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1
de Crespigny, Charlotte, Mette Groenkjaer, Wendy Casey, Helen Murray, and Warren Parfoot. "Racism and Injustice: Urban Aboriginal Women's Experiences when Patronising Licensed Premises in South Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 9, no. 1 (2003): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py03014.
Анотація:
This paper presents the findings regarding urban, predominantly young, Aboriginal women's experiences of patronising licensed premises in South Australia. This research aimed to tap new information directly from the experiences of participants who lived in the southern metropolitan region of South Australia. It focused on their experiences of socialising at licensed premises such as pubs and clubs, locally, and in the city of Adelaide. A qualitative research design within the critical social Scientific paradigm was applied using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. The recommendations developed from the findings, and the final community report, were developed collaboratively with participants and other Aboriginal women from their local community. Consistent with the experiences of other young non-Aboriginal women in South Australia, as reported by the chief investigator of this study, the findings of this research show that Aboriginal women try to enjoy socialising with friends and family in licensed premises such as pubs and clubs. However, the Aboriginal women were constrained by frequently experiencing racism and injustices when they tried to enter, or when inside, pubs and clubs. Being accused of stealing, prevented from entering or being expelled from venues, racist comments and being subjected to physical violence, conflict with bar and security staff and non-Aboriginal patrons, as well as lack of safety, were some of the issues these Aboriginal women have experienced in licensed premises in urban and suburban South Australia. This research now offers recommendations from the women that call for important changes in policy and service provision that can improve the conditions of Aboriginal women when they are visiting licensed premises.
2
Burnett, Cora. "Women, poverty and sport: A South African scenario." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 11, no. 1 (April 2002): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.11.1.23.
Анотація:
The voices of South African feminists and womanists are relatively absent from public debates concerning women’s participation and empowerment in sport. This paper represents a contribution to the gender discourse, drawing on feminist paradigms and reflecting on the marginality of South African women in society and in sport. The findings of two separate studies, undertaken in 1977 and 1999 respectively, are reported. The research focused on the assessment of the impact of the Sports Leaders Programme (as part of the South Africa-United Kingdom Sports Initiative) and the junior component of the sports development programme initiated by the Australian Sports Commission (Super Kidz). Data were collected by means of structured interviews from different stakeholders at macro- (national), meso- (community/institutional) and micro- (individual) levels. A representative sample for the Sports Leaders Programme included 17 co-ordinators and facilitators (at national and provincial levels) and nine sports leaders at community level. To obtain qualitative data concerning the Super Kidz Programme, two provinces were targeted for data collection. A quota sample of seven schools was selected as the experimental group (having introduced the programme) and five schools in close proximity acted as controls. One hundred and forty-four role-players at different levels of participation were interviewed. To obtain some triangulation of data, 110 role-players also participated in focus groups. The data reflecting the position and involvement of women in these programmes were analysed. Against the reality of the majority of women living in conditions of chronic poverty, exposed to patriarchy, being ideologically stereotyped and structurally marginalized, they were, to a large extent absent, and their efforts unrecognised in the institutionalised domain of sport. It was concluded that sport is a severely gendered domain in which male hegemony is acted out and perpetuated whereas women in impoverished communities view access to sport as peripheral in their everyday struggle for material survival. National agencies should therefore not rely on female volunteers to facilitate sports development in impoverished communities but to strategize differently while also redressing ideological and structural gender inequalities in the wider social context.
3
Yusuf, Farhat, and Dora Briggs. "Abortion in South Australia, 1971–86: an update." Journal of Biosocial Science 23, no. 3 (July 1991): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000019350.
Анотація:
SummaryOfficial statistics on abortion in South Australia for the period 1971–86 are analysed in terms of incidence, age of patients and nuptiality, reasons for abortion, method of termination, period of gestation, previous abortions and concurrent sterilisation. Demographic implications are discussed and recommendations are made for more education and counselling, especially for younger and unmarried women for whom the incidence of abortion seems to be rising.
4
Kendall, Sacha, Stacey Lighton, Juanita Sherwood, Eileen Baldry, and Elizabeth Sullivan. "Holistic Conceptualizations of Health by Incarcerated Aboriginal Women in New South Wales, Australia." Qualitative Health Research 29, no. 11 (May 13, 2019): 1549–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732319846162.
Анотація:
While there has been extensive research on the health and social and emotional well-being (SEWB) of Aboriginal women in prison, there are few qualitative studies where incarcerated Aboriginal women have been directly asked about their health, SEWB, and health care experiences. Using an Indigenous research methodology and SEWB framework, this article presents the findings of 43 interviews with incarcerated Aboriginal women in New South Wales, Australia. Drawing on the interviews, we found that Aboriginal women have holistic conceptualizations of their health and SEWB that intersect with the SEWB of family and community. Women experience clusters of health problems that intersect with intergenerational trauma, perpetuated and compounded by ongoing colonial trauma including removal of children. Women are pro-active about their health but encounter numerous challenges in accessing appropriate health care. These rarely explored perspectives can inform a reframing of health and social support needs of incarcerated Aboriginal women establishing pathways for healing.
