Статті в журналах: "Zero-Energy District"

1

Saarloos, Benjamin A., and Jason C. Quinn. "Net-Zero Energy Districts and the Grid: An Energy-Economic Feasibility Case-Study of the National Western Center in Denver, CO, USA." Buildings 11, no. 12 (December 11, 2021): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11120638.

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Given the enormous impact of buildings on energy consumption, it is important to continue the development of net-zero energy districts. Opportunities exist for energy efficiency and renewable energy on a district level that may not be feasible in individual buildings. Due to the intermittent nature of many renewable energy sources, net-zero energy districts are dependent on the energy grid. The novelty of this work is to quantify and optimize the economic cost and grid independence of a net-zero energy district using the National Western Center (NWC) in Denver, CO, USA as a case study. The NWC is a 100+ ha campus undergoing a major redevelopment process with a planned 170,000 m2 of total building space, an emphasis on sustainability, and a net-zero energy goal. Campus plans, building energy models, and renewable energy performance models of on-site solar, biomass, and thermal renewable energy sources are analyzed in multiple energy scenarios to achieve net-zero energy with and without on-site energy storage. Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) is optimized as a function of variables defining the energy and economic relationship with the grid. Discussion herein addresses trade-offs between net-zero energy scenarios in terms of energy load, LCOE, storage, and grid dependence.

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Famiglietti, Jacopo, Marcello Aprile, Giulia Spirito, and Mario Motta. "Net-Zero Climate Emissions Districts: Potentials and Constraints for Social Housing in Milan." Energies 16, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031504.

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Net-zero climate districts are gaining wide attention at the European and international levels. Urban regeneration competitions have been launched recently to stimulate development; nevertheless, the literature does not yet provide a shared scope definition (i.e., product system). Using the process-based life cycle assessment method, the authors evaluate the climate profile of a new district in Milan (14 buildings with 36,000 m2 of gross surface area in total) aiming to become the first net-zero social housing project in Italy. The authors show in the results section how climate neutrality is achieved on the part of the real estate operator by varying the scope. The most conservative scenario (including all the emission sources considered in the analysis) indicates that the net-zero climate target is reached only by purchasing voluntary carbon credits. The authors also highlight: (i) a district composed of nearly-zero energy buildings is far from the definition of a net-zero climate emissions district; (ii) a net-zero climate emissions district may not be a positive energy district and vice-versa; and (iii) constraints linked with the lack of space in a densely populated city due to insufficient area to install renewables on site.

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Komninos, Nicos. "Net Zero Energy Districts: Connected Intelligence for Carbon-Neutral Cities." Land 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11020210.

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Net-Zero Energy Districts (NZEDs) are city districts in which the annual amount of CO2 emissions released is balanced by emissions removed from the atmosphere. NZEDs constitute a major component in a new generation of “smart-green cities”, which deploy both smart city technologies and renewable energy technologies. NZEDs promote environmental sustainability, contribute to cleaner environments and reduce global warming and the threats from climate change. This paper describes a model to assess the feasibility of the transition of city districts to self-sufficient NZEDs, based on locally produced renewable energy suitable for cities. It also aims to identify threshold conditions that allow for a city district to become a self-sufficient NZED using smart city systems, renewable energy, and nature-based solutions. The significance of transition to self-sufficient NZEDs is extremely important as it considerably decentralises and multiplies the efforts for carbon-neutral cities. The methodology we follow combines the literature review, model design, model feed with data, and many simulations to assess the outcome of the model in various climate, social, technology, and district settings. In the conclusion, we assess whether the transition to NZEDs with solar panel energy locally produced is feasible, we identify thresholds in terms of climate, population density, and solar conversion efficiency, and assess the compatibility of NZEDs with compact city planning principles.

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Xu, Xiaoyan, Ying Wang, Yingjun Ruan, Jian Wang, Kailiang Ge, Yongming Zhang, and Haikui Jin. "Integrated Energy Planning for Near-Zero Carbon Emission Demonstration District in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Meishan District in Ningbo, China." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030874.

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Reasonable regional integrated energy planning is an important prerequisite for the construction of a Near-Zero Carbon Emission Demonstration District (NCEDD). An integrated energy planning scheme that is based on a three-step planning method with the objective of achieving an NCEDD is proposed in this paper. First, the planning objectives should be determined. After that, the planning strategies should be established. Finally, the planning approaches should be proposed according to the previously determined objectives and strategies. A case study considering the integrated energy planning of the Meishan International Near-Zero Carbon Emission Demonstration District (MINCEDD) is investigated to explain the planning method. In addition, the planning results, which are indicated as indexes, are explained, analyzed, and compared to the ones of other districts. The indexes include a proportion of renewable energy to primary energy (73% by 2030 and 108% by 2050), a proportion of renewable power to total power consumption (98% by 2030 and 111% by 2050), and CO2 emission reduction rates (70% by 2030 and 100% by 2050) and are more advanced than other districts in China. This planning scheme and method can provide a reference for the integrated energy planning of NCEDDs in developed urban areas.

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5

Kılkış, Şiir. "Energy system analysis of a pilot net-zero exergy district." Energy Conversion and Management 87 (November 2014): 1077–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.05.014.

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Sougkakis, Vasileios, Konstantinos Lymperopoulos, Nikos Nikolopoulos, Nikolaos Margaritis, Paraskevi Giourka, and Komninos Angelakoglou. "An Investigation on the Feasibility of Near-Zero and Positive Energy Communities in the Greek Context." Smart Cities 3, no. 2 (May 9, 2020): 362–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities3020019.

