightly acid and neutral soils, even if poor in Zn, response of plant Zn concentration to applied Zn remains small while there is a high response in strongly acid soils.
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Wang, Hou-cheng, Zheng-zhong Zeng, He-fei Zhang, and Zhong-ren Nan. "Changes of toxic metals during biological stabilization and their potential ecological risk assessment." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 10 (July 22, 2015): 1713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.376.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With various disadvantages of pollution control technologies for toxic metal-contaminated soil, we mixed contaminated soil with sludge for in situ composting to stabilize toxic metals, so plants are enriched to take up the toxic metals. When simulating the above, we added toxic metal solution into sewage sludge, and then composed it with steel slag to determine inhibition of the availability of toxic metals. When toxic metals were added into sludge, the potential ecological index and geoaccumulation index of Cd became high while Zn was low. Steel slag had an inhibited availability of Cd, and when the adjunction of steel slag was 7%, the availability of Cd was lowest. Steel slag promoted the availability of Zn, and when the adjunction of steel slag was 27%, the availability of Zn was highest. Results showed that during composting, with increasing steel slag, Cd stabilizing time was reached sooner but Zn stabilizing time was slower, and the availability of all metals became lower. In the end, composting inhibited the potential ecological index of Cd, but it promoted the potential ecological index of Zn. Steel slag promoted the stability of Cd and Zn as Fe/Mn oxide-bound and residual species. Therefore, composting sludge and steel slag could be used as an effective inhibitor of Zn and Cd pollution.
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Padhan, Dhaneshwar, Arup Sen, and Biplab Pal. "DTPA-Extractable Zinc in Rice Soils and Its Availability to Rice." Current World Environment 11, no. 2 (August 25, 2016): 662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.11.2.39.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a fairly wide spread agronomic constraint in many of the world rice production regions. Information on soil Zn distribution is essential for understanding its chemical reactions and bioavailability. In this backdrop, we tried to find out the relationship between physic-chemical properties and DTPA-extractable Zn (available Zn) content of rice soils. For this eighty four (84) surface soil samples (0-20cm) were collected from three villages (viz. Saharapali, Nuagarh and Adgaon) of Bargarh district under the Hirakud Command Area of Odisha. Analytical observations revealed that the soils were slightly acidic in reaction with moderately high content of soil organic carbon. Considering the critical limit of available Zn in soils to be 0.6 mg kg-1, all soils of the study area were found to be well supplied with DTPA-extractable Zn. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content maintained positive and significant correlation with available zinc content in soils. However, soil pH showed significant but negative correlation with available zinc content of soils.
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Disante, Karen B., Jordi Cortina, Alberto Vilagrosa, David Fuentes, Encarni I. Hernández, and Karin Ljung. "Alleviation of Zn toxicity by low water availability." Physiologia Plantarum 150, no. 3 (October 12, 2013): 412–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12095.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Zn availability"
1
Schell, Timothy C. "Supplementing weanling pigs with high concentrations of Zn and the Zn availability of Zn sources for weanling pigs." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09192008-063113/.
Повний текст джерела
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Swinkels, Johannes W. G. M. "Availability of zinc from an amino acid chelate in Zn depleted pigs." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-171604/.
Повний текст джерела
3
Ulansky, Sherry M. "Effect of fluctuations in pH on the availability of K, Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27677.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An exploratory study was conducted to determine the effect of fluctuations in pH on the availability of K, Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe. Two soils were selected for study which had differing buffering capacities based on their clay and organic matter contents. The pH of soil samples was manipulated with either HC1 or CaC03 and then allowed to incubate.