5
Mude, William Wingard, Christopher M. Fisher, Roslyn Le Gautier, Jack Wallace, and Jacqueline A. Richmond. "South Sudanese perceptions of health and illness in South Australia." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 16, no. 4 (October 23, 2020): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-10-2019-0082.
Анотація:
Purpose South Sudanese people form the largest number of resettled refugees in Australia between 2003 and 2004. This study aims to explore how this community understands and responds to health and illness. No study has specifically examined the concept of health and illness in the broader socio-cultural context of the South Sudanese people in Australia. Design/methodology/approach The design was a qualitative study using interviews and focus group discussions with 33 South Sudanese people in Adelaide, South Australia. Participants were asked to reflect on their understanding of health and illness and influences on their access and use of health and other services. Data were electronically audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Findings Three main themes emerged from the analysis demonstrating complex and multifaceted views on health and illness. Participants described health as both a lack of disease and wider issues involving social belonging and participation, cultural well-being, living conditions and harmony in the society. They revealed that illnesses are predetermined by God or caused by a curse, breaking a cultural taboo, disharmony with the environment, community and ancestral spirits. Participants deeply tied their beliefs about illness causation and treatment to their historical, social and cultural lived realities, shaping their responses and health-care-seeking decisions. Originality/value The current study revealed a complex understanding of health and health-care-seeking practices amongst South Sudanese Australians. The multifaceted views of health and health-care-seeking practices underscore the importance of person-centred care for culturally and linguistically diverse people.
6
Yusuf, Farhat, and Dora Briggs. "Trends in legalized abortion in South Australia: 1970–81." Journal of Biosocial Science 17, no. 2 (April 1985): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000015674.
Анотація:
SummaryOfficial abortion statistics for South Australia for the years 1977–81 were examined and compared with those for 1970–76 reported earlier. The period 1970–81 represents the first 12 years' experience of legalized abortion in South Australia. A consistent increase in the incidence of abortion was noted, both in absolute numbers and in proportion to the number of live births. South Australia continued to experience lower fertility than other Australian states, although this would have been higher than in other states had it not been for the legalization of abortion. More of the younger and the unmarried women were obtaining abortions, indicating that they were increasingly using abortion as a form of birth control.
7
Palmer, Catherine. "Soccer and the politics of identity for young Muslim refugee women in South Australia." Soccer & Society 10, no. 1 (December 3, 2008): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660970802472643.
8
Yusuf, Farhat, and Dora K. Briggs. "Incidence of hysterectomy and tubal ligation in public hospitals in South Australia, 1980–82." Journal of Biosocial Science 20, no. 4 (October 1988): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000017570.
Анотація:
SummaryThis paper presents information on the incidence of hysterectomy and tubal ligation in South Australia in the period 1980–82, and on the age, marital status and ethnicity of women undergoing these procedures in public hospitals during the period. A typical woman undergoing one of these procedures was married or previously married and in her mid-40s for hysterectomy or mid-30s for tubal ligation. South Australian women had a lifetime chance of one in six of undergoing hysterectomy and of one in five of undergoing tubal ligation. The findings are consonant with the suggestion that increasing numbers of women are choosing forms of sterilization as means of contraception.
9
Whitaker, Louise, Mandy Hughes, and Barbara Rugendyke. "Capturing Practice Wisdom: Advancing the Empowerment of Women from Refugee and Migrant Backgrounds." British Journal of Social Work 51, no. 4 (March 3, 2021): 1296–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcab038.
Анотація:
Abstract Internationally, the evidence about the successful design of refugee settlement programs is limited. To help address this gap, we examined staff practices within a program that aimed to advance the education, employment and empowerment of women from refugee and migrant backgrounds in communities in Northern New South Wales and South East Queensland in Australia. We engaged staff in collaborative critical reflection about their practice. Viewed through intersectionality, our findings revealed the empowering practice of staff in program design, in the ways that they worked together as a team and in their collaboration with broader supportive social networks. This practice was crucial to the program’s success and informed staff’ conceptualisation of what constituted that success. In brief, this study revealed the complex, often subtle features of professional practice that strives to be empowering in both the delivery of social service programs in this field and in the conceptualisation of program success. Future research is needed to acknowledge and support the developing practice wisdom in this field.
10
PARR, NICHOLAS J. "FAMILY BACKGROUND, SCHOOLING AND CHILDLESSNESS IN AUSTRALIA." Journal of Biosocial Science 37, no. 2 (March 16, 2004): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932004006546.
Анотація:
Using data from Wave 1 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, this paper analyses the extent to which childlessness among Australian women aged 40–54 years varies according to the size and type of family in which they were brought up, and the level and type of schooling they had. Multilevel logistic analysis shows that having been educated in a non-government school, having stayed at school to year 12, having a small number of siblings, at age 14 having a father who was either dead or absent, at age 14 having a father who was employed in a professional occupation, or being a migrant from North or West Europe, North America, East Asia or South-East Asia, all are significantly associated with higher rates of childlessness among women in the 40–54 years age range. The effects of these early lifecourse variables on marital and socioeconomic status in later life, and hence on childlessness, are also considered. The implications of the findings for fertility trends and for Australia’s public debate are discussed.