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Near Zero Energy and Positive Energy communities are expected to play a significant part in EU’s strategy to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Within this context, the work presented in this paper aims to investigate the feasibility of: (a) a new-built positive energy neighborhood; and (b) the retrofit of an existing neighborhood to near zero energy performance in the city of Alexandroupolis, Greece. Proposed measures involve the rollout at the community scale of renewable energy technologies (PV, geothermal heat pump), energy efficiency (fabric insulation, district heating and cooling networks) and storage systems (batteries). A parametric analysis is conducted to identify the optimum combination of technologies through suitable technical and financial criteria. Results indicate that zero and near zero emissions targets are met with various combinations that impose insulation levels, according to building regulations or slightly higher, and consider renewable energy production with an autonomy of half or, more commonly, one day. In addition, the advantages of performing nearly zero energy retrofit at the district, rather than the building level, are highlighted, in an attempt to stimulate interest in community energy schemes.

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Kalaycıoğlu, Ece, and Ayşe Zerrin Yılmaz. "Settlement scale analysis approach to reach nearly zero energy communities." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 06026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911106026.

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Looking at the recent developments, the European Union (EU) aims to become a zero carbon community. For the building sector, Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) was recast in 2010 introducing the definition of the nearly zero energy building (NZEB) levels to construct all new buildings at this level by the end of 2020. The last revision of the directive in 2018 also promotes the renovation of the building stock to the NZEB levels. In the paper, it was proposed to define the nearly zero energy levels for settlements. This way, it was aimed to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of reaching the nearly zero energy levels at larger scales than single buildings. Settlement level studies, including the district energy systems, intended to reveal the energy efficiency measures which lead to optimal cost levels for more than one building. Key parameters were examined for a new settlement design which may be beneficial for the large-scale renewable energy system implementation and district energy system (DES) usage with high energy performance buildings.

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Latosov, Eduard, Anna Volkova, Andres Siirde, Jarek Kurnitski, and Martin Thalfeldt. "Methodological Approach to Determining the Effect of Parallel Energy Consumption on District Heating System." Environmental and Climate Technologies 19, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rtuect-2017-0001.

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Abstract District heating (DH) offers the most effective way to enhance the efficiency of primary energy use, increasing the share of renewable energy in energy consumption and decreasing the amount of CO2 emissions. According to Article 9 section 1 of the Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings, the Member states of the European Union are obligated to draw up National Plans for increasing the number of nearly zero-energy buildings [1]. Article 2 section 2 of the same Directive states that the energy used in nearly zero-energy buildings should be created covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby. Thus, the heat distributed by DH systems and produced by manufacturing devices located in close vicinity of the building also have to be taken into account in determining the energy consumption of the building and the share of renewable energy used in the nearly zero-energy buildings. With regard to the spreading of nearly zero-energy and zero-energy houses, the feasibility of on-site energy (heat and/or electricity) production and consumption in DH areas energy (i.e. parallel consumption, when the consumer, connected to DH system, consumes energy for heat production from other sources besides the DH system as well) needs to be examined. In order to do that, it is necessary to implement a versatile methodological approach based on the principles discussed in this article.

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García-Fuentes, Miguel Á., Ignacio González, Alfonso Gordaliza, and Cristina de Torre. "Retrofitting of a Residential District under Near Zero Energy Buildings Criteria." Proceedings 1, no. 7 (November 8, 2017): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings1070686.

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10

Koutra, Pagnoule, Galatoulas, Bagheri, Waroux, Becue, and Ioakimidis. "The Zero-Energy Idea in Districts: Application of a Methodological Approach to a Case Study of Epinlieu (Mons)." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (September 3, 2019): 4814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174814.

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Rapidly increasing global energy demand has raised concerns about the exhaustion of energy resources and the consequent heavy environmental impact. Improving energy efficiency in cities comprises an initial measure for addressing these phenomena. Within the current context of globalization, EU initiatives and policy targets have been proposed in order to revise urban development strategies and motivate its member states (MSes) toward “zero-energy objectives”. Providing a methodological approach with a simulation district analysis, the present article summarizes how this challenge was analyzed in an existing district in Belgium. This study contributes to the scientific discussion by analyzing the applicability of a holistic approach to zero-energy objectives on a larger scale.

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11

Sameti, Mohammad, and Fariborz Haghighat. "Integration of distributed energy storage into net-zero energy district systems: Optimum design and operation." Energy 153 (June 2018): 575–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.04.064.

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12

Zöld, András, and Zsuzsa Szalay. "Nearly Zero-Energy Requirements and the Reference Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.52.

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According to the recast of the European Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings Member States shall ensure that (a) by 31 December 2020, all new buildings are nearly zero-energy buildings; and (b) after 31 December 2018, new buildings occupied and owned by public authorities are nearly zero-energy buildings. It is the responsibility of the Member States to define the measure of nearly. This paper analyses the challenges of setting the requirements. In order to ensure that the requirements are realistic, they should be checked on reference buildings. The statistical evaluation of a large building sample as reference is recommended instead of using a few typical case studies. The potential and obstacles of various renewable energy sources are analysed for favourably located buildings and for buildings in urban areas, where solar access and space may be limited. Urban buildings will be able to comply with the requirements only if energy production from renewables on a district or urban scale (off-site) is realized and acknowledged in the energy balance. A case study of apartment buildings shows the future importance of the ratio of the energy collecting surface to the floor area.

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13

Waldiya, Komal J. "Net Zero Energy Building: A Case Study of Padra Taluka of Vadodara District." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40164.

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Abstract: Global warming and climate change are raising issues during the last couple of decades. With residential and commercial buildings being the largest energy consumers, sources are being depleted at a much faster pace in the recent decades. The main aim of this project is to make the building as a net zero energy building (NZEBs). In which NZEBs design tools and applications are presented that can help designers in the commercial and residential sectors design their buildings to be NZEBs. It is much difficult to understand the overall concept of a NZEBs. As the building has significant impact on the energy use and the environment which effects on the development of the present era. The NZEBs occupants with healthy & comfortable indoor living environment and produces as much energy as it consumes on an annual base. We shall use the solar panels, solar PV system, wind energy, tidal energy, some plants to make building NZEBs & to make the building eco-friendly and energy efficient. Keywords: Eco-friendly building, Self- energy generating building, Energy conservation, Renewable energy resources, Sustainable development

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14

Hirvonen, Janne, and Risto Kosonen. "Waste Incineration Heat and Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage for Promoting Economically Optimal Net-Zero Energy Districts in Finland." Buildings 10, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10110205.

