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1
Raza, Zahid, and Nupur Jangu. "Workload Classification." International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssoe.297135.
Анотація:
Traditional cloud-only architecture faces the challenge of coexistence with the ever-increasing IoT devices and demands for the need of the hybrid cloud computing and fog/IoT architecture to realize better handling of workload/requests. Determining where the user-workload should be assigned depends on the workload itself, and thereby, the workload classification gains the pivotal role. This location and offloading decision to the right resource affects both users and the providers. This work describes various cloud-fog workloads and relates them to their suitable place of execution in such a hybrid environment. The workloads have been classified based on their different parameters and characteristics with the aim to identify appropriate resources for efficient resource provisioning. The workload classification and characterization promises a significant role in the resource management by efficient capacity planning, future resource requirement predictions, workload offloading and an improvement in the Quality of Service (QoS) leading to an improvement in the system performance.
2
Malone, Shane, Mark Roe, Dominic A. Doran, Tim J. Gabbett, and Kieran D. Collins. "Protection Against Spikes in Workload With Aerobic Fitness and Playing Experience: The Role of the Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio on Injury Risk in Elite Gaelic Football." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 3 (March 2017): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0090.
Анотація:
Purpose:To examine the association between combined session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) workload measures and injury risk in elite Gaelic footballers.Methods:Thirty-seven elite Gaelic footballers (mean ± SD age 24.2 ± 2.9 y) from 1 elite squad were involved in a single-season study. Weekly workload (session RPE multiplied by duration) and all time-loss injuries (including subsequent-wk injuries) were recorded during the period. Rolling weekly sums and wk-to-wk changes in workload were measured, enabling the calculation of the acute:chronic workload ratio by dividing acute workload (ie, 1-weekly workload) by chronic workload (ie, rolling-average 4-weekly workload). Workload measures were then modeled against data for all injuries sustained using a logistic-regression model. Odds ratios (ORs) were reported against a reference group.Results:High 1-weekly workloads (≥2770 arbitrary units [AU], OR = 1.63–6.75) were associated with significantly higher risk of injury than in a low-training-load reference group (<1250 AU). When exposed to spikes in workload (acute:chronic workload ratio >1.5), players with 1 y experience had a higher risk of injury (OR = 2.22) and players with 2–3 (OR = 0.20) and 4–6 y (OR = 0.24) of experience had a lower risk of injury. Players with poorer aerobic fitness (estimated from a 1-km time trial) had a higher injury risk than those with higher aerobic fitness (OR = 1.50–2.50). An acute:chronic workload ratio of (≥2.0) demonstrated the greatest risk of injury.Conclusions:These findings highlight an increased risk of injury for elite Gaelic football players with high (>2.0) acute:chronic workload ratios and high weekly workloads. A high aerobic capacity and playing experience appears to offer injury protection against rapid changes in workload and high acute:chronic workload ratios. Moderate workloads, coupled with moderate to high changes in the acute:chronic workload ratio, appear to be protective for Gaelic football players.
3
Simmons, Nadine C., and Suzanne S. Kuys. "Trial of an allied health workload allocation model." Australian Health Review 35, no. 2 (2011): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09860.
Анотація:
Allied health (AH) managers need to be able to quantify workloads to effectively manage the increasing demands on the health system. Workload allocation models provide a means of monitoring, evaluating and determining manageable workloads. This allows managers to ensure equitable distribution of duties and maximise the existing AH workforce output, which will lead to more efficient health service delivery and better patient outcomes. The purpose of this study was to develop and trial an AH workload allocation model incorporating the National Allied Health Casemix Committee Health Activity Classification. A workload allocation model was developed that included a staff workload mapping tool, data analysis spreadsheet and guidelines for calculating procedure times. The model was trialled across three AH professions (occupational therapy, physiotherapy and speech pathology), in two hospital districts, and across inpatient, outpatient and community settings. A total of 30 participants completed the trial. Staff and managers completed a post-trial survey to provide feedback on the workload allocation model. Survey results indicated that staff and managers found the model useful for evaluating and quantifying workloads. Managers believed the model would be useful for preparing business cases and benchmarking staff workloads. Recommendations for improvements to the workload mapping tool were also identified. What is known about the topic? Workload allocation models have been identified as a valuable means of evaluating and managing AH workloads. Current models do not account for all tasks undertaken by AH clinicians or are applicable to only a specific AH discipline. There is a paucity of workload allocation models suitable for use across AH disciplines. What does this paper add? This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of an AH workload allocation model that incorporates the NAHCC Health Activity Classification that can be used across AH disciplines and work sites. What are the implications for practitioners? This new workload allocation model provides AH managers with a mapping tool that provides a high level of detail of non-patient activities, and guidelines for calculating procedure times that can be used to effectively manage staff workloads, benchmark existing services and plan for new services. Critical evaluation of staff workloads will allow managers to maximise allied health human resources and hence provide better patient outcomes.
4
Roy, Abhishek, Alekh Jindal, Priyanka Gomatam, Xiating Ouyang, Ashit Gosalia, Nishkam Ravi, Swinky Mann, and Prakhar Jain. "SparkCruise." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 14, no. 12 (July 2021): 3122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3476311.3476388.
Анотація:
Today cloud companies offer fully managed Spark services. This has made it easy to onboard new customers but has also increased the volume of users and their workload sizes. However, both cloud providers and users lack the tools and time to optimize these massive workloads. To solve this problem, we designed SparkCruise that can help understand and optimize workload instances by adding a workload-driven feedback loop to the Spark query optimizer. In this paper, we present our approach to collecting and representing Spark query workloads and use it to improve the overall performance on the workload, all without requiring any access to user data. These methods scale with the number of workloads and apply learned feedback in an online fashion. We explain one specific workload optimization developed for computation reuse. We also share the detailed analysis of production Spark workloads and contrast them with the corresponding analysis of TPC-DS benchmark. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to share the analysis of large-scale production Spark SQL workloads.
5
Misra, Joya, Alexandra Kuvaeva, Kerryann O’meara, Dawn Kiyoe Culpepper, and Audrey Jaeger. "Gendered and Racialized Perceptions of Faculty Workloads." Gender & Society 35, no. 3 (April 14, 2021): 358–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08912432211001387.
Анотація:
Faculty workload inequities have important consequences for faculty diversity and inclusion. On average, women faculty spend more time engaging in service, teaching, and mentoring, while men, on average, spend more time on research, with women of color facing particularly high workload burdens. We explore how faculty members perceive workload in their departments, identifying mechanisms that can help shape their perceptions of greater equity and fairness. White women perceive that their departments have less equitable workloads and are less committed to workload equity than white men. Women of color perceive that their departments are less likely to credit their important work through departmental rewards systems than white men. Workload transparency and clarity, and consistent approaches to assigning classes, advising, and service, can reduce women’s perceptions of inequitable and unfair workloads. Our research suggests that departments can identify and put in place a number of key practices around workload that will improve gendered and racialized perceptions of workload.
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Gabbett, Tim J., Billy Hulin, Peter Blanch, Paul Chapman, and David Bailey. "To Couple or not to Couple? For Acute:Chronic Workload Ratios and Injury Risk, Does it Really Matter?" International Journal of Sports Medicine 40, no. 09 (July 10, 2019): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0955-5589.
Анотація:
AbstractWe examined the association between coupled and uncoupled acute:chronic workload ratios (ACWR) and injury risk in a cohort of 28 elite cricket fast bowlers (mean±SD age, 26±5 yr). Workloads were estimated using the session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE). Coupled ACWRs were calculated using a 1-week acute workload and 4-week chronic workload (acute workload was included in the chronic workload calculation), whereas uncoupled ACWRs used the most recent 1-week acute workload and the prior 3-week chronic workload (acute workload was not included in the chronic workload calculation). A nearly perfect relationship (R2=0.99) was found between coupled and uncoupled ACWRs. Using a percentile rank method, no significant differences in injury risk were found between the coupled and uncoupled ACWR. Higher ACWRs were associated with increased injury likelihood for both coupled and uncoupled methods, however there were no significant differences in injury risk between coupled and uncoupled ACWRs. Our data demonstrates that both coupled and uncoupled ACWRs produce the same injury likelihoods. Furthermore, our results are consistent with previous studies: higher ACWRs are associated with greater risk, irrespective of whether acute and chronic workloads are coupled or uncoupled.
