Статті в журналах: "XRN-2"

1

Song, Weimeng, Yanjie Li, Yue Niu, You Wu, Yan Bao, and Xiang Yu. "Global Characterization of XRN 5′-3′ Exoribonucleases and Their Responses to Environmental Stresses in Plants." Diversity 13, no. 12 (November 24, 2021): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13120612.

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The XRN family of 5′-3′ Exoribonucleases is functionally conserved in eukaryotic organisms. However, the molecular evolution of XRN proteins in plants and their functions in plant response to environment stresses remain largely unexplored. In this study, we identified 23 XRN proteins in 6 representative plant species. Polygenetic analysis revealed that XRN2 was Arabidopsis-specific among these species, and additional branches outside the clades of XRN3 and XRN4 proteins, which we named as XRN5, were found in rice, maize, and soybean. However, XRN5 in soybean lost their entire 5′-3′ XRN Exoribonuclease domain. Protein conserved sequence analysis showed that XRN3/XRN2 contained potential bipartite nuclear-localization signals (NLS) while all the XRN4 proteins lost their second KR/RR motif of NLS, potentially leading to their cytoplasm localization. SIXRN3-2 contained one mutation in this second KR/RR motif, which may change their sub-cellular localization. The promoter cis-element analysis indicated that these XRN genes responded to multiple stresses and plant hormones diversely at transcriptional level. Finally, transcriptomic analysis suggested that OsXRN3 and ZmXRN3-1 were induced by low temperature, SIXRN4 and ZmXRN4 was inhibited by heat shock, and OsXRN5 and GmXRN5-2 were repressed by drought. However, in general, the expression patterns revealed the response diversity of XRNs to environment stimuli in different plant species. Taken together, this study characterized 23 XRNs with NLS variation that contributed to their sub-cellular localization and provided an overview of the XRNs response diversity to multiple environmental stresses, suggesting that XRNs could be used as potential gene editing candidates for precise stress-tolerant crop breeding.

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2

Nakatsuka, Toshinao. "The substability and ergodicity of complicated queueing systems." Journal of Applied Probability 23, no. 1 (March 1986): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3214128.

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The substability and the ergodicity of various queueing models are discussed. This paper considers the vector-valued queueing process Xrn = (xrn,1,xrn,2, · ··) with non-negative components and a constant initial value Xrr= a. For this, the substability is derived under simple conditions by showing the finiteness of With respect to the ergodicity, in order to make use of Borovkov's theorem, we additionally assume that the distribution of the interarrival of customers has non-bounded tail for any given past sequence.

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3

Liu, Yan, Wenrui Gao, Shuangyang Wu, Lu Lu, Yaqiu Chen, Junliang Guo, Shuzhen Men, and Xiaoming Zhang. "AtXRN4 Affects the Turnover of Chosen miRNA*s in Arabidopsis." Plants 9, no. 3 (March 13, 2020): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9030362.

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Small RNA (sRNA) turnover is a key but poorly understood mechanism that determines the homeostasis of sRNAs. Animal XRN genes contribute the degradation of sRNAs, AtXRN2 and AtXRN3 also contribute the pri-miRNA processing and miRNA loop degradation in plants. However, the possible functions of the plant XRN genes in sRNA degradation are far from known. Here, we find that AtXRN4 contributes the turnover of plant sRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana mainly by sRNA-seq, qRT-PCR and Northern blot. The mutation of AtXRN4 alters the sRNA profile and the accumulation of 21 nt sRNAs was increased. Some miRNA*s levels are significantly increased in xrn4 mutant plants. However, the accumulation of the primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) and miRNA precursors (pre-miRNAs) were generally unchanged in xrn4 mutant plants which indicates that AtXRN4 contributes the degradation of some miRNA*s. Moreover, AtXRN4 interacts with Arabidopsis Argonaute 2 (AtAGO2). This interaction takes place in Processing bodies (P-bodies). Taken together, our observations identified the interaction between XRN4 with AtAGO2 and suggested that plant XRN4 also contributes the turnover of sRNAs.

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4

Nakatsuka, Toshinao. "The substability and ergodicity of complicated queueing systems." Journal of Applied Probability 23, no. 01 (March 1986): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200106394.

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The substability and the ergodicity of various queueing models are discussed. This paper considers the vector-valued queueing processXrn= (xrn,1,xrn,2, · ··) with non-negative components and a constant initial valueXrr= a.For this, the substability is derived under simple conditions by showing the finiteness ofWith respect to the ergodicity, in order to make use of Borovkov's theorem, we additionally assume that the distribution of the interarrival of customers has non-bounded tail for any given past sequence.

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5

Reinhart, S. C., A. G. Norden, M. Lapsley, R. V. Thakker, J. Pang, A. M. Moses, P. A. Frymoyer, M. J. Favus, J. A. Hoepner, and S. J. Scheinman. "Characterization of carrier females and affected males with X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 5, no. 7 (January 1995): 1451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v571451.

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X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis (XRN) was described in a large kindred in which nephrolithiasis; proximal tubular dysfunction, proteinuria, nephrocalcinosis, and renal failure occur only in males. Carrier females are asymptomatic, but formal studies of them have not been done. The gene for XRN has been mapped to the pericentromeric region of the X chromosome, close to the loci for several eye disease genes. We studied six affected males, 13 carrier females, and 25 normal members of this family including 7 females whose genetic haplotype predicted them to be carriers. Studies were done in the Clinical Research Unit on a diet containing 400 mg of calcium and 2 g of sodium, and by an additional outpatient urine collection was obtained on a 1-g calcium intake. Hypercalciuria occurred in five of six affected males, 4 of 12 carrier females, and three of seven predicted carriers. Significant proteinuria was present in all affected males and in no other subjects. Low-molecular-weight proteinuria was present in all affected males: the excretion of alpha 1-microglobulin exceeded normal by 3- to 14-fold, of beta 2-microglobulin exceeded normal by 100- to 400-fold, and of retinol-binding protein exceeded normal by 1,000- to 3,000-fold. The excretion of these proteins was less strikingly elevated in carrier females, but the excretion of alpha 1-microglobulin was abnormal in 9 of 15 carriers, beta 2-microglobulin was abnormal in 12 of 15, and retinolbinding protein in was abnormal 12 of 13, and this pattern was similar in predicted carriers. The urinary concentrating ability was abnormal in four affected males with renal insufficiency but normal in all other subjects. Urinary wasting of potassium, phosphorous, and glucose occurred infrequently, and no subject was hypouricemic. Formal ophthalmologic studies were normal in five affected males. Thus, the most consistent urinary abnormalities in XRN are hypercalciuria and low-molecular-weight proteinuria, the latter of which appears to be a marker for the carrier state.