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In countries with high heating demand, waste heat from industrial processes should be carefully utilized in buildings. Finland already has an extensive district heating grid and large amounts of combined heat and power generation. However, despite the average climate, there is little use for excess heat in summer. Waste incineration plants need to be running regardless of weather, so long-term storage of heat requires consideration. However, no seasonal energy storage systems are currently in operation in connection with Finnish waste incineration plants. This study used dynamic energy simulation performed with the TRNSYS 17 software to analyze the case of utilizing excess heat from waste incineration to supplement conventional district heating of a new residential area. Seasonal energy storage was utilized through a borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) system. Parametric runs using 36 different storage configurations were performed to find out the cost and performance range of such plans. Annual energy storage efficiencies from 48% to 69% were obtained for the BTES. Waste heat could generate 37–89% of the annual heat demand. Cost estimations of waste heat storage using BTES are not available in the literature. As an important finding in this study, a levelized cost of heat of 10.5–23.5 €/MWh was obtained for various BTES configurations used for incineration waste heat storage. In the three most effective cases, the stored heat reduced annual CO2 emissions of the residential area by 42%, 64% and 86%. Thus, the solution shows great potential for reducing carbon emissions of district heating in grids connected to waste incineration plants.

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15

Kim, Min-Hwi, Deukwon Kim, Jaehyeok Heo, and Dong-Won Lee. "Techno-economic analysis of hybrid renewable energy system with solar district heating for net zero energy community." Energy 187 (November 2019): 115916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.115916.

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Huber, David, Viktoria Illyés, Veronika Turewicz, Gregor Götzl, Andreas Hammer, and Karl Ponweiser. "Novel District Heating Systems: Methods and Simulation Results." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 4450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154450.

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Fifth-generation district heating and cooling (5th DHC) systems offer promising approaches to decarbonizing space heating, cooling and domestic hot water supply. By using these systems, clustered buildings combined with industrial waste heat can achieve a net-zero energy balance on a variety of time scales. Thanks to the low exergy approach, these systems are highly efficient. As part of the Smart Anergy Quarter Baden (SANBA) project, the thermal energy grid simulation tool TEGSim has been further developed and used to design an ultra-low-temperature district heating (ULTDH) network with hydraulic and thermal components fitted to the specific regional characteristics of the investigated case. Borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) used as seasonal storage ensures long-term feasibility. The annual discrepancy of input of thermal energy provided by space cooling and output of energy demanded by space heating and domestic hot water is supplied by an external low-grade industrial waste heat source. This paper presents the functionality of the simulation and shows how to interpret the findings concerning the design of all components and their interplay, energy consumption and efficiencies.

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Teso, Lorenzo, Tiziano Dalla Mora, Piercarlo Romagnoni, and Fabio Peron. "European projects on district energy-renovations and Italian best practices." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103004.

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Buildings are the major source of greenhouse gas releases: lowering their energy consumption and emissions is particularly challenging for the existing building stock. This topic was examined at an individual building level in the International Energy Agency’s EBC Annex 56. However, the increasing request of nearly zero energy buildings highlight another important topic: the need of an increase in energy production for satisfying the required amount of renewable energy sources. This task could be solved at the district level for the existing buildings, even if it is a complex issue. This work presents a general introduction on the topic of Urban and Regional Integrated Energy Planning, with a focus on the regional and supraregional process to create and manage energy plans. After the first introductory part, the method is explained through a description of its main phases and the tools used. The subsequent section presents a general overview on the European projects that deal with the problem of district regeneration; the ones that are more related to the topic of this work are considered in a deeper way through tangible applications in Italian cities. The study of already done examples will help in the definition of benefits and drawbacks, with the aim to defining newer and better energy planning procedures.

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Deepak, P., and Z. Anees Hussain. "Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) using IoT and Smart Grid." International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 3, no. 4 (September 27, 2015): 340–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2015.348.

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Current energy policy and climate mitigation goals require distinct reductions of the primary energy demand in the building sector. The existing building stock poses challenge since clear-cut technical and economical retrofit strategies for different types of existing buildings are still not established. The goal of the study is to identify such retrofit strategies to achieve optimal cost levels and to assess costs and benefits of nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB). Firstly building types are defined by covering single-family houses, multi-family houses, office buildings and school buildings. Secondly, a large set of generic energy efficiency measures are described, covering seven strategic fields, namely building envelope measures, heating and hot water supply technologies and fuel choice, ventilation and lighting systems, electricity and district heat mixes. This covers the usage of smart home appliances, eco-friendly building ventilation system. Thirdly, energy performance is calculated based on technical and physical characteristics and using building energy balance software. Fourthly, investment costs and life cycle costs are established based on unitary costs of building elements and building technologies. Cost-effectiveness is determined based on he net present value method which is compared to the annuity method for a couple of cases. The integration of smart grid and IoT(Internet of Things) is a new concept for conserving more.

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Doubleday, Kate, Andrew Parker, Faeza Hafiz, Benjamin Irwin, Samuel Hancock, Shanti Pless, and Bri-Mathias Hodge. "Toward a subhourly net zero energy district design through integrated building and distribution system modeling." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 11, no. 3 (May 2019): 036301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5093917.

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20

Nielsen, Steffen, and Bernd Möller. "Excess heat production of future net zero energy buildings within district heating areas in Denmark." Energy 48, no. 1 (December 2012): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.04.012.

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21

Battaglia, Laura, and Jeehwan Lee. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SHIPPING CONTAINER POTENTIALS FOR NET-ZERO RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS." Journal of Green Building 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.15.1.137.

