Готові списки джерел за темами / Zero-Energy District

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Zero-Energy District"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Zero-Energy District"

Saarloos, Benjamin A., and Jason C. Quinn. "Net-Zero Energy Districts and the Grid: An Energy-Economic Feasibility Case-Study of the National Western Center in Denver, CO, USA." Buildings 11, no. 12 (December 11, 2021): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11120638.

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Given the enormous impact of buildings on energy consumption, it is important to continue the development of net-zero energy districts. Opportunities exist for energy efficiency and renewable energy on a district level that may not be feasible in individual buildings. Due to the intermittent nature of many renewable energy sources, net-zero energy districts are dependent on the energy grid. The novelty of this work is to quantify and optimize the economic cost and grid independence of a net-zero energy district using the National Western Center (NWC) in Denver, CO, USA as a case study. The NWC is a 100+ ha campus undergoing a major redevelopment process with a planned 170,000 m2 of total building space, an emphasis on sustainability, and a net-zero energy goal. Campus plans, building energy models, and renewable energy performance models of on-site solar, biomass, and thermal renewable energy sources are analyzed in multiple energy scenarios to achieve net-zero energy with and without on-site energy storage. Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) is optimized as a function of variables defining the energy and economic relationship with the grid. Discussion herein addresses trade-offs between net-zero energy scenarios in terms of energy load, LCOE, storage, and grid dependence.

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Famiglietti, Jacopo, Marcello Aprile, Giulia Spirito, and Mario Motta. "Net-Zero Climate Emissions Districts: Potentials and Constraints for Social Housing in Milan." Energies 16, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031504.

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Net-zero climate districts are gaining wide attention at the European and international levels. Urban regeneration competitions have been launched recently to stimulate development; nevertheless, the literature does not yet provide a shared scope definition (i.e., product system). Using the process-based life cycle assessment method, the authors evaluate the climate profile of a new district in Milan (14 buildings with 36,000 m2 of gross surface area in total) aiming to become the first net-zero social housing project in Italy. The authors show in the results section how climate neutrality is achieved on the part of the real estate operator by varying the scope. The most conservative scenario (including all the emission sources considered in the analysis) indicates that the net-zero climate target is reached only by purchasing voluntary carbon credits. The authors also highlight: (i) a district composed of nearly-zero energy buildings is far from the definition of a net-zero climate emissions district; (ii) a net-zero climate emissions district may not be a positive energy district and vice-versa; and (iii) constraints linked with the lack of space in a densely populated city due to insufficient area to install renewables on site.

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Komninos, Nicos. "Net Zero Energy Districts: Connected Intelligence for Carbon-Neutral Cities." Land 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11020210.

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Net-Zero Energy Districts (NZEDs) are city districts in which the annual amount of CO2 emissions released is balanced by emissions removed from the atmosphere. NZEDs constitute a major component in a new generation of “smart-green cities”, which deploy both smart city technologies and renewable energy technologies. NZEDs promote environmental sustainability, contribute to cleaner environments and reduce global warming and the threats from climate change. This paper describes a model to assess the feasibility of the transition of city districts to self-sufficient NZEDs, based on locally produced renewable energy suitable for cities. It also aims to identify threshold conditions that allow for a city district to become a self-sufficient NZED using smart city systems, renewable energy, and nature-based solutions. The significance of transition to self-sufficient NZEDs is extremely important as it considerably decentralises and multiplies the efforts for carbon-neutral cities. The methodology we follow combines the literature review, model design, model feed with data, and many simulations to assess the outcome of the model in various climate, social, technology, and district settings. In the conclusion, we assess whether the transition to NZEDs with solar panel energy locally produced is feasible, we identify thresholds in terms of climate, population density, and solar conversion efficiency, and assess the compatibility of NZEDs with compact city planning principles.

