Статті в журналах: "Zero latency"

1

Bell, Simon, and Steve Walker. "Futurescaping Infinite Bandwidth, Zero Latency." Futures 43, no. 5 (June 2011): 525–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2011.01.011.

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2

Oostvogels, Jonathan, Fan Yang, Sam Michiels, Wouter Joosen, and Danny Hughes. "Zero-Wire." GetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications 25, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3471440.3471450.

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Latency-sensitive applications for the Internet of Things (IoT) often require performance guarantees that contemporary wireless networks fail to offer. Application scenarios involving real-time control of industrial machinery, robotics, or delay-sensitive actuation therefore typically still rely on cables: today's wireless networks cannot deliver messages in a sufficiently small and predictable amount of time. Drop-in wireless replacements for these cabled systems would nevertheless provide great benefit by eliminating the high cost and complexity associated with running cables in harsh industrial environments [1]. The symbolsynchronous bus, introduced in this article and embodied in a platform called Zero-Wire, is a novel wireless networking paradigm that addresses this gap. Using concurrent optical transmissions, it strives to bring low-latency deterministic networking to the wireless IoT.

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3

Nikitha, Nikitha Nikitha. "Future Tech 5g Virtual Zero Latency." International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) 5, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijict.v5i3.pp106-110.

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<p>With the point of conveying any data in whenever and anyplace, the people to come (5G) remote communication systems turn into a style theme in the remote examination territories and new waveform, as one of the key empowering advances in 5G physical layer, pulls in developing exploration considerations lately. Be that as it may, the current method for waveform examination or investigation depends on the change of range productivity or use, while the majority of them neglects to research the vitality proficiency conduct, which is appeared to be the key execution metric of 5G frameworks. In this paper, the most part is concentrated on looking over the waveforms from the vitality proficiency perspective. Two classifications of waveforms, specifically channel based waveform and spreading-based waveform, are broke down and the related execution issues are talked about. Besides, we actualize the above waveforms utilizing programming characterized radio based model stage and produce the estimation results for the vitality productivity correlation.</p>

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4

Jack, Robert H., Adib Mehrabi, Tony Stockman, and Andrew McPherson. "Action-sound Latency and the Perceived Quality of Digital Musical Instruments." Music Perception 36, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2018.36.1.109.

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Asynchrony between tactile and auditory feedback (action-sound latency) when playing a musical instrument is widely recognized as disruptive to musical performance. In this paper we present a study that assesses the effects of delayed auditory feedback on the timing accuracy and judgments of instrument quality for two groups of participants: professional percussionists and non-percussionist amateur musicians. The amounts of delay tested in this study are relatively small in comparison to similar studies of auditory delays in a musical context (0 ms, 10 ms, 10 ms ± 3 ms, 20 ms). We found that both groups rated the zero latency condition as higher quality for a series of quality measures in comparison to 10 ms ± 3 ms and 20 ms latency, but did not show a significant difference in rating between 10 ms latency and zero latency. Professional percussionists were more aware of the latency conditions and showed less variation of timing under the latency conditions, although this ability decreased as the temporal demands of the task increased. We compare our findings from each group and discuss them in relation to latency in interactive digital systems more generally and experimentally similar work on sensorimotor control and rhythmic performance.

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5

Wu, Bo-Sheng, Chen-Chiung Hsieh, and Yu-Wei Chen. "Zero-latency scheduling scheme for broadcasting popular movies." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 56, no. 4 (November 2010): 2317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tce.2010.5681106.

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6

Saad-Roy, Chadi M., Ned S. Wingreen, Simon A. Levin, and Bryan T. Grenfell. "Dynamics in a simple evolutionary-epidemiological model for the evolution of an initial asymptomatic infection stage." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 21 (May 8, 2020): 11541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920761117.

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Pathogens exhibit a rich variety of life history strategies, shaped by natural selection. An important pathogen life history characteristic is the propensity to induce an asymptomatic yet productive (transmissive) stage at the beginning of an infection. This characteristic is subject to complex trade-offs, ranging from immunological considerations to population-level social processes. We aim to classify the evolutionary dynamics of such asymptomatic behavior of pathogens (hereafter “latency”) in order to unify epidemiology and evolution for this life history strategy. We focus on a simple epidemiological model with two infectious stages, where hosts in the first stage can be partially or fully asymptomatic. Immunologically, there is a trade-off between transmission and progression in this first stage. For arbitrary trade-offs, we derive different conditions that guarantee either at least one evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) at zero, some, or maximal latency of the first stage or, perhaps surprisingly, at least one unstable evolutionarily singular strategy. In this latter case, there is bistability between zero and nonzero (possibly maximal) latency. We then prove the uniqueness of interior evolutionarily singular strategies for power-law and exponential trade-offs: Thus, bistability is always between zero and maximal latency. Overall, previous multistage infection models can be summarized with a single model that includes evolutionary processes acting on latency. Since small changes in parameter values can lead to abrupt transitions in evolutionary dynamics, appropriate disease control strategies could have a substantial impact on the evolution of first-stage latency.

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7

Kavanagh, Kevin T., and Renaee Franks. "Analog and Digital Filtering of the Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Response." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 98, no. 7 (July 1989): 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948909800704.