11
Slade, G. D., A. J. Spencer, D. Locker, R. J. Hunt, R. P. Strauss, and J. D. Beck. "Variations in the Social Impact of Oral Conditions Among Older Adults in South Australia, Ontario, and North Carolina." Journal of Dental Research 75, no. 7 (July 1996): 1439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345960750070301.
12
De Crespigny, Charlotte, Niki Vincent, and Alex Ask. "Young Women's Social Drinking in Context—Pub Style: A Study of Decision Making and Social Drinking of Young Women in Urban South Australia." Contemporary Drug Problems 26, no. 3 (September 1999): 439–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145099902600305.
13
Mwanri, Lillian, and William Mude. "Alcohol, Other Drugs Use and Mental Health among African Migrant Youths in South Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 1534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041534.
Анотація:
This paper was part of a large study that explored suicide among African youths in South Australia. The paper reports perspectives about alcohol and other drugs (AOD) use and mental health among African migrant and refugee youths in South Australia. The study employed a qualitative inquiry, conducting 23 individual interviews and one focus group discussion with eight participants. An acculturative stress model informed data analysis, interpretation and the discussion of the findings that form the current paper. African migrant and refugee youths revealed challenging stressors, including related to cultural, socioeconomic, living conditions, and pre- and post-migration factors that contributed to mental health problems and the use of AOD in their new country. The traumatic loss of family members and social disruption experienced in their countries of origin were expressed as part of factors leading to migration to Australia. While in Australia, African migrant and refugee youths experienced substantial stressors related to inadequate socioeconomic and cultural support, discrimination, poverty, and unemployment. Participants believed that differences in cultural perspectives about AOD use that existed in Africa and Australia also shaped the experiences of social stressors. Additionally, participants believed that these cultural differences and the identified stressors determined AOD use and mental health problems. The findings highlight the need to understand these social and cultural contexts to improve mental health services and help reduce the use of AOD, which, when problematic, can influence the health and integration experiences of these populations.
14
Rutherford, Blair. "Nervous Conditions on the Limpopo: Gendered Insecurities, Livelihoods, and Zimbabwean Migrants in Northern South Africa." Studies in Social Justice 2020, no. 14 (March 27, 2020): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v2020i14.1869.
Анотація:
This paper examines some of the gendered insecurities informing some of the livelihood practices of Zimbabwean migrants in northern South Africa from 2004-2011, the period in which I carried out almost annual ethnographic research in this region. Situating these practices within wider policy shifts and changing migration patterns at the national and local scales, this paper shows the importance of attending to gendered dependencies and insecurities when analysing migrant livelihoods in southern Africa. These include those found within humanitarian organizations targeting Zimbabwean migrants in their programs and policies in the border area. These gendered insecurities, which are woven into the fabric of travel, work and accommodation for these migrant Zimbabwean women in northern South Africa, should be examined in struggles for social justice. By drawing on the lens of social critique to engender a wider sense of the social justice needs for Zimbabwean women migrants in South Africa, this essay aims to broaden the focus of activism on women migrants to also attend to gendered insecurities in their everyday economic and shelter-seeking activities.
15
Stewart, Christine, Sharon L. Bourke, Janet A. Green, Elianna Johnson, Ligi Anish, Miriam Muduwa, and Linda K. Jones. "Healthcare challenges of incarcerated women in Australia: An integrative review." International Journal of Healthcare 7, no. 1 (August 25, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijh.v7n1p10.
Анотація:
Background: Despite the rise in numbers of incarceration women, disparities between health care services and access exist. The health needs of incarcerated women is complex and influenced by multiple social determinants of health.Purpose: Explore the healthcare issues of incarcerated women within Australian Prisons.Methods: Integrative review of the literature.Results: Incarcerated women represent a small proportion of the prison population within Australia, however, health outcomes are significantly impacted. Socioeconomic status, abuse (physical, emotional, sexual), previous incarceration, generational factors are some of the factors impeding the health of incarcerated women. Mental health, chronic disease conditions, maternal and child factors are significant health concerns of this vulnerable population. There is a disparity in health access and programs to improve their health outcomes. This paper explores the challenges impacting the health of incarcerated women.Conclusions: Significant disparities exist in the access of health services available to incarcerated women. There needs to be more focus upon improving access to health services and health support programs to meet the complex health needs of incarcerated in Australia. Furthermore, there is a need for more primary health nurses to prevent and address the healthcare issues of this population.
16
Lorig, Kate, Philip L. Ritter, Kathryn Plant, Diana D. Laurent, Pauline Kelly, and Sally Rowe. "The South Australia Health Chronic Disease Self-Management Internet Trial." Health Education & Behavior 40, no. 1 (April 4, 2012): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198112436969.