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Xu, Xiaoyan, Ying Wang, Yingjun Ruan, Jian Wang, Kailiang Ge, Yongming Zhang, and Haikui Jin. "Integrated Energy Planning for Near-Zero Carbon Emission Demonstration District in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Meishan District in Ningbo, China." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030874.

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Reasonable regional integrated energy planning is an important prerequisite for the construction of a Near-Zero Carbon Emission Demonstration District (NCEDD). An integrated energy planning scheme that is based on a three-step planning method with the objective of achieving an NCEDD is proposed in this paper. First, the planning objectives should be determined. After that, the planning strategies should be established. Finally, the planning approaches should be proposed according to the previously determined objectives and strategies. A case study considering the integrated energy planning of the Meishan International Near-Zero Carbon Emission Demonstration District (MINCEDD) is investigated to explain the planning method. In addition, the planning results, which are indicated as indexes, are explained, analyzed, and compared to the ones of other districts. The indexes include a proportion of renewable energy to primary energy (73% by 2030 and 108% by 2050), a proportion of renewable power to total power consumption (98% by 2030 and 111% by 2050), and CO2 emission reduction rates (70% by 2030 and 100% by 2050) and are more advanced than other districts in China. This planning scheme and method can provide a reference for the integrated energy planning of NCEDDs in developed urban areas.

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Kılkış, Şiir. "Energy system analysis of a pilot net-zero exergy district." Energy Conversion and Management 87 (November 2014): 1077–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.05.014.

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Sougkakis, Vasileios, Konstantinos Lymperopoulos, Nikos Nikolopoulos, Nikolaos Margaritis, Paraskevi Giourka, and Komninos Angelakoglou. "An Investigation on the Feasibility of Near-Zero and Positive Energy Communities in the Greek Context." Smart Cities 3, no. 2 (May 9, 2020): 362–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities3020019.

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Near Zero Energy and Positive Energy communities are expected to play a significant part in EU’s strategy to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Within this context, the work presented in this paper aims to investigate the feasibility of: (a) a new-built positive energy neighborhood; and (b) the retrofit of an existing neighborhood to near zero energy performance in the city of Alexandroupolis, Greece. Proposed measures involve the rollout at the community scale of renewable energy technologies (PV, geothermal heat pump), energy efficiency (fabric insulation, district heating and cooling networks) and storage systems (batteries). A parametric analysis is conducted to identify the optimum combination of technologies through suitable technical and financial criteria. Results indicate that zero and near zero emissions targets are met with various combinations that impose insulation levels, according to building regulations or slightly higher, and consider renewable energy production with an autonomy of half or, more commonly, one day. In addition, the advantages of performing nearly zero energy retrofit at the district, rather than the building level, are highlighted, in an attempt to stimulate interest in community energy schemes.

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Kalaycıoğlu, Ece, and Ayşe Zerrin Yılmaz. "Settlement scale analysis approach to reach nearly zero energy communities." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 06026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911106026.

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Looking at the recent developments, the European Union (EU) aims to become a zero carbon community. For the building sector, Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) was recast in 2010 introducing the definition of the nearly zero energy building (NZEB) levels to construct all new buildings at this level by the end of 2020. The last revision of the directive in 2018 also promotes the renovation of the building stock to the NZEB levels. In the paper, it was proposed to define the nearly zero energy levels for settlements. This way, it was aimed to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of reaching the nearly zero energy levels at larger scales than single buildings. Settlement level studies, including the district energy systems, intended to reveal the energy efficiency measures which lead to optimal cost levels for more than one building. Key parameters were examined for a new settlement design which may be beneficial for the large-scale renewable energy system implementation and district energy system (DES) usage with high energy performance buildings.

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Latosov, Eduard, Anna Volkova, Andres Siirde, Jarek Kurnitski, and Martin Thalfeldt. "Methodological Approach to Determining the Effect of Parallel Energy Consumption on District Heating System." Environmental and Climate Technologies 19, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rtuect-2017-0001.

