Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Zinc oxide phosphor thermometry"

The high-sensitivity and wide-temperature-range dual-mode optical thermometry for novel double perovskite SrLaLiTeO6:Mn4+,Dy3+ phosphor was exploited. Notably, the relative sensitivity (SR) values can be manipulated by different excitation wavelength.

Europium-doped yttrium oxide (Y2O3:Eu) thermographic phosphor films were deposited on Ni-alloy substrates using a novel and cost-effective electrostatic-assisted chemical vapor deposition (EACVD) technique. The thermoluminescence properties were studied under irradiation by an ultraviolet laser. It was found that crystallized Y2O3: Eu films could be deposited at a temperature as low as 550 °C. Annealing of the as-deposited films at higher temperatures (>1000 °C) improved the luminescence properties due to further crystallization processes. The correlation of the lifetime decay and temperature change of the films showed that the EACVD-deposited films are suitable for use in phosphor thermometry for high-temperature applications.

The samples, Lu2O3:Eu3+ (3at.% Eu) and Lu2O3:Sm3+ (1at.% Sm), were prepared via polymer complex solution method using polyethlylene-glyocol as the fuel and as nucleation agent for crystallization process. Knowing that lutetium oxide has high chemical stability and temperature resistance, in this paper we investigated possibility for its application in high-temperature phosphor thermometry. It is a non-contact technique that uses the thermal dependence of phosphor fluorescence to measure temperature remotely. The structural and morphological properties were performed through X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations. The obtained results confirmed that this synthesis yields desired crystalline structure with particle size in the range from 30 to 50 nm. Photoluminescence emission measurements were recorded in the temperature range from room up to 873 K. The accomplished results demonstrate the performance of Eu3+ and Sm3+ doped Lu2O3 as high temperature thermographic phosphors of very good sensitivity.

This research presents a new perspective on optical biosensors based on zinc oxide nanoparticles. The widely known and successfully applied nanostructured material is modified by the dopant - the green phosphor Terbium, which embedded in the structure of zinc oxide and makes a significant contribution to the fluorescent response of the material in both the UV and visible spectral regions. The effect of various dopant concentrations on the fluorescence of nanostructures was studied; the nanostructures were examined by SEM.

In this paper, addition of aluminum in zinc oxide is incorporated using low-temperature chemical synthesis route. Aluminum ions help in crystallization of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles of zinc oxide has been done using Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Energy-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectra and Time-resolved laser-induced photoluminescence (TRPL) at room temperature. Transmission electron microscopic observations and X-Ray diffraction studies indicate highly crystalline nature and particle size of the order of 20 nm in ZnO:Al . Time-resolved laser-induced photoluminescence measurements have been done using pulsed nitrogen laser as an excitation source, operated at wavelength 337.1 nm and having high peak output power of 1 MW. The results show that at higher concentrations of Al doping in host ZnO phosphor, emission intensity is more by several orders of magnitude and lifetime shortening indicates that these nanoparticles are more efficient as compared with lower concentrations of dopant.

The main objective of this work is to show the proof of concept of a new optofluidic method for high throughput fluorescence-based thermometry, which enables the measure of temperature inside optofluidic microsystems at the millisecond (ms) time scale (high throughput). We used droplet microfluidics to produce highly monodisperse microspheres from dispersed zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals and doped them with rhodamine B (RhB) or/and rhodamine 6G (Rh6G). The fluorescence intensities of these two dyes are known to depend linearly on temperature but in two opposite manner. Their mixture enables for the construction of reference probe whose fluorescence does not depend practically on temperature. The use of zinc oxide microparticles as temperature probes in microfluidic channels has two main advantages: (i) avoid the diffusion and the adsorption of the dyes inside the walls of the microfluidic channels and (ii) enhance dissipation of the heat generated by the focused incident laser beam thanks to the high thermal conductivity of this material. Our results show that the fluorescence intensity of RhB decreases linearly with increasing temperature at a rate of about −2.2%/°C, in a very good agreement with the literature. In contrast, we observed for the first time a nonlinear change of the fluorescence intensity of Rh6G in ZnO microparticles with a minimum intensity at a temperature equal to 40 °C. This behaviour is reproducible and was observed only with ZnO microparticles doped with Rh6G.