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Hudaningsih, Nurul. "ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA MENTAL PADA STAF UNIT PELAKSANA TEKNIS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE NASA TLX (STUDI KASUS: UNIVERSITAS TEKNOLOGI SUMBAWA)." Jurnal TAMBORA 3, no. 3 (October 16, 2019): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36761/jt.v3i3.401.
Анотація:
Physical and mental activity is the main point that causes the workload to be commonly experienced by the staff. Therefore, the workload can be said to be a relationship between the ability of workers and the amount of pressure experienced in doing a job. Generally, workloads that are often experienced by technical service Unit staff (UPT) are mental workloads that are caused by working environment conditions (universities), tolerance in work and the amount of pressure experienced in the work. The scope that became the focus in this research is the Sumbawa University of Technology which has 10 UPT (UPT Library, UPT Language Center, UPT new student admissions, UPT International Office, UPT Scholarship, UPT Cooperation, UPT information technology, UPT Public relations and Protokoler, UPT creative spaces and UPT forest management education and research) which each UPT has different workloads. The measurement of mental workloads in this study uses The NASA TLX method (The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index) by means of The feeding and weight-bearing of The filling of the questionnaire by the staff in each UPT. The results showed that the UPT that has the lowest mental workload is the UPT Library (54.5), the moderate mental workload is the UPT Language Center (77.4), the highest mental workload i.e. UPT Scholarship (86.4).
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MacPhee, Maura, V. Dahinten, and Farinaz Havaei. "The Impact of Heavy Perceived Nurse Workloads on Patient and Nurse Outcomes." Administrative Sciences 7, no. 1 (March 5, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci7010007.
Анотація:
This study investigated the relationships between seven workload factors and patient and nurse outcomes. (1) Background: Health systems researchers are beginning to address nurses’ workload demands at different unit, job and task levels; and the types of administrative interventions needed for specific workload demands. (2) Methods: This was a cross-sectional correlational study of 472 acute care nurses from British Columbia, Canada. The workload factors included nurse reports of unit-level RN staffing levels and patient acuity and patient dependency; job-level nurse perceptions of heavy workloads, nursing tasks left undone and compromised standards; and task-level interruptions to work flow. Patient outcomes were nurse-reported frequencies of medication errors, patient falls and urinary tract infections; and nurse outcomes were emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. (3) Results: Job-level perceptions of heavy workloads and task-level interruptions had significant direct effects on patient and nurse outcomes. Tasks left undone mediated the relationships between heavy workloads and nurse and patient outcomes; and between interruptions and nurse and patient outcomes. Compromised professional nursing standards mediated the relationships between heavy workloads and nurse outcomes; and between interruptions and nurse outcomes. (4) Conclusion: Administrators should work collaboratively with nurses to identify work environment strategies that ameliorate workload demands at different levels.
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Ariffin, Asma Hanee, Rohaizah Abdul Wahid, Suliana Sulaiman, Marzita Mansor, and Mohd Helmy Abd Wahab. "The Development of an e-Workload Distribution System: A Focus on the Fair Distribution of Teaching Workloads of Lecturers." Asian Journal of University Education 16, no. 4 (January 24, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v16i4.11955.
Анотація:
Studies have shown excessive teaching workloads of teachers and lecturers have become a contentious issue in the academic realm, making them physically and emotionally strained. Therefore, this study was carried out to develop a workload distribution management system called e-WLOAD to help the management of universities in distributing workloads that are fair and acceptable to all lecturers. In this study, the researchers used the Evolutionary Prototyping method for the development of e-WLOAD. A series of interviews involving a head of a department, a faculty dean and an academic registrar as well as the analysis of the Academic Workload Guidance Document of the Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA) and the academic Annual Performance Assessment Report were carried out to reveal the relevant criteria for the distribution of lecturers’ workloads, namely Status, Minimum and maximum credits, Lecturer classification, Current Teaching Status, and Teaching Load Requirements. After running the system, the results of the functionality test indicated that the prototype had fulfilled all system requirements successfully based on such distribution criteria.
Keywords: Evolutionary Prototyping, Lecturers’ teaching workloads, Workload distribution criteria, Workload distribution system
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Liu, Yanbing, Bo Gong, Congcong Xing, and Yi Jian. "A Virtual Machine Migration Strategy Based on Time Series Workload Prediction Using Cloud Model." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/973069.
Анотація:
Aimed at resolving the issues of the imbalance of resources and workloads at data centers and the overhead together with the high cost of virtual machine (VM) migrations, this paper proposes a new VM migration strategy which is based on the cloud model time series workload prediction algorithm. By setting the upper and lower workload bounds for host machines, forecasting the tendency of their subsequent workloads by creating a workload time series using the cloud model, and stipulating a general VM migration criterion workload-aware migration (WAM), the proposed strategy selects a source host machine, a destination host machine, and a VM on the source host machine carrying out the task of the VM migration. Experimental results and analyses show, through comparison with other peer research works, that the proposed method can effectively avoid VM migrations caused by momentary peak workload values, significantly lower the number of VM migrations, and dynamically reach and maintain a resource and workload balance for virtual machines promoting an improved utilization of resources in the entire data center.
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Wells, Robyn, and Xinhui Zhu. "A Field Study on College Marching Band Players’ Workload." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 976–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621226.
Анотація:
College marching band players expose to high physical and cognitive workloads; however, there is lack of understanding on this matter. The purposes of this study were to investigate the workloads associated with marching band performance and to evaluate the effect of players’ role (leader vs. non-leader) on their workload. Forty participants were recruited from the Oregon State University Marching Band (OSUMB). They were conducted to complete a set of surveys before and after their performance on a game day. Their body discomfort and subjective workload were assessed using Borg-CR10 and NASA-TLX, respectively. Results found leaders’ discomfort ratings at their neck and upper back areas were significantly higher (p<0.10) than those of non-leaders. Also, a consistent trend was found across all NASA-TLX scales that leasers reported higher workloads than non-leaders. These findings indicate that college marching band players exposed to high workload and the leadership role can increase the players’ workload.
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Putra, Reji Jaya, and Gaustama Putra. "Analisis Beban Kerja pada Operator Bagian Produksi dengan Menggunakan Metode NASA-TLX (Task Load Index) di PT. Ujong Neubok Dalam." Jurnal Optimalisasi 7, no. 2 (October 26, 2021): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jopt.v7i2.4352.
Анотація:
Operator workload in a company can be grouped into low or high workloads. Operators feel the workload is low if each activity is carried out easily and safely so that it does not exceed the operator's capabilities. Meanwhile, a heavy workload is felt when the work exceeds the operator's ability limit which can cause fatigue and work accidents. PT Ujong Neubok Dalam is a company that produces Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and kernels. In the production section, there are workstations such as loading rump, sterilization, digester and press, clarification, and others. The production target is 270 tons/day of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) which are produced into CPO. The demand for production targets resulted in complaints and discomfort felt by the production department operator. The purpose of this study was to analyze the workload and workload indicators of production operators using the NASA-TLX method. From the calculation results of 17 operators, the mental workload that is classified as high is felt by 7 operators with an average Weighted Workload (WWL) of 81-89, while 10 operators are classified as high mental workloads with a WWL value of 78-67. Of the 6 NASA-TLX indicators, 3 indicators have the highest mental workload values, namely physical needs (KF), effort (U), and work performance (PK) with details of the average value of 248 - 260.
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Helshinta, Novita, Dewi Pangaribuan, and Chrismis Novalinda Ginting. "Analysis of Health Personnel Needs (Paramedic) in Handling COVID-19 based on Workload Using the WISN Method at Hospital Royal Prima Medan." International Journal of Research and Review 9, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220259.