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Abstract District heating (DH) offers the most effective way to enhance the efficiency of primary energy use, increasing the share of renewable energy in energy consumption and decreasing the amount of CO2 emissions. According to Article 9 section 1 of the Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings, the Member states of the European Union are obligated to draw up National Plans for increasing the number of nearly zero-energy buildings [1]. Article 2 section 2 of the same Directive states that the energy used in nearly zero-energy buildings should be created covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby. Thus, the heat distributed by DH systems and produced by manufacturing devices located in close vicinity of the building also have to be taken into account in determining the energy consumption of the building and the share of renewable energy used in the nearly zero-energy buildings. With regard to the spreading of nearly zero-energy and zero-energy houses, the feasibility of on-site energy (heat and/or electricity) production and consumption in DH areas energy (i.e. parallel consumption, when the consumer, connected to DH system, consumes energy for heat production from other sources besides the DH system as well) needs to be examined. In order to do that, it is necessary to implement a versatile methodological approach based on the principles discussed in this article.

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García-Fuentes, Miguel Á., Ignacio González, Alfonso Gordaliza, and Cristina de Torre. "Retrofitting of a Residential District under Near Zero Energy Buildings Criteria." Proceedings 1, no. 7 (November 8, 2017): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings1070686.

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Koutra, Pagnoule, Galatoulas, Bagheri, Waroux, Becue, and Ioakimidis. "The Zero-Energy Idea in Districts: Application of a Methodological Approach to a Case Study of Epinlieu (Mons)." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (September 3, 2019): 4814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174814.

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Rapidly increasing global energy demand has raised concerns about the exhaustion of energy resources and the consequent heavy environmental impact. Improving energy efficiency in cities comprises an initial measure for addressing these phenomena. Within the current context of globalization, EU initiatives and policy targets have been proposed in order to revise urban development strategies and motivate its member states (MSes) toward “zero-energy objectives”. Providing a methodological approach with a simulation district analysis, the present article summarizes how this challenge was analyzed in an existing district in Belgium. This study contributes to the scientific discussion by analyzing the applicability of a holistic approach to zero-energy objectives on a larger scale.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Zero-Energy District"

Berner, Wik Petter. "Perspectives of a climate-neutral urban district : Evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions, exergy and energy balances." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för byggnadsteknik, energisystem och miljövetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33382.

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A climate-neutral city can be viewed at in many different aspects. This report investigates the greenhouse gas, exergy and energy balance for both heat pumps and district heat supply at local, national and methane gas perspectives of the energy conversion processes. Through a numerical grey box model of a geographical information system based urban district. There seven different passive-, nearly zero-, and plus-energy residential buildings are implemented. That are developed and annually simulated in the IDA ICE software. There, thermal transmittance and building geometry are the most urgent parameters that impacts the space heating demand and energy performance. They are estimated by current and proposed primary energy weight factors where the geometry shape is undefined, while the altitude impact’s the building's energy, exergy, and greenhouse gas balance. Therefore high-rise building's energy performance are poorer than low-rise buildings, simultaneously as heat pump supply enables higher altitude than district heating. Other energy savings occur through additional energy-efficient technologies, energy generating technologies and soft tools that change residents’ behavior. The investigated urban district is placed in the Swedish city Gävle, which meets residents’ demand for approximately 6000 apartments without additional service. It is a plus energy district for heat pump supply and passive energy for district heating supply. Although the district heated urban district electricity-saving towards heat pump corresponds to 32 percent of the urban district's total facility and household electricity utilization. The energy analysis include the perspective of the facility’s energy utilization and generation, and the perspectives of residents’ energy utilization and recovery from their waste resource production. This makes the urban district exergy productive and carbon-negative during the operating phase, regardless of emission value and heat supply technology, since the facility perspective compensates for the residents’ electricity utilization and consumption of goods. Therefore, there are no need for tree plantation as compensation of greenhouse gas pollution since the carbon negativity corresponds to between 2 to 154 hectares of forest. The study is therefore relevant for other geographical locations in Sweden depending on geographical location, heat supply technology and emission value from the primary energy conversion processes.