Le refroidissement par film froid des aubes des turbines aéronautiques d’avion est utilisé depuis quelques décennies pour augmenter la température d'entrée de la turbine (TIT) et ainsi augmenter la poussée, et également pour prolonger la durée de vie de l'aube de turbine. Les normes d'émission strictes des polluants encouragent l'amélioration de l'efficacité globale de la turbine et donc l’optimisation du processus de refroidissement par film. C’est une technique par convection forcée dans laquelle un jet froid est injecté à travers des trous discrets à la surface de l'aube de turbine de manière à former une couche d'air frais sur la surface de l'aube protégeant efficacement l'aube des flux à très haute température résultant de la combustion. Ce principe peut être étudié académiquement comme un jet débouchant dans un écoulement transverse. Cet écoulement est très complexe parce que de nombreuses structures cohérentes turbulentes se développent et interagissent les unes avec les autres. L'un des systèmes de tourbillons les plus importants est la paire de tourbillons contra-rotatifs (CRVP) résultant des contraintes de cisaillement qui se développent dans la couche de mélange supérieure entre le jet débouchant et le jet principal. La courbure du jet débouchant le long de la direction du flux transversal intensifie le développement du CRVP qui augmente ainsi le mélange entre les deux écoulements, ce qui réduit l'efficacité du film de refroidissement. Par conséquent, dans cette étude, une organisation spatiale de trous auxiliaires est étudiée expérimentalement et numériquement pour réduire l'intensité de l’influence du CRVP, ce qui contribue finalement à augmenter l'efficacité du refroidissement du film adiabatique. Les trous auxiliaires, placés en amont du trou principal, permettent de réduire l'intensité du CRVP issu du trou principal du fait de la diminution des contraintes de cisaillement subies par le jet issu du trou principal. Dans cette thèse, une méthode numérique basée sur des simulations RANS utilisant le modèle de turbulence k-ω SST a été utilisée pour optimiser l’organisation spatiale des trous auxiliaires et pour avoir une compréhension préliminaire de ces interactions de structures cohérentes. Une étude détaillée de la structure instationnaire de l'écoulement a également été réalisée à l'aide de la simulation aux grandes échelles L.E.S. Pour étudier expérimentalement les champs de température dans le fluide, une métrologie de mesure de température a été spécialement développée : la thermométrie utilisant le rapport d’intensités spectrales d’émission de phosphorescence du ZnO à l’aide d’une seule caméra intensifiée. Cette technique permet la mesure de la température instantanée et moyenne de manière non intrusive. Une analyse détaillée des propriétés d'émission du luminophore ZnO excitée par un laser à 266 nm est décrite. Une procédure d'étalonnage a été développée et testée dans une cavité Rayleigh-Bénard remplie d’eau. Ensuite, cette procédure a été mise en œuvre sur le nouveau banc d'essai BATH pour étudier expérimentalement le film de refroidissement dimensionné par la simulation RANS pour trois taux de soufflage. L'analyse des résultats expérimentaux et numériques aide à identifier les structures cohérentes clés, conduisant à une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes physiques mis en jeu et à appréhender l'augmentation de l'efficacité de refroidissement du film dans le système de trous auxiliaires par rapport à un trou cylindrique simple classique
Film cooling of aircraft gas turbine blades has been in use since a few decades now to improve the Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) and to extend the lifetime of the turbine blade. Additionally, stringent emission norms stipulate the improvement of overall efficiency of the gas turbine engine and hence the need to improve film cooling process. Film cooling is a technique where a cold jet is injected through discrete holes on the surface of the turbine blade, so as to form a layer of cool air over the surface of the blade, effectively protecting the blade from high temperature crossflows arising from the combustion chamber. This problem can be viewed as a Jet In Cross-Flow (JICF) phenomena where the interaction of the crossflow with a jet injected perpendicular or at an angle creates a system of vortices. One of the most important vortex systems in this arrangement is the Counter Rotating Vortex Pair arising from the shear forces at the sides of the ejecting jet with the crossflow primarily. The bending of the jet along the direction of the crossflow promotes the CRVP to ingest hot crossflow into the jet stream which reduces the effectiveness of the film cooling system. Hence, in this study, an auxiliary hole system is studied experimentally and numerically to reduce the intensity and the height of the CRVP which eventually helps in an augmented adiabatic film cooling effectiveness. The auxiliary holes placed upstream of the main film cooling hole reduces the intensity of the main hole CRVP due to the reduction in the shear forces experienced by the jet emanating from the main hole. In this thesis numerical analysis through RANS study using k-ω SST turbulence model to have a preliminary understanding of the auxiliary hole system and a detailed understanding of the flow structure using Large Eddy Simulation are performed. The highlight of this work is the development of single camera phosphor thermometry using the spectral intensity ratio method. This technique allows the measurement of the instantaneous and mean flow temperature non-intrusively. A detailed analysis of the emission properties of ZnO phosphor upon excitation by a 266nm laser is described. A calibration procedure for the intensity ratio method is defined and it is tested using a Rayleigh-Bénard natural convection process. This phosphor thermometry procedure with the validated code is implemented on the new BATH test Rig to study film cooling arrangements. Three different configurations are tested for their aero-thermal characteristics at penetration blowing ratio regime. Analysis of the experimental and numerical results help in identifying key vortex structures, leading to the better understanding of reasons for the augmentation of film cooling effectiveness in the auxiliary hole system compared to a classical simple cylindrical hole