Анотація:
Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of an online chronic disease self-management program for South Australia residents. Method. Data were collected online at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. The intervention was an asynchronous 6-week chronic disease self-management program offered online. The authors measured eight health status measures, seven behaviors, and four utilization measures; self-efficacy; and health care satisfaction. Results. Two hundred fifty-four South Australian adults with one or more chronic conditions completed baseline data. One hundred forty-four completed 6 months and 194 completed 1 year. Significant improvements ( p < .05) were found at 6 months for four health status measures, six health behaviors, self-efficacy, and visits to emergency departments. At 12 months, five health status indicators, six health behaviors, self-efficacy, and visits to emergency departments remained significant. Satisfaction with health care trended toward significance. Discussion. The peer-led online program was both acceptable and useful for this population. It appeared to decrease symptoms, improve health behaviors, self-efficacy, and reduce health care utilization up to 1 year. This intervention also has large potential implications for the use of a public health education model for reaching large numbers of people. It demonstrates that an Internet self-management program, which includes social media, can reach rural and underserved people as well as be effective and reduce health care costs. If this intervention can be brought to scale, it has the potential for improving the lives of large numbers of people with chronic illness. It represents a way the medical care and public health sectors can interact.
17
Tebbutt, John. "Hanging Her Laundry in Public: Talkback Radio, Governmentality and the Housewife, 1967–73." Media International Australia 122, no. 1 (February 2007): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0712200115.
Анотація:
This article addresses the way in which talkback radio and women radio listeners were implicated in and shaped by social changes in 1960s and 1970s Australia. Two-way, open-line or talkback became a venue where the housewife, as a social figure or subject, was encouraged to voice her opinions: it was crucial in managing the contradictory representations of this figure as the changing conditions of capital, including increased work opportunities for women, moves for equal pay and new forms of consumerism, created new modern identifications for women.
18
Jarldorn, Michele. "Radically Rethinking Social Work in the Criminal (in)Justice System in Australia." Affilia 35, no. 3 (December 11, 2019): 327–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109919866160.
Анотація:
Historically, research on prisons and prisoners privileges an individualizing framework, when in fact the prison experience is strongly tied to social stratification and collective identities. Informed by the data created for a Photovoice project with former prisoners in South Australia, I contend that contemporary “criminological” knowledge tends to individualize crime through its own privileged view of the world. This individualizing approach seeps into the ways in which criminalized women experience release into the community after a prison sentence, confirming that society does not believe that imprisonment furnishes any form of “rehabilitation.” There can be no separation between capitalism, the prison industrial complex (PIC), and the violence present in carceral settings. This violence, although to a lesser extent than prisoners, is experienced by social workers selling their labor power within the PIC who are co-opted into believing that they can “make a difference.” Yet, social workers, whose codes of ethics are grounded in a framework of human rights, are witness to abuses of human rights on a daily basis within the PIC. Instead of making a difference, they are coerced into silence and roles of social control. The argument proposed here suggests that social workers must radically rethink the place and purpose of prisons by considering them as a violent response by the state to structural social problems that are experienced as politically perpetrated misery and oppression.
19
Chow, Josephine S. F., Veronica Gonzalez-Arce, Andrew Knight, and Friedbert Kohler. "Retrospective analysis of telemonitoring in Wollondilly, Australia." Journal of Integrated Care 26, no. 2 (April 16, 2018): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jica-10-2017-0032.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse early findings from telemonitoring data for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, residing in Wollondilly Shire, New South Wales, Australia. The Shire has 19 small scattered and isolated rural communities, which experience undersupply of healthcare providers. Findings are to be used for further research to support wider implementation of telemonitoring by general practitioners (GPs). Design/methodology/approach Local patients with multiple chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospital admissions were allocated home telemonitoring equipment, entering readings according to their GP management plan. Demographic, biometric and self-assessment readings were retrospectively collected, from July 2015 to April 2016. Findings Data for 18 patients aged 44-87, with equal gender representation was analysed. There was a total of 24,545 data points from 2,932 readings. Over half showed high clinical risk; 93 occasions required GP escalation, 23 per cent for respiratory conditions, in 14 patients. Nine were hospitalised, 51 per cent for respiratory conditions. Practical implications Home telemonitoring of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was found to be a promising patient management approach, providing accurate, reliable health indicators. Its use empowered patients to improve symptom control and health outcomes. Originality/value Experience in Australian general practice with telemonitoring is limited. High protocol compliance occurred, risk indicators were obtained and the value of home telemonitoring was confirmed.
20
Hlatshwayo, Mondli. "The Trials and Tribulations of Zimbabwean Precarious Women Workers in Johannesburg: A Cry for Help?" Qualitative Sociology Review 15, no. 1 (May 23, 2019): 62–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.15.1.03.
Анотація:
There is a growing literature on the conditions of Zimbabwean women working as migrant workers in South Africa, specifically in cities like Johannesburg. Based on in-depth interviews and documentary analysis, this empirical research paper contributes to scholarship examining the conditions of migrant women workers from Zimbabwe employed as precarious workers in Johannesburg by zooming in on specific causes of migration to Johannesburg, the journey undertaken by the migrant women to Johannesburg, challenges of documentation, use of networks to survive in Johannesburg, employment of the women in precarious work, and challenges in the workplace. Rape and sexual violence are threats that face the women interviewed during migration to Johannesburg and even when in Johannesburg. The police who are supposed to uphold and protect the law are often found to be perpetrators involved in various forms of violence against women. In the workplace, the women earn starvation wages and work under poor working conditions. Human rights organizations and trade unions are unable to reach the many migrant women because of the sheer volume of violations against workers’ rights and human rights.