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This study compared the filtering effects on the auditory evoked potential of zero and standard phase shift digital filters (the former was a mathematical approximation of a standard Butterworth filter). Conventional filters were found to decrease the height of the evoked response in the majority of waveforms compared to zero phase shift filters. a 36-dB/octave zero phase shift high pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 100 Hz produced a 16% reduction in wave amplitude compared to the unfiltered control. a 36-dB/octave, 100-Hz standard phase shift high pass filter produced a 41% reduction, and a 12-dB/octave, 150-Hz standard phase shift high pass filter produced a 38% reduction in wave amplitude compared to the unfiltered control. a decrease in the mean along with an increase in the variability of wave IV/V latency was also noted with conventional compared to zero phase shift filters. The increase in the variability of the latency measurement was due to the difficulty in waveform identification caused by the phase shift distortion of the conventional filter along with the variable decrease in wave latency caused by phase shifting responses with different spectral content. Our results indicated that a zero phase shift high pass filter of 100 Hz was the most desirable filter studied for the mitigation of spontaneous brain activity and random muscle artifact.

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8

Wu, Ben, Yang Qi, Chenxi Qiu, and Ying Tang. "Wideband Anti-Jamming Based on Free Space Optical Communication and Photonic Signal Processing." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041136.

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We propose and demonstrate an anti-jamming system to defend against wideband jamming attack. Free space optical communication is deployed to provide a reference for jamming cancellation. The mixed signal is processed and separated with photonic signal processing method to achieve large bandwidth. As an analog signal processing method, the cancellation system introduces zero latency. The radio frequency signals are modulated on optical carriers to achieve wideband and unanimous frequency response. With wideband and zero latency, the system meets the key requirements of high speed and real-time communications in transportation systems.

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9

Kim, Sunghwan, Gyusun Lee, Jiwon Woo, and Jinkyu Jeong. "Zero-Copying I/O Stack for Low-Latency SSDs." IEEE Computer Architecture Letters 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lca.2021.3064876.

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10

Cai, Songfu, and Vincent K. N. Lau. "Zero MAC Latency Sensor Networking for Cyber-Physical Systems." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 66, no. 14 (July 15, 2018): 3814–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2018.2831623.

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11

Chakraborty, Mrityunjoy, and Suraiya Pervin. "Pipelining the adaptive decision feedback equalizer with zero latency." Signal Processing 83, no. 12 (December 2003): 2675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2003.07.003.

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12

Greer, Trey, Josef Spjut, David Luebke, and Turner Whitted. "8-3: Hybrid Modulation for Near Zero Display Latency." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 47, no. 1 (May 2016): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.10614.

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13

Madarbux, Muhammad Ridwan, Anouk Van Laer, Philip M. Watts, and Timothy M. Jones. "Towards zero latency photonic switching in shared memory networks." Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 26, no. 15 (August 14, 2014): 2551–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpe.3334.

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14

Ranjan, Rajesh, Jayashree S. Bhat, and Mohan Kumar Kalaiah. "Effect of auditory memory load on speech-evoked P300 in healthy adolescents." Hearing Balance and Communication 22, no. 1 (January 2024): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/hbc.hbc_3_24.

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Abstract Background: The P300 is a late cortical neurophysiological response that can be elicited with auditory and visual stimulation, by presenting the stimuli in an odd-ball paradigm. When deviant stimuli are elicited using auditory stimuli, the P300 is recorded as a large positive peak approximately 300 ms after the stimulus onset in the waveform. Adolescent brain development is heavily influenced by hormonal and physical transitions. Most of the investigations have been done in children and adults, with a limited focus on adolescents. Hence, there is a need to understand the characteristics of P300 in this group. Objective: The current research was planned to measure the effect of auditory memory load on speech-evoked P300 in healthy adolescents. Methods: A total of 14 late adolescents aged between 18.1 and 24 years participated in the study. The P300 was used to record speech stimuli in N-back (zero-back, one-back, and two-back) tasks using 64 channels. Results: There was a significant difference in the latency and amplitude of P300 across the N-back tasks. The mean amplitude of P300 was the highest in a zero-back task and the lowest in a one-back task, and the mean latency of P300 was the lowest in a zero-back task and the highest in a one-back task. Conclusion: Prolonged latency and smaller amplitude of the P300 as the N-back difficulty level increased from zero-back to one-back and then two-back tasks in healthy adolescents.

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15

Kaklamani, Dimitra I., Athanasios D. Panagopoulos, and Panagiotis K. Gkonis. "Antennas and Propagation Aspects for Emerging Wireless Communication Technologies." Electronics 10, no. 8 (April 18, 2021): 964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080964.

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The increasing demand for high data rate applications and the delivery of zero-latency multimedia content drives technological evolutions towards the design and implementation of next-generation broadband wireless networks [...]

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16

Sengupta, Binanda, and Anantharaman Lakshminarayanan. "DistriTrust: Distributed and low-latency access validation in zero-trust architecture." Journal of Information Security and Applications 63 (December 2021): 103023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2021.103023.

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17

Green, Joseph B., Arden V. Nelson, and Dellita Michael. "Digital zero-phase-shift filtering of short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 63, no. 4 (April 1986): 384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(86)90024-6.