Анотація:
Workload analysis is an effort to calculate the workload on the work unit by adding up all the workloads and then dividing by the individual work capacity per unit of time. This study aims to determine the need for health workers (paramedics) by calculating the difference between the ideal number of paramedics (nurses and pharmacists) and the reality (WISN difference) and calculating the workload at Royal Prima University Medan. This type of research is descriptive with quantitative methods. and qualitatively simultaneously to analyze the workload and obtain the number of paramedical staff, namely nursing and pharmacy staff based on the Workload Indicator Staffing Need (WISN) method. Keywords: calculating workload, paramedics, nurses, University of Royal Prima Medan.
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Suliantoro, Suliantoro. "Pengaruh Beban Kerja Terhadap Produktifitas Kerja Di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Rumah Sakit Pratama Kota Yogyakarta." Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi 8, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54131/jbma.v8i1.118.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of workload on work productivity of non-health worker employees. There is an organization in management workload is into two, namely workload and high workload. Workload are some or a series of activities must be completed by an organization or holder of a within a certain period. Give the workloads effective organization can be aware of the extent to which employees can be given maximum workload and the extent to which its effect on productivity employee performance. It self Productivity were their mental attitude that melatar such employees to produce a better performance than yesterday. Productivity in the the last result obtained in a process. Increased productivity, can be achieved if the employee could understand exactly about factor increasing work productivity. Success Organization that employees can work well, and having high productivity to achieve the goals of the organization itself. In this research, the use writers the quantitative methods. After they won an minutely so the authors found , there are real impact between the workloads against work productivity in the hospital pratama the city of yogyakarta .
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Wicaksono, Satrio, and Alnisa Min Fadlillah. "Implementation of Full Time Equivalent Method in Determining the Workload Analysis of Logistics Admin Employees of PT X in Jakarta, Indonesia." European Journal of Business and Management Research 6, no. 5 (September 27, 2021): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.5.1076.
Анотація:
PT X is a company engaged in distribution and trading as its business activities. The logistics division, especially the logistics admin as a supply chain, certainly, has a big responsibility. In order to carry out this great responsibility, an appropriate number of workers is needed so that the work carried out can be executed properly. In this study, the main objective is to analyze the workload that exists in the current logistics admin employees and later from the results of the workload analysis, a human resource policy can be drawn concerning workloads setting.
The method used in this study was the Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) method where this method could show how much workload is proportional to each employee. As a result, the workload received by each logistics admin employee has a different workload from one employee to another. Of the three existing logistics admin employees, 2 were overloaded and one was inloaded. Human resource policies related to workload arrangements for PT X logistics admin employees can be said to have not been maximized due to differences in workloads for each employee even though each of them does the same job.
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Wicaksono, Satrio, and Alnisa Min Fadlillah. "Implementation of Full Time Equivalent Method in Determining the Workload Analysis of Logistics Admin Employees of PT X in Jakarta, Indonesia." European Journal of Business and Management Research 6, no. 5 (September 27, 2021): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.5.1076.
Анотація:
PT X is a company engaged in distribution and trading as its business activities. The logistics division, especially the logistics admin as a supply chain, certainly, has a big responsibility. In order to carry out this great responsibility, an appropriate number of workers is needed so that the work carried out can be executed properly. In this study, the main objective is to analyze the workload that exists in the current logistics admin employees and later from the results of the workload analysis, a human resource policy can be drawn concerning workloads setting.
The method used in this study was the Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) method where this method could show how much workload is proportional to each employee. As a result, the workload received by each logistics admin employee has a different workload from one employee to another. Of the three existing logistics admin employees, 2 were overloaded and one was inloaded. Human resource policies related to workload arrangements for PT X logistics admin employees can be said to have not been maximized due to differences in workloads for each employee even though each of them does the same job.
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Sari, Santika, Farah Fauzia Imron, Nurfajriah Nurfajriah, and Fajar Rahayu I.M. "Workload Analysis with Full Time Equivalent Method to Optimize Production Unit Performance at PT X." Journal of Integrated System 5, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/jis.v5i2.5404.
Анотація:
PT X is one of the companies in the manufacturing industry engaged in the automotive sector. In carrying out the production process, PT X sometimes has problems, namely there is often a mismatch in the number of spare parts sent with the number of spare parts written on the purchase order (PO). The production delay occurred due to a shortage of manpower and an uneven workload in production activities at PT X. For this reason, it is necessary to measure the workload as a basis for calculating the workforce needs. In this study, researchers used the full time equivalent (FTE) method. After calculating with this method, it is known that the workload in the coated spare parts production line is not balanced among 10 operators who work, where 3 operators with high workloads or overload, 5 operators with normal workloads, and 2 operators with low workloads or underload. The results of the calculation show that the workload has a negative effect on operator performance. The proposed improvement is by adding 2 operators and mutating horizontally, the results obtained are an optimal workforce of 12 people, with workloads in the normal and low (underload) categories.
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Fajrin, Vica Claudia. "The Overview of Mental Workload of Health Safety and Environment Workers in Oil and Gas Industry." Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 9, no. 2 (August 19, 2020): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v9i2.2020.154-162.
Анотація:
Introduction: PT. Pertamina RU IV Cilacap is a national oil and gas industry that has the largest refinery in Southeast Asia that manages raw materials for other refinery units in Indonesia to be reprocessed into fuel. The size of the refinery can illustrate the complexity of the system run by this unit. The HSE Unit in this company has a great responsibility to maintain the worker safety in the refinery. It is necessary to measure mental workload on HSE workers. This is because if the mental workload is not monitored, it can cause fatality, in this case, work accidents as a result of lack of supervision from HSE workers and mental PAK related to HSE workers resulting in excessive mental workload or property loss as an outcome of excessive mental workload. So, it is important to portray the HSE mental workload because of its responsibility to secure the health, safety and environmental issues. The purpose of this study was to describe the heavy mental workload on PT. Pertamina RU IV Cilacap. Method: This research was a quantitative descriptive designed study. Data were obtained by conducting interviews and using the NASA-tlx questionnaire on 71 respondents. Results: As many as 35 respondents had heavy mental workloads and 31 respondents had very heavy mental workloads. Conclusion: HSE workers at PT. Pertamina RU IV Cilacap has a heavy mental workload and even tends to be very heavy.Keywords: mental workload, NASA-tlx, oil and gas industry
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Anisah, Siti, and Mulyono Mulyono. "Correlation between Individual Characteristics and Workload toward Occupational Stress of Social Undesirables Facilitators." Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v9i1.2020.12-20.
Анотація:
Introduction: Prevalence occupational stress continues to increase. Based on survey in 2012, there was 64% workers in Indonesia suffered increased stress compared to previous year. According to the Great Britain 2017 statistics, jobs with higher than average rates of stress are health workers and social workers. Several factors that can affect occupational stress are individual characteristics and workload. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship of individual characteristics (age, sex, education level, and working period) and workloads (physical and mental workloads) toward the level of occupational stress of social undesirables facilitators at Regional Technical Implementation Unit Social Shelter Keputih Surabaya. Methods: This study was observational research and used cross-sectional method. Sample in this research was 21 workers. The sample were taken used total sampling. The writer used contingency coefficient for analyzing variables relation. Results: The study showed the age (coefficient= 0.572) and mental workload (coefficient= 0.420) had a moderate relation toward occupational stress level. Sex (coefficient= 0.136) had the lowest relation toward occupational stress level. The education level (coefficient= 0.398), working period (coefficient= 0.298), and physical workload (coefficient= 0.209) had a low relation toward occupational stress level. Conclusion: The individual characteristic (age) and workload (mental workload) related to occupational stress.Keywords: individual characteristics, occupational stress, workload
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Simpson, Marni J., David G. Jenkins, and Vincent G. Kelly. "Workload Differences Between Training Drills and Competition in Elite Netball." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 10 (November 1, 2020): 1385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0971.