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ABSTRACT Recycled shipping containers have the potential to be successfully used as a net-zero ready home. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of a high-performance shipping container single-family housing project located in Virginia Beach, Virginia. The project was awarded the Best Undergraduate Project in the Single-family division at the 2019 U.S. Department of Energy's Solar Decathlon Design Challenge. The Hampton University Millennial Village Design Team designed a marketable net-zero ready container home for the ViBe Creative District in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Container Homes are not suitable for every homeowner, but they have a particular appeal to a generation of young and creative people across the country. For many municipalities in Virginia, where container housing is not readily accepted, the ViBe creative district has been having discussions with City code officials and local architects about the benefits. The Hampton University Millennial Village Design Team aimed to take advantage of the competition as an opportunity to explore a building construction method that is not widely seen in this part of the country. Testing design for net-zero readiness is a comprehensive way to understand how this type of construction performs from a building science standpoint. Collaboration with professional industry advisors helped the team to use research-based design methods to work on a unique project that the team believes will become a reality in the future. For the performance assessment of a net-zero container house, several simulation tools were used to investigate the environmental impacts, daylight performance, envelope performance, Energy Use Intensity (EUI), Home Energy Rating System (HERS), and solar energy generation. As for energy standards and codes, the Virginia residential code (VRC) 2015, International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) 2015 and The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 90.1-2013 for residential buildings were consulted to set each variable for the net-zero container house project. The Rem/Rate energy simulation software achieved the HERS index of 51 and 0 without and with the applications of roof photovoltaics, respectively.

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Mu’afa, M. N., S. Marwanti, and W. Rahayu. "Household food security of rainfed-rice farmers in Sragen District to achieve sustainable development goals." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 905, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/905/1/012064.

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Abstract Goal 2 of the Sustainable Development Goals is Zero Hunger or ensure food security in the world. This study aims to determine households’ food security in Sragen District using descriptive and analytical methods with survey techniques. The research was conducted in Gemolong Sub-district, Sragen District. The determination of village samples is done deliberately (purposive) considering the largest rainfed rice fields. The data analysis used is the analysis of energy consumption and household food security. The results showed that the energy consumption of farmers’ households amounted to 6,041 kcal/day with an energy sufficiency value of 5,368 kcal/day, then obtained energy consumption level of 113% and classified in the category of high level because energy consumption level ≥ 100%. Household food security conditions showed that 53.33% were food resistant households and 46.67% were food vulnerable. Increasing production and household income by optimizing drill wells to ensure water availability or procurement of seeds resistant to rainfed rice fields can address vulnerable food situations.

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Vourdoubas, John. "Use of Low and Zero Carbon Energy Technologies in Agricultural Greenhouses." Archives of Agriculture Research and Technology (AART) 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/aart/1032.

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Climate change consists of a severe global environmental problem threatening the prosperity of our societies. Greenhouses utilize electricity and heat covering their energy needs while they mainly use fossil fuels and electricity derived by them. Heat energy has the highest share in the overall energy mix. The use of low and zero carbon technologies in agricultural greenhouses is presented in the current study. Solar energy, wind energy, biomass and geothermal energy can be used for heat and power generation in them. Various low carbon energy technologies including co-generation systems, heat pumps, fuel cells, district heating systems and low grade rejected heat can be also used for covering part or all of their energy needs. Many of these technologies are mature, reliable and cost-efficient while they are already used in greenhouses as well as in other sectors. They can replace fossil fuels reducing their carbon emissions due to energy use in them. Our results indicate that use of various reliable, mature and cost-efficient renewable and low carbon energy technologies in greenhouses can replace fossil fuels reducing or even zeroing the carbon emissions due to energy use in them.

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Uspenskaia, Daria, Karl Specht, Hendrik Kondziella, and Thomas Bruckner. "Challenges and Barriers for Net‐Zero/Positive Energy Buildings and Districts—Empirical Evidence from the Smart City Project SPARCS." Buildings 11, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11020078.

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Without decarbonizing cities energy and climate objectives cannot be achieved as cities account for approximately two thirds of energy consumption and emissions. This goal of decarbonizing cities has to be facilitated by promoting net-zero/positive energy buildings and districts and replicating them, driving cities towards sustainability goals. Many projects in smart cities demonstrate novel and groundbreaking low-carbon solutions in demonstration and lighthouse projects. However, as the historical, geographic, political, social and economic context of urban areas vary greatly, it is not always easy to repeat the solution in another city or even district. It is therefore important to look for the opportunities to scale up or repeat successful pilots. The purpose of this paper is to explore common trends in technologies and replication strategies for positive energy buildings or districts in smart city projects, based on the practical experience from a case study in Leipzig—one of the lighthouse cities in the project SPARCS. One of the key findings the paper has proven is the necessity of a profound replication modelling to deepen the understanding of upscaling processes. Three models analyzed in this article are able to provide a multidimensional representation of the solution to be replicated.

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Abokersh, Mohamed Hany, Sachin Gangwar, Marleen Spiekman, Manel Vallès, Laureano Jiménez, and Dieter Boer. "Sustainability insights on emerging solar district heating technologies to boost the nearly zero energy building concept." Renewable Energy 180 (December 2021): 893–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.08.091.

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26

Chow, Y. "Utilizing district energy system as a cost-effective measure in meeting UK domestic 'zero carbon' targets." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 4, no. 3 (July 23, 2009): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctp026.

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Agostinelli, Sofia, Fabrizio Cumo, Meysam Majidi Nezhad, Giuseppe Orsini, and Giuseppe Piras. "Renewable Energy System Controlled by Open-Source Tools and Digital Twin Model: Zero Energy Port Area in Italy." Energies 15, no. 5 (March 1, 2022): 1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051817.