Mineralogical changes, as well as, chemical analysis indicated that fluctuations in pH may have a moderating effect on mineral weathering and precipitation reactions which in turn influences nutrient release, fixation, and availability. Changes in organic matter content with fluctuating pH appear to influence the behaviour of the trace metals and may be responsible for the development of pH-dependent charge CEC.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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Fioroto, Alexandre Minami. "Estudo de métodos para avaliar a biodisponibilidade de Fe, Cu e Zn em presença de mesocarpo de babaçu." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-05082013-150913/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a disponibilidade de Fe, Cu e Zn em presença de mesocarpo de babaçu, pois o mesocarpo contem compostos antinutricionais (fitato e lignina) que podem diminuir a disponibilidade de nutrientes minerais. As concentrações de Fe, Cu e Zn encontradas no mesocarpo de babaçu foram 17, 7,0 e 2,6 µg g-1, respectivamente. Para um melhor entendimento das interações dos elementos com o mesocarpo, foi realizada a extração de substâncias complexantes com soluções de NaOH (pH 7 e 12). Análises por espectrometria de absorção molecular indicaram que o principal complexante presente no extrato era o fitato. Soluções de Fe, Cu e Zn (10 a 300 mg L-1) foram adicionadas aos extratos, para que, após agitação e centrifugação, fossem determinadas as recuperações desses elementos. Os resultados mostraram que os elementos formam complexos com o fitato e a solubilidade desses complexos é dependente da razão elemento/fitato, quanto maior essa razão menor é a solubilidade. Também foi avaliada a interação dos elementos com o sólido remanescente da extração. Fe, Cu ou Zn foram adicionados ao mesocarpo lavado. Não foi possível afirmar que houve interação do mesocarpo lavado com Fe e Cu devido à precipitação decorrente da hidrólise. Porém, o Zn não sofreu hidrólise e teve baixas recuperações, indicando que houve interação com o sólido. Além disso, pode ser observado que ao adicionar maiores concentrações de Zn obtiveram-se melhores recuperações, provavelmente devido à saturação dos sítios de ligação. Para os estudos de disponibilidade, foi utilizado o procedimento de digestão simulada in vitro da US Pharmacopeia. Fe e Zn não foram extraídos durante a digestão do mesocarpo, portanto esses elementos não estariam disponíveis para absorção pelo organismo. Entretanto, cerca de 120 µg L-1 de Cu foi extraído do mesocarpo. Foram realizadas digestões do mesocarpo com adição de Fe, Cu e Zn e apenas 48% do Fe, 65% do Cu e 75% do Zn foram recuperados. Digestões contendo essa mesma concentração dos elementos foram realizadas com adições de Ca e Mg. A presença do Ca diminuiu a recuperação de Fe e Zn. Para simular uma situação próxima ao real, foram realizadas digestões gastrointestinais de leite, mistura de leite e mesocarpo e mistura de leite e lignina. Apesar do ferro presente no leite apresentar baixa disponibilidade, quando o mesmo foi misturado ao mesocarpo observou-se um aumento da concentração de Fe solúvel. Compostos presentes no leite ou no mesocarpo podem aumentar a solubilidade dos elementos. Não foi possível observar se havia alguma alteração da disponibilidade do Cu presente no leite na presença do mesocarpo, pois a concentração de Cu no leite é muito baixa. A fração de Zn solúvel na mistura de leite e mesocarpo permaneceu a mesma, porém a fração dialisável foi praticamente nula. A adição de lignina ao leite aumentou a extração dos elementos. Entretanto, esses elementos continuaram não sendo dialisadosThe aim of this study was to evaluate the availability of Fe, Cu and Zn in the presence of mesocarp of babassu because it contains antinutritional compounds (phytate and lignin) that may decrease the availability of mineral nutrients. The concentrations of Fe, Cu and Zn found in the mesocarp of babassu were 17, 7.0 and 2.6 mg g-1, respectively. For a better understanding of elements interactions with mesocarp, it was performed the extraction of complexing substances with NaOH solutions (pH 7 and 12). Analysis by molecular absorption spectrometry indicated that the main complexing present in the extract was the phytate. Solutions of Fe, Cu and Zn (10 to 300 mg L-1) were added to the extracts for determining the recoveries of these elements, after agitation and centrifugation. The results showed that the elements form complexes with phytate and the solubility of these complexes is dependent on the ratio element / phytate, the greater this ratio the lower the solubility. The elements interaction with the remaining solid from extraction was also evaluated. Fe, Cu or Zn were added to the washed mesocarp. It was not possible to affirm that there was interaction of washed mesocarp with Fe and Cu due to precipitation derived from hydrolysis. However, Zn did not suffer hydrolysis and had low recoveries, indicating that there was an interaction with the solid. Furthermore, it can be seen that adding higher concentrations of Zn, better recoveries were obtained, probably due to saturation of the binding sites. For the studies of availability, it was used an in vitro simulated digestion procedure from U.S. Pharmacopeia. Fe and Zn were not extracted during digestion of the mesocarp, therefore these elements would not be available for absorption by the organism. However, about 120 mg L-1 of Cu was extracted from the mesocarp. Mesocarp digestions were performed with addition of Fe, Cu and Zn and only 48% of Fe, 65% of Cu and 75% of Zn were recovered. Digestions containing the same concentration of the elements were performed with additions of Ca and Mg. The presence of Ca decreased the recovery of Fe and Zn. For simulating a real situation, gastrointestinal digestion of milk, milk and mesocarp mixture and milk and lignin mixture were performed. Although the iron present in milk had low availability, when it was mixed with mesocarp it was observed an increase in the concentration of soluble Fe. Compounds present in milk or in mesocarp can increase the solubility of the elements. It was not possible to observe if there was any change in the availability of Cu present in milk in the presence of mesocarp, because the Cu concentration in the milk is very low. The fraction of soluble Zn in milk and mesocarp mixture remained the same, but the dialysable fraction was practically null. Lignin addition increases the milk elements extraction. However, these elements remain not dialyzed
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Bremner, Anne-Marie. "Processes controlling the concentration and availability of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu in a wetland drainage system, Avonmouth, UK." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297972.