Анотація:
Purpose: To examine potential differences in internal and external workload variables between playing positions and between training drills and games within an elite netball team during training and competition. Methods: Nine elite female netballers were monitored during 15 games and all training sessions over 28 weeks. Workload variables assessed were relative PlayerLoad (PL per minute), accelerations, decelerations, jumps, changes of direction, high-intensity events, medium-intensity events, low-intensity events, PL in a forward direction, PL in a sideways direction, PL in a vertical direction, and summated heart-rate zones using heart-rate monitors and inertial measurement units. Results: Conditioning and match play during training were the only drills that matched or exceeded game workloads. Workloads during small-sided games were lower than game workloads for all variables. In games, goalkeeper, goal attack, and goal shooter had a greater frequency of jumps compared with other positions. Midcourt positions had a greater frequency of low-intensity events in a game. Conclusions: Workloads during small-sided games were lower than game workloads across all external and internal variables; therefore, netball staff should modify these small-sided games if they wish them to develop game-based qualities. Specific game workload variables indicate that there are differences within some positional groups; coaches need to be aware that positional groupings may fail to account for differences in workload between individual playing positions.
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Hulin, Billy T., Tim J. Gabbett, Nathan J. Pickworth, Rich D. Johnston, and David G. Jenkins. "Relationships Among PlayerLoad, High-Intensity Intermittent Running Ability, and Injury Risk in Professional Rugby League Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0139.
Анотація:
Purpose: To examine relationships among physical performance, workload, and injury risk in professional rugby league players. Methods: Maximal-effort (n = 112) and submaximal (n = 1084) running performances of 45 players were recorded from 1 club over 2 consecutive seasons. Poorer and better submaximal running performance was determined by higher and lower exercise heart rates, respectively. Exponentially weighted moving averages and daily rolling averages were used to assess microtechnology-derived acute and chronic field-based workloads. The associations among within-individual submaximal running performance, workload, and noncontact lower-limb injury were then investigated. Results: The injury risk associated with poorer submaximal performance was “likely” greater than stable (relative risk = 1.8; 90% confidence interval, 0.9–3.7) and better submaximal performance (relative risk = 2.0; 90% confidence interval, 0.9–4.4). Compared with greater submaximal performance, poorer performance was associated with lower chronic workloads (effect size [d] = 0.82 [0.13], large) and higher acute:chronic workload ratios (d = 0.49 [0.14], small). Chronic workload demonstrated a “nearly perfect” positive relationship with maximal-effort running performance (exponentially weighted moving average, R2 = .91 [.15]; rolling average, R2 = .91 [.14]). At acute:chronic workload ratios >1.9, no differences in injury risk were found between rolling average and exponentially weighted moving average methods (relative risk = 1.1; 90% confidence interval, 0.3–3.8; unclear). Conclusions: Reductions in submaximal running performance are related with low chronic workloads, high acute:chronic workload ratios, and increased injury risk. These findings demonstrate that a submaximal running assessment can be used to provide information on physical performance and injury risk in professional rugby league players.
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Simpson, Marni J., David G. Jenkins, Aaron T. Scanlan, and Vincent G. Kelly. "Relationships Between External- and Internal-Workload Variables in an Elite Female Netball Team and Between Playing Positions." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 6 (July 1, 2020): 841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0619.
Анотація:
Purpose: To examine relationships between external- and internal-workload variables in an elite female netball team, with consideration of positional differences. Methods: Nine elite female netball athletes had their weekly workloads monitored across their preseason and competition phases of a season. Internal workload was determined using summated heart-rate (HR) zones and session ratings of perceived exertion (sRPE), whereas external workload was determined using inertial movement units and included absolute PlayerLoad (PL), relative PL (PL per minute), accelerations (ACCEL), decelerations (DECEL), jumps, changes of direction (COD), high-intensity events, medium-intensity events, low-intensity events, PL in the forward direction, PL in the sideways direction, and PL in the vertical direction. Relationships between external- and internal-workload variables in the team and relative to playing position were examined. Results: Across the team, the strongest external workloads that correlated with summated HR zones were PL (r = .65), COD (r = .64), ACCEL (r = .61), and DECEL (r = .61). The strongest external workloads that correlated with sRPE were COD (r = .79), followed by jumps (r = .76), ACCEL (r = .75), and DECEL (r = .75). For all positions, except-goal shooter, the strongest correlation was between PL and sRPE (r = .88–.94). In the goal-shooter position, the strongest correlation was between summated HR zones and DECEL (r = .89). Conclusions: The inertial movement unit-derived external-workload variables are strongly related to common internal-workload variables. In particular, COD and sRPE appear to provide a good monitoring combination of external and internal training loads for elite netball players.
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Bowen, Laura, Aleksander Stephan Gross, Mo Gimpel, Stewart Bruce-Low, and Francois-Xavier Li. "Spikes in acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) associated with a 5–7 times greater injury rate in English Premier League football players: a comprehensive 3-year study." British Journal of Sports Medicine 54, no. 12 (February 21, 2019): 731–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099422.
Анотація:
ObjectivesWe examined the relation between global positioning system (GPS)-derived workloads and injury in English Premier League football players (n=33) over three seasons.MethodsWorkload and injury data were collected over three consecutive seasons. Cumulative (1-weekly, 2-weekly, 3-weekly and 4-weekly) loads in addition to acute:chronic workload ratios (ACWR) (acute workload (1-week workload)) divided by chronic workload (previous 4-week average acute workload) were classified into discrete ranges by z-scores. Relative risk (RR) for each range was then calculated between injured and non-injured players using specific GPS variables: total distance, low-intensity distance, high-speed running distance, sprint distance, accelerations and decelerations.ResultsThe greatest non-contact injury risk was when the chronic exposure to decelerations was low (<1731) and the ACWR was >2.0 (RR=6.7). Non-contact injury risk was also 5–6 times higher for accelerations and low-intensity distance when the chronic workloads were categorised as low and the ACWR was >2.0 (RR=5.4–6.6), compared with ACWRs below this. When all chronic workloads were included, an ACWR >2.0 was associated with a significant but lesser injury risk for the same metrics, plus total distance (RR=3.7–3.9).ConclusionsWe recommend that practitioners involved in planning training for performance and injury prevention monitor the ACWR, increase chronic exposure to load and avoid spikes that approach or exceed 2.0.
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Parfitt, Gaynor, David Markland, and Colin Holmes. "Responses to Physical Exertion in Active and Inactive Males and Females." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 16, no. 2 (June 1994): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.16.2.178.
Анотація:
An experiment is presented that investigates the relationship between gender, exercise history, and psychological affect during and after exercising at different workloads. High-active and low-active subjects reported their psychological affect in the last 30 s of and 5 min after exercising at 60 and 90% VO2max workloads. Results indicated that high-active subjects (both males and females) were significantly more positive in the 90% workload condition than were the low-active group, but there was no difference between the groups in the 60% workload condition (p < .001). These results suggest that psychological affect in exercise settings is influenced by exercise history, workload, and time when self-reported affect is requested.
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Pramestari, Diah, Henni Henni, Al Ikbal Arbi, Novrigent Novrigent, and Gita Prawesti. "Employee Workload Assessment in The Service and Manufacturing Industry." Organization and Human Capital Development 1, no. 1 (April 28, 2022): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/orcadev.v1i1.868.
Анотація:
In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, the industry has implemented new policies in managing its workforce, one of which is by reducing employees. The reduction of employees in the industry causes an excessive workload on several work units in the industry, both the service industry and the manufacturing industry. To perform better manpower management, management in the industry needs to know the workload of employees in each work unit. This is quantitative research by taking a case study of one sample of the service industry involving 110 respondents and the manufacturing industry involving 90 respondents. The Modified Cooper Harper (MCH) method is applied as a tool to get an overview of the workload of employees in each category in the two industries. The workload of employees in the observed division was calculated using the MCH formula, and then heavy, medium, and light workloads were classified accordingly. In addition, an analysis will be carried out to determine the factors that influence the achievement of the workload. From the results of the study, it was found that the classification of the heavy, medium and light workloads occurred in both the service industry and the manufacturing industry. There are significant differences between each workload classification in the service industry. However, these results did not occur in the manufacturing industry. External and internal factors affect the workload of employees in the two industries, but their influence in the two industries is different.