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18

Kiangala, Kahiomba Sonia, and Zenghui Wang. "An Effective Communication Prototype for Time-Critical IIoT Manufacturing Factories Using Zero-Loss Redundancy Protocols, Time-Sensitive Networking, and Edge-Computing in an Industry 4.0 Environment." Processes 9, no. 11 (November 21, 2021): 2084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9112084.

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The Industrial Internet of things (IIoT), the implementation of IoT in the industrial sector, requires a deterministic, real-time, and low-latency communication response for its time-critical applications. A delayed response in such applications could be life-threatening or result in significant losses for manufacturing plants. Although several measures in the likes of predictive maintenance are being put in place to prevent errors and guarantee high network availability, unforeseen failures of physical components are almost inevitable. Our research contribution is to design an efficient communication prototype, entirely based on internet protocol (IP) that combines state-of-the-art communication computing technologies principles to deliver a more stable industrial communication network. We use time-sensitive networking (TSN) and edge computing to increase the determinism of IIoT networks, and we reduce latency with zero-loss redundancy protocols that ensure the sustainability of IIoT networks with smooth recovery in case of unplanned outages. Combining these technologies altogether brings more effectiveness to communication networks than implementing standalone systems. Our study results develop two experimental IP-based industrial network communication prototypes in an intra-domain transmission scenario: the first one is based on the parallel zero-loss redundancy protocol (PRP) and the second one using the high-availability seamless zero-loss redundancy protocol (HSR). We also highlight the benefits of utilizing our communication prototypes to build robust industrial IP communication networks with high network availability and low latency as opposed to conventional communication networks running on seldom redundancy protocols such as Media Redundancy Protocol (MRP) or Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) with single-point of failure and delayed recovery time. While our two network communication prototypes—HSR and PRP—offer zero-loss recovery time in case of a single network failure, our PRP communication prototype goes a step further by providing an effective redundancy scheme against multiple link failures.

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19

Guo, Xiaotao, Ying Zhang, Yu Jiang, Shenggang Wu, and Hengnian Li. "A Novel Decomposed Optical Architecture for Satellite Terrestrial Network Edge Computing." Mathematics 10, no. 14 (July 19, 2022): 2515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10142515.

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Aiming at providing a high-performance terrestrial network for edge computing in satellite networks, we experimentally demonstrate a high bandwidth and low latency decomposed optical computing architecture based on distributed Nanoseconds Optical Switches (NOS). Experimental validation of the decomposed computing network prototype employs a four-port NOS to interconnect four processor/memory cubes. The SOA-based optical gates provide an ON/OFF ratio greater than 60 dB, enabling none-error transmission at a Bit Error Rate (BER) of 1 × 10−9. An end-to-end access latency of 122.3 ns and zero packet loss are obtained in the experimental assessment. Scalability and physical performance considering signal impairments when increasing the NOS port count are also investigated. An output OSNR of up to 30.5 dB and an none-error transmission with 1.5 dB penalty is obtained when scaling the NOS port count to 64. Moreover, exploiting the experimentally measured parameters, the network performance of NOS-based decomposed computing architecture is numerically assessed under larger network scales. The results indicate that, under a 4096-cube network scale, the NOS-based decomposed computing architecture achieves 148.5 ns end-to-end latency inside the same rack and zero packet loss at a link bandwidth of 40 Gb/s.

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20

Zhang, Xuebin, Jiangpeng Li, Hao Wang, Danni Xiong, Jerry Qu, Hyunsuk Shin, Jung Pill Kim, and Tong Zhang. "Realizing Transparent OS/Apps Compression in Mobile Devices at Zero Latency Overhead." IEEE Transactions on Computers 66, no. 7 (July 1, 2017): 1188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tc.2017.2664838.

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21

Madni, Azad M., Carla C. Madni, and John Salasin. "5.4.1 ProACT™: Process-aware Zero Latency System for Distributed, Collaborative Enterprises." INCOSE International Symposium 12, no. 1 (August 2002): 783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.2002.tb02539.x.

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22

Meier, Peter, Ching-Yu Chiu, and Meinard Müller. "A Real-Time Beat Tracking System with Zero Latency and Enhanced Controllability." Transactions of the International Society for Music Information Retrieval 7, no. 1 (2024): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/tismir.189.

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23

Morozova, O. I., and O. S. Zeniakin. "DEGREES OF LATENCY OF ECOLOGICAL DISCOURSE AGENT (A CASE STUDY OF BRITISH ONLINE NEWSPAPERS)." Opera in linguistica ukrainiana, no. 28 (September 28, 2021): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2414-0627.2021.28.235560.