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6

Mattout, Anna, Dimos Gaidatzis, Jan Padeken, Christoph D. Schmid, Florian Aeschimann, Véronique Kalck, and Susan M. Gasser. "LSM2-8 and XRN-2 contribute to the silencing of H3K27me3-marked genes through targeted RNA decay." Nature Cell Biology 22, no. 5 (April 6, 2020): 579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41556-020-0504-1.

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7

Alemany, Pere, and Santiago Alvarez. "Bonding and structure in L4M2(.mu.-XRn)2 diamonds of tetrahedral d10 ions. Effect of substituents on the M- -M interaction." Inorganic Chemistry 31, no. 21 (October 1992): 4266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00047a012.

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8

Meijer, Hedda A., Ewan M. Smith, and Martin Bushell. "Regulation of miRNA strand selection: follow the leader?" Biochemical Society Transactions 42, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 1135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20140142.

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miRNA strand selection is the process that determines which of the two strands in a miRNA duplex becomes the active strand that is incorporated into the RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) (named the guide strand, leading strand or miR) and which one gets degraded (the passenger strand or miR*). Thermodynamic features of the duplex appear to play an important role in this decision; the strand with the weakest binding at its 5′-end is more likely to become the guide strand. Other key characteristics of human miRNA guide strands are a U-bias at the 5′-end and an excess of purines, whereas the passenger strands have a C-bias at the 5′-end and an excess of pyrimidines. Several proteins are known to play a role in strand selection [Ago (Argonaute), DICER, TRBP (trans-activation response RNA-binding protein), PACT (protein activator of dsRNA-dependent protein kinase) and Xrn-1/2]; however, the mechanisms by which these proteins act are largely unknown. For several miRNAs the miR/miR* ratio varies dependent on cell type, developmental stage and in different disease states, suggesting that strand selection is a tightly controlled process. The present review discusses our current knowledge regarding the factors and processes involved in strand selection and the many questions that still remain.

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9

Kozlov, A. S., P. S. Chizhov, and V. A. Filichkina. "COMBINED XRD-XRF METHOD OF Fe²⁺ DETERMINATION OF IN SINTERS." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 83, no. 12 (January 1, 2017): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2017-83-12-5-11.

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10

Abaturov, A. E., and V. L. Babуch. "Regulation of miRNA content. Part 2. Degradation of miRNAs." CHILD`S HEALTH 16, no. 5 (September 16, 2021): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.16.5.2021.239719.

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The scientific review presents the process of regulation of microRNA content — microRNA degradation. To write the article, information was searched using databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka. The article presents the characteristics of the most important process of RNA metabolism — degradation of 3'→5' RNA. Degradation of microRNA is inherent in organisms of all kingdoms of life and is involved in the regulation of RNA representation, elimination of dysfunctional or incorrectly constructed RNA molecules and processing of RNA precursors. Exoribonucleases that affect the stability of mature forms of miRNA are presented. It is emphasized that XRN exoribonucleases degrade various RNA substrates during total RNA degradation and are involved in specific processes such as nonsense-mediated degradation, gene silencing, rRNA maturation, and transcription termination. It is shown that exoribonuclease XRN2 plays a crucial role in the termination of transcription during viral infection, namely it has cytoplasmic antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus. The role of RNA-degrading exosome in microRNA degradation is presented. RNA-degrading exosome is a ubiquitous complex and 3'-5'-endo- and exoribonucleases of eukaryotes, which interacts with several processing cofactors and degrades almost all classes of cytoplasmic RNA. The article reflects the function of evolutionarily conserved phosphorolytic 3'-5'-exoribonuclease — polynucleotide phosphorylase. The role of exoribonuclease 1, which is an evolutionarily conserved 3'-5'-exoribonuclease of the DEDDh family, is involved in the final processing of 5.8S rRNA, replication-dependent histone mRNA, siRNA, and miRNA. Eri1 exoribonuclease has been shown to regulate global microRNA homeostasis in lymphocytes and to participate in NK cell development and antiviral response. Thus, one of the mechanisms of regulation of miRNA content is the most important process of RNA metabolism, which is inherent in organisms of all kingdoms of life, namely the degradation of miRNAs.

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11

PERDIGÃO, Jorge, Ana M. PINTO, Regina C. C. MONTEIRO, Francisco M. BRAZ FERNANDES, Pedro LARANJEIRA, and João P. VEIGA. "Degradation of dental ZrO₂-based materials after hydrothermal fatigue. Part I: XRD, XRF, and FESEM analyses." Dental Materials Journal 31, no. 2 (2012): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2011-216.

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12

Jamal, Tahir. "Fabrication and Characterization of Antimony doped Iron oxide Nanoparticles." Volume 21, Issue 1 21, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52584/qrj.2101.08.

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Antimony oxide (Sb2O3) and Antimony-doped iron oxide (Sb-Fe2O3) nanomaterials of different (2 &3 %) concentrations were fabricated by wet synthesis technique and characterized by FTIR, XRD and XRF techniques, respectively. X-RD results showed uniform Iron oxide nanocrystals of almost 15 nm, whereas FTIR and XRF were employed to detect elemental composition of Antimony in doped (Sb-Fe2O3) samples.

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13

Klemkaite, Kristina, Igoris Prosycevas, Ricardas Taraskevicius, Alexander Khinsky, and Aivaras Kareiva. "Synthesis and characterization of layered double hydroxides with different cations (Mg, Co, Ni, Al), decomposition and reformation of mixed metal oxides to layered structures." Open Chemistry 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-011-0007-9.