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Yan, Shengyuan, Yingying Wei, Fengjiao Li, and Cong Chi Tran. "Constructing a Model to Discriminate the Workload Level of Ship Interface Operators." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 8 (August 11, 2022): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081098.
Анотація:
Workload level has a significant impact on the human errors of ship operators. Therefore, the accurate discrimination of the operator’s workload level has an important effect on preventing human errors. Firstly, this study analyzed the differences in performance indicators, subjective workload indicators, and eye movement indicators under different workloads. Secondly, according to the correlation analysis result, the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) score has a correlation with error rate, operation time, NASA-TLX score, pupil dilation, blink rate, saccadic rate, and fixation rate. Thirdly, this study used a typical discriminant analysis method to construct a discrimination model based on these indicators. The validation result indicated that the accurate discrimination rate of the model is 100% for the low and general workload and that is 90.9% for the high workload. It indicated that the constructed model can effectively distinguish the workload level.
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Dani, Aditia Rachman, and Siti Mujanah. "PENGARUH SERVANT LEADERSHIP, BEBAN KERJA DAN KREATIVITAS TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DINAS PERHUBUNGAN KABUPATEN BANGKALAN MADURA DENGAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING." Media Mahardhika 19, no. 3 (May 28, 2021): 434–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29062/mahardika.v19i3.269.
Анотація:
This research aims to, knowing the influence of servant leadership, workload, and creativity on the performance of employees of the Bangkalan Madura District Transportation Office with the organization's commitment as variable intervening. Research uses a quantitative approach. The data analysis method used is Partial Least Square (PLS). Respondents to this study were employees of bangkalan district transportation office, as many as 99 samples from the entire population of 117 employees. Data collection instruments use variable servant leadership, workload, creativity, organizational commitment and employee performance by using a Likert scale of 1-5. From the results of the analysis obtained variable servant leadership, workload, Creativity significantly influenced the commitment of the organization, while the commitment of the organization significantly affects the performance of employees. So it can be said that all hypotheses of this study are accepted. Servant leadership, creativity, work commitment and employee performance get a very good perception, but on the workload side it is expected that the leaders provide workloads in accordance with employee competence by considering the maximum limit of workload obtained by employees so that workloads do not become an obstacle in improving employee performance.
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Poerwanto, Eko, and Gunawan Gunawan. "ANALISIS BEBAN KERJA MENTAL PEKERJA BAGIAN GROUND H ANDLING BANDARA ADISUTJIPTO UNTUK MENDUKUNG KESELAMATAN PENERBANGAN." Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi 7, no. 2 (September 13, 2017): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/angkasa.v7i2.155.
Анотація:
Increased need for air transport will increase the activity of ground handling at airports. Increased activity of this will affect the mental workload received personnel who carry it out. Any increase in mental workload will affect the occurrence of human error and affect flight safety. Analysis of mental workload ofpart o f ground handling personnel is very important to ensure acceptable personnel workloads according to workload capacity available. This mental workload research using NASA-TLX method, that the procedure uses a multi-dimensional rating, and divide the workload on the basis of the average loading 6 dimensions, namely Mental Demand, Physical Demand, Temporal Demand, Effort, Own Performance, and frustation. NASA-TLX is divided into two phases, namely a comparison of each scale (Paired Comparison) and giving value to the work (Event Scoring). The research objective is to ensure the mental workload of part of ground handling Adisucipto airport in Yogyakarta, in accordance with their capacity, so as to avoid human error and to support aviation safety. The results showed that the mean score of mental workload ground handling activities by PT. Gapura Air and PT. Kokapura Avia in Yogyakarta Adisucipto airport in the mental workload optimization group, which indicates mental workload received by workers are safe (no overload).
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Pitman, AG, and DN Jones. "Radiologist workloads in teaching hospital departments: Measuring the workload." Australasian Radiology 50, no. 1 (February 2006): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1673.2005.01524.x.
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Daskalopoulou, Stella S., Alexandra B. Cooke, Yessica-Haydee Gomez, Andrew F. Mutter, Andreas Filippaios, Ertirea T. Mesfum, and Christos S. Mantzoros. "Plasma irisin levels progressively increase in response to increasing exercise workloads in young, healthy, active subjects." European Journal of Endocrinology 171, no. 3 (September 2014): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-14-0204.
Анотація:
BackgroundIrisin, a recently discovered myokine, has been shown to induce browning of white adipose tissue, enhancing energy expenditure and mediating some of the beneficial effects of exercise. We aimed to estimate the time frame of changes in irisin levels after acute exercise and the effect of different exercise workloads and intensities on circulating irisin levels immediately post-exercise.MethodsIn a pilot study, four healthy subjects (22.5±1.7 years) underwent maximal workload exercise (maximal oxygen consumption, VO2 max) and blood was drawn at prespecified intervals to define the time frame of pre- and post-exercise irisin changes over a 24-h period. In the main study, 35 healthy, non-smoking (23.0±3.3 years) men and women (n=20/15) underwent three exercise protocols ≥48-h apart, in random order: i) maximal workload (VO2 max); ii) relative workload (70% of VO2 max/10 min); and iii) absolute workload (75 W/10 min). Blood was drawn immediately pre-exercise and 3 min post-exercise.ResultsIn the pilot study, irisin levels increased by 35% 3 min post-exercise, then dropped and remained relatively constant. In the main study, irisin levels post-exercise were significantly higher than those of pre-exercise after all workloads (all,P<0.001). Post-to-pre-exercise differences in irisin levels were significantly different between workloads (P=0.001), with the greatest increase by 34% following maximal workload (P=0.004 vs relative and absolute).ConclusionsCirculating irisin levels were acutely elevated in response to exercise, with a greater increase after maximal workload. These findings suggest that irisin release could be a function of muscle energy demand. Future studies need to determine the underlying mechanisms of irisin release and explore irisin's therapeutic potential.
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Farida, Eka, and Neneng Rika Jazilatul Kholidah. "Pengaruh Human Relationship dan Beban Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai." Jurnal Ecogen 4, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jmpe.v4i1.11039.
Анотація:
Organization will produce good employee performance if it is able to pay attention to the factors of providing workload. To reduce the workload that is too high there needs to be a human relationship that can provide lightening in completing workloads in the organization. The purpose of this study is to examine the performance of BKPSDM employees influenced by human relationships and workloads. This research is ex-post facto by using primary data. Population and samples in this study using non probability sampling techniques with a total of 52 respondents. The analysis used in this study is multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the performance of BKPSDM employees was influenced by human relationships and workloads.Keywords : employee performance, human relationship, workload
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Davoudian, Ali, Liu Chen, Hongwei Tu, and Mengchi Liu. "A Workload-Adaptive Streaming Partitioner for Distributed Graph Stores." Data Science and Engineering 6, no. 2 (April 15, 2021): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41019-021-00156-2.
Анотація:
AbstractStreaming graph partitioning methods have recently gained attention due to their ability to scale to very large graphs with limited resources. However, many such methods do not consider workload and graph characteristics. This may degrade the performance of queries by increasing inter-node communication and computational load imbalance. Moreover, existing workload-aware methods cannot consistently provide good performance as they do not consider dynamic workloads that keep emerging in graph applications. We address these issues by proposing a novel workload-adaptive streaming partitioner named WASP, that aims to achieve low-latency and high-throughput online graph queries. As each workload typically contains frequent query patterns, WASP exploits the existing workload to capture active vertices and edges which are frequently visited and traversed, respectively. This information is used to heuristically improve the quality of partitions either by avoiding the concentration of active vertices in a few partitions proportional to their visit frequencies or by reducing the probability of the cut of active edges proportional to their traversal frequencies. In order to assess the impact of WASP on a graph store and to show how easily the approach can be plugged on top of the system, we exploit it in a distributed graph-based RDF store. Our experiments over three synthetic and real-world graph datasets and the corresponding static and dynamic query workloads show that WASP achieves a better query performance against state-of-the-art graph partitioners, especially in dynamic query workloads.