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This article proposes a study of degrees of latency of the agent, which is a semantic role performed by a participant of the communicative situation described in a sentence; this role correlates with the instigator of the action. The agent can be expressed explicitly, so that everybody understands who the action is performed by, or in a hidden, latent way. Drawing on Goatly’s (2018) research which demonstrates that degrees of agent’s latency can vary, we modify his scale of latency by taking into consideration non-verbal (visual) means. A great societal concern for environmental issues around the globe nowadays, together with the ecolinguistic vector of this research account for its timeliness. The purpose of this research is to identify the degrees of latency of the agent of environmental discourse. Syntactic constructions, lexical units, and visual images that render the agent were chosen as the object-matter of analysis, while the degrees of latency – as its subject-matter. The methods comprise general scientific methods, such as induction and deduction, synthesis and analysis, observation and contrast, as well as linguistic methods proper: critical discourse analysis, semantic analysis, and multimodal analysis. The sample is selected from online versions of most widely read British newspapers, both broadsheets and tabloids, The Guardian and Metro respectively. A modified scale of degrees of agent’s latency is suggested, where six categories of linguistic means are differentiated according to the degree of their latency. Explicit predication is characterized by a zero degree of latency; its measure increases in grammatical constructions, tropes, nominalizations, ellipsis, and indefinite agent respectively. The prospects of this research lie in comparison and quantitative counts of the agent’s latency in different types of British media.

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24

Chen, Shiyan, and Dagang Li. "Efficient zero-copy mechanism for intelligent video surveillance networks." MATEC Web of Conferences 189 (2018): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818903021.

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Most of today’s intelligent video surveillance systems are based on Linux core and rely on the kernel’s socket mechanism for data transportation. In this paper, we propose APRO, a novel framework with optimized zero-copy capability customized for video surveillance networks. Without the help of special hardware support such as RNIC or NetFPGA, the software-based APRO can effectively reduce the CPU overhead and decrease the transmission latency, both of which are much appreciated for resource-limited video surveillance networks. Furthermore, unlike other software-based zero-copy mechanisms, in APRO zero-copied data from network packets are already reassembled and page aligned for user-spac applications to utilize, which makes it a ‘true’ zero-copy solution for localhost applications. The proposed mechanism is compared with standard TCP and netmap, a typical zero-copy framework. Simulation results show that APRO outperforms both TCP and localhost optimized netmap implementation with the smallest transmission delay and lowest CPU consumption.

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25

Saad-Roy, Chadi M., Bryan T. Grenfell, Simon A. Levin, P. van den Driessche, and Ned S. Wingreen. "Evolution of an asymptomatic first stage of infection in a heterogeneous population." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 18, no. 179 (June 2021): 20210175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2021.0175.

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Pathogens evolve different life-history strategies, which depend in part on differences in their host populations. A central feature of hosts is their population structure (e.g. spatial). Additionally, hosts themselves can exhibit different degrees of symptoms when newly infected; this latency is a key life-history property of pathogens. With an evolutionary-epidemiological model, we examine the role of population structure on the evolutionary dynamics of latency. We focus on specific power-law-like formulations for transmission and progression from the first infectious stage as a function of latency, assuming that the across-group to within-group transmission ratio increases if hosts are less symptomatic. We find that simple population heterogeneity can lead to local evolutionarily stable strategies (ESSs) at zero and infinite latency in situations where a unique ESS exists in the corresponding homogeneous case. Furthermore, there can exist more than one interior evolutionarily singular strategy. We find that this diversity of outcomes is due to the (possibly slight) advantage of across-group transmission for pathogens that produce fewer symptoms in a first infectious stage. Thus, our work reveals that allowing individuals without symptoms to travel can have important unintended evolutionary effects and is thus fundamentally problematic in view of the evolutionary dynamics of latency.

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26

Zhou, Xinbing, Peng Hao, and Dake Liu. "PCCNoC: Packet Connected Circuit as Network on Chip for High Throughput and Low Latency SoCs." Micromachines 14, no. 3 (February 21, 2023): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14030501.

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Hundreds of processor cores or modules are integrated into a single chip. The traditional bus or crossbar is challenged by bandwidth, scalability, and silicon area, and cannot meet the requirements of high end applications. Network-on-chip (NoC) has become a very promising interconnection structure because of its good scalability, predictable interconnect length and delay, high bandwidth, and reusability. However, the most available packet routing NoC may not be the perfect solution for high-end heterogeneous multi-core real-time systems-on-chip (SoC) because of the excessive latency and cache cost overhead. Moreover, circuit switching is limited by the scale, connectivity flexibility, and excessive overhead of fully connected systems. To solve the above problems and to meet the need for low latency, high throughput, and flexibility, this paper proposes PCCNoC (Packet Connected Circuit NoC), a low-latency and low-overhead NoC based on both packet switching (setting-up circuit) and circuit switching (data transmission on circuit), which offers flexible routing and zero overhead of data transmission latency, making it suitable for high-end heterogeneous multi-core real-time SoC at various system scales. Compared with typically available packet switched NoC, our PCCoC sees 242% improved performance and 97% latency reduction while keeping the silicon cost relatively low.

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Yang, Hongbiao, Rapinder Sawhney, Shuguang Ji, and Eric R. Wade. "Development of Walking in Place System based on Zero Crossing Algorithm." International Journal of Virtual Reality 15, no. 2 (January 1, 2016): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2016.15.2.2872.

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Walking in Place (WIP) is a way to facilitate locomotion tasks in the virtual environment while keeping the subject relatively static in the physical environment. This technique enables subjects to walk in a virtual space with limited physical space requirements. This paper introduces a burden-free and error-tolerant system to track the subjects' walking and turning motions, and to translate these motions to the virtual environment using the Microsoft Kinect. In addition, we introduce a zero crossing based algorithm that analyzes joint position data, detects the knee coordinates exchange pattern, and produces locomotion with low latency and jerkiness.