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The present paper deals with an infrastructure digitization policy to optimize maintenance processes and energy efficiency to transform port areas to ZED (Zero Energy District). The Lazio Region started the process for all its ports in 2020. The Anzio port started and developed as a pilot project as it is a particularly representative sample for the Mediterranean Sea reality due to its geomorphological conformation. The study aimed to develop energy-saving procedures and strategies and integrate production systems from Renewable Energy Systems (RESs) for sustainable mobility. In the article, these strategies are described in detail and energy analysis is carried out, starting from the current state and demonstrating the potential energy self-sufficiency of the infrastructure. Finally, the investigation’s potential utilizing a Digital Twin (DT) of the area is highlighted. Furthermore, the BIM (Building Information Modeling) and GIS (Geographic Information System) combining possibility to maximize the energy efficiency measures beneficial impact are discussed.

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Siddiqui, Salman, John Macadam, and Mark Barrett. "The operation of district heating with heat pumps and thermal energy storage in a zero-emission scenario." Energy Reports 7 (October 2021): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.08.157.

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Haneef, Fahad, Giovanni Pernigotto, Andrea Gasparella, and Jérôme Henri Kämpf. "Application of Urban Scale Energy Modelling and Multi-Objective Optimization Techniques for Building Energy Renovation at District Scale." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 19, 2021): 11554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011554.

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Nearly-zero energy buildings are now a standard for new constructions. However, the real challenge for a decarbonized society relies in the renovation of the existing building stock, selecting energy efficiency measures considering not only the energy performance but also the economic and sustainability ones. Even if the literature is full of examples coupling building energy simulation with multi-objective optimization for the identification of the best measures, the adoption of such approaches is still limited for district and urban scale simulation, often because of lack of complete data inputs and high computational requirements. In this research, a new methodology is proposed, combining the detailed geometric characterization of urban simulation tools with the simplification provided by “building archetype” modeling, in order to ensure the development of robust models for the multi-objective optimization of retrofit interventions at district scale. Using CitySim as an urban scale energy modeling tool, a residential district built in the 1990s in Bolzano, Italy, was studied. Different sets of renovation measures for the building envelope and three objectives —i.e., energy, economic and sustainability performances, were compared. Despite energy savings from 29 to 46%, energy efficiency measures applied just to the building envelope were found insufficient to meet the carbon neutrality goals without interventions to the system, in particular considering mechanical ventilation with heat recovery. Furthermore, public subsidization has been revealed to be necessary, since none of the proposed measures is able to pay back the initial investment for this case study.

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Castrillón Mendoza, Rosaura, Javier Rey Hernández, Eloy Velasco Gómez, Julio San José Alonso, and Francisco Rey Martínez. "Analysis of the Methodology to Obtain Several Key Indicators Performance (KIP), by Energy Retrofitting of the Actual Building to the District Heating Fuelled by Biomass, Focusing on nZEB Goal: Case of Study." Energies 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010093.

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In order to achieve the objectives of the European 20/20/20 strategy, and to obtain a greater energy efficiency, integration of renewable energies and the reduction of carbon emissions, a District Heating (DH) system has been designed by the University of Valladolid (UVa), Spain, one of the most important DH fed by biomass fuel in Spain, supplying heating and domestic hot water (DHW) to 31 buildings in Valladolid, the majority of them, educational buildings on the University Campus. The aims of this paper were to study the change from an energy system fueled by natural gas to District Heating by biomass in a building on the campus of the University of Valladolid—the School of Engineering (EII)—studying its consumption from its connection to the District Heating system. An energy management methodology such as ISO 50001 is carried out, applied to efficiency systems in buildings, thus establishing new criteria of sustainability and economic value. In this paper, energy management will also be analyzed in accordance with the proposed tools of an Energy Management System (EMS) applied to the EII building, through the measurement of energy parameters, calculation of thermal consumption, thermal energy savings as a result of the change from system to District Heating by biomass, economic savings, reduction of environmental impact and indicators of thermal efficiency I100 and CUSUM indicator. Finally, the primary renewable and non-renewable energy efficiency indicators for the new District Heating system will be determined. The concept of the near Zero Energy Buildings is defined in the European Union (EU) in order to analyze an approach to an nZEB which results from replacing the natural gas heating system by a biomass District Heating system.

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Pignatta, Gloria, and Navid Balazadeh. "Hybrid Vehicles as a Transition for Full E-Mobility Achievement in Positive Energy Districts: A Comparative Assessment of Real-Driving Emissions." Energies 15, no. 8 (April 9, 2022): 2760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082760.

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Air pollution is a major concern, particularly in developing countries. Road transport and mobile sources are considered the root causes of air pollutants. With the implementation of zero-carbon and zero-energy concepts at the district scale, cities can make great strides towards sustainable development. Urban planning schemes are moving from mere building solutions to the larger positive energy district (PED) scale. Alongside other technology systems in PEDs, increased uptake of electro-mobility solutions can play an important role in CO2 mitigation at the district level. This paper aims to quantify the exhaust emissions of six conventional and two fully hybrid vehicles using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) in real driving conditions. The fuel consumption and exhaust pollutants of the conventional and hybrid vehicles were compared in four different urban and highway driving routes during autumn 2019 in Iran. The results showed that hybrid vehicles presented lower fuel consumption and produced relatively lower exhaust emissions. The conventional group’s fuel consumption (CO2 emissions) was 11%, 41% higher than that of the hybrids. In addition, the hybrid vehicles showed much better fuel economy in urban routes, which is beneficial for PEDs. Micro-trip analysis showed that although conventional vehicles emitted more CO2 at lower speeds, the hybrids showed a lower amount of CO2. Moreover, in conventional vehicles, NOx emissions showed an increasing trend with vehicle speed, while no decisive trend was found for NOx emissions versus vehicle speed in hybrid vehicles.

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Devi, S. Roma, and Laishram Kanta Singh. "Zero energy cool chamber, low cost storage structure for vegetables and fruits in Churachandpur District of Manipur." Journal of Krishi Vigyan 7, no. 1 (2018): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-4433.2018.00136.8.