21
Kavian, Foorough, Kaye Mehta, Eileen Willis, Lillian Mwanri, Paul Ward, and Sue Booth. "Migration, Stress and the Challenges of Accessing Food: An Exploratory Study of the Experience of Recent Afghan Women Refugees in Adelaide, Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041379.
Анотація:
This study explored the migration and food experiences of Afghani women refugees residing in Adelaide, South Australia for 2 years or less. In-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 women between May and September 2017. The data were thematically analysed, and the Social Determinants of Health Framework was used to discuss the findings. Five key themes emerged from the data. In the transition country (Iran/Pakistan), respondents experienced (i) trauma, discrimination and exclusion and (ii) familiar food culture, but food stress. In the destination country (Adelaide, Australia) respondents experienced (iii) a sense of precariousness, (iv) unfamiliar food culture and (v) challenges in accessing halal food. Afghani refugees experienced considerable stressors both in the transition and the final destination country but for different reasons. In the transition country, stresses related to the lack of social services and support, discrimination, racism and poverty seemed to have affected their ability to afford food. In Australia stressors pertaining to socioeconomic, housing and employment precariousness, as well as difficulties in accessing halal foods were identified as challenges. Furthermore, food stress in Australia was associated with the cultural appropriateness of food, the complexity of the food system, and the women’s lack of skills and experiences in navigating the food system. With increasing refugee and immigration flows globally, it is necessary to acknowledge how food and social determinants intersect for refugee immigrants to ensure positive health outcomes.
22
Hunter, Sally V. "Beyond Surviving." Journal of Family Issues 30, no. 3 (July 1, 2008): 391–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x08321493.
Анотація:
The aim of this research project was to explore how men and women constructed a sense of self through narrative following an early sexual experience with an adult. Using narrative inquiry methodology, 22 in-depth interviews were conducted in New South Wales, Australia, with 13 women and 9 men ages between 25 and 70. All participants had an early sexual experience at the age of 15 or younger with someone 18 or older. Narrative analysis was used to examine the co-constructed stories that emerged. Participants told four evolving narratives about their experiences: narratives of silence, of ongoing suffering, of transformation, and of transcendence. The gender differences between these narratives have been examined in the light of the literature relating to childhood sexual abuse, the victim and survivor discourses, and the social construction of gender.
23
Hawkins, E. R., and D. F. Gartside. "Social and Behavioural Characteristics of Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in northern New South Wales, Australia." Australian Mammalogy 30, no. 2 (2008): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am08009.
Анотація:
Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) are one of the most common genera of cetacea encountered throughout the world?s tropical and temperate regions. However, there is relatively little knowledge on the populations of bottlenose dolphins in Australia. The present study assessed the pod characteristics, behaviour, movement patterns and social structure of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in coastal inshore waters off northern New South Wales, Australia, using vessel-based and land-based surveys. Dolphins spent most time travelling (38%), followed by milling (31%), feeding (19%), and socialising (12%). The mean pod size of dolphins in Byron Bay was 13 (S.D. = 12). The social foundation of this population was characterised by sexual segregation. Significant variations were found between the mean size of mother-calf pods (21; S.D. = 15) and adult-only pods (5; S.D. = 5). Two ?resident? groups of females were identified that occupied adjacent territories of between 177 km� and 320 km�. ?Resident? females appeared to maintain loose associations with other ?resident? females (HWI = 0.28; S.D. = 0.66). Despite the large differences in environmental conditions, habitats and prey species, it appeared that the social organisation, movement patterns and behaviour of T. aduncus populations in coastal regions is similar. The Byron Bay population of dolphins is not presently heavily impacted by interactions with humans, compared to populations with regular commercial dolphin-watching operations. This means the population may provide important base-line data for assessment of potential human impacts on dolphin populations.
24
Freeman, Toby, Fran Baum, Ronald Labonté, Sara Javanparast, and Angela Lawless. "Primary health care reform, dilemmatic space and risk of burnout among health workers." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 22, no. 3 (February 17, 2017): 277–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459317693404.
Анотація:
Health system changes may increase primary health care workers’ dilemmatic space, created when reforms contravene professional values. Dilemmatic space may be a risk factor for burnout. This study partnered with six Australian primary health care services (in South Australia: four state government–managed services including one Aboriginal health team and one non-government organisation and in Northern Territory: one Aboriginal community–controlled service) during a period of change and examined workers’ dilemmatic space and incidence of burnout. Dilemmatic space and burnout were assessed in a survey of 130 staff across the six services (58% response rate). Additionally, 63 interviews were conducted with practitioners, managers, regional executives and health department staff. Dilemmatic space occurred across all services and was associated with higher rates of self-reported burnout. Three conditions associated with dilemmatic space were (1) conditions inherent in comprehensive primary health care, (2) stemming from service provision for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and (3) changes wrought by reorientation to selective primary health care in South Australia. Responses to dilemmatic space included ignoring directives or doing work ‘under the radar’, undertaking alternative work congruent with primary health care values outside of hours, or leaving the organisation. The findings show that comprehensive primary health care was contested and political. Future health reform processes would benefit from considering alignment of changes with staff values to reduce negative effects of the reform and safeguard worker wellbeing.