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Paul, Debjyoti, Jie Cao, Feifei Li, and Vivek Srikumar. "Database workload characterization with query plan encoders." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 15, no. 4 (December 2021): 923–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3503585.3503600.
Анотація:
Smart databases are adopting artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to achieve instance optimality , and in the future, databases will come with prepackaged AI models within their core components. The reason is that every database runs on different workloads, demands specific resources, and settings to achieve optimal performance. It prompts the necessity to understand workloads running in the system along with their features comprehensively, which we dub as workload characterization. To address this workload characterization problem, we propose our query plan encoders that learn essential features and their correlations from query plans. Our pretrained encoders captures the structural and the computational performance of queries independently. We show that our pretrained encoders are adaptable to workloads that expedites the transfer learning process. We performed independent assessments of structural encoder and performance encoders with multiple downstream tasks. For the overall evaluation of our query plan encoders, we architect two downstream tasks (i) query latency prediction and (ii) query classification. These tasks show the importance of feature-based workload characterization. We also performed extensive experiments on individual encoders to verify the effectiveness of representation learning, and domain adaptability.
34
Zhao, Boxuan, Jianmin Gao, Kun Chen, and Aimin Xu. "Workload control-related Workload Route Decision." IFAC-PapersOnLine 48, no. 3 (2015): 1422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.06.286.
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Lakhan, Abdullah, Mazhar Ali Dootio, Tor Morten Groenli, Ali Hassan Sodhro, and Muhammad Saddam Khokhar. "Multi-Layer Latency Aware Workload Assignment of E-Transport IoT Applications in Mobile Sensors Cloudlet Cloud Networks." Electronics 10, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141719.
Анотація:
These days, with the emerging developments in wireless communication technologies, such as 6G and 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, the usage of E-Transport applications has been increasing progressively. These applications are E-Bus, E-Taxi, self-autonomous car, E-Train and E-Ambulance, and latency-sensitive workloads executed in the distributed cloud network. Nonetheless, many delays present in cloudlet-based cloud networks, such as communication delay, round-trip delay and migration during the workload in the cloudlet-based cloud network. However, the distributed execution of workloads at different computing nodes during the assignment is a challenging task. This paper proposes a novel Multi-layer Latency (e.g., communication delay, round-trip delay and migration delay) Aware Workload Assignment Strategy (MLAWAS) to allocate the workload of E-Transport applications into optimal computing nodes. MLAWAS consists of different components, such as the Q-Learning aware assignment and the Iterative method, which distribute workload in a dynamic environment where runtime changes of overloading and overheating remain controlled. The migration of workload and VM migration are also part of MLAWAS. The goal is to minimize the average response time of applications. Simulation results demonstrate that MLAWAS earns the minimum average response time as compared with the two other existing strategies.
36
Ding, Bailu, Surajit Chaudhuri, Johannes Gehrke, and Vivek Narasayya. "DSB." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 14, no. 13 (September 2021): 3376–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3484224.3484234.
Анотація:
We describe a new benchmark, DSB, for evaluating both workload-driven and traditional database systems on modern decision support workloads. DSB is adapted from the widely-used industrial-standard TPC-DS benchmark. It enhances the TPC-DS benchmark with complex data distribution and challenging yet semantically meaningful query templates. DSB also introduces configurable and dynamic workloads to assess the adaptability of database systems. Since workload-driven and traditional database systems have different performance dimensions, including the additional resources required for tuning and maintaining the systems, we provide guidelines on evaluation methodology and metrics to report. We show a case study on how to evaluate both workload-driven and traditional database systems with the DSB benchmark. The code for the DSB benchmark is open sourced and is available at https://aka.ms/dsb.
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Goldstein, Susan A., Charles Weissman, Jeffrey Askanazi, Michael Rothkopf, J. Milic-Emili, and John M. Kinney. "Metabolic and ventilatory responses during very low level exercise." Clinical Science 73, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0730417.
Анотація:
1. Nine male and six female healthy subjects were studied during supine bicycle exercise at workloads of 12 and 37 W; pedalling rates varied between 30 and 50 cycles/min at each workload. Measurements were made of oxygen consumption (Vo2), carbon dioxide production (Vco2), minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT), respiratory frequency (fR), inspiratory and expiratory time (TI, TE) and mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI) using a non-invasive canopy–computer–spirometer system. 2. At rest, males had greater values of VE, VT, TI, inspiratory duty cycle (TI/TTOT), Vco2 and Vo2, and a lower fR, than females. 3. At the lower workload, Vo2, Vco2, VE, VT and VT/TI increased linearly with increasing pedalling rate, whereas at the higher workload there was a decrease in Vo2 and little or no change in ventilatory parameters from 30 to 50 cycles/min except for an increase in fR in females. 4. While performing supine exercise, there was an effect of pedalling rate on ventilatory and metabolic parameters at the low workload (12 W) which diminished at the higher workload (37 W). An increase in pedalling rate appears to enhance efficiency at these low workloads. 5. Differences between the sexes during exercise generally include: (a) a higher breathing frequency, (b) a greater mechanical efficiency, and (c) lower ventilatory equivalents of O2 and CO2 (VE/Vo2 and VE/Vco2) during the higher workload in females than males.
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Rina Novianty Ariawaty, R., and Siti Noni Evita. "Relationship Workloads with Work Satisfactionlabor Contract on The Tomkins Shoes Company." Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Advantage 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30741/adv.v4i1.601.
Анотація:
In facing global market competition, every company has different production standards. To meet work targets, the company imposes work on both low and high workloads. The workload was allegedly able to affect the satisfaction felt by the workforce. This study aims to determine the relationship of workload with contract labor satisfaction. The method used in this research uses the descriptive method by taking a sample of 86 contract workers. Analyze the correlation between variables, namely workload and job satisfaction, using the Spearman Rank Correlation formula. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between workload and job satisfaction of contract workers found that there is a relationship with a percentage of 21.6%.
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Said, Said Al Ahsan, and Nissa Prasanti. "Analysis of Operators Physical and Mental Workload at Thresher Station at PT. Beurata Subur Persada (Bsp) Nagan Raya." Jurnal Inotera 8, no. 1 (January 24, 2023): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31572/inotera.vol8.iss1.2023.id206.
Анотація:
PT Beurata Subur Persada (BSP) is a company engaged in processing Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) into Crude Palm Oil (CPO) located in Nagan Raya District, Aceh Province. In carrying out the production process, the thresher station is one of the stations in the factory that functions as a machine that ejects fruit from the stage of the jongkos (palm stalk) by slamming the FFB into the thresher drum successively. However, based on initial observations, it is known that the BSP operator who controls the thresher machine also controls other machines, so this increases the physical and mental workload of the operators. The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical workload and mental workload of station operators using the %CVL method and the NASA-TLX method which are influenced by the subjectivity of the operators. The results of the study found that there were 2 operators who experienced rather high physical workloads, while the other 2 operators experienced moderate physical workloads. While measuring the mental workload it is known that all operators are in the moderate category.
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Akbar, Muhammad Ali, Rizky Fajar Ramdhani, and Sri Nuraeni. "Analisis Beban Kerja Fisiologis dan Psikologis Menggunakan Metode Cardiovascular Load dan NASA TLX di PJT II Jatiluhur." Operations Excellence: Journal of Applied Industrial Engineering 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/oe.2020.v13.i1.014.