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AbstractThree layered double hydroxides (LDH) [Mg1−xAlx(OH)2]x+(Am−)x/m]·nH2O and [MII 1−xMIII x (OH)2]x+(Am−)x/m]·nH2O (MII — Mg, Co, Ni; MIII — Al; A — CO3 2−) were successfully synthesized by the low supersaturation method. The as-synthesized LDH samples were thermally decomposed and the derived mixed metal oxides reformed back to layered structures in water and magnesium nitrate media at different temperatures. All synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of XRD and XRF analyses showed that single-phase layered double hydroxides were formed during synthesis and reformation. It was demonstrated, that a partially substituted by cobalt and nickel LDH samples also show memory effect. The crystallite size of regenerated LDH depends on the regeneration media, temperature and chemical composition. The LDH samples after regeneration consist of large particles with sharp edges along with a large amount of smaller particles

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14

Shirron, P. J., M. J. DiPirro, J. Panek, R. Kelley, K. Mitsuda, R. Fujimoto, M. Hirabayashi, and D. McCammon. "The Astro-E2/XRS-2 helium insert system." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 559, no. 2 (April 2006): 666–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2005.12.098.

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15

PERDIGÃO, Jorge, Ana M. PINTO, Regina C. C. MONTEIRO, Francisco M. BRAZ FERNANDES, Pedro LARANJEIRA, and João P. VEIGA. "Erratum to: Degradation of dental ZrO₂-based materials after hydrothermal fatigue. Part I: XRD, XRF, and FESEM analyses [Dental Materials Journal 2012; 31(2): 256–265]." Dental Materials Journal 31, no. 3 (2012): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2011-216-e.

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16

Munawaroh, Fatimatul, Laila Khamsatul Muharrami, Triwikantoro Triwikantoro, and Zaenal Arifin. "CALCIUM OXIDE CHARACTERISTICS PREPARED FROM AMBUNTEN’S CALCINED LIMESTONE." Jurnal Pena Sains 5, no. 1 (May 2, 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/jps.v5i1.3836.

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<pre>Calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) are widely used in industry. CaO and CaCO3 can be synthesized or derived from limestone. The purpose of this study to determine the characteristics of CaO calcined limestone from Ambunten Sumenep. Lime in calcined at 850 ° C for 6 hours. Characterization of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was conducted to determine the chemical composition of limestone, X-ray diffraction test (XRD) to find the lime crystalline phase and FTIR test to determine the absorption of wave number. XRF test results showed that the limestone chemical composition consisted of Ca of 95.37% as the dominant element, Mg of 4.1%, Fe 0.17% and Y by 0.39%. The XRD test results showed that the limestone crystal phase is ankerite (Ca [Fe, Mg] [CO3] 2) and after the calcined phase calcination is vaterite (Ca [OH] 2), calcite (CaO) and calcite (CaCO3). While the FTIR test results show that the CaO spectra are seen at 3741.24, 1417.12 and 874.14 cm</pre>-1<pre>.</pre>

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17

Bukit, Nurdin, Eva M. Ginting, Eveb A. Hutagalung, Elfariska Sidebang, Erna Frida, and Bunga F. Bukit. "Preparation and characterization of oil palm ash from boiler to nanoparticle." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 58, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2019-0023.

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Abstract This study aims to determine the characteristics of oil palm boiler ash (OPBA) after processing with ball mill and coprecipitation methods. The method used is OPBA from a palm oil mill, processed using a ball mill for 1 hour at a speed of 250 rpm. Then prepared with the coprecipitation method by dissolving it in 2M HCl solution and NaOH solution with variations (2; 2.5; 3) M. Particles were characterized by XRD, SEM, XRF, and FTIR. XRD characterization shows the size of each crystal (83,79; 72,30 and 56,31) nm, with trigonal crystal structure with the SiO2 phase. SEM shows a homogeneous mixture. EDX shows the biggest elements are Si, O and C content. XRF shows the amount of silica is 31.45%. FTIR shows absorption peaks which are the characters of molecular vibrations of the sample.

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18

Arboleda, Johana, and Adriana Echavarría. "X-ray powder diffraction data for two new compounds (NH4)1.5Ni2V2O7(OH)1.5 · H2O and (NH4)1.5Cu1.125Ni1.125V2O7(OH)2 · H2O." Powder Diffraction 26, S1 (December 2011): S51—S54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.3660817.

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Two new bimetallic and trimetallic compounds (NH4)1.5Ni2V2O7(OH)1.5 · H2O and (NH4)1.5Cu1.125 Ni1.125V2O7(OH)2 · H2O were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-Ray fluorescence (XRF). Crystallographic studies showed that both compounds are hexagonal with space group P-62c.

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19

Ruckenstein, Eli, and Sanjeev Narain. "Preparation of xrd single-phase thallium 2-1-2-2 and 2-2-2-3 compounds by a two-step heating method." Materials Letters 8, no. 10 (October 1989): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-577x(89)90065-7.

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20

Cao Qing-Qi, Wu Jian, Gu Kun-Ming, Tang Tao, Zhang Shi-Yuan, and Du You-Wei. "Magnetostriction in (La1-xRx)2/3Sr1/3MnO3 at Room Temperature." Acta Physica Sinica 48, no. 13 (1999): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.48.268.

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21

Tiwari, M. K., S. R. Kane, A. K. Sinha, C. K. Garg, A. K. Singh, P. Gupta, S. R. Garg, G. S. Lodha, and S. K. Deb. "A microprobe-XRF Beamline on Indus-2 Synchrotron Light Source." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 425, no. 7 (March 22, 2013): 072020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/425/7/072020.

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22

Arimoto, Makoto, Nobuyuki Kawai, Motoko Suzuki, Rie Sato, Nicolas Vasquez Pazmino, Takashi Shimokawabe, Takuto Ishimura, et al. "HETE-2 Observations of the X-Ray Flash XRF 040916." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 59, no. 3 (June 25, 2007): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pasj/59.3.695.

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23

Tyagi, A. K., and M. D. Mathews. "Thermal expansion of ThO2–2 wt% UO2 by HT-XRD." Journal of Nuclear Materials 278, no. 1 (February 2000): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3115(99)00277-9.

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24

Skinner, G. K., P. K. S. Harper, J. R. H. Herring, and B. D. Ramsey. "The spacelab 2 XRT xenon-filled position-sensitive proportional counters." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 273, no. 2-3 (December 1988): 682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(88)90079-4.