Förstudie i future heat projekt angående Framtidens klimatsmarta stad genom klimatneutral bebyggelse med fjärrvärme.

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Rimec, Daniel. "Multidimensional Assessment For a Case Studied Zero Energy Building : Climate positive buildings with and without a connection to the district heating network." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54650.

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The purpose of this report is to get an overview of the CO2 reduction possibilities when adopting different renewable energy source, when the case studied building sustains a district heating network connection and when not, and how the renewable energy source flexibilities (Solar and Wind) differ depending on region. The method regards a ETC house that falls into the climate positive category and assesses the reduction when comparing CO2 emissions form the energy demand. The result for the flexibilities is then compared to the BBR demand. The result shows a difference of around 10% in production for the flexibilities when comparing the northern and middle region with the southern. And a decrease between 19-36% gCO2. Comparing a scenario with and without a connection to the district heating network showed that when the ground source heat pump offsets the energy demand, CO2, and cost reductions (6 and 4% respectively) can be seen. With an average installation cost, the payback period for the ground source heat pump can be estimated to be around 4 year. In conclusion the thesis project shows that the climate is a ruling factor when assessing energy questions for the residential sector. It also shows the difference in CO2 and cost that comes with it can be reduced and help mitigated the sectors effects on the environment. This in turn shows that the overall reduction of CO2 for the case studied building follows the demands and goals set by the European commission and gives motivation to expand the construction as cost is also reduced.

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Abokersh, Mohamed. "Decision Making Tools for Sustainable Transition Toward Low Carbon Energy Technologies in the Residential Sector." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671958.

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Aliniant-se amb l’ambiciós paquet energètic i climàtic de la UE 2030 per reduir les emissions d’efecte hivernacle i substituir les fonts de calor convencionals mitjançant la presència de participacions d’energia renovable per aconseguir una comunitat d’energia nul·la, les parts interessades del sector residencial s’enfronten a diversos aspectes tècnics, econòmics i ambientals. qüestions per assolir els objectius de la UE en un futur proper. Aquesta tesi se centra en dues transformacions estructurals claus necessàries per a una transició sostenible cap a la producció d’energia neta: el problema de les tecnologies d’energia amb baix carboni que representen els sistemes solars de calefacció urbana juntament amb l’emmagatzematge estacional d’energia i la seva aplicació per aconseguir edificis d’energia gairebé nul·la. L’abordatge d’aquests reptes s’inicia mitjançant l’ús del disseny i l’optimització de sistemes d’energia neta incorporats a l’aprenentatge automàtic i l’anàlisi de dades per desenvolupar eines d’enginyeria de processos assistits per ordinador. Aquestes eines ajudarien a abordar els reptes de les parts interessades, contribuint així a la transició cap a un futur més sostenible.
Alineándose con el ambicioso paquete de energía y clima de la UE 2030 para reducir las emisiones de efecto invernadero y reemplazar las fuentes de calor convencionales a través de la presencia de energía renovable para lograr una comunidad de energía neta cero, las partes interesadas en el sector residencial se enfrentan a varios problemas técnicos, económicos y ambientales. cuestiones para cumplir los objetivos de la UE en un futuro próximo. Esta tesis se centra en dos transformaciones estructurales clave necesarias para la transición sostenible hacia la producción de energía limpia: el problema de las tecnologías energéticas bajas en carbono que representan los sistemas de calefacción de distrito solar junto con el almacenamiento de energía estacional, y su aplicación para lograr edificios de energía casi nula. El abordaje de estos desafíos se inicia mediante el uso del diseño y la optimización de sistemas de energía limpia incorporados con el aprendizaje automático y el análisis de datos para desarrollar herramientas de ingeniería de procesos asistida por computadora. Estas herramientas ayudarían a abordar los desafíos de las partes interesadas, contribuyendo así a la transición hacia un futuro más sostenible.
Aligning with the ambitious EU 2030 climate and energy package for cutting the greenhouse emissions and replacing conventional heat sources through the presence of renewable energy share to achieve net-zero-energy community, the stakeholders at residential sector are facing several technical, economic, and environmental issues to meet the EU targets in the near future. This thesis is focusing on two key structural transformations needed for sustainable transition towards clean energy production: the low carbon energy technologies problem represented by the solar district heating systems coupled with seasonal energy storage, and its application to achieve Nearly Zero Energy Buildings. The Tackling for these challenges is instigated through using design and optimization of clean energy systems incorporated with machine learning and data analysis to develop Computer-Aided Process Engineering tools. These tools would help in addressing the stakeholder’s challenges, thus contributing to the transition towards a more sustainable future.