25
T., Dune，, Stewart, J., Tronc, W., Lee, V., Mapedzahama, V., Firdaus, R., and Mekonnen, T. "Resilience in the Face of Adversity: Narratives from Ageing Indigenous Women in Australia." International Journal of Social Science Studies 6, no. 3 (February 12, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v6i3.3025.
Анотація:
There is an increasing body of work identifying and analyzing notions of resilience from indigenous perspectives. Notwithstanding the utility of this research for the Australian context (some parallels may be cautiously inferred for some Indigenous Australian groups), critical knowledge gaps exist in our understanding of how Australian Indigenous peoples, particularly Indigenous women, construct, perform and express resilience. This paper addresses this gap by presenting data from focus group discussions with 11 Indigenous Australian women, which highlights how the women confront the everyday challenges of ‘being Indigenous’. The women spoke of not only of a strong sense of identity in the face of negative stereotypes but also demonstrated their ability to adapt to change, rebound from negative historical socio-cultural and political systemic changes and ways to keep their identities and cultures strong within contemporary Australia. We contend that a focus on Indigenous resilience is more significant for social change because it not only moves away from deficit-discourses about Indigenous Australian groups, it highlights their remarkable strengths in adapting, recovering and continuing in white-centric, antagonistic conditions.
26
El-Matrah, Joumanah, and Kamalle Dabboussy. "Guilty When Innocent. Australian Government’s Resistance to Bringing Home Wives and Children of Islamic State Fighters." Social Sciences 10, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10060202.
Анотація:
Currently there are 20 Australian women and 47 children being held in the Al-Roj camp in Northern Syria, who are the family members of Islamic State fighters. The Australian government argues that it is both unsafe for government officials to rescue those held in the camp and unsafe for Australia to repatriate these women and children. This security rhetoric is commonly understood as Australia’s abandonment of its citizens and their entitlements to protection and repatriation. This paper argues that the Australian government is condemning its citizens to a condition of statelessness and displacement, simulating the following conditions under which refugees and asylum seekers are forced to live: murder, violence, deprivation of adequate food and shelter, disease, and the potential hazards of the COVID-19 infection. Rendering its citizens to a condition of statelessness and displacement constitutes both punishment meted out on those deemed guilty by their presence in Syria, and provides the Australian government the opportunity to revoke the citizenship of women and children. Three Australian women who travelled to Syria have already been stripped of their Australian citizenship. This paper explores the conditions and methods by which the Australian government has erased the entitlements, protections and certainty of citizenship for Australian Muslim women and children.
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O'Callaghan, Cathy, Uday Yadav, Sudha Natarajan, Saroja Srinivasan, and Ritin Fernandez. "Prevalence and predictors of multimorbidity among immigrant Asian Indian women residing in Sydney Australia: A cross-sectional study." F1000Research 10 (July 22, 2021): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52052.1.
Анотація:
Abstract Background: There has been a rise in multimorbidity as people age and technology advances which is challenging for health systems. Multimorbidity prevalence varies globally due to various biological and social risk factors which can be accentuated or mitigated for populations in migration. This study investigated the prevalence and predictors of multimorbidity amongst a group of migrant Asian Indian women living in Australia. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design using convenience sampling investigated the multimorbidity risk factors among first generation migrant Asian Indian women in Australia. This study was part of a larger study titled “Measuring Acculturation and Psychological Health of Senior Indian Women Living in Australia” that was conducted in Sydney, Australia. Data were collected using validated instruments as well as investigator developed questions. Women completed questionnaire surveys either by themselves or through the assistance of bilingual coordinators as English was not their first language. Results: 26% of the participants had one chronic condition and 74% had multimorbidities. The prevalence of individual conditions included cardiovascular disease 67.0%, osteoarthritis 57.6%, depression 37.4%, diabetes 31.5%, chronic respiratory conditions 10.8%, cancer 4.9% and nephrological problems 1.47%. In the unadjusted model, factors such as increasing age, education level, employment status, living arrangements, low physical activity, and elements of acculturative stress were significantly associated with multimorbidity. Multi-variable analysis identified the acculturative stress factor of threat to ethnic identity as a predictor of multimorbidity. Conclusion: Identifying the key determinants of multimorbidity in older adults from a migrant community with pre-existing risk factors can assist with the development of culturally appropriate strategies to identify people at risk of health conditions and to mitigate the health effects of acculturative stress.
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Taylor, Richard, Andrew Page, Stephen Morrell, Greg Carter, and James Harrison. "Socio-economic differentials in mental disorders and suicide attempts in Australia." British Journal of Psychiatry 185, no. 6 (December 2004): 486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.185.6.486.