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25

Joni, Idon, and Sandy Vikki Ariyanto. "IDENTIFICATION OF ROCK CHARACTERISTICS USING XRF, XRD, AND SEM TESTS ON API ALAM IN PAMEKASAN." Indonesian Physical Review 5, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/ipr.v5i2.138.

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Research has been conducted into the nature of geothermal rocks in Pamekasan. This place is located in Tlanakan Pamekasan. This study aims to determine the composition of mineral compounds in the soil so that fire can burst out from the soil and the soil does not melt. Three steps can be done with simple refinement and filtering methods, namely X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results of XRF analysis show the element of Api Alam 1 is Ca 66.2%, Api Alam 2 is Si 37.4%, and in hot springs, is Si 39.6%. The XRD results show that mineral qualitatively in Api Alam 1 was in the form of CaCO3 compound at 60.1% and SiO2 at 39.9%, while in Api Alam 2, hot water sources were in the form of SiO2 compound (>90%). SEM Results on Api Alam 1 show that the sample is almost homogeneous (the distribution of CaCO3 and SiO2 is uneven), the presence of slab-shaped clumps that identify the presence of varying grain size, and with high porosity, which indicates that the sample is partially amorphous in structure, in Api Alam 2. The Hot springs show irregular aggregations and poor homogeneity of the sample. The size of the three samples is ten μm or 10.000 nm, while PSA results showed an average size of Api Alam 1 was 509.7 nm, Api Alam 2 was 891.3 nm, and Hot Springs was 468.3 nm.

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26

Beale, Andrew M., Simon D. M. Jacques, Marco Di Michiel, J. Frederick W. Mosselmans, Stephen W. T. Price, Pierre Senecal, Antonios Vamvakeros, and James Paterson. "X-ray physico-chemical imaging during activation of cobalt-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2110 (November 27, 2017): 20170057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0057.

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The imaging of catalysts and other functional materials under reaction conditions has advanced significantly in recent years. The combination of the computed tomography (CT) approach with methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) now enables local chemical and physical state information to be extracted from within the interiors of intact materials which are, by accident or design, inhomogeneous. In this work, we follow the phase evolution during the initial reduction step(s) to form Co metal, for Co-containing particles employed as Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts; firstly, working at small length scales (approx. micrometre spatial resolution), a combination of sample size and density allows for transmission of comparatively low energy signals enabling the recording of ‘multimodal’ tomography, i.e. simultaneous XRF–CT, XANES–CT and XRD–CT. Subsequently, we show high-energy XRD–CT can be employed to reveal extent of reduction and uniformity of crystallite size on millimetre-sized TiO 2 trilobes. In both studies, the CoO phase is seen to persist or else evolve under particular operating conditions and we speculate as to why this is observed. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Providing sustainable catalytic solutions for a rapidly changing world’.

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Buahombura, Panya, Anuthai Kareram, Waraporn Piyawit, and Sarum Boonmee. "Hydrometallurgical Process for Selective Extraction of Nd and Rare-Earth Metals from End-of-Life Hard Disk Drives NdFeB Magnet Scrap." Key Engineering Materials 845 (May 2020): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.845.81.

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This paper proposed a recycling process for neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnet scrap from the end-of-life (EOL) of hard disk drives by using hydrometallurgical process. Initial chemical composition of NdFeB magnet scrap was consisted of 25.37%Nd, 6.53%Pr, 0.90%Co, 3.63%B and 63.57%Fe. After de-magnetization and crushing into proper size, magnet scraps were directly leached by H2SO4 solution. More than 90% dissolved into acid solution with remaining small amount of residuals and Ni-coated metal. Neodymium precipitated from leached solution by pH-control to the optimum condition at pH 0.6 using NaOH solution. Solid Nd-precipitates XRD pattern was observed in form of NaNd (SO4)2.(H2O) and FeSO4.(H2O). Elemental analysis of Nd-precipitates by WD-XRF. The precipitates contained 26.50%Nd, 8.46%Pr and 1.19%Fe. In order to elimination of Fe, Nd-precipitates was leached by using H2SO4 solution to dissolve FeSO4.(H2O) into acid solution to obtain high concentration of Nd and rare-earth metals (REMs) compound. As a result, XRD pattern of Nd-compound after Fe-removal confirmed that the high purity NaNd (SO4)2.(H2O) compound was obtained. The final composition of precipitates analyzed by WD-XRF was 26.36%Nd, 8.13%Pr with Fe as low as 0.14%Fe.

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Choudhury, Anup, Jajneswar Nanda, and Sankar Narayan Das. "The effect of compaction pressure, sintering time, and temperature on the characterization of an aluminum/alumina composite with rising alumina proportions." Current Chemistry Letters 12, no. 2 (2023): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2022.12.008.

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The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of various process parameters such as compaction pressure, sintering temperature, and time on the physio-mechanical properties of a powder metallurgy-fabricated composite made of pure aluminium/alumina. Temperatures (580°C, 600°C, and 630°C), periods (1.5, 2, and 2.5 hr), compacting loads (30KN-65KN), and alumina percentages (2, 4, 6, and 8weight percent) are all considered. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) studies are carried out to determine the phases present and their proportions. Crystallite size study is performed using XRD data, and the Al+4 weight % alumina composite has the smallest size of any composite tested. For optimization, sintering density, porosity, and microhardness are calculated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to analyse the different microstructures. At 600°C, 2 hr of operating time, and 4weight% alumina additions, the highest sintering density and microhardness are found.

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Abi, Faustina De Yesu Prisila, Rachmat Triandi Tjahjanto, and Yuniar Ponco Prananto. "Leaching optimization of manganese ore from North Central Timor using H2O2 as a reducing agent." Indonesian Mining Journal 26, no. 1 (2023): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30556/imj.vol26.no1.2023.1301.

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Optimization of manganese ore leaching process from North Central Timor, Indonesia has been investigated. The final product of the leaching process was MnSO4. Variables that were optimized during the process were volume of H2O2, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The final products were characterized by FTIR, powder-XRD, XRF, and AAS. Experimental data shows that the optimum conditions for the leaching process were 50 mL H2SO4 4 M, 25 mL H2O2 2 M, in which the reaction was done at room temperature for two hours. This optimum condition resulting in 38.2% of Mn extraction with 96.88% purity. Based on powder-XRD, the products were a mixture of crystalline MnSO4.4H2O, MnSO4.5H2O and [NH4]8[Mn8(SO4)12].