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DELL'ANNA, FEDERICO. "Energy and Economic Evaluations to Design Urban Transformation and Requalification Programs." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2827696.

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Natanian, Jonathan [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Auer, Thomas [Gutachter] Auer, Shady [Gutachter] Attia, and Guedi [Gutachter] Capeluto. "Beyond Zero Energy Districts: A Holistic Energy and Environmental Quality Evaluation Workflow for Dense Urban Contexts in Hot Climates / Jonathan Natanian ; Gutachter: Thomas Auer, Shady Attia, Guedi Capeluto ; Betreuer: Thomas Auer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234149095/34.

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Книги з теми "Zero-Energy District"

Hasan, Ala, and Francesco Reda, eds. Net-Zero/Positive Energy Buildings and Districts. MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-4563-9.

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Частини книг з теми "Zero-Energy District"

Koutra, Sesil, Vincent Becue, and Christos S. Ioakimidis. "A Simplified Methodological Approach Towards the Net Zero Energy District." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 207–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63712-9_12.

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Becchio, Cristina, Marta Bottero, Stefano Paolo Corgnati, and Federico Dell’Anna. "A MCDA-Based Approach for Evaluating Alternative Requalification Strategies for a Net-Zero Energy District (NZED)." In Multiple Criteria Decision Making, 189–211. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39292-9_10.

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De la Cruz, Iván, and Carlos E. Ugalde-Loo. "District Heating and Cooling Systems." In Microgrids and Local Energy Systems. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99740.

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Decarbonisation of the energy sector is a crucial ambition towards meeting net-zero targets and achieving climate change mitigation. Heating and cooling accounts for over a third of UK greenhouse emissions and, thus, decarbonisation of this sector has attracted significant attention from a range of stakeholders, including energy system operators, manufacturers, research institutions and policy makers. Particularly, the role of district heating and cooling (DHC) systems will be critical, as these two energy vectors are central to our lives not only for comfort and daily activities, but also to facilitate productive workplaces and to run a variety of industrial processes. The optimal operation of DHC systems and the design of efficient strategies to produce heat and cold, store thermal energy, and meet heating and cooling demands, together with an increased integration of low carbon technologies and local renewable energy sources, are vital to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions alike. This chapter reviews relevant aspects of DHC systems, their main elements, automatic control systems and optimal management.

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Lovell, Heather. "The surprising outcomes of UK energy and climate policy Zero carbon housing targets and the emerging opportunities for district heating." In Sustainable Urban Energy Policy, 204–15. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315739533-10.

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Olgyay, Victor, and Iain Campbell. "An Integrative Business Model for Net-Zero Energy Districts." In Urban Energy Transition, 445–56. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102074-6.00035-8.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Zero-Energy District"

Bobyleva, Nadezda. "Distrito de balanço energético nulo: evolução dos elementos conceituais." In XIX ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA DO AMBIENTE CONSTRUÍDO. UFRGS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/entac.v19i1.2187.