Повний текст джерела
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Santos, Elcio Ferreira dos. "Mecanismos de interação fósforo-zinco no sistema solo-planta: disponibilidade no solo, avaliações fisiológicas e expressão de transportadores de fosfato." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-24042018-114304/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Considerando que existem informações controversas sobre os efeitos da interação P (fósforo) Zn (zinco), tem-se a hipótese que a interação P-Zn é uma resposta ao somatório de relações nutricionais que ocorrem na planta e no solo, implicando na modificação do desenvolvimento vegetal e em respostas adaptativas do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar os mecanismos de interação P-Zn no sistema solo-planta para o algodoeiro, realizando-se uma abordagem de química do solo (fracionamento de P e extração sequencial de Zn no solo), de dinâmica de absorção destes elementos (genômica - quanto à expressão de genes relacionados à absorção de P) e de fisiologia e nutrição de plantas (quanto à determinação das atividades da fosfatase ácida e da anidrase carbônica, metabolismo oxidativo, bem como as trocas gasosas e as avaliações fotoquímicas). Para alcançar os objetivos desta proposta foram realizados quatro experimentos, três em solução nutritiva e um em solo. No experimento I foi descrita a disponibilidade de P e Zn em solo de rizosfera em resposta a doses de P e Zn em duas classes de solo cultivados com algodoeiro. Já no experimento II, descreveu-se o efeito da interação P-Zn no acúmulo de nutrientes no tecido vegetal; nas alterações no processo fotossintético - determinadas pelas trocas gasosas - e consequentes alterações no crescimento das plantas, em resposta à nutrição de P e Zn. No experimento III foi verificada a disponibilidade fisiológica de P e Zn por meio da atividade enzimática da fosfatase ácida e da anidrase carbônica, bem como descrevito o efeito da interação nas respostas de trocas gasosas, fotoquímicas e do sistema antioxidante do algodoeiro. Por fim, no experimento IV caracterizou-se a família de genes PHOl (transportador de fosfato das raízes para o xilema) em Gossypium hirsutum (L.) e foi descrito o efeito da interação P-Zn na expressão de PHOl nestas plantasConsidering that there is controversial information about the effects of P (phosphorus) Zn (zinc) interaction, it is hypothesized that the interaction P-Zn is a response to the sum of nutritional relations that occur in the level of plant and in the soil together, as a consequence of plant development and adaptive responses of cotton. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the mechanisms of P-Zn interaction in the soil-plant system for the cotton plant (Gossypium hirsutum L.), using a soil chemistry approach (P fractionation and sequential extraction of Zn in the soil), absorption dynamics of these elements (genomics - regarding the expression of genes related to P uptake) and plant physiology and nutrition (as regards the determination of acid phosphatase activities, oxidative stress, as well as gas exange and photochemical changes). To achieve the objectives of this proposal, four experiments were carried out, three in nutrient solution and one in soil. In the experiment I, we aimed to describe the availability of P and Zn in rhizosphere soil in response to P and Zn doses in two classes of soil cultivated with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). In the experiment II, the objective was to investigate the effect of the interaction P-Zn on the accumulation of nutrients in the plant tissue; on changes in the photosynthetic process - determined by gas exchange; and consequent changes in cotton growth in response to P and Zn nutrition. In the experiment III, the objective was to verify the physiological availability of P and Zn by the enzymatic activity of acid phosphatase and carbonic anhydrase, as well as to describe the effect of the interaction in the gas exchanges, photochemical and antioxidant system responses of cotton plant. Finally, in the experiment IV it was characterized the PHO1 gene (phosphate transporters in roots to xylem) in cotton and evaluated the effect of the P-Zn interaction on PHO1 expression in Gossypium hirsutum
