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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Zirconium – Alliages – Effets des rayonnements"
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Дисертації з теми "Zirconium – Alliages – Effets des rayonnements"
Ribis, Joël. "Approche expérimentale et modélisation micromécanique du comportement en fluage des alliages de zirconium irradiés." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0177.
Повний текст джерелаUsed as cladding tubes in the Pressurized Water Reactor, the zirconium alloys are hardened by dislocation loops induced by irradiation. The study of the creep behavior of the irradiated zirconium alloys was conducted with an experimental approach (TEM, mechanical testing, microhardness) and a numerical approach where the microstructure evolution during a heat treatment was modeled (cluster dynamic). This study allows to understand the creep behavior of the irradiated alloy which is strongly dependant of the thermal recovery and the sweeping of loops. In the end, a micromechanical modeling was used for a predictive approach of the creep behavior of the irradiated zirconium alloys in dry storage conditions
Christiaen, Benjamin. "Modélisation multi-échelle de la déformation d’alliage de zirconium sous irradiation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R008/document.
Повний текст джерелаZirconium alloys are used to manufacture fuel cladding as well as fuel assemblies of pressurized water nuclear reactors. Under irradiation, they show a dimensional change commonly called growth. Experimental observations have shown that above a threshold dose, these alloys are subject to accelerated growth called "breakaway". It has been well established that the irradiation formation of and dislocation loops is directly responsible for the growth of irradiated zirconium alloys and that the appearance of loops is correlated with this growth acceleration. However, the nucleation mechanisms of the loops that seem to be influenced by the presence of alloying elements are still poorly understood. In order to improve our understanding, a multi-scale modelling approach has been used to simulate the evolution of zirconium microstructure under irradiation. Atomic-scale calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) and empirical potentials are used to determine the properties of clusters of point defects (dislocation loops, cavities, pyramids of stacking faults). The results obtained are then used as input parameters of an object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) code which allows us to simulate the microstructure evolution of the material under irradiation. Our results show that it is necessary to consider an anisotropic migration of the vacancies to predict the growth acceleration
Graff, Stéphanie. "Comportement viscoplastique des alliages de zirconium dans le domaine de temperature 20°c-400°c : caracterisation et modelisation des phenomenes de vieillissement." Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1428.
Повний текст джерелаVarious strain ageing phenomena have been observed in the literature over the temperatures domain 20°C-600°C (interaction between dislocations and solute atoms). However the strain ageing domain has not been adequately characterized because of the multiplicity of alloying elements. The aim of this study is such a characterization and a modeling of strain ageing by constitutive laws. New zirconium alloys have been elaborated based on a zirconium alloy with 2. 2% hafnium (CPR SMIRN, collaboration between CEA, CNRS, EDF) and a low content of oxygen (80 ppm). Thus different chemical compositions were obtained to better characterize the effect of oxygen (interstitial atom) and niobium (substitutional atom). Various mechanical tests were carried out (standard tensile tests, tensile tests with strain rate jumps, relaxation tests with unloading). The following phenomena were first observed and then modeled : decrease of the strain rate sensitivity around 300°C, creep arrest at 200°C, relaxation arrest at 200°C and 300°C, plastic strain heterogeneities detected by laser scanning extensometry. The macroscopic model is taken from the strain ageing model proposed by Estrin, Kubin and McCormick. This model uses an internal variable characterizing an ageing time, which is easier to program the constitutive equations in a finite element code. Plastic strain and plastic strain rate bands can be simulated with this model. The material parameters were identified for a reference zirconium alloy in order to take macroscopic effects into account
Le, Hong Thai. "Effets de l’oxygène et de l’hydrogène sur la microstructure et le comportement mécanique d’alliages de zirconium après incursion à haute température." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02887252.
Повний текст джерелаDuring hypothetical LOss-of-Coolant-Accident (LOCA) scenarios in pressurized water reactors, zirconium-based fuel claddings can be exposed to high temperatures (up to 1200°C) and, under certain conditions, absorb locally a significant amount of hydrogen (up to 3000 wppm) and of oxygen (up to 1 wt.%). This work aims to study the isolated and combined effects, which have been little investigated hitherto, of oxygen and hydrogen in high contents, on the metallurgical evolutions and the mechanical behavior of two industrial zirconium alloys (Zircaloy-4 and M5Framatome) during and after cooling/quenching from the βZr temperature domain (> 700°C). The first part of this work consisted of producing “model” materials, from cladding tube sections and plates, homogenously charged with oxygen, up to 1 wt.%, and with hydrogen, up to 7000 wppm. The phase transformations occurring on cooling from the βZr domain in the materials charged with hydrogen and the changes in chemical composition and lattice parameters of the phases were then quantified using several techniques such as calorimetry, in situ neutron diffraction during cooling from 700°C, neutron and X-ray diffraction at room temperature, electron microprobe, μ-ERDA and EBSD. The experimental results were compared with thermodynamic predictions, taking into account all of the chemical elements in the materials. In addition to the stable phases expected at equilibrium, the presence of metastable phases such as γZrH hydrides, and βZr phase enriched in H and Nb in the case of M5Framatome, as well as of a significant amount of hydrogen remaining in solid solution within the αZr, was pointed out at room temperature at the end of cooling. The mechanical properties of the (prior-)βZr phase were characterized by performing uniaxial tensile tests at temperature between 700 and 30°C on cooling from the βZr domain, on materials charged with hydrogen and/or oxygen. The results showed that the mechanical behavior and the failure mode strongly depend on the testing temperature and on the hydrogen and oxygen contents. Empirical correlations and a phenomenological model have been proposed to describe the macroscopic ductile-brittle transition temperature, the evolutions of the mechanical characteristics and the plastic behavior of the material (in the case of ductile macroscopic failure), as a function of temperature and contents of oxygen and hydrogen. Observation of the fracture surfaces, μ-ERDA and electron microprobe analyses and a tensile test performed in situ under SEM highlighted the heterogeneity of the deformation and the failure mode at the local scale, due to the effects of the partitioning of chemical elements, especially of hydrogen and oxygen, during the phase transformations
Turbatte, Jean-Christophe. "Étude par simulation numérique du dommage d'irradiation dans les alliages fer - cuivre." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10243.