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Schindler, Markus, Lukas Gnam, Markus Puchegger, Karina Medwenitsch, and Patricia Jasek. "Optimization-Based Operation of District Heating Networks: A Case Study for Two Real Sites." Energies 16, no. 5 (February 22, 2023): 2120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052120.

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To achieve the ambitious targets of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, there is a need for change in all parts of society, industry, and mobility, as well as in all energy sectors. For this purpose, sector coupling plays a crucial role, e.g., in the form of coupling the electricity with the heat sector using power-to-heat systems. In this article, the effects of the integration of intermittent wind energy via a direct cable, as well as the integration of a boiler into district heating systems powered by a biomass plant and/or a gas boiler, are investigated. Sector coupling in the district heating networks is achieved via the integration of a boiler connected to a local grid station and the use of two air-to-water and two water-to-water heat pumps, which are solely powered by electricity produced by local wind turbines. Furthermore, this work evaluates the economic impacts of the exploding energy prices on the sustainability of district heating systems. Our analysis shows that despite high electricity prices, a reduction in fossil-fuel-based energy generators in the winter season can be determined, and thus a sustainable heat supply can be ensured.

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Alzahrani, Ateyah, Ioan Petri, Yacine Rezgui, and Ali Ghoroghi. "Developing Smart Energy Communities around Fishery Ports: Toward Zero-Carbon Fishery Ports." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 1, 2020): 2779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112779.

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Air quality and energy consumption are among the top ten environmental priorities in seaports as stated by the European Sea Ports Organization. Globally, it is estimated that 15% of energy consumption can be attributed to refrigeration and air conditioning systems in fishing activities. There is a real need to understand energy usage in fishery ports to help identify areas of improvements, with a view to optimize energy usage and minimize carbon emissions. In this study, we elaborate on ways in which a simulation capability can be developed at the community level with a fishery port, using a real-world case study seaport in Milford Heaven (Wales, UK). This simulation-based strategy is used to investigate the potential of renewable energy, including local solar farms, to meet the local power demand. This has informed the development of a simulation-based optimization strategy meant to explore how smart energy communities can be formed at the port level by integrating the smart grid with the local community energy storage. The main contribution of the paper involves a co-simulation environment that leverages calibrated energy simulation models to deliver an optimization capability that (a) manages electrical storage within a district an environment, and (b) promotes the formation of energy communities in a fishery port ecosystem. This is paving the way to policy implications, not only in terms of carbon and energy reduction, but also in the formation and sustained management of energy communities.

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Koutra, Sesil, Noémie Denayer, Nikolaos-Fivos Galatoulas, Vincent Becue, and Christos S. Ioakimidis. "The zero-energy challenge in districts. Introduction of a methodological decision-making approach in the case of the district of Cuesmes in Belgium." International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development 13, no. 3 (September 2, 2021): 585–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19463138.2021.1985504.

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36

Koutra, Sesil, Noémie Denayer, Nikolaos-Fivos Galatoulas, Vincent Becue, and Christos S. Ioakimidis. "The zero-energy challenge in districts. Introduction of a methodological decision-making approach in the case of the district of Cuesmes in Belgium." International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development 13, no. 3 (September 2, 2021): 585–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19463138.2021.1985504.

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37

Nielsen, Steffen, and Bernd Möller. "‘Corrigendum to “Excess heat production of future net zero energy buildings within district heating areas in Denmark” [Energy 48 (2012) 23–31]’." Energy 69 (May 2014): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.03.110.

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38

Wang, Pengying, and Shuo Zhang. "Retrofitting Strategies Based on Orthogonal Array Testing to Develop Nearly Zero Energy Buildings." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 4451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084451.

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Retrofitting existing buildings to be a nearly zero energy building (nZEB) is an effective solution for greenhouse gas emissions and primary energy consumption reduction. A hybrid approach that integrates the building energy simulation method and orthogonal array testing (OAT) to renovate buildings to nZEB is proposed in this paper. Within a residential building in Changchun, Jilin of China, the total energy consumption index (TECI) and CO2 emission factor for heating are used as evaluation criteria. The reliability of the building energy model is validated and adopted to forecast the energy performance of different building renovation strategies. According to OAT, four passive measures can be ranked by their influence on TECI in descending order as follows: external wall heat transfer coefficient, airtightness, window heat transfer coefficient, and roof heat transfer coefficient. The optimal renovation solution of the studied building can reduce the TECI by 43.18% by only reducing the external wall heat transfer coefficient from 0.5 to 0.2 W/m2·K and the infiltration N50 from 3.6 to 0.4 ac/h. Besides, combined heat and power (CHP) utilities emit less CO2 than heat pumps in providing heating under the current CO2 emission factor of the power grid in China, making it impossible to give up district heating systems until carbon emissions of electricity generation have declined significantly. The results can provide a reference for the application of the nZEB standard in actual retrofitting projects.

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Ahmed, Kaiser, Hatef Hajian, Tero Hasu, and Jarek Kurnitski. "Kouvola Housing fair NZEB houses energy, cost and carbon analyses." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 13001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017213001.

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Building energy efficiency, construction cost, life cycle cost, and carbon emission are the best interests of users, owners and different vendors. This study assessed the energy performance (EP) related investment and operational energy cost of Kouvola housing fair NZEB. Data from 12 new detached houses were collected, which fulfilled the energy certificate class of B according to the Finnish nearly zero energy building (NZEB) regulation. Besides, emission from building materials, construction and energy use during 50 years of one model building were estimated, aiming to compare the life cycle emission from wooden building, insulated concrete building, blockhouse and log house. The results showed that the total construction cost was independent to EP-value and even had a slightly negative correlation to the EP-value. The average EP-value of 12 buildings was slightly higher than that of buildings in Tampere housing fair 2012, which showed no improvement of nearly zero energy building (NZEB) guidelines since 2012. Energy performance related cost dependency in specific cost categories was shown so that EP-value improvement by 40 units increased less than 2% of construction cost. Electricity had a significant contribution to CO2 emission while local district heating was based on renewables. Material emissions contribution was 32-48% of total emissions, and wooden buildings showed lower carbon footprint compared to other building structures.