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der elektrischen Charakterisierung von Zinkoxid-Nanodrähten, die mittels gepulster Laserablation (PLD) hergestellt wurden. Ausgehend von den so generierten ZnO-Nanodraht-Ensembles werden Methoden zu deren elektrischer Untersuchung diskutiert und auf praktische Anwendbarkeit hin verglichen. Die entwickelten Methoden werden auf Ensembles von auf n-leitenden ZnO- und ZnO:Ga-Dünnschichten aufgewachsenen Phosphor-dotierten ZnO-Nanodrähten angewendet. Deren reproduzierbares, in Strom–Spannungs- (I–U-) Kennlinien beobachtetes diodenartiges Verhalten wird genauer beleuchtet. Im Zusammenhang mit der elektrischen Charakterisierung einzelner ZnO-Nano-drähte werden experimentelle Methoden zur Vereinzelung und zur Kontaktierung der vereinzelten ZnO-Nanodrähte diskutiert. Dabei werden sowohl etablierte Methoden wie Elektronenstrahllithographie (EBL) als auch neue Techniken wie elektronen- und ionenstrahlinduzierte Deposition (EBID/IBID) und Strom–Spannungs-Rastersondenmikroskopie (I-AFM) behandelt und ihre Eignung für eingehende elektrische Untersuchungen und reproduzierbare Messungen analysiert. Die geeignetsten Methoden werden schließlich eingesetzt, um spezifischen Widerstand sowie Ladungsträgermobilität und -dichte sowohl in nominell undotierten als auch in Aluminium-dotierten ZnO-Nanodrähten zu untersuchen und zu vergleichen. In der Ableitung der physikalischen Materialparameter aus den Messdaten wird dabei besonderes Augenmerk auf die Einbeziehung der geometrischen Besonderheiten der Nanodrähte gegenüber Volumenmaterial- und Dünnschichtproben gelegt. Im Zuge dessen wird unter anderem ein Modell für den elektrischen Widerstand in Nanodrähten mit ihrer Länge nach veränderlichem Querschnitt abgeleitet.

Thermographic phosphors are useful compounds to determine temperature, due to their luminescence characteristics being a function of temperature. In this research, Zinc Oxide: Gallium was evaluated for its ability to measure the temperature of an impact event in a drop weight apparatus. Different solids loadings of the phosphor were placed in a sylgard binder and these samples were then excited by a 355 nm laser as they were impacted. Images of the event were captured through two separate filters with a high-speed camera, from which intensity ratios were formed. These intensity ratios correlated to a temperature, revealing the change in temperature of the sample throughout the impact. Initial testing at a repetition rate of 500 kHz provided insignificant data, due to difficulties with timing. The whole impact event was not able to be captured, and the imprecise timing of the drop did not allow for imaging of a specific area of the impact. Moving to a slower repetition rate of 50 kHz, the entire impact was captured on the high-speed camera, showing three separate areas of interest. The first section of this area was where the impact was first initiated, resulting in a temperature increase. Next, there was a temperature decrease, where the energy from the drop weight transitioned to deforming, rather than heating the sample. Lastly, there was a final temperature rise when the sample was fully compressed, but the impact was still occurring. This trend presented itself in all of the samples, supporting the idea that when combined with the intensity ratio method, ZnO:Ga embedded in a sylgard binder is an appropriate method to determine the temperature changes in a high-speed impact event.