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Pelita, Elda, Rita Youfa, Desniorita Desniorita, Anang Baharuddin Sahaq, Miftahurrahmah Miftahurrahmah, Resi Levi Permadani, and Jerry Jerry. "Effect of Dolomite Addition on The Performance of Palm Oil Mill Fly Ash for Methylene Blue Adsorption." IJCA (Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis) 6, no. 1 (March 16, 2023): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/ijca.vol6.iss1.art7.

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The use of palm oil mill fly ash (FA) as a low-cost adsorbent is one of the solutions for handling FA waste. In this study, the addition of dolomite is expected to improve the adsorbent performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the optimum FA-dolomite adsorbent composition and operating conditions for methylene blue adsorption. Different parameters were studied to optimize adsorption process such as the amount of dolomite, methylene blue flow rate, bed height and number of trays. FA-dolomite was converted into nano-adsorbent by sol-gel method which was coated on zeolite surface. Nano-adsorbents were characterized by XRF, FTIR, XRD and SEM. The adsorption capacity was tested by Spectrophotometer UV-Vis. XRF characterization showed that FA had the highest SiO2 content of 58.15%, while dolomite contained CaO of 52.72%. FTIR characterization detected the groups of Si-O-Si, Si-O-Al, Ca-O and Si-O. XRD characterization showed the average crystalline size of FA-dolomite 2% adsorbent was 28.56 nm and SEM characterization showed fine pores on the adsorbent surface. The highest adsorption efficiency obtained at FA-dolomite 2% was 97.364% and the lowest obtained at FA-dolomite 8% was 13.16% with a flow rate of 500 ml/h, adsorbent height of 9 cm and 3 trays. The greater the amount of dolomite added, the absorption efficiency decreases.

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I.Aziz, D. Gustama, T. Retnaningsih, N. Saridewi, L. Adhani, A.A. Dwiatmoko, and M. Ridwan. "SYNTHESIS OF NiCo/HIERARCHICAL ZEOLITE CATALYST FOR CATALYTIC CRACKING OF JATROPHA OIL." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry 15, no. 03 (2022): 2026–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2022.1537003.

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Research on a bimetallic NiCo catalyst synthesis was carried out using hierarchical zeolite support (NiCo/HZ). This study aims to determine the effect of the NiCo on characterization and catalyst activity in the catalytic cracking of jatropha oil. The catalyst was characterized using XRD, XRF, SAA, and NH3-TPD. Its catalytic activity was measured at 375 °C, with a catalyst concentration of 5% w/v for 2 hours. The liquid product was analyzed using GCMS. XRD spectrum of NiCo/HZ showed that the crystalline phase of Ni and Co has one peak at 2θ = 44.2° and 2θ = 44.6°, respectively. Generally, the impregnation of NiCo metals improves the catalyst characteristics, mainly the pore diameter and acidity. NiCo/HZ catalyst with a metal ratio of Ni and Co of 8:2 exhibits the best catalytic activity. It obtains a hydrocarbons yield of 77.45%, with a gasoline selectivity of 82.72%, kerosene of 4.09%, and diesel of 13.18%

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Sakizci, M., B. Erdoğan Alver, and E. Yörükoğullari. "SO2 adsorption on acid-treated bentonites from Turkey." Clay Minerals 46, no. 1 (March 2011): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2011.046.1.73.

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AbstractThe adsorption of sulphur dioxide (SO2) on two bentonites from Unye, Turkey (Kavaktepe and Yemişlitepe deposits – denoted below as BK and BY) and on forms treated with 1 and 2 M HCl solutions was investigated. The bentonite samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and nitrogen adsorption methods. Adsorption capacities of SO2 were obtained using a standard volumetric apparatus at 293 K and 106 kPa. The SO2 adsorption capacity of the BY-2 (1.263 mmol g–1) sample was much greater than the BK-2 (1.126 mmol g–1) sample. As the concentration of acid increased, the specific surface areas and the uptakes of SO2 gas increased.

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de Albuquerque Mendes, Milton Thélio, Francisco Xavier Nobre, and José Milton Elias de Matos. "Hybrids Obtained from Monoglyceride of Castor Oil with Hydroxyapatite for Applications in Bioinduction of Bone Tissue: Synthesis and Characterization." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.184.

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In this paper, we report the initial research to obtain hybrids (PU@Hap-1%, PU@Hap-2% and PU@Hap-3% compound by hydroxyapatite (Hap) synthesized by coprecipitation (CP) method, with monoglycerides (MG) of castor oil (Ricinus communis) polymerized with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). Hap, was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), RAMAN spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Hybrids, MG and castor oil, were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). XRD patterns and Rietveld refinement analysis confirmed that hexagonal phase for nanostructure for Hap, with average size particles D  12 nm, obtained by Scherrer equation and ration Ca/P = 2.13 (m/m) confirmed that XRF spectroscopy. FTIR and RAMAN spectra exhibited all active modes for vibrational stretches (1, 2, 3 and 4) of the phosphate groups () and vibrational modes of O-H bonds, present in the hexagonal structure for Hap in a ranger from 400 to 4000 cm-1 and 400 to 1100 cm-1, respectively. The conversion of castor oil (triglyceride) to MG, was monitored by FTIR spectroscopy, confirmed that increase of intensity active modes in 3317 cm-1 and 1741 cm-1, corresponding to the vibrations modes of O-H and C=O, respectively. Finally, we observed that all active modes in FTIR spectroscopy, corresponding to the hybrids: PU@Hap-1%, PU@Hap-2% and PU@Hap-3%, and Polyurethanes – PU (standard), confirmed the increase of intensity mode of the phosphate group with the increase of Hap in the polymerization of the mixture MG with HDI.

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YAMAMOTO, Takashi, and Akihito KURIMOTO. "Ga Ion-doped ZrO₂ Catalyst Characterized by XRD, XAFS, and 2-Butanol Decomposition." Analytical Sciences 36, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.19sap03.

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35

&NA;. "Metformin XR effective in type 2 diabetes." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1539 (May 2006): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200615390-00049.