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Khan, Urooj Yousuf, Tariq Rahim Soomro, and Zheng Kougen. "FedFog - A federated learning based resource management framework in fog computing for zero touch networks." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 42, no. 3 (July 21, 2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2303.08.

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Fog computing offers an optimal answer to the expansion challenge of today’s networks. It boasts scaling and reduced latency. Since the concept is still nascent, many research questions remain unanswered. One of these is the challenge of Resource Management. There is a pressing need for a reliable and scalable architecture that meets the Resource Management challenge without compromising the Quality of Service. Among the proposed solutions, Artificial Intelligence based path selection techniques and automated link detection methods can provide lasting and reliable answer. An optimal approach for introducing intelligence in the networks is the infusion of Machine learning methods. Such futuristic, intelligent networks form the backbone of the next generation of Internet. These self-learning and self-healing networks are termed as the Zero-Touch networks. This paper proposes FedFog, a Federated Learning based optimal, automated Resource Management framework in Fog Computing for Zero-touch Networks. The paper describes a series of experiments focusing on Quality of Service parameters such as Network latency, Resources processed, Energy consumption and Network usage. The simulation results from these experiments depict superiority of the proposed architecture over traditional, existing architecture.

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Umeda, Kenichi, Chihiro Okamoto, Masahiro Shimizu, Shinji Watanabe, Toshio Ando, and Noriyuki Kodera. "Architecture of zero-latency ultrafast amplitude detector for high-speed atomic force microscopy." Applied Physics Letters 119, no. 18 (November 1, 2021): 181602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0067224.

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30

Shin, Kyubo, Seokwoo Choi, and Hyoil Kim. "Flit Scheduling for Cut-Through Switching: Towards Near-Zero End-to-End Latency." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 66369–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2916651.

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31

Lencse, Gábor, Ákos Kovács, and Keiichi Shima. "Gaming with the Throughput and the Latency Benchmarking Measurement Procedures of RFC 2544." International Journal of Advances in Telecommunications, Electrotechnics, Signals and Systems 9, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11601/ijates.v9i2.288.

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In this paper, we investigate three potential issues of the benchmarking measurement procedures defined in RFC 2544 and also used in RFC 5180 and RFC 8219. One of them is the lack of proper timeout usage. We use a Linux box, which can selectively delay a specified ratio of the packets. Using carefully selected parameters based on our preliminary measurements, we demonstrate that the experienced speed of the HTTP download is much less, than what could have been expected on the basis of the throughput results of the RFC 2544 tests. The other critical issue is the strict, absolutely zero loss criterion. We use a Linux box, which drops a specified small ratio of the packets. Whereas the RFC 2544 throughput results tend to be zero, the experienced speed of the HTTP download is quite good. The third problem is the lack of requirement for statistically relevant number of tests in the RFC 2544 benchmarking procedures. We demonstrate its severity with the latency benchmarking procedure defined in RFC 2544 and kept unchanged in RFC 5180 but redefined in RFC 8219.

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32

Oostvogels, Jonathan, Fan Yang, Sam Michiels, and Danny Hughes. "Symbol-Synchronous Buses: Deterministic, Low-Latency Wireless Mesh Networking with LEDs." Communications of the ACM 66, no. 4 (March 23, 2023): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3583762.

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Latency-sensitive applications for the Internet of Things often require performance guarantees that contemporary wireless networks fail to offer. The cause of this shortcoming lies in the inherent complexity and inefficiency of networking abstractions such as routing, medium access control, and store-and-forward packet switching, which coordinate multiple nodes across a wireless network. This research highlight describes a novel networking paradigm that aims to enable a new class of latency-sensitive applications by systematically breaking these abstractions. The paradigm, referred to as a symbol-synchronous bus, has nodes that concurrently transmit optical signals and thus delivers a wireless mesh network with a performance envelope resembling that of a wired bus in terms of deterministic latency and throughput. A physical prototype, called ZERO-WIRE, confirms that symbol-synchronous buses unlock a novel end-to-end performance envelope for wireless mesh networks: our 25-node test bed achieves 19kbps of contention-agnostic goodput, latency under 1 ms for two-byte frames across four hops, jitter on the order of 10μs of (is, and a base reliability of 99%. These early results suggest a bright future for the under-explored area of optical wireless mesh networks in delivering ubiquitous connectivity through a low-complexity physical layer.

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33

Zhao, Weiying, A. Daniel Martin, and Paul W. Davenport. "Respiratory-related evoked potentials elicited by inspiratory occlusions in double-lung transplant recipients." Journal of Applied Physiology 93, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): 894–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01218.2001.

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This study investigated the role of lung vagal afferents in the respiratory-related evoked potential (RREP) response to inspiratory occlusions by using double-lung transplant recipients as a lung denervation model. Evoked potential recordings in response to inspiratory occlusions were obtained from 10 double-lung transplant (DLT) recipients with normal lung function and 12 healthy control (Nor) subjects under the attend, ignore, and unoccluded conditions. Results demonstrated that early-latency RREP components (P1, P1a, Nf, and N1) were not significantly different between the DLT and the Nor groups. The late-latency RREP component (P3) was identifiable in all DLT subjects during the attend trial. However, P3 latency was significantly longer in the DLT group compared with the Nor group. The zero-to-peak amplitude of P3 was also significantly smaller in the DLT group than that in the Nor group during the attend trial. These results suggest that lung vagal afferents were not essential to elicit RREP responses, but may contribute to the cognitive processing of respiratory stimuli.