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Milani, Narges. "Zinc oxide nanoparticles in the soil environment : dissolution, speciation, retention and bioavailability." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/82374.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have unique physical and chemical characteristics which deviate from larger particles of the same material, due to their extremely small size, higher specific surface area and surface reactivity. The peculiar properties of ZnO NPs could potentially improve zinc (Zn) fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. This is based on the assumption that ZnO NPs provide a more soluble and bioavailable source of Zn in soil compared to micron- or millimetre- sized (bulk) ZnO particles currently used for Zn fertilizers in Zn deficient soils. However, a thorough understanding of the fate and reactions in soils and interactions of nanoparticles with plants of ZnO NPs is required prior to the recommendation for use of these novel materials. Therefore, there is a need to investigate dissolution, diffusion, transformation, partitioning and availability of manufactured ZnO NPs in soil to ensure safer and more sustainable application of ZnO NPs as a new source of Zn fertilisers for plants, and better management of their potential risks. Given inclusion of Zn in macronutrient fertilizers is the common procedure for their field application, ZnO NPs and bulk ZnO were coated onto macronutrient fertilizers (monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and urea) and dissolution kinetics, diffusion and solid phase speciation of Zn from coated fertilizers were evaluated. Coating of ZnO on macronutrient fertilizers significantly affected solubility and dissolution kinetics of the ZnO sources, but nano-sized ZnO did not show any enhanced solubility over bulk ZnO. The low pH value of ZnO-coated MAP granules resulted in greater and faster dissolution of ZnO compared to ZnO-coated urea granules. However, interactions of ZnO particles with phosphate in MAP granules likely resulted in precipitation of Zn-phosphate species. The high pH and ionic strength of the dissolving solution resultant from hydrolysis of urea likely promoted aggregation of any ZnO NPs released from coated urea granules and also hindered dissolution of ZnO. To evaluate changes in Zn speciation with coating of the ZnO sources and after incorporation of the coated-fertilizers into an alkaline calcareous soil, synchrotron-based micro X-ray absorption fine structure (μ-XAFS) method was used. The findings confirmed precipitation of Zn-phosphate species at the surface of MAP fertilizer granules irrespective of the size of ZnO particles used for coating. For coated urea, the Zn remained as ZnO species for both nano-sized and bulk ZnO coatings. Solid phase speciation in the fertilized soil varied with distance from the point of fertilizer application. Significant amounts of Zn(OH)₂ and ZnCO₃ species were identified in the soil some distance from coated urea and MAP, respectively, indicating dissolution/precipitation processes were active. Moreover, limited and comparable diffusion of Zn from coated fertilizers with nanoparticulate or bulk ZnO into soil was observed using micro x-ray fluorescence mapping (μ-XRF). Transformation of Zn at the surface of MAP granules, mass flow of water towards the hygroscopic fertilizer granules or strong aggregation of ZnO nanoparticles released from urea granules could have been the mechanisms which restricted Zn diffusion. Given that coating of ZnO on macronutrient fertilizers markedly reduced Zn solubility, reactions of ZnO NPs and bulk ZnO in soil were studied when applied as the pure oxides. Availability of Zn for durum wheat (Triticum durum) plants from nanoparticulate and bulk sources of ZnO was evaluated in an acidic and an alkaline soil using an isotopic dilution procedure (L value). Significant dissolution and plant acquisition of Zn from ZnO was observed (ca. 50 – 100 % of added), even with limited pre-incubation of soils with the Zn sources. However, no significant effect of particle size was observed on plant acquisition of Zn from the ZnO. Retention and dissolution of ZnO NPs and dissolved Zn species from ZnO NPs was further investigated in five soils with diverse physical and chemical properties. Strong retention of ZnO NPs and/or dissolved Zn species from ZnO NPs was found in all soils especially in alkaline and calcareous soils. The adsorption affinity of ZnO NPs was generally greater than that of soluble Zn, which suggested ZnO NPs were retained more strongly than soluble Zn in soils. Soil pH and clay content of soil were the most important soil properties affecting retention, although the number of soils used was too small to draw firm conclusions as soil parameters co-varied. Generally, nanoparticulate forms of ZnO appear to offer little advantage over bulk-sized ZnO as a source of fertilizer Zn to crops. Rapid dissolution of ZnO NPs and partitioning of dissolved Zn species derived from ZnO NPs and/or high retention of ZnO NPs in soils suggested that soil application of manufactured ZnO NPs would not appear to offer any benefits over bulk ZnO, whether applied in pure form or along with macronutrient fertilisers. However, from an ecotoxicological point of view, ZnO NPs would not be persistent in soil systems and hence their mobility in soil would be limited. Therefore the risks associated with application of ZnO NPs in soil would be similar to that of soluble Zn.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2012