Анотація:
Perum Jasa Tirta II is a State-Owned Enterprise (BUMN) in the form of a Public Company engaged in providing raw water and electricity for the public benefit this Perum Jasa Tirta II, and there are various units. One of them is the Jatiluhur Tourism and AMDK Business Unit, which produces various types of demineralized drinking water, namely gallons, 600 ml bottles, 330 ml bottles, and 240 ml cups. The implementation of 3 shifts to meet production targets and activities carried out manually at a 40 m / s in a standing position and a 5 second cycle time process is one of the causes of problems in Jatiluhur AMDK, especially for company employees. The subjects of this study were 18 employees in the production department. The workload measured is physiological and psychological. The physiological workload is measured based on the cardiovascular load (CVL) method, and the NASA measures psychological workload –Task Load Index (NASA– TLX) method. The purpose of this study was to determine the classification of physiological and psychological workloads in Jatiluhur AMDK and the causes of these physiological and psychological workloads. Based on the CVL analysis results, the number of employees who received a physiological workload that needed improvement was 10 out of 18 employees, with the highest percentage of 38.43% and the lowest of 21.73%. Very high work, 12 employees with a high category. With a percentage of 33.33% for very high workloads and 66.67% for high workloads.
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Pudiastuti, Elisabeth Tanti. "MENTAL WORKLOAD ANALYSIS OF NAVAL CADET ACADEMY USING SUBJECTIVE WORKLOAD ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUE (SWAT) METHODS." JOURNAL ASRO 11, no. 2 (April 21, 2020): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.37875/asro.v11i2.287.
Анотація:
There are plentiful activities conducted by the Cadets in order to hold educational process at the NavalAcademy. These activities are particularly vulnerable to physical and psychological friction, especiallyin routine and nurturing activities, where activities in this phase are thought to cause the Cadets toexperience excessive mental workloads which may result in the Cadets being unable to continue theireducation. Therefore, this research would identify one of the factors that were suspected to be thecause of the problem which was psychological factor or mental workload on the Academy of Navalusing Subjective Workload Asessesment Technique (SWAT) method. SWAT method was chosenbecause it was easier to apply and had some advantages in terms of results validity and accuracy, sothat the performance of Cadets expected by Institution were: Tanggap, Tanggon and Trengginas. Theresults of this study indicated that there was a high mental workload for some sub activities at somelevel. The highest mental workload in level I is 69,0 (RPS activity), in level II is 83,4 (senior juniordevelopment), in level III is 77,6 (senior junior development). Besides this research also showed thatthe mental workload between the four levels of Level I, II, III and IV had a significant difference inmental workload in carrying out every activity at the Academy.Keywords: Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT), Mental Workload, Cadets.
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Agresta, Cristine, Michael T. Freehill, Jessica Zendler, Georgia Giblin, and Stephen Cain. "Sensor Location Matters When Estimating Player Workload for Baseball Pitching." Sensors 22, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 9008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22229008.
Анотація:
Estimating external workload in baseball pitchers is important for training and rehabilitation. Since current methods of estimating workload through pitch counts and rest days have only been marginally successful, clubs are looking for more sophisticated methods to quantify the mechanical loads experienced by pitchers. Among these are the use of wearable systems. While wearables offer a promising solution, there remains a lack of standards or guidelines for how best to employ these devices. As a result, sensor location and workload calculation methods vary from system to system. This can influence workload estimates and blur their interpretation and utility when making decisions about training or returning to sport. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which sensor location influences workload estimate. A secondary purpose was to compare estimates using different workload calculations. Acceleration data from three sensor locations—trunk, throwing upper arm, and throwing forearm—were collected from ten collegiate pitchers as they threw a series of pitches during a single bullpen session. The effect of sensor location and pitch type was assessed in relation to four different workload estimates. Sensor location significantly influenced workload estimates. Workload estimates calculated from the forearm sensor were significantly different across pitch types. Whole-body workload measured from a trunk-mounted sensor may not adequately reflect the mechanical loads experienced at throwing arm segments. A sensor on the forearm was the most sensitive to differences in workloads across pitch types, regardless of the calculation method.
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van den Oetelaar, Wilhelmina F. J. M., Corné A. M. Roelen, Wilko Grolman, Rebecca K. Stellato, and Willem van Rhenen. "Exploring the relation between modelled and perceived workload of nurses and related job demands, job resources and personal resources; a longitudinal study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 26, 2021): e0246658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246658.
Анотація:
Aim Calculating a modelled workload based on objective measures. Exploring the relation between this modelled workload and workload as perceived by nurses, including the effects of specific job demands, job resources and personal resources on the relation. Design Academic hospital in the Netherlands. Six surgical wards, capacity 15–30 beds. Data collected over 15 consecutive day shifts. Methods Modelled workload is calculated as a ratio of required care time, based on patient characteristics, baseline care time and time for non-patient related activities, and allocated care time, based on the amount of available nurses. Both required and allocated care time are corrected for nurse proficiency. Five dimensions of perceived workload were determined by questionnaires. Both the modelled and the perceived workloads were measured on a daily basis. Linear mixed effects models study the longitudinal relation between this modelled and workload as perceived by nurses and the effects of personal resources, job resources and job demands. ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used to identify differences in modelled workload between wards. Results Modelled workload varies roughly between 70 and 170%. Significant differences in modelled workload between wards were found but confidence intervals were wide. Modelled workload is positively associated with all five perceived workload measures (work pace, amount of work, mental load, emotional load, physical load). In addition to modelled workload, the job resource support of colleagues and job demands time spent on direct patient care and time spent on registration had the biggest significant effects on perceived workload. Conclusions The modelled workload does not exactly predict perceived workload, however there is a correlation between the two. The modelled workload can be used to detect differences in workload between wards, which may be useful in distributing workload more evenly in order prevent issues of over- and understaffing and organizational justice. Extra effort to promote team work is likely to have a positive effect on perceived workload. Nurse management can stimulate team cohesion, especially when workload is high. Registered nurses perceive a higher workload than other nurses. When the proportion of direct patient care in a workday is higher, the perceived workload is also higher. Further research is recommended. The findings of this research can help nursing management in allocating resources and directing their attention to the most relevant factors for balancing workload.
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Mao, Li, Deyu Qi, Weiwei Lin, and Chaoyue Zhu. "A Self-Adaptive Prediction Algorithm for Cloud Workloads." International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing 7, no. 2 (April 2015): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijghpc.2015040105.
Анотація:
It is difficult to analyze the workload in complex cloud computing environments with a single prediction algorithm as each algorithm has its own shortcomings. A self-adaptive prediction algorithm combining the advantages of linear regression (LR) and a BP neural network to predict workloads in clouds is proposed in this paper. The main idea of the self-adaptive prediction algorithm is to choose the better prediction method of the future workload. Some experiments of prediction algorithms are conducted with workloads on the public cloud servers. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a relatively high accuracy on the workload predictions compared with the BP neural network and LR. Furthermore, in order to use the proposed algorithm in a cloud data center, a dynamic scheduling architecture of cloud resources is designed to improve resource utilization and reduce energy consumption.
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Bettini, Elizabeth, Nathan Jones, Mary Brownell, Maureen Conroy, Yujeong Park, Walter Leite, Jean Crockett, and Amber Benedict. "Workload Manageability Among Novice Special and General Educators: Relationships With Emotional Exhaustion and Career Intentions." Remedial and Special Education 38, no. 4 (June 19, 2017): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741932517708327.
Анотація:
Novice special educators (those in their first 3 years) consistently report their workloads are unmanageable. Yet, it is not clear whether their perceptions of workload manageability contribute to outcomes of concern such as emotional exhaustion (a component of burnout) or intentions to continue teaching in their schools and districts. This pilot investigation used structural equation modeling to analyze data collected for the Michigan Indiana Early Career Teacher Study. We found (a) novice elementary and middle school special educators rated their workloads less manageable than novice elementary and middle school general educators; (b) novice special and general educators’ ratings of workload manageability predicted emotional exhaustion, which mediated a relationship between workload manageability and career intentions; and (c) the magnitude of the relationships was stronger for novice general educators. Results have implications for supporting and retaining novice special and general education teachers.