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36

Penche, Guillermo, Juan R. González-Velasco, and M. Pilar González-Marcos. "Porous Hexacyanometallate(III) Complexes as Catalysts in the Ring-Opening Copolymerization of CO2 and Propylene Oxide." Catalysts 11, no. 12 (November 29, 2021): 1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11121450.

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In this work, six porous hexacyanometallate complexes (Ni3[Co(CN)6]2, Co3[Co(CN)6]2, Fe3[Co(CN)6]2, Ni3[Fe(CN)6]2, Co3[Fe(CN)6]2, Fe4[Fe(CN)6]2) were synthesized by a complexing agent assisted coprecipitation method and thoroughly characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD), elemental analysis (EA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 physisorption, and gas–solid phase titration with NH3. The thermal stability, chemical composition, pore size and volume, crystallite size and density of surface acid sites were strongly sensitive to both the transition metal and the cyanometallate anion employed. On that basis, transition metal hexacyanometallates must be perceived as an adaptable class of zeolite-like microporous materials. The catalytic properties of these compounds were tested by copolymerization of propylene oxide and CO2, a green route to obtain biodegradable aliphatic polycarbonates. All compounds under study showed moderate activity in the target reaction. The obtained copolymers were characterized by modest CO2 content (carbonate units ranging from 16 to 33%), random structure (RPEC ≈ 70%), and moderate molecular weight (Mw = 6000–85,400 g/mol) with broad dispersity values (ĐM = 4.1–15.8).

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Aguilar-Melo, Valentina, Alejandro Mitrani, Edgar Casanova-Gonzalez, Mayra D. Manrique-Ortega, Griselda Pérez-Ireta, José Luis Ruvalcaba-Sil, Alejandro Tovalin-Ahumada, Julia Leticia Moscoso-Rincón, Alejandro Sesheña-Hernández, and Josuhé Lozada-Toledo. "Molecular and X-ray Spectroscopies for Noninvasive Characterization of Mayan Green Stones from Bonampak, Chiapas." Applied Spectroscopy 73, no. 9 (July 15, 2019): 1074–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702819848478.

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A burial and a rich offering were found under Room 2 in the Murals Building, Bonampak, a Mayan archaeological site situated in Chiapas, Mexico. This burial may be related with the creation of the famous mural paintings. A rich set of jewelry made of green stones was among the different objects found. Green stones have great importance in Mesoamerican cultures, those composed of jadeite being the most appreciated. To characterize the green stones, different spectroscopic techniques were used in a complementary way: Raman and infrared spectroscopies (FT-IR) were used for global mineralogical analysis, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were applied simultaneously in situ on the artifacts that were not successfully identified by these molecular techniques. In addition, XRF was used to contrasts the elemental information from pieces composed of pyroxenes that may be related to the raw sources of jade in Guatemala. The main minerals identified within the beads and earrings were jadeite with omphacite and jadeite with albite; to a minor extent, quartz, and serpentine. In this paper, the main features of the molecular and X-ray techniques are compared in order to determine the advantages and limitations of these spectroscopies for mineral identification. With this combination of techniques, it was possible to undertake a suitable characterization of the analyzed objects. This paper focuses on the XRD–XRF combined analysis for in situ noninvasive characterization.

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Haryati, Endang, Khaerian Dahlan, and Shabri Putra Wirman. "KARAKTERISASI DAN SIFAT KEMAGNETAN PASIR BESI EKSTRAKSI ASAL PANTAI BETAF SARMI, PAPUA." Photon: Jurnal Sain dan Kesehatan 9, no. 2 (July 2, 2019): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jp.v9i2.1201.

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Characterization and magnetic behavior test of extracted iron sand from Betaf beach of Sarmi Papua was studied. The purpose of the recearch was to determine minerals content, phase of iron compound, and magnetic behavior of extracted iron sand from Betaf beach of Sarmi Papua were caculate using XRF, XRD and VSM. The result showed that extrated iron sand was contained 43,81% of Iron (Fe), 25,75% of Silika (Si) and 30,44 % others. The XRD pattern showed that the highest peak was magnetite (Fe3O4) at 2= 35,65o. The histerisis curve of VSM showed that extracted iron sand from Betaf beach of Sarmi Papua was superparamagnetic material where maximum saturation magnetization (Ms) value of 4,54 emu/gr, remanen magnetization (Mr) value of 0,371 emu/gr and coercivity field (Hc) value of 208 Oe.

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Falkenberg, Gerald, Frank Seiboth, Frieder Koch, Ken Vidar Falch, Andreas Schropp, Dennis Brückner, and Jan Garrevoet. "CRL optics and silicon drift detector for P06 Microprobe experiments at 35 keV." Powder Diffraction 35, S1 (August 5, 2020): S34—S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715620000536.

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A provisional setup for X-ray microprobe experiments at 35 keV is described. It is based on compound refractive lenses (CRLs) for nanofocusing and a Vortex silicon drift detector with 2 mm sensor thickness for increased sensitivity at high energies. The Microprobe experiment (PETRA III) generally uses Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors for submicrometer focusing in the energy range of 5–21 keV. However, various types of scanning X-ray microscopy experiments require higher excitation energies. The CRL optics were characterized by X-ray ptychography and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) knife edge scans on a siemens star pattern and showed beam sizes down to 110 nm. The performance of the new setup for microscopic X-ray diffraction (XRD)–XRF scanning X-ray microscopy measurements at 35 keV is demonstrated on a cross-section of a painting fragment.

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Mamudu, Angela, Moses Emetere, Felix Ishola, and Dorcas Lawal. "The Production of Zeolite Y Catalyst From Palm Kernel Shell for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021 (March 30, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8871228.

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Exorbitant costs of fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) catalysts coupled with their ever-increasing demand have led researchers to develop alternative materials from indigenous sources. In this study, the zeolite Y component of the FCCU catalyst was synthesized from palm kernel shells. Leaching was carried out with the aid of citric acid to remove impurities. The synthesis process was done using alkaline hydrothermal treatment while varying reagent concentration and reaction time. The resultant products were characterized using XRF, XRD, FTIR, BET, and SEM analysis. The XRD and XRF showed a high silicate content level, while an 85% reduction in iron oxide impurities was observed after leaching. The process carried out at a duration of 9 hours, a temperature of 80°C with a NaOH molarity strength of 2 mol/L, had the highest SiO2 and Si/Al ratio value. A spongy, porous zeolite crystal was formed with the presence of hydroxyls in its sodalite cage. All samples had a combination of types II & I adsorption isotherms, Si/Al ratio of 2–5, and specific surface area within 80–260 m2/g, which indicates the presence of intermediate mesostructured Zeolite Y catalyst. Synthesized zeolite Y showed a more significant gap in its structural formation as the addition of NaOH decreased the grain size by 14.3%. FTIR highlighted the significant functional groups present in the novel compound, which, when compared to previous works, proves its suitability.