Книги з теми "Zn availability"
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Mohammad, Munir Jamil Al-Metlag. The effect of S and H₂SO₄ application on the availability of Fe, Mn, and Zn in calcareous soils. 1986.
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Kumar, Lalit, Nand Lal Meena, and Ummed Singh. "Zinc Transporter: Mechanism for Improving Zn Availability." In Biofortification of Food Crops, 129–46. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2716-8_11.
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Gambrell, R. P., and W. H. Patrick. "Cu, Zn, and Cd Availability in a Sludge-Amended Soil Under Controlled pH and Redox Potential Conditions." In Inorganic Contaminants in the Vadose Zone, 89–106. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74451-8_7.
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Luo, Yong Ming, and Peter Christie. "Effect of alkaline stabilized sewage sludge solids on chemical speciation and plant availability of Cu and Zn in the rhizosphere soil solution." In Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment, 571–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0047-9_182.
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Kumar, Arun, Rakesh Singh Sengar, and Surya Sudheer. "Sustainable Management and Production of Biofortified Crops Through Green Technology." In Handbook of Research on Green Technologies for Sustainable Management of Agricultural Resources, 50–65. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8434-7.ch004.
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Hidden hunger is a term often used to describe malnutrition caused due to non/poor availability of minerals in the diet due to deficiency of micronutrients in staple food diet. Biofortification is an important, sustainable, and cost-effective technique of delivering micronutrients to a population that is not able to access diverse diets and other micronutrient interventions. This chapter deals with the aspects of crop biofortification, which includes breeding, agronomy, and genetic modification approaches. Here, the authors summarize the biofortification research that has been conducted on disparate crops. Success stories of biofortification include lysine and tryptophan-rich quality protein maize, Vitamin A-rich rice, Fe- and Zn-rich sorghum and pearl millet, anthocyanin- and β carotene-rich sweet potato, and several other crops for different micronutrients. Besides the challenges, the biofortified crops can fulfill the malnutrition challenge and have a bright future.
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Yousuf, Sufiara, Nafiaah Naqash, and Rahul Singh. "Nutrient Cycling: An Approach for Environmental Sustainability." In Environmental Microbiology: Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Applications, 77–104. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681089584122010007.
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Nutrient cycling is an important environmental process and has been the focus of ecological research. Nutrient cycling refers to the sufficient supply of key elements provided through the ecological processes within and between various biotic or abiotic components of a cell, community, or ecosystem. Nutrient cycling also includes the recovery and reuse of industrial, agricultural, and municipal organic debris that are considered wastes. Nutrient cycles include biotic and abiotic components involved in biological, geological, and chemical processes known as biogeochemical cycles. Changes occurring in such cycles may indicate or even alter the functioning of the ecosystem. Plants take up soil nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems for healthy growth and development, wherein soil acts as a nutrient reservoir. Nutrients are lost from such sites due to soil erosion, denitrification, and food production, which cause reduced availability of nutrients. Therefore, analyzing nutrients’ assimilation, transport through biota, and their release for subsequent re-assimilation is mandatory. Nutrients to be recycled essentially for the survival of organisms include macronutrients (C, O, H, N, K, P, Ca, Mg, S, and Cl) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Mo, Cu, Zn, Bo, Ni, Co, Na, Se, and I). This chapter presents the role of nutrients and nutrient cycling for environmental sustainability
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Robbins, Eleanora I., and Michalann Harthill. "Life in a Copper Province." In Geology and Health. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162042.003.0024.