Повний текст джерелаChaieb, Ahmed. "Comportement anisotherme et rupture des gaines combustibles en alliages de zirconium : Application à la situation d'accident d'insertion de réactivité (RIA)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM005.
Повний текст джерелаFuel clads made of zirconium alloys are the first safety barrier in the nuclear power plants. This work aims to enhance the understanding of the thermomechanical behavior of Zirlcaoy-4 during RIA accidental scenario. Indeed, the current experimental databases are mainly constituted of uniaxial tensile tests carried out under isothermal conditions. The anisothermal character of the loading, coupled or not with the biaxiality of the mechanical loading, has been poorly studied. The aim of the thesis is to develop new experimental setups to highlight the effect of anisothermal loading. A first experimental test device was developed to study the effects of temperature transient on the cladding material during uniaxial tensile test. The experimental setup allows to reproduce loading conditions close to the ones occuring during a RIA accident. It allows clad testing up to 600 °C.s-1 heating rates coupled to rapid mechanical loading reaching 5 s-1 in terms of strain rate. First experiments showed first effects of anisothermal loading and allowed us to establish as a second step a comparison between isothermal and anisothermal states. A marked effect of anisothermal loading was observed at low strain rates and high heating rates : the flow stress is much higher than that expected from the isothermal tests. A study of the recrystallization of the material under dynamic conditions has shown that a delay in triggering the recrystallization process would be the cause of the anisothermal e ects observed during the tensile tests. A second experimental device was developed to couple effects of biaxial and anisothermal loading. A sheet of Zircaloy-4 was tested along its two main directions (rolling and transverse) with an induction heating system. Several heating rates and biaxiality ratios were explored and failure strains were determined for each experimental condition. The analysis of the tests showed that the multiaxiality of the loading is the dominant parameter with regard to the ductility of the material, no significant influence of the anisothermal loading was observed during these tests. In support of the analysis of uniaxial and biaxial anisothermal tensile tests, numerical FEM calculations were undertaken using a macroscopic mechanical behavior model developed in this study. These simulations made it possible to determine the stress fields of the biaxial tests and showed that the tests carried out were in the field of interest of the RIA studies
Vincent, Edwige. "Simulations numériques à l'échelle atomique de l'évolution microstructurale sous irradiation d'alliages ferritiques." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Vincent.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTrégo, Gwenaël. "Comportement en fluage à haute température dans le domaine biphasé (α + β) de l'alliage M5®". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00688207.
Повний текст джерелаCabrera, Salcedo Andrea. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique "post-trempe", après oxydation à haute température, des gaines de combustible des réacteurs à eau pressurisée." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00705085.
Повний текст джерелаBouobda, Moladje Gabriel Franck. "Contribution à la modélisation par champs de phase des dommages par irradiation dans les alliages métalliques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R004.
Повний текст джерелаThe prediction of the microstructure evolution during irradiation ageing of structural materials of nuclear reactors is a key issue for the nuclear industry. In this work, a phase field approach is used to simulate the microstructure evolution of materials under irradiation conditions at the mesoscopic scale. We are interested at first in the calculations of the sink strength which describes the ability of microstructural defects (dislocations, cavities, etc) to absorb point defects (PDs). These calculations take into account the elastic interactions between point defects and sinks and are performed in pure metals Al, Ni and Fe. Additional precision in the calculations is provided by incorporating in the model the change of the PD migration energy due to the sink strain field, also known as elastodiffusion. PDs are elastically modelled through their elastic dipole tensors and the role of the anisotropy of these dipole tensors at saddle state is investigated. The results show that the PD dipole tensor anisotropy at saddle state is a key parameter in the accurate sink strength calculations. Subsequently, our interest is focused on the development of a PF model of dislocation climb under irradiation. The model allows to simulate dislocation loop growth or shrinkage by absorption of both PDs (vacancies and self-interstitial atoms). The analysis of the validation tests shows the limit of the model, and adjustments are carried out. This new model is applied to simulate the growth of an interstitial loop in pure Fe. The temperature, dislocation density, loop orientation and elastodifusion effects on the loop growth rate are studied. The results show, in particular, an increase of the loop growth rate with the combined effects of the increase of the temperature and the decrease of the dislocation density. The new PF model of dislocation climb under irradiation is also used to simulate the radiation induced segregation (RIS) phenomenon in Fe-Cr alloy near an interstitial dislocation loop during its growth. We show that the RIS prediction depends on the sink mobility and on the surrounding microstructure (multi-sink effects)