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Neste artigo é apresentada a evolução do conceito de Distrito de Balanço Energético Nulo, termo intitulado em literatura inglesa Zero-Energy District, a partir de revisão bibliográfica em três bases de dados para artigos publicados entre 2017 e 2022. Destacam-se os fatores principais que determinam a emergência dos termos derivados deste conceito: Distrito de Balanço Energético Quase Nulo (Nearly Zero-Energy District), Distrito de Balanço Energético Nulo Líquida (Net Zero-Energy District), Distrito de Balanço Energético Positivo (Positive Energy District), Comunidade de Balanço Energético Nulo (Zero-Energy Community). Como conclusão, aponta-se a necessidade de transferir os conceitos associados aos Distritos de Balanço Energético Nulo e adaptar normas já implantadas em países desenvolvidos a realidade dos países do Sul Global.

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Huang, Joe, Donghyun Seo, and Moncef Krarti. "Analysis of the Energy Saving Potentials for Near-Zero Energy Buildings in Shanghai." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54652.

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The Changning District in Shanghai has expressed interest to becoming a green neighborhood and has asked for recommendations on how to reduce the energy usage in public buildings in their district. The objective of this short study is to identify the likely range of further reductions in the energy use and carbon emissions of new buildings through energy-efficiency improvements and the use of renewable energy, i.e., solar hot water (SHW), photovoltaics (PV), and ground-source heat pumps (GSHP), as compared to buildings that meet the current public building energy code in Shanghai. This analysis is done using DOE-2.1E computer simulations of three prototypical building models — an office, a hotel, and a mixed-use retail/office building — that have been calibrated against measured energy data from such buildings in the Changning District. After the building models have been calibrated, they are then used to establish the baseline energy use for code-compliant buildings, and to calculate the energy savings for 16 potential EEMs (Energy Efficiency Measures) that exceed the building energy code. A LCC (Life-Cycle Cost) analysis is done to compare the energy cost reductions to the capital costs for the EEMs, with the result that some EEMs are rejected as being not cost-effective over a 25 year period. The usage of the EEMs accepted as cost-effective is found to reduce the energy usage of the three building types by 30–40% in the office, 43–46% in the hotel, and 35% in the retail, depending on the assumed discount rate. If all the EEMs are considered regardless of cost, the energy savings increase to 44% in the office, 47% in the hotel, and 36% in the retail.

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Pero, C. Del, F. Leonforte, F. Lombardi, N. Stevanato, J. Barbieri, N. Aste, H. Huerto, and E. Colombo. "Modelling Of An Integrated Multi-Energy System For A Nearly Zero Energy Smart District." In 2019 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccep.2019.8890129.

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Morbiducci, Renata. "Requalification European Projects of "Nearly Zero Energy Building" for Smart District and Cities." In The 3rd World Sustainability Forum. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wsf3-e004.

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Koutra, Sesil, Vincent Becue, Jean-Baptiste Griffon, and Christos Ioakeimidis. "Towards a Net-Zero Energy District Transformation in a Mono-criterion Scenario Analysis - The Case of Bo01, Malmö District." In 6th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006301901800187.

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Boyer, Jeffrey L., Mehdi Jalayerian, Andrew Silverstein, and Mohamad T. Araji. "Systems Integration for Cost Effective Carbon Neutral Buildings: A Masdar Headquarters Case Study." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90335.