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40

Becchio, Cristina, Marta Carla Bottero, Stefano Paolo Corgnati, and Federico Dell’Anna. "Decision making for sustainable urban energy planning: an integrated evaluation framework of alternative solutions for a NZED (Net Zero-Energy District) in Turin." Land Use Policy 78 (November 2018): 803–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.06.048.

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Kilkiş, Şiir. "A Nearly Net-Zero Exergy District as a Model for Smarter Energy Systems in the Context of Urban Metabolism." Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems 5, no. 1 (March 2017): 101–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d5.0136.

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42

Koutra, Sesil, Vincent Becue, Mohamed-Anis Gallas, and Christos S. Ioakimidis. "Towards the development of a net-zero energy district evaluation approach: A review of sustainable approaches and assessment tools." Sustainable Cities and Society 39 (May 2018): 784–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.03.011.

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43

Ferrante, Annarita, Anastasia Fotopoulou, and Cecilia Mazzoli. "Sustainable Urban Regeneration through Densification Strategies: The Kallithea District in Athens as a Pilot Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 9462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229462.

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The current main issue in the construction sector in Europe concerns the energy refurbishment and the reactivation of investments in existing buildings. Guidance for enhancing energy efficiency and encouraging member states to create a market for deep renovation is provided by a number of European policies. Innovative methods and strategies are required to attract and involve citizens and main stakeholders to undertake buildings’ renovation processes, which actually account for just 1% of the total building stock. This contribution proposes technical and financial solutions for the promotion of energy efficient, safe, and attractive retrofit interventions based on the creation of volumetric additions combined with renewable energy sources. This paper focuses on the urban reality of Athens as being an important example of a degraded urban center with a heavy heat island, a quite important heating demand, and a strong seismic vulnerability. The design solutions presented here demonstrate that the strategy of additions, because of the consequent increased value of the buildings, could represent an effective densification policy for the renovation of existing urban settings. Hence, the aim is to trigger regulatory and market reforms with the aim to boost the revolution towards nearly zero energy buildings for the existing building stocks.

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Ricci, Mattia, Paolo Sdringola, Salvatore Tamburrino, Giovanni Puglisi, Elena Di Donato, Maria Alessandra Ancona, and Francesco Melino. "Efficient District Heating in a Decarbonisation Perspective: A Case Study in Italy." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030948.

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The European and national regulations in the decarbonisation path towards 2050 promote district heating in achieving the goals of efficiency, energy sustainability, use of renewables, and reduction of fossil fuel use. Improved management and optimisation, use of RES, and waste heat/cold sources decrease the overall demand for primary energy, a condition that is further supported by building renovations and new construction of under (almost) zero energy buildings, with a foreseeable decrease in the temperature of domestic heating systems. Models for the simulation of efficient thermal networks were implemented and described in this paper, together with results from a real case study in Italy, i.e., University Campus of Parma. Activities include the creation and validation of calculation codes and specific models in the Modelica language (Dymola software), aimed at investigating stationary regimes and dynamic behaviour as well. An indirect heat exchange substation was coupled with a resistive-capacitive model, which describes the building behaviour and the thermal exchanges by the use of thermos-physical parameters. To optimise indoor comfort conditions and minimise consumption, dynamic simulations were carried out for different operating sets: modulating the supply temperature in the plant depending on external conditions (Scenario 4) decreases the supplied thermal energy (−2.34%) and heat losses (−8.91%), even if a lower temperature level results in higher electricity consumption for pumping (+12.96%), the total energy consumption is reduced by 1.41%. A simulation of the entire heating season was performed for the optimised scenario, combining benefits from turning off the supply in the case of no thermal demand (Scenario 3) and from the modulation of the supply temperature (Scenario 4), resulting in lower energy consumption (the thermal energy supplied by the power plant −3.54%, pumping +7.76%), operating costs (−2.40), and emissions (−3.02%). The energy balance ex-ante and ex-post deep renovation in a single user was then assessed, showing how lowering the network operating temperature at 55 °C decreases the supplied thermal energy (−22.38%) and heat losses (−22.11%) with a slightly higher pumping consumption (+3.28%), while maintaining good comfort conditions. These promising results are useful for evaluating the application of low-temperature operations to the existing district heating networks, especially for large interventions of building renovation, and confirm their potential contribution to the energy efficiency targets.

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Novelli, N. E., J. Shultz, M. Aly Etman, K. Phillips, M. M. Derby, P. R. H. S. Stark, M. Jensen, and A. H. Dyson. "System-Scale Modeling of a Building-Integrated, Transparent Concentrating Photovoltaic and Thermal Collector." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012117.

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Abstract The buildings sector is a principal contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, but consistently falls short of targets for harnessing on-site energy resources towards sustainable operation. Emerging integrated solar technologies could transform buildings and urban settings into resilient, self-sufficient, and healthy environments. But if effects of these technologies are not understood in the multiple contexts in which they operate (human-scale, building-scale, district-scale), their potential is difficult to project. To explore building-scale metabolization of solar energy, a previously-developed analytical model of a Building Envelope-Integrated, Transparent, Concentrating Photovoltaic and Thermal collector (BITCoPT) was run to project electrical and thermal energy and exergy production (cogeneration) in a range of orientations and operating temperatures. Simulated annual cogeneration efficiency was noted at 27% (exergy) at an operating temperature of 55°C, and up to 55% (energy) at 25°C. Exergetic efficiency remained nearly constant as operating temperatures increased through 75°C, indicating the thermal energy collected would be some heat-engine-based applications. Although the scope of this study excludes broader architectural benefits of daylighting (lighting load reduction), and reduction of solar gains (cooling loads), these results suggest BITCoPT merits further investigation for on-site net-zero and energy-positive commercial building design, and might contribute to expanding net-zero and energy-positive architecture opportunities.