Анотація:
BackgroundResponses to mental disorders usually focus on treatment; socio-economic conditions are less likely to be considered.AimsTo examine social determinants of mental disorders and attempted suicide in Australia.MethodData from the 1997 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (n=10 641) were used to estimate associations between socio-economic status, mental disorders and attempted suicide. Logistic regression was used to adjust for age, urban/rural residence and country of birth. Socio-economic status differentials in suicide attempts were also adjusted for mental disorders.ResultsSignificant increasing gradients from high to low levels of education and occupational status (employed) were evident for affective disorders and anxiety disorders in both men and women and for substance use disorders in men. Similar gradients were found for suicide attempts, which decreased after adjusting for mental disorders, but remained significant in the working-age employed.ConclusionsThese findings suggest social causation of mental disorders and suicide attempts, and the need for social and economic responses beyond provision of mental health services.
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Udah, Hyacinth. "‘Not by Default Accepted’: The African Experience of Othering and Being Othered in Australia." Journal of Asian and African Studies 53, no. 3 (January 23, 2017): 384–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909616686624.
Анотація:
In the face of the increasing migration of black Africans to Australia, this paper seeks to raise conversations about the meta-discourses of Otherness in the Australian society. The paper aims to provide insights into black Africans’ experience of othering and being othered in Australia. The paper draws from a broader study which examined the lived experiences of Africans in South East Queensland and highlights that the presentation of white as norm in Australia, one of or the institutional and social contexts that create conditions reinforcing othering practices, is perpetuated, especially, when the racial order in society is not acknowledged and challenged. The paper proposes that the condition of Africans in Australia may not just be explained by their immigration status or their lack of skills but linked to how they are positioned and constructed in Australia as visible ‘Others.’
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Hastuti, Hastuti, and Edi Widodo. "The Roles of Women in Food Security in South Merapi Slope Villages." Asian Social Science 16, no. 9 (August 31, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n9p1.
Анотація:
Economic conditions and poverty in rural areas have become problems in meeting the needs of food as the most basic needs/need. This problem can lead to food insecurity. This research aims to: (1) examine the characteristics of women; (2) study the obstacles faced by women in achieving food security; and (3) investigate women's efforts to achieve food security. The data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive technique by means of frequency tables. The livelihood diversification in Jetis Suruh was more visible than that in Bulus Lor. The fulfillment of individual food needs was related to economic, social, and cultural conditions. The year-round food needs of both villages indicated the need for food throughout the year. The need for food throughout the year in Bulus Lor was relatively better than that in Jetis Suruh. In general, food security in Bulus Lor was better than that in Jetis Suruh. Food security included the quantity and quality of food that met the standard of living of all family members. The availability of food in every household experienced dynamics at a certain time. When confronted with the limited food availability challenge, food for fathers was prioritized and this was dominant in both villages. Strategies to expand the diversification of businesses undertaken to increase household incomes included mobilizing all household members to go to work, borrowing money to make ends meet, saving money, reducing food, reducing the quality of food consumption, migrating jobs, and asking for help from family through friendship.
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Tran, Dai Binh, and Hanh Thi My Tran. "Women’s health: a benefit of education in Australia." Health Education 119, no. 4 (June 3, 2019): 259–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-11-2018-0053.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between education and health amongst Australian women. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia data set. Spouse’s education is employed as an instrument to solve the potential endogeneity of educational attainment. Findings The results indicate that an additional year of schooling can lead to an increase in self-reported health, physical health, mental health and a reduced likelihood of having long-term health conditions. Women who are not in the labour force are likely to enjoy higher benefits of education compared to their employed counterparts. The findings also suggest that the relationship between education and health can be explained by the extent of positive health behaviours and social capital as mediators. Research limitations/implications The conclusion from the results might be different in the case of men, reducing the generalisability of the results. Several objective health variables should be used to provide further aspects of health on which education has an impact. Practical implications As the positive effect of education on women’s health is empirically found, investment in women’s education should be seriously considered and reevaluated. Originality/value This paper focuses on Australian women which not only reduces the heterogeneity between genders but also adds to the rare number of studies on this topic in Australia. This paper also employs a formal mediation analysis to examine what are the mechanisms explaining the relationship between education and health.
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Watson, Juliet, and Hernán Cuervo. "Youth homelessness: A social justice approach." Journal of Sociology 53, no. 2 (April 21, 2017): 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783317705204.
Анотація:
Social justice approaches that work towards eliminating youth homelessness with a sole focus on material needs overlook the significance of non-material aspects, such as the impact of social exclusion and stigma on individuals’ subjectivities. The lack of social legitimacy associated with homelessness is exacerbated under neoliberal conditions, with the shift from social to individual responsibility positioning those unable to achieve the normative transition to adulthood as social failures. We draw on interviews with young homeless women in Australia to extend the emerging sociological focus on the relational aspects of homelessness through a social justice lens. We analyse the association between subjectivity, stigma and neoliberalism, and draw on Iris Marion Young’s theory of justice to highlight how these shape experiences of homelessness. We conclude that overcoming homelessness requires policies and practices that give a greater focus to non-material aspects of homelessness through an emphasis on empowerment, self-respect and autonomy.
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Mitchell, Tony. "Doppio: a Trilingual Touring Theatre for Australia." New Theatre Quarterly 8, no. 29 (February 1992): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00006333.