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Alfiyani, Hani, Nurlina Nurlina, and Nelly Wahyuni. "Adsorpsi Anilin oleh Karbon Aktif Magnetik Cangkang Kelapa Sawit." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 18, no. 2 (September 4, 2022): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.18.2.53647.130-139.

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Karbon aktif merupakan salah satu adsorben yang dapat dikompositkan dengan besi oksida menjadi karbon aktif magnetik (KAM) sehingga mempermudah proses pemisahannya dari dalam larutan. Penelitian ini menjelaskan kinerja KAM dalam mengadsorpsi anilin dengan menentukan isoterm dan kinetika adsorpsinya serta efektifitas sifat magnet dalam pemisahan KAM. Karbon aktif magnetik dibuat dari cangkang kelapa sawit dikarbonisasi (300 ºC, 2 jam), diaktivasi fisika (600 ºC, 30 menit), dan dilanjutkan aktivasi kimia (ZnCl2 0,05 M). Karbon aktif magnetik dibuat dengan mencampurkan karbon aktif dan larutan Fe(III)/Fe(II) (rasio mol 2:1). Pengukuran daya serap adsorpsi menggunakan variasi konsentrasi anilin (25, 50, 75, 100, dan 125 ppm) dan waktu kontak (60, 120, 180, 240, dan 300 menit). Adsorben KAM dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer infra merah (FTIR), difraktometer sinar-X (XRD), fluoresensi sinar-X (XRF), Surface Area Analysis (SAA) dan konsentrasi anilin diukur dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan munculnya serapan Fe-O pada bilangan gelombang 580,32 cm-1 yang mengindikasikan adanya besi oksida pada KAM. Difraktogram XRD menunjukkan puncak pada 2θ 18,39º; 34,09º; 34,82º; 35,03º; dan 35,87º dari magnetit Fe3O4, puncak 2θ 32,83º; 35,77º; dan 38,18º dari hematit. Hasil SAA menunjukkan luas permukaan KAM 179,40 m2/g, diameter rata-rata pori 24,95 Å dan XRF menunjukkan adanya kandungan Fe2O3 pada KAMsebesar 76,316%. Kapasitas adsorpsi optimum diperoleh pada konsentrasi anilin 100 ppm dengan waktu kontak selama 240 menit sebesar 86,254 mg/g. Kinetika adsorpsi sesuai dengan model pseudo-orde dua (R2 sebesar 0,9934) dengan konstanta kinetika 0,0073 g/(mg.menit).Aniline Adsorption by Oil Palm Shell Magnetic Activated Carbon. Activated carbon is one of the adsorbents that can be composted with iron oxide into magnetic activated carbon (KAM), making it easier to separate from the waste solution. This research investigated the KAM's performance in absorbing aniline by determining its adsorption isotherms and kinetics as well as the effectiveness of magnetic properties in KAM separation. Magnetic activated carbon was produced by oil palm shells carbonization at (300 ºC, 2 hours), followed by physical activation (600 ºC, 30 minutes), and continued by chemical activation (ZnCl2 0.05 M). Magnetic activated carbon was made by mixing activated carbon and Fe(III)/Fe(II) solution (mole ratio 2:1). Adsorption measurements use variations in aniline concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 ppm) and contact times (60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 minutes). KAM adsorbents were characterized using infrared spectrophotometers (FTIR), X-ray diffractometers (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and surface area analysis (SAA). Meanwhile, the adsorbed aniline concentrations were measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometers. The results of the FTIR analysis showed the appearance of Fe–O absorption in wavenumbers 580.32 cm-1 indicating the presence of iron oxide in KAM. XRD diffractogram shows peaks at 2θ 18.39º; 34.09º; 34.82º; 35.03º; and 35.87º of Fe3O4 magnetite, and peaks 2θ 32.83º; 35.77º; and 38.18º from hematite. SAA results showed a surface area of KAM of 179.40 m2/g and an average pore diameter of 24.95 Å. XRF showed the presence of Fe2O3 content in KAM of 76.316%. An optimum adsorption capacity of 86.254 mg/g was obtained at an aniline concentration of 100 ppm with a contact time of 240 minutes. Adsorption kinetics correspond to the second-order pseudo-model (R2 of 0.9934) with a kinetic constant of 0.0073 g/(mg.min).

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Chidan Kumar, C. S., Hoong Kun Fun, Mahir Tursun, Chin Wei Ooi, Siddegowda Chandraju, Ching Kheng Quah, and Cemal Parlak. "Synthesis, molecular structure, FT-IR and XRD investigations of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl 2-chlorobenzoate: A comparative DFT study." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 124 (April 2014): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.01.063.

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Kamboj, Vishal, and D. P. Tiwari. "Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions (Cr3+ and Cu2+) from Aqueous Solution using HCl Modified Water Hyacinth as Low-Cost Bioadsorbent." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 10 (2022): 2732–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23914.

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In present study, the HCl modified water hyacinth (WH) dried powder as bioadsorbent is utilized for removing heavy metal Cr3+ and Cu2+ ions from the aqueous solutions. Different techniques were applied for testing the adsorbent properties of the prepared bioadsorbent such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this study, the prepared bioadsorbent was evaluated for five different metal inlet concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 mg/L) and 30-120 min time period. The batch adsorption study findings indicated that the maximum metal removal percentage (sorption percentage) was observed at 0.5 mg/L concentration and 120 min. In addition, the batch experiment observations also revealed that the Cr3+ adsorption capacity is higher than Cu2+ (removal% for Cr3+ is 94.75%, while for Cu2+ is 91.10%) at 120 min and 0.5 mg/L inlet concentration. This greater adsorption capabilities of heavy metals removal were due to the uniform dispersion of the various elements (Cl, K, Ca, Na, P, S, Si and Mg) confirmed by SEM-EDS as well as XRF and the retained basic cellulosic structure of water hyacinth confirmed by XRD studies even after using HCl acid.