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34

Zhang, Qizhen, Philip A. Bernstein, Badrish Chandramouli, Jiasheng Hu, and Yiming Zheng. "DDS: DPU-Optimized Disaggregated Storage." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 17, no. 11 (July 2024): 3304–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3681954.3682002.

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This paper presents DDS, a novel disaggregated storage architecture enabled by emerging networking hardware, namely DPUs (Data Processing Units). DPUs can optimize the latency and CPU consumption of disaggregated storage servers. However, utilizing DPUs for DBMSs requires careful design of the network and storage paths and the interface exposed to the DBMS. To fully benefit from DPUs, DDS heavily uses DMA, zero-copy, and userspace I/O to minimize overhead when improving throughput. It also introduces an offload engine that eliminates host CPUs by executing client requests directly on the DPU. Adopting DDS' API requires minimal DBMS modification. Our experimental study and production system integration show promising results---DDS achieves higher disaggregated storage throughput with an order of magnitude lower latency, and saves up to tens of CPU cores per storage server.

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35

Nguyen, Tho Manh, Peter Brezany, A. Min Tjoa, and Edgar Weippl. "Toward a Grid-Based Zero-Latency Data Warehousing Implementation for Continuous Data Streams Processing." International Journal of Data Warehousing and Mining 1, no. 4 (October 2005): 22–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdwm.2005100102.

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36

Arrivabene, Adriano, and Renato Jose Sassi. "Aplicação da zero latency enterprise em um data mart comercial para suporte à tomada de decisão em tempo real." Exacta 10, no. 2 (November 13, 2012): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/exacta.v10n2.3125.

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A Tecnologia da Informação tornou-se aliada do mundo corporativo, dispo¬nibilizando infraestrutura de comunicação, gerando grande volume de infor¬mações. Para armazená-las foram implantados bancos de dados, em destaque o Data Mart, criado para armazenar informações selecionadas. No entanto, os cenários extraídos do Data Mart não eram atuais, havia uma latência de tempo, o tempo entre a ocorrência de um evento e a execução de uma ação ou resposta era considerável. Minimizar a latência de tempo (Latência Zero) passou a ser um desafio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as vantagens da aplicação da Latência Zero no suporte à tomada de decisão em um Data Mart Comercial de uma empresa do ramo da construção civil. Foi proposto um Data Mart na Latência Zero para a extração de cenários de suporte à tomada de decisão. As análises evidenciam que as necessidades foram aten¬didas com as extrações realizadas no Data Mart proposto.

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37

Pakrijauskas, Kęstutis, and Dalius Mažeika. "A Method of Transparent Graceful Failover in Low Latency Stateful Microservices." Electronics 11, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 3936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11233936.

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Microservice architecture is a preferred way to build applications. Being flexible and loosely coupled, it allows to deploy code at a high pace. State, or, in other words, data is not only a commodity but crucial to any business. The high availability and accessibility of data enables companies to remain competitive. However, maintaining low latency stateful microservices, for example, performing updates, is difficult compared to stateless microservices. Making changes to a stateful microservice requires a graceful failover, which has an impact on the availability budget. The method of graceful failover is proposed to improve availability of a low latency stateful microservice when performing maintenance. By observing database connection activity and forcefully terminating idle client connections, the method allows to redirect database requests from one node to another with negligible impact on the client. Thus, the proposed method allows to keep the precious availability budget untouched while performing maintenance operations on low latency stateful microservices. A set of experiments was performed to evaluate stateful microservice availability during failover and to validate the method. The results have shown that near-zero downtime was achieved during a graceful failover.

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38

Yang, Wei, and Jinliang Wang. "Analysis of a diffusive cholera model incorporating latency and bacterial hyperinfectivity." Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis 20, no. 11 (2021): 3921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/cpaa.2021138.

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<p style='text-indent:20px;'>In this paper, we are concerned with the threshold dynamics of a diffusive cholera model incorporating latency and bacterial hyperinfectivity. Our model takes the form of spatially nonlocal reaction-diffusion system associated with zero-flux boundary condition and time delay. By studying the associated eigenvalue problem, we establish the threshold dynamics that determines whether or not cholera will spread. We also confirm that the threshold dynamics can be determined by the basic reproduction number. By constructing Lyapunov functional, we address the global attractivity of the unique positive equilibrium whenever it exists. The theoretical results are still hold for the case when the constant parameters are replaced by strictly positive and spatial dependent functions.</p>

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39

OGATA, K., S. SHIMON, J. OWEN, and P. R. MANSKE. "Effects of Compression and Devascularisation on Ulnar Nerve Function." Journal of Hand Surgery 16, no. 1 (February 1991): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(91)90143-c.