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Arumägi, Endrik, and Targo Kalamees. "Cost and Energy Reduction of a New nZEB Wooden Building." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 10, 2020): 3570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143570.

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The current study demonstrates the possibilities of reducing energy use and construction costs and provides evidence that wooden nearly-zero-energy buildings (nZEB) are technically possible at affordable construction costs by using novel design processes and procurement models that enable scalable and modular production. The energy efficiency solutions were derived by increasing/decreasing the insulation value of the building envelope in successive steps. Financial calculations were based on the investment needed to achieve the nearly-zero-energy levels. Overall, many opportunities exist to decrease the cost and energy use compared to the current (pre-nZEB) practice because the net present value can change up to 150 €/m² on the same energy performance indicator (EPI) level. The EPI in the cost-even range was reached by combining a ground-source heat pump (between 115 and 128 kWh/(m2·a)) and efficient district heating (between 106 and 124 kWh/(m2·a)). As energy efficiency decreases, improving energy efficiency becomes more expensive by insulation measures. Throughout the EPI range the most cost efficient was investment in the improvement of the thermal transmittance of windows (3–13 €/(kWh/(m2·a))) while investments in other building envelope parts were less effective (4–80 €/(kWh/(m2·a))). If these were possible to install, photovoltaic (PV) panels installed to the roof would be the cheapest solution to improve the energy performance. Integrated project delivery procurement (design and construction together) and the use of prefabricated wooden structures reduced the constructing cost by half (from ~2700 €/net m2 to 1390 €/net m2) and helped to keep the budget within limits.

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47

Choi, Younghun, Takuro Kobashi, Yoshiki Yamagata, and Akito Murayama. "Assessment of Waterfront Office Redevelopment Plan on Optimal Building Arrangements with Rooftop Photovoltaics: A Case Study for Shinagawa, Tokyo." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030883.

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Designing waterfront redevelopment generally focuses on attractiveness, leisure, and beauty, resulting in various types of building and block shapes with limited considerations on environmental aspects. However, increasing climate change impacts necessitate these buildings to be sustainable, resilient, and zero CO2 emissions. By producing five scenarios (plus existing buildings) with constant floor areas, we investigated how buildings and district forms with building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) affect energy consumption and production, self-sufficiency, CO2 emission, and energy costs in the context of waterfront redevelopment in Tokyo. From estimated hourly electricity demands of the buildings, techno-economic analyses were conducted for rooftop PV systems for 2018 and 2030 with declining costs of rooftop PV systems. We found that environmental building designs with rooftop PV system are increasingly economical in Tokyo with CO2 emission reduction of 2–9% that depends on rooftop sizes. Payback periods drop from 14 years in 2018 to 6 years in 2030. Toward net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050, immediate actions are necessary to install rooftop PVs on existing and new buildings with energy efficiency improvements by construction industry and building owners. To facilitate such actions, national and local governments need to adopt appropriate policies.

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48

Tozer, Laura, and Nicole Klenk. "Urban configurations of carbon neutrality: Insights from the Carbon Neutral Cities Alliance." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 37, no. 3 (June 27, 2018): 539–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654418784949.

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This paper examines configurations of carbon neutrality in the building and energy sector as expressed in the urban governance documents of the members of the Carbon Neutral Cities Alliance (CNCA). ‘Carbon neutrality’ is a mutable idea, which makes it unclear what kinds of future urban systems are imagined. As self-identified pioneers of deep decarbonization, the CNCA members are constructing ideas about what carbon neutral means and how urban systems should be changed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, climate governance policy documents provide a window to understand how these carbon neutral imaginaries are being constructed. The analysis draws on discourse analysis and textual network analysis to unpack the sociotechnical configurations that are planned to be mobilized to constitute carbon neutral built environments. Concept map visualizations are used to scrutinize planned configurations of objects (e.g. solar photovoltaics, district energy and energy efficiency technology) and policy instruments (e.g. energy use benchmarking and urban planning tools). The analysis shows three key building and energy configurations: (1) The District Energy City, (2) The Zero Net Energy City and (3) The Natural Gas Transition City. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that urban imaginaries of carbon neutrality are incorporating complex configurations of socio-technical objects while, at the same time, distinct socio-technical configurations are being favoured in individual places. These configurations inform socio-technical imaginaries that will continue to drive policy outcomes over time.

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Yang, Perry Pei-Ju, Cheryl Shu-Fang Chi, Yihan Wu, and Steven Jige Quan. "A Geodesign Method of Human-Energy-Water Interactive Systems for Urban Infrastructure Design: 10KM2 Near-Zero District Project in Shanghai." Engineering 4, no. 2 (April 2018): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2018.03.014.

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50

Tereshchenko,, Tymofii, Dmytro Ivanko, Natasa Nord, and Igor Sartori. "Analysis of energy signatures and planning of heating and domestic hot water energy use in buildings in Norway." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 06009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911106009.

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Widespread introduction of low energy buildings (LEBs), passive houses, and zero emission buildings (ZEBs) are national target in Norway. In order to achieve better energy performance in these types of buildings and successfully integrate them in energy system, reliable planning and prediction techniques for heat energy use are required. However, the issue of energy planning in LEBs currently remains challenging for district heating companies. This article proposed an improved methodology for planning and analysis of domestic hot water and heating energy use in LEBs based on energy signature method. The methodology was tested on a passive school in Oslo, Norway. In order to divide energy signature curve on temperature dependent and independent parts, it was proposed to use piecewise regression. Each of these parts were analyzed separately. The problem of dealing with outliers and selection of the factors that had impact of energy was considered. For temperature dependent part, the different methods of modelling were compared by statistical criteria. The investigation showed that linear multiple regression model resulted in better accuracy in the prediction than SVM, PLS, and LASSO models. In order to explain temperature independent part of energy signature the hourly profiles of energy use were developed.

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