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Essential to the development of a low carbon economy will be the advancement of building product and process to reduce the capital and whole lifecycle cost of low, zero and net-positive energy buildings to allow these structures to be realized at a greater rate. On the whole, the built environment is responsible for one of the largest fractions of global energy consumption and thus anthropomorphic climate change, a result of the greenhouse gas emissions from power generation. When one also considers the energy required to design, fabricate, transport and construct the materials necessary to bring new building stock online, keeping pace with the rapid trend towards urbanization, the importance of the built environment in the energy sustainability equation is clearly evident. Yet, while technologically feasible, the realization of carbon neutral buildings is encumbered by the perception of increased annualized costs for operation and a greater upfront investment. This paper will review the design case of the Masdar International Headquarters, the flagship building of the net-zero carbon emission Masdar city currently being developed within the Abu Dhabi Emirates. Specifically, how an integrated approach enabled by computer simulation early within the design process allowed for improvements in economy and efficiency, setting a model for future high performance buildings. The five-story, 89,040-square-meter office building will incorporate eleven sculpted glass environmental towers to promote natural ventilation and introduce daylight to the interior of the building. These towers will also serve as the structural support for one of the world’s largest building integrated photovoltaic arrays, sized to supply 103% of the building’s total annual energy requirements while protecting the building and roof garden from intense heat and solar gains. Moreover, by integration into a separate structural trellis system, clean energy can potentially be generated to offset construction requirements while dually shading workers below during the heat of the day. This, along with other key sustainability design strategies such as a solar powered central district cooling system, thermoactive foundation piling, underfloor air distribution, desiccant dehumidification, a nanotechnology enabled building envelope and smart grid enabled facilities management infrastructure will allow the Masdar Headquarters to reach carbon neutrality within a decade, allowing for the remaining century of its operation to serve as a platform for clean energy generation.

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Beaumont, E. Larry. "Next Generation Waste-to-Energy: Will There Be One?" In 12th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec12-2210.

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The market for new waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities in the United States has been extremely limited because the playing field has become uneven. The industry’s traditional playing field has been defined by economics on one end of the field and public perception on the other. However, a third, nearly impenetrable “red zone” has appeared, defined by government policy inconsistency. Examples include landfill gas being given tax credit status while WTE continues to be excluded; the removal of the moratorium on landfill capacity in Massachusetts while maintaining the moratorium on new WTE capacity; and DOE’s support of unproven gasification technologies without parallel support for optimizing long-proven WTE technologies. This record of inconsistency keeps WTE on the back porch of public perception and separated from political acceptance as an important renewable energy strategy. This paper challenges the WTE industry to collectively pursue a more aggressive stance with governments to prove that the playing field has become uneven and to shift public policy, including test program funding, as a means to level the playing field. Presented in the paper are overviews of EAC’s next-generation large-scale and small-scale resource recovery technologies, including patent-pending features for the achievement of zero disposal and zero pollutant emissions, all of which are based on practical answers to real-world problems and perceptions. The paper concludes that the WTE industry has accepted as conventional wisdom barriers that are not valid constraints to new project development. Examples of current conventional wisdom include the assumption that WTE facilities must always be sited away from commercial centers at the expense of thermal efficiencies offered by co-generation of electricity and district heating/cooling; WTE will always be landfill dependent at the expense of real consumer products from byproducts; and emissions will never be able to compete in the future because of certain pollutants. All of these barriers can be breached on an even playing field with creativity, cooperation, and credibility.

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Avsec, Jurij, Peter Virtic´, Tomazˇ Zˇagar, and Luka Sˇtrubelj. "Economy Analysis of Electricity Production From Hydrogen in Combination With Nuclear Power Plant." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55097.

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Efficient and sustainable methods of clean fuel and energy production are needed in all countries of the world in the face of depleting oil reserves and the need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Some countries are developing technologies that could be named zero carbon technologies. The presented article will show how hydrogen technologies could be implemented with renewable technologies and nuclear technology. Nuclear technology produce very cheap electricity and could produce also cheap energy like heat and vapour. This technology should be used in nuclear power plants to develop other products like hydrogen, biofuels or district heating. One of the biggest opportunities for nuclear energy technology is to produce hydrogen. Some countries like Canada and US are in preparation to build hydrogen villages. However, a key missing element is a large-scale method of hydrogen production [1–5]. As a carbon-based technology, the predominant existing process (steam-methane reforming (SMR)) is unsuitable. This paper focuses on a production of hydrogen in connection with a nuclear power plant. We will show the technologies which allow the coupling between a nuclear power plant and hydrogen technologies.