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This study investigated the effects of compression, devascularisation and ischaemia with compression on blood flow and function of the ulnar nerve in monkeys. The hydrogen washout technique assessed blood flow; nerve conduction tests determined nerve function. 100 g of external compression produced a significant but incomplete reduction of intraneural blood flow, when conduction velocity decreased significantly and response amplitude deteriorated to zero 28 minutes after the onset of compression. Short-segment devascularisation stopped blood flow but did not influence response latency or velocity. Amplitude was diminished significantly 44 minutes after devascularisation. Tourniquet ischaemia followed by compression produced temporary variability in latency and velocity, while amplitude was diminished only during the compression phase following ischaemia. The overall results suggested that compression and ischaemia influence the nerve conduction response differently and that the effects of compression are potentiated by previous ischaemia, even if this was of short duration.

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40

Seraji, Faramarz E., Shima Safari, and Marzieh Sadat Kiaee. "Design optimization of non-zero dispersion shifted fiber for latency mitigation in optical fiber network." Physics & Astronomy International Journal 3, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/paij.2019.03.00153.

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41

Shan, Weiwei, Wentao Dai, Liang Wan, Minyi Lu, Longxing Shi, Mingoo Seok, and Jun Yang. "A Bi-Directional, Zero-Latency Adaptive Clocking Circuit in a 28-nm Wide AVFS System." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 55, no. 3 (March 2020): 826–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2019.2959494.

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42

Wang, Po-Hao, Wei-Chung Cheng, Yung-Hui Yu, Tang-Chieh Kao, Chi-Lun Tsai, Pei-Yao Chang, Tay-Jyi Lin, Jinn-Shyan Wang, and Tien-Fu Chen. "Zero-Counting and Adaptive-Latency Cache Using a Voltage-Guardband Breakthrough for Energy-Efficient Operations." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 63, no. 10 (October 2016): 969–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2016.2539038.

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43

Du, Jing, Zhengbo Zou, Yangming Shi, and Dong Zhao. "Zero latency: Real-time synchronization of BIM data in virtual reality for collaborative decision-making." Automation in Construction 85 (January 2018): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.10.009.

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44

Zhang, Mingyang, Kristof Van Beeck, and Toon Goedemé. "Enhancing Embedded Object Tracking: A Hardware Acceleration Approach for Real-Time Predictability." Journal of Imaging 10, no. 3 (March 13, 2024): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging10030070.

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While Siamese object tracking has witnessed significant advancements, its hard real-time behaviour on embedded devices remains inadequately addressed. In many application cases, an embedded implementation should not only have a minimal execution latency, but this latency should ideally also have zero variance, i.e., be predictable. This study aims to address this issue by meticulously analysing real-time predictability across different components of a deep-learning-based video object tracking system. Our detailed experiments not only indicate the superiority of Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementations in terms of hard real-time behaviour but also unveil important time predictability bottlenecks. We introduce dedicated hardware accelerators for key processes, focusing on depth-wise cross-correlation and padding operations, utilizing high-level synthesis (HLS). Implemented on a KV260 board, our enhanced tracker exhibits not only a speed up, with a factor of 6.6, in mean execution time but also significant improvements in hard real-time predictability by yielding 11 times less latency variation as compared to our baseline. A subsequent analysis of power consumption reveals our approach’s contribution to enhanced power efficiency. These advancements underscore the crucial role of hardware acceleration in realizing time-predictable object tracking on embedded systems, setting new standards for future hardware–software co-design endeavours in this domain.

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45

Nagalaxmi, T., Dr E. Sreenivasa Rao, and Dr P. Chandrasekhar. "Design and Performance Analysis of Low Latency Routing Algorithm based NoC for MPSoC." International Journal of Communication Networks and Information Security (IJCNIS) 14, no. 1s (January 8, 2023): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijcnis.v14i1s.5590.

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The Network on Chip is appropriate where System-on-Chip technology is scalable and adaptable. The Network on Chip is a new communication architecture with a number of benefits, including scalability, flexibility, and reusability, for applications built on Multiprocessor System on a Chip (MPSoC). However, the design of efficient NoC fabric with high performance is critically complex because of its architectural parameters. Identifying a suitable scheduling algorithm to resolve arbitration among ports to obtain high-speed data transfer in the router is one of the most significant phases while designing a Network on chip based Multiprocessor System on a Chip. Low latency, throughput, space utilization, energy consumption, and reliability for Network on chip fabric are all determined by the router. The performance of the NoC system is hampered by the deadlock issues that plague conventional routing algorithms. This work develops a novel routing algorithm to address the deadlock problem. In this paper, a deterministic shortest path deadlock-free routing method is developed based on the analysis of the Turn Model. In the 2D-mesh structure, the algorithm uses separate routing methods for the odd and even columns. This minimizes the number of paths for a single channel, congestion, and latency. Two test scenarios—one with and one without a load test—were used to evaluate the proposed model. For a zero-load network, three clock cycles are utilized to transfer the packets. For the load network, five clocks are utilized to transfer the packets. The latency is measured for both cases without load and with load test and the corresponding latency is 3ns and 7ns respectively.The proposed method has an 18.57Mbps throughput. The area and power utilization for the proposed method are 69% (IO utilization) and 0.128W respectively. In order to validate the proposed method, the latency is compared with existing work and 50% latency is reduced both with and without congestion load.

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46

Li, Jun, Fengbin Li, and Xiaofeng Jiang. "Flexible-Segmentation-Jumping Strategy to Reduce User-Perceived Latency for Video on Demand." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/237561.