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Hendronursito, Yusup, Muhammad Amin, Slamet Sumardi, Roniyus Marjunus, Frista Clarasati, David Candra Birawidha, Muhammad Al Muttaqqi, and Kusno Isnugroho. "Processing of granite quarry solid waste into industrial high silica materials using leaching process with HCl concentration variation." Jurnal Riset Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri 11, no. 2 (November 19, 2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21771/jrtppi.2020.v11.no2.p43-50.

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This study was aimed to increase granite's silica content using the leaching process with HCl concentration variation. The granite used in this study came from Lematang, South Lampung. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in HCl concentration, particle size, and rotational speed on the crystalline phase and chemical elements formed in the silica product produced from granite. The HCl concentration variations were 6.0 M, 7.2 M, 8.4 M, and 9.6 M, the variation in particle size used was 270 and 400 mesh. Variations in rotational speed during leaching were 500 and 750 rpm. Granite powder was calcined at 1000 ºC for 2 hours. Characterization was performed using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP- OES). The results showed that the silica content increased with increasing HCl concentration, the finer the particle size, and the higher the rotational speed. XRF analysis showed that the silica with the highest purity was leached with 9.6 HCl with a particle size of 400 mesh and a rotational speed of of 750 rpm, which was 73.49%. Based on the results above, by leaching using HCl, the Si content can increase from before. The XRD diffractogram showed that the granite powder formed the Quartz phase.

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Mohd Ibrahim, Rahizana, Markom Masturah, and Huda Abdullah. "Synthesis of Fe²⁺ Ion Doped ZnS Nanoparticles." Advanced Materials Research 879 (January 2014): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.879.155.

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Nanoparticles of Zn1-xFexS ( x=0.0,0.1,0.2 and 0.3) were prepared by chemical co-precipitation method from homogenous solution of zinc and ferum salt at room temperature with controlled parameter. These nanoparticles were sterically stabilized using Sodium Hexamethaphospate (SHMP). Here, a study of the effect of Fe doping on structure, morphological and optical properties of nanoparticles was undertaken. Elemental analysis, morphological and optical properties have been investigated by Fourier-Transform-Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Field Emmision Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and UV-Visible Spectroscopy. FTIR measurement confirmed the presence of SHMP in the nanoparticles structure with the FESEM images depicting considerable less agglomeration of particles with the presence of SHMP. While XRF results confirm the presence of Fe2+ ion as prepared in the experiment. The particles sizes of the nanoparticles lay in the range of 2-10 nm obtained from the TEM image were in agreement with the XRD results. The absorption edge shifted to lower wavelengths with an increase in Fe concentration shown in the UV-Vis spectroscopy. The band gap energy value was in the range of 4.95 5.15 eV. The blueshift is attributed to the quantum confinement effect.

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Omar, Halo Dalshad. "The Analysis of Copper-Iron Metallic Mixture by Means of XRD and XRF." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 64 (February 2016): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.64.130.

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The objective of the paper has been given on observations based on studies of the three samples of copper-iron (Cu-Fe) alloy have been prepared from 3gm mass of copper of 99.9 % purity powder and adding 1gm weight of iron powder and adding 1.5gm weight of iron powder. A discussion about simple and low cost preparation of Cu-Fe alloy by Mini Mill 2 Panalytical and preparation of the sample was rotating at 10 min and in case of grinding samples at high speed 300 rpm. Herzog press Panalytical used to produce pressed powder Cu-Fe alloy. The characters of Cu-Fe particles are depending on their size, shape and chemical surroundings. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) (Model: Panalytical Empyrean) study is most important tool used in powder materials science. For studied three samples the value of (111) plane has the highest value compared to other planes. The spectra obtained were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (Model: Rigaku-NEX CG). From the spectra obtained, there were some elements to be present in the sample were Cu-Fe. The intensity of Cu pure is larger than impurity copper samples analysis by XRD and XRF. Also impurity affects the intensity, (2θ) position and shape of the X-ray spectra.

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47

Omar, Halo Dalshad. "The Analysis of Copper-Iron Metallic Mixture by Means of XRD and XRF." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 64 (February 15, 2016): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-tj32k9.

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The objective of the paper has been given on observations based on studies of the three samples of copper-iron (Cu-Fe) alloy have been prepared from 3gm mass of copper of 99.9 % purity powder and adding 1gm weight of iron powder and adding 1.5gm weight of iron powder. A discussion about simple and low cost preparation of Cu-Fe alloy by Mini Mill 2 Panalytical and preparation of the sample was rotating at 10 min and in case of grinding samples at high speed 300 rpm. Herzog press Panalytical used to produce pressed powder Cu-Fe alloy. The characters of Cu-Fe particles are depending on their size, shape and chemical surroundings. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) (Model: Panalytical Empyrean) study is most important tool used in powder materials science. For studied three samples the value of (111) plane has the highest value compared to other planes. The spectra obtained were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (Model: Rigaku-NEX CG). From the spectra obtained, there were some elements to be present in the sample were Cu-Fe. The intensity of Cu pure is larger than impurity copper samples analysis by XRD and XRF. Also impurity affects the intensity, (2θ) position and shape of the X-ray spectra.

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NISHIMOTO, Yuko, Yoichi KANEKI, and Akira KISHI. "Simultaneous XRD-DSC Measurements of Water-2-Propanol at Sub-Zero Temperatures." Analytical Sciences 20, no. 7 (2004): 1079–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.20.1079.

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49

Garaev, V., S. Pavlovica, I. Reinholds, and G. Vaivars. "Mechanical properties and XRD of Nafion modified by 2-hydroxyethylammonium ionic liquids." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 49 (December 13, 2013): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/49/1/012058.

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50

Crundwell, Guy A., Brett A. Cowans, Jeffrey A. Hopkins, John B. Grutzner, and Bart Kahr. "Vegard's Rule Revisited in BaxPb1−x(NO3)2 by NMR and XRD." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 145, no. 1 (June 1999): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jssc.1999.8288.

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