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Zakin, Jacques L., Yunying Qi, and Ying Zhang. "Recent Experimental Results on Surfactant Drag Reduction." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45654.

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Certain surfactant solutions are drag reducing in turbulent shear flows. Because they “self-repair” after mechanical degradation, they are very attractive for reducing pumping energy losses in recirculating water applications such as district heating and cooling systems. Some surfactant systems reduce drag below the Virk limiting drag reduction asymptote for high polymers. The surfactant asymptote is 40% below that for polymers and the limiting velocity profile slope for highly drag reducing surfactant systems is about twice that for polymers. Like polymers, surfactants show low turbulence intensities normal to the wall and may exhibit zero Reynolds stresses requiring the postulation of an “elastic” stress to satisfy the total stress balance. The influences of counterion chemical structure and shear on microstructures, rheology and therefore drag reduction of cationic surfactant solutions are also addressed. Viscoelasticity, high extensional/shear viscosity ratios and threadlike microstructures have been proposed as necessary physical criteria for surfactant drag reduction. Recently, however, several non-viscoelastic drag reducing surfactant solution systems (zero first normal stress differences, no recoil and no stress overshoot) have been reported. Most drag reducing surfactant solutions have extensional to shear viscosity ratios of 100 or more. However, two solutions with a low ratio in the shear/extensional rate range of 20∼1000 s−1 have been observed. The ratio tends to increase at higher extensional rates, however, so the second criterion may be valid. Finally, cryo-TEM images of some drag reducing surfactant micelle microstructures which lacked threadlike structures in the quiescent state have been observed. However, Zheng et al. [1] showed that vesicle microstructures in the quiescent state can change to threadlike micelles under shear, supporting the third criterion.

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Tomšič, Mihael Gabriel, and Olgica Perović. "Sizing of a Gas Turbine for Repowering of Cogeneration Power Plant Ljubljana by Mathematical Optimisation." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-423.

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The paper deals with optimal sizing of a gas turbine for repowering of cogeneration power plant Ljubljana considering possible plant operational strategy with respect to variations of electric and heat loads and energy costs. CHP plant is a main source for the Ljubljana town district heating system. Existing plant consists of two condensing steam turbines with steam extraction, back pressure turbine with steam extraction, auxiliary steam and hot water boilers for peak heat load production. This system delivers up to 111 MW into the power grid and up to 348 MW of heat. Repowering with gas turbine generator set with additionally fired heat recovery boiler is considered. For uncoupling heat and power generation a heat storage tank is assumed. For sizing of new equipment and plant operational strategy a model based on mixed-integer linear programming was developed. Zero - one integer variables are adopted to indicate the on/off status of operation, continuous variables to indicate the operational level of each constituent equipment and an optimal solution is derived by branch and bound method. Two prospective sizes of TG sets were tested for range of assumptions regarding power purchase tariff schedules. Different optimal operation policies resulted. The study provides background for contract negotiation and for investment decisions.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Zero-Energy District"

Schmidt, Ralf-Roman, Paolo Leoni, and Hamid Aghaie. The future of DH and the role of solar thermal energy. IEA SHC Task 55, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task55-2020-0007.

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Solar thermal (ST) energy is one of the few renewable heat sources that is available almost everywhere and can bring multiple benefits to district heating and cooling (DHC) networks (on an environmental and systemic level) with very low operation costs and risks. However, the current share of ST in DHC networks is almost zero on a global scale.

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Leoni, Paolo, Ralf-Roman Schmidt, Roman Geyer, and Patrick Reiter. SWOT analysis of ST integration in DHC systems. IEA SHC Task 55, February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task55-2020-0002.

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