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Traditionally, people usually watch a video from the beginning and continuously to the end; this is changed by the concept and application of Video-On-Demand (VOD). Users do not want to wait for a long time when they seek some specific content in a video; they want to instantly watch any part in a video according to their needs. To resolve this challenge, in this paper, we propose a Flexible-Segmentation-Jumping Strategy (FSJS). This scheme considers users' randomly access behaviors, especially concerns the initial delay before watch point selection. By considering these behaviors and flexibly selecting jumping point, our scheme can significantly reduce user waiting time, in most cases can reduce the waiting time to zero. Our simulation implements the proposed FSJS scheme to the uniform segmentation and exponential segmentation algorithms to show how FSJS improves a user's perceived latency and reduces the extra average serving time. The simulation results show that FSJS can have a significant improvement in user-perceived latency.

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47

Persinger, Michael A., and Stanley A. Koren. "Evidence for a Causal Relationship between Mach’s Principle and the Quantitative Latency for Universal Entanglement." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 34 (May 2014): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.34.80.

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Support for Mach’s principle of the Prominence or the Immanence of the Universe which states that the behavior of any part of the Cosmos is determined by all of its parts requires quantitative convergence from the appropriate combination of universal parameters. Applications of recent calculations based upon a diffusivity with a real value (~1023 m·s-1) revealed solutions that are consistent with the concept of dragging inertial frames and geodetic (Lense-Thirring) precession. The latency for non-local entanglement around the earth is similar to frame dragging as measured by Ciufolini. The independent solution for this real value to capture Mach’s “whole universe” requires the contribution from quantum-level Zero Point Fluctuations. Consideration of this value for solar-terrestrial distances could explain the non-local “gravitational” effects upon biological reactions that appear to precede electromagnetic effects. The verification of the “entanglement latency” by independent methods could produce the validation for Mach’s principle.

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48

Persinger, Michael A., and Stanley A. Koren. "Evidence for a Causal Relationship between Mach’s Principle and the Quantitative Latency for Universal Entanglement." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 34 (May 30, 2014): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-l3q88a.

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Support for Mach’s principle of the Prominence or the Immanence of the Universe which states that the behavior of any part of the Cosmos is determined by all of its parts requires quantitative convergence from the appropriate combination of universal parameters. Applications of recent calculations based upon a diffusivity with a real value (~1023 m·s-1) revealed solutions that are consistent with the concept of dragging inertial frames and geodetic (Lense-Thirring) precession. The latency for non-local entanglement around the earth is similar to frame dragging as measured by Ciufolini. The independent solution for this real value to capture Mach’s “whole universe” requires the contribution from quantum-level Zero Point Fluctuations. Consideration of this value for solar-terrestrial distances could explain the non-local “gravitational” effects upon biological reactions that appear to precede electromagnetic effects. The verification of the “entanglement latency” by independent methods could produce the validation for Mach’s principle.

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49

Fu, Hongze, Yunting Li, and Qingyang Zhuo. "Research on the Passive and Active Low Pass Filters." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 46 (April 25, 2023): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v46i.7712.

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The goal of this paper is to demonstrate how to use Resistor-Capacitance circuit to build a low pass filter. One of the reasons for choosing to use the Butterworth filter was that it is characterized by a flat peak frequency response curve with no bandpass fluctuations and a gradual decay to zero in the stopband. It could also retain the same form regardless of orders or amplitudes. The low-pass filter is tuned to the RC circuit because its cutoff frequency is limited and the resistor's volume is smaller in this case. The authors realized that in the low-pass filter with operational amplifier and analog multiplier. To overcome the limitation and tackle the wave clipping problem, a negative feedback loop was introduced. On the output side, the authors also carry out research on latency reduction and make some progress. An operational amplifier was used to isolate the inputs from the outputs. In addition, the author reduced its latency and discussed its electrical principles.

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50

Kamal, Sk Tamanna, Fowzia Jabin, Shaikh Enayet Ullah, Umme Salma Jahan, Md Najmul Hossain, Md Abdur Rahim, Fahmid Al Farid, and Sarina Mansor. "Performance analysis of multiuser mmWave DCT-spread CP-Less OFDM communication system." Multidisciplinary Science Journal 7, no. 3 (September 13, 2024): 2025135. http://dx.doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2025135.

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In this paper, we propose a framework for multiuser mmWave DCT-Spread CP-less OFDM communication system and analyze it comprehensively. Due to excessive cyclic prefix (CP) usage in conventional multicarrier systems, spectral efficiency reduces and increases transmission latency. Our proposed system enhances spectral efficiency and reduces transmission latency. We introduce an image encryption algorithm based on DNA encoding combined with a chaotic map is introduced to enhance physical layer security (PLS). The impact of block diagonalization (BD) channel precoding for multiuser interference (MUI) reduction and designed subcarrier mapping with time-domain Tukey windowing for out-of-band (OOB) power emission reduction are investigated. In addition, the paper studies the applicability of discrete cosine transforms (DCT)-Spreading for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction. Simulation results demonstrate that Turbo and Repeat and Accumulate (RA) channel coding and minimum mean square error (MMSE) and Cholesky decomposition (CD)-based zero-forcing (ZF) signal detection schemes improve bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed system for different users.

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