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The North American Lake Superior region contains a world-class copper province nearly 300,000 km² in area. A dozen major copper deposits and hundreds of smaller mineral accumulations are located in Michigan, Minnesota, and Ontario (Morey and Sims 1996), many of which include As, nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), Co, Mo, and Fe, as well as Cu (Nicholson et al. 1992). Historically, the province has hosted a variety of life forms; fossil biota have been traced as far back as 2.6-2.75 Ga. Palynological and microbial research (Robbins 1985, Robbins et al. 1994) prompts speculation about possible correlations between copper and the biota that evolved there. Because the region has been subjected to continental collisions, volcanism, glaciation, rifting, weathering, sea level rise and fall, waxing and waning of lakes, soil formation, and now to human settlement and development including mining, the fossil record is discontinuous. This review of the geologic formations in the Lake Superior region from the Precambrian to the present, and their copper and biotic occurrences and associations, attempts to illuminate some of those geologic/ biologic correlations, and includes mention of modern environmental concerns. Copper is one of nearly 75 chemical elements contributing to metabolic or structural functions of organisms (Dexter-Dyer et al. 1984). Bioassimilation varies and depends not only on availability from the environment, but also on the species, gender, and age of organism with specific concentrations also depending on diet, health, tissue assayed, and various synergisms with other trace elements such as Fe and Zn. Indeed, copper is an essential element and co-factor contributing to copper-associated polypeptides that provide catalytic and electron transfer functions in almost every known group of organisms alive today, from bacteria to humans. Copper proteins contribute to skin pigmentation, nerve coverings, and in mechanisms of development, maintenance, and repair of connective tissues important for well-functioning cardiovascular systems (Eisler 2000). Presently, over two dozen essential copper proteins, some with porphyrin-copper functional groups (similar to the porphyrin-iron association in hemoglobin), have been identified, each with its specific developmental or physiological function (Cowan 1998).
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Zn availability"
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Backman, Rainer, Mikko Hupa, Matti Hiltunen, and Kari Peltola. "Interaction of the Behavior of Lead and Zinc With Alkalis in Fluidized Bed Combustion or Gasification of Waste Derived Fuels." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78074.
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Combustion of waste derived fuels in fluidized bed boilers may result in fly ashes containing increased amounts of lead and zinc, besides the common alkali and alkaline earth metal compounds. Although the absolute concentrations of lead and zinc may be relatively low, around 1%, in the bulk ash, they may induce unwanted effects in combustors, partly due to their significant enrichment in the fly ash. First, lead and zinc in fly ashes may lead to unwanted heavy metal emissions. Further, they can also alter the behavior of the fly ash and cause it to become sticky and possibly corrosive. This paper discusses the mechanism of volatilization of lead and zinc and stickiness properties of their fly ash compounds under different conditions, based on data from a FBC gasifier using waste fuels with significant amounts of lead and zinc. Advanced thermochemical calculations using the data bases developed at A˚bo Akademi show that both lead and zinc can form volatile compounds and thus be strongly enriched in the fly ash. They can be volatilized as elemental gases, Pb(g) and Zn(g), or they can form gaseous chlorides, PbCl2(g) and ZnCl2(g). But they can also form non-volatile oxides. Thus their behavior is very dependent on the combustion conditions, particularly on the availability of chlorine. This way there is also a direct coupling of the volatilization behavior of lead and zinc with the chemistry of the alkali metals and calcium, all of which govern the availability of chlorine. Simplified thermochemical diagrams are shown to explain the complex interaction of the lead and zinc chemistry with the rest of the flue gas and fly ash chemistry. The thermochemical data can be used to explain the practical results from full scale boilers.