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Fox, Jordan L., Cody J. O’Grady, and Aaron T. Scanlan. "The Relationships Between External and Internal Workloads During Basketball Training and Games." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 8 (September 1, 2020): 1081–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0722.
Анотація:
Purpose: To investigate the relationships between external and internal workloads using a comprehensive selection of variables during basketball training and games. Methods: Eight semiprofessional, male basketball players were monitored during training and games for an entire season. External workload was determined as PlayerLoad™: total and high-intensity accelerations, decelerations, changes of direction, and jumps and total low-intensity, medium-intensity, high-intensity, and overall inertial movement analysis events. Internal workload was determined using the summated-heart-rate zones and session rating of perceived exertion models. The relationships between external and internal workload variables were separately calculated for training and games using repeated-measures correlations with 95% confidence intervals. Results: PlayerLoad was more strongly related to summated-heart-rate zones (r = .88 ± .03, very large [training]; r = .69 ± .09, large [games]) and session rating of perceived exertion (r = .74 ± .06, very large [training]; r = .53 ± .12, large [games]) than other external workload variables (P < .05). Correlations between total and high-intensity accelerations, decelerations, changes of direction, and jumps and total low-intensity, medium-intensity, high-intensity, and overall inertial movement analysis events and internal workloads were stronger during training (r = .44–.88) than during games (r = .15–.69). Conclusions: PlayerLoad and summated-heart-rate zones possess the strongest dose–response relationship among a comprehensive selection of external and internal workload variables in basketball, particularly during training sessions compared with games. Basketball practitioners may therefore be able to best anticipate player responses when prescribing training drills using these variables for optimal workload management across the season.
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Lin, Ting-Ti, Yue Leon Guo, Christopher Gordon, Elizabeth Cayanan, Yi-Chuan Chen, Chung-Mei Ouyang, and Judith Shu-Chu Shiao. "Association Between Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption as Meal Substitutes, Workload, and Obesity in Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24 (December 7, 2019): 4984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244984.
Анотація:
Background: High occupational stress has been associated with altered eating behaviors and obesity. Occupational stress is reported to be high in Asian countries. Furthermore, many Asian countries are increasingly consuming Western-type foods (e.g., incorporating drinks with meals) which collectively may also be contributing to obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine (a) associations between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption as meal replacement and obesity and (b) associations between workload and substituting meals with SSB in nurses. Methods: A representative sample of 854 hospital-based nurses completed a structured questionnaire about SSB consumption, workload, and body mass index (BMI). Log binomial regression models were employed to test associations between SSBs and obesity rates and associations between workload and SSBs. Results: Most participants (57.6%) consumed SSBs as meal replacements during work. This was related to high workloads during shifts. Substituting SSBs for meals was significantly associated with increased likelihood of obesity (aPRR = 1.4, 95% CI (1.1, 1.7)). Workload was positively associated with SSB intake as meal substitutes (aPRR = 1.4, 95% CI (1.2, 1.6)). Conclusions: Our findings show that SSBs are used as meal substitutes and is due to the workload demands. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is also positively associated with the increased likelihood of obesity. Interventions that modify workloads and decrease SSB consumption may improve workers’ eating behaviors and health.
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Idkham, M., M. Dhafir, Safrizal, and M. R. Aulia. "Workload Analysis during Operation Coconut Coir Peeler Operation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1116, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1116/1/012035.
Анотація:
Abstract Almost all Acehnese still rely on the sundak (pointed blade) or machete to peel the coconut skin. The use of sundak has a high work risk even though the workload is relatively light. The sharp tip of the sundak can injure the operator when peeling the coconut skin. Therefore, the coconut skin peeler is designed with different types, namely the crank type, tipping type, and scissors type. The operator’s workload analysis is carried out to be useful for developing the design of the coconut peeler so that it is hoped that the tool and method of peeling coconut skin is safer, greater cushty and greater effective. A workload analysis was performed by calculating the heart rate of three operators operating a coconut peeler. The workloads analyzed are qualitative and quantitative workloads. The results of the workload analysis show that the use of sundak is still classified as light work with an average IRHR of 1.15 and the required energy consumption of 2.62 kcal/kg.hour. Meanwhile, scissors type tools are also classified as light work with an average IRHR value of 1.25 with an energy consumption rate of 2.93 kcal/kg.hour. The use of crank type tools is still classified as light work with an average IRHR of 1.23 and an energy consumption rate of 2.84 kcal/kg.hour. The use of a tipping tool is middle class workload where the average IRHR is 1.28 and the power consumption rate is 3.09 kcal/kg.hour. For the use of a machete, it is classified as a job with a moderate workload where the average IRHR value is 1.29 with the required energy consumption rate of 3.25 kcal/kg.hour. The high workload of the operator is influenced by the habit of the operator in operating a tool.
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TRANCOSO, PEDRO. "WATT MATTERS MOST? DESIGN SPACE EXPLORATION OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE MICROPROCESSORS FOR POWER-PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 16, no. 03 (June 2007): 357–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126607003721.
Анотація:
Computer systems have evolved significantly in the last years leading to high-performance systems. This, however, has come with a cost of large power dissipation. As such, power-awareness has become a major factor in processor design. Therefore, it is important to have a complete understanding of the power and performance behavior of all processor components. In order to achieve this, the current work presents a comprehensive analysis of power-performance efficiency for different high-end microarchitecture configurations using three different workloads: multimedia, scientific, and database. The objectives of this work are: (1) to analyze and compare the power-performance efficiency for different workloads; (2) to present a sensitivity analysis for the microarchitecture parameters in order to identify which ones are more sensitive to changes in terms of power-performance efficiency; and (3) to propose power-performance efficient configurations for each workload. The simulation results show that the multimedia workload is the one achieving the highest efficiency but the database workload is the most sensitive to parameter changes. In addition, the results also show that the parameter sensitivity depends significantly on the workload. While the issue width and clock frequency present very high sensitivity across all workloads (approximately 100%), for the database workload, the first-level instruction cache size shows an even higher sensitivity (149%). The correct configuration of these microarchitecture parameters is essential. A careless configuration of a single parameter from a baseline setup may result in a loss of the power-performance efficiency of up to 99%. Finally, carefully tuning multiple parameters simultaneously may result in gains up to 154% over the power-performance efficiency of the baseline configuration.
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V, Sindhu, Prakash M, and Mohan Kumar P. "Energy-Efficient Task Scheduling and Resource Allocation for Improving the Performance of a Cloud–Fog Environment." Symmetry 14, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 2340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14112340.
Анотація:
Inadequate resources and facilities with zero latency affect the efficiencies of task scheduling (TS) and resource allocation (RA) in the fog paradigm. Only the incoming tasks can be completed within the deadline if the resource availability in the cloud and fog is symmetrically matched with them. A container-based TS algorithm (CBTSA) determines the symmetry relationship of the task/workload with the fog node (FN) or the cloud to decide the scheduling workloads (whether in the fog or a cloud). Furthermore, by allocating and de-allocating resources, the RA algorithm reduces workload delays while increasing resource utilization. However, the unbounded cloud resources and the computational difficulty of finding resource usage have not been considered in CBTSA. Hence, this article proposes an enhanced CBTSA with intelligent RA (ECBTSA-IRA), which symmetrically balances energy efficiency, cost, and the performance-effectiveness of TS and RA. Initially, this algorithm determines whether the workloads are accepted for scheduling. An energy-cost–makespan-aware scheduling algorithm is proposed that uses a directed acyclic graph (DAG) to represent the dependency of tasks in the workload as a graph. Workloads are prioritized and selected for the node to process the prioritized workload. The selected node for processing the workload might be a FN or cloud and is decided by an optimum efficiency factor that trades off the schedule length, cost, and energy. Moreover, a Markov decision process (MDP) was adopted to allocate the best resources using the reinforcement learning scheme. Finally, the investigational findings reveal the efficacy of the presented algorithms compared to the existing CBTSA in terms of various performance metrics.