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Guillot, E., M. Epstein, C. Wieckert, G. Olalde, A. Steinfeld, S. Sante´n, U. Frommherz, S. Kra¨upl, and T. Osinga. "Solar Carbothermic Production of Zinc From Zinc Oxide: Solzinc." In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76015.
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In late 2004, the pilot Solzinc solar reactor was commissioned. The European Union and the Swiss Federal Office of Science and Education are funding this project to demonstrate the technical feasibility and the economical potential of producing Zn by reducing zinc oxide with the aid of concentrated solar energy and a small amount of carbon at a close to industrial scale. The zinc can be used as a means to store solar energy in a chemical way, e.g. suited to release electricity in Zinc-air fuel cells. This allows on demand use, boosting the availability of solar energy. Furthermore, as the Zinc-air fuel cells’ waste is ZnO, we get a cyclic process by reducing this ZnO in the Solzinc solar reactor. Numerous lab tests and numerical studies of the chemical and thermal behavior of the solar carbothermic ZnO reduction process were conducted by the Swiss Paul Scherrer Institute, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, the Israeli Weizmann Institute and the French CNRS Processes, Materials and Solar Energy laboratory. An indirectly heated beam-down reactor concept was chosen and influencing parameters, such as the type of carbon, the stoichiometry of the ZnO-C mix and the process temperature were explored. Based on these findings the technology was scaled up for the pilot plant for about 0.25 MW solar input leading to a designed zinc production rate of 50kg/h. The Swedish company ScanArc Plasma Systems AB developed a special quench system to produce zinc dust directly from the gaseous zinc exhausted from the solar reactor. The dust’s characteristics were adapted to the requirements of the Zn-air fuel cells developed by the German company ZOXY Energy System AG. The resulting zinc can be easily stored and transported for generating electricity as needed. In 2004, the pilot reactor, the quench system and extensive instrumentation were installed at the Weizmann Institute’s solar facilities to process batches of up to 500 kg of ZnO-C mixture. After cold testing of the installation and fulfilling all safety requirements, the first batches were processed. This paper explores the results of the commissioning to show the technical feasibility of this process to produce zinc and to store solar energy.
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Agarwal, Avinash Kumar, and Atul Dhar. "Experimental Investigations of Engine Durability and Lubricating Oil Properties of Jatropha Oil Blends Fuelled DI Diesel Engine." In ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2009-14116.
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Current demand of transport fuel requires exploring every possible plant resource of engine fuel which can deliver satisfactory performance, emission, combustion and engine durability. Blending smaller quantity of Jatropha oil with mineral diesel is one of the simplest alternatives which can be put into application from technical and availability perspective. High viscosity of Jatropha oil (vegetable oil) comes into acceptable range upon blending with mineral diesel upto 20% (v/v). After ensuring satisfactory performance, emission and combustion characteristics, engines were subjected to long-term endurance test of 512 hour for comparing long-term performance of J5 and J10 blends vis-a`-vis mineral diesel, in the present experimental investigation. In the long-term endurance test, the effect of use of Jatropha oil blends on wear of various engine parts and lubricating vis-a`-vis mineral diesel were evaluated. The deposits on the vital engine parts were found to be slightly higher on J10 fuelled engine while it was comparable to mineral diesel for J5 fuelled engine. The piston rating carried out on the pistons of the three engines reflected that the J5 fuelled engines demonstrated reasonable long-term performance in comparison to mineral diesel fuelled engine while performance of J10 fuelled engine was slightly inferior. J5 and J10 fuelled engine’s lubricating oil shows higher reduction in lubricating oil viscosity and flash point compared to mineral diesel, thus indicating possibly higher fuel dilution. Fe, Pb, Cr, Zn wear metal debris in the lubricating oil are lower for J5 and J10 compared to mineral diesel engine’s lubricating oil however Al content in the lubricating oil is slightly higher for J5 and J10 compared to mineral diesel engine’s lubricating oil. Physical wear measurement of vital engine parts indicate relatively higher wear of liner bore, piston rings and big end bearing for J5 and J10 fuelled engine while wear of valve mounting, piston, gudgeon pin, crank pin was found to be relatively lower than mineral diesel fuelled engine. It was found that the wear of J5 engine liners is higher compared to mineral diesel fuelled engine. However wear of J10 fuelled engine liner is found to be relatively lower compared to mineral diesel fuelled engine.