Анотація:
Doppio is a theatre company which uses three languages – English, Italian, and a synthetic migrant dialect it calls ‘Emigrante’ – to explore the conditions of the large community of Italian migrants in Australia. It works, too, in three different kinds of theatrical territory, all with an increasingly feminist slant – those of multicultural theatrein-education; of community theatre based in the Italian clubs of South Australia; and of documentary theatre, exploring the roots and the past of a previously marginalized social group. The company's work was seen in 1990 at the Leeds Festival of Youth Theatre, but its appeal is fast increasing beyond the confines of specialisms, ethnic or theatric, and being recognized in the ‘mainstream’ of Australian theatrical activity. Tony Mitchell – a regular contributor to NTQ, notably on the work of Dario Fo – who presently teaches in the Department of Theatre Studies in the University of Technology in Sydney, here provides an analytical introduction to the company's work, and follows this with an interview with one of its directors and co-founders, Teresa Crea.
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Asiedu-Danso, Michelle, Irene A. Kretchy, Jeremiah Kobby Sekyi, and Augustina Koduah. "Adherence to Antidiabetic Medications among Women with Gestational Diabetes." Journal of Diabetes Research 2021 (August 6, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9941538.
Анотація:
Background. Optimal adherence to prescribed medications in women with gestational diabetes is relevant for perinatal outcomes. Objective. To summarize available information on the prevalence and factors contributing to medication adherence in women with gestational diabetes from the biological and psychosocial perspectives. Methods. A literature search on adherence in gestational diabetes was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Directory of Open Access Journals for studies published on the topic. The Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews was used to explore and summarize the evidence. Results. A total of 2395 studies were retrieved of which 13 fully met the eligibility criteria. The studies were reported in Zimbabwe ( n = 5 ), Iran ( n = 1 ), Mexico ( n = 1 ), South India ( n = 1 ), the United States of America ( n = 4 ), and one multinational study covering Australia, Europe, North and South America. The main types of antidiabetic medications used were insulin ( n = 6 ), metformin ( n = 4 ), and glyburide ( n = 2 ). The prevalence of adherence ranged from 35.6% to 97%, with the assessment tool being self-report measures ( n = 8 ). The main factors associated with nonadherence included worsening pregnancy symptoms, side effects of medications, perceived risks, mental health symptoms, poor social support, and socioeconomic status. Recommendations that evolved from the studies to improve adherence included education, counselling, improved support networks, and social interventions, while the main reported interventional study employed continuous education on the impact of adherence on perinatal outcomes. Conclusion. Medication nonadherence in gestational diabetes seems to be influenced by multiple factors with some educational interventions positively impacting adherence behaviours. Thus, future research in women with gestational diabetes could consider interventions from a multifactorial perspective to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Suárez-Ortega, Magdalena. "Across gender. Work situations of Rural Women in the South of Spain." Qualitative Research in Education 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/qre.2015.1814.
Анотація:
Even though undeniable social changes such as gender discrimination have occurred, the forms of access to public education and employment, as well as the conditions under which these jobs are carried out, are often loaded with sexist biases.Using the biographical-narrative method and a combination of techniques and strategies for gathering and analysing information, the current paper presents an empirical longitudinal study examining the labour situation of rural women who participate in different employment -professional and guidance- training activities. The women´s perceptions and interpretations of their training and professional situations wereanalysed, as well as their opportunities related to finding a job when they completed their education. Additionally, this study examined the extent to which the public services for employment training were adequate andfunctionalfor women regarding whether these services achieved their anticipated aims.We concluded gender inequalities on the employment situation of women, and the importance of implementing urgent measures to fight against the employment crisis from an equality way.
36
Suárez-Ortega, Magdalena. "Across gender. Work situations of Rural Women in the South of Spain." Qualitative Research in Education 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/qre.2016.1814.
Анотація:
Even though undeniable social changes such as gender discrimination have occurred, the forms of access to public education and employment, as well as the conditions under which these jobs are carried out, are often loaded with sexist biases.Using the biographical-narrative method and a combination of techniques and strategies for gathering and analysing information, the current paper presents an empirical longitudinal study examining the labour situation of rural women who participate in different employment -professional and guidance- training activities. The women´s perceptions and interpretations of their training and professional situations wereanalysed, as well as their opportunities related to finding a job when they completed their education. Additionally, this study examined the extent to which the public services for employment training were adequate andfunctionalfor women regarding whether these services achieved their anticipated aims.We concluded gender inequalities on the employment situation of women, and the importance of implementing urgent measures to fight against the employment crisis from an equality way.
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JARVIS, LAUREN V. "A CHIEF IS A CHIEF BY THE WOMEN? THE NAZARETHA CHURCH, GENDER, AND TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY IN MTUNZINI, SOUTH AFRICA, 1900–48." Journal of African History 56, no. 1 (January 30, 2015): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853714000656.
Анотація:
AbstractIn a historiography that paints relations between chiefs and women as antagonistic, the history of the Nazaretha Church in Mtunzini, South Africa in the early twentieth century sheds light on conditions that allowed chiefs and women to find common ground. During the era of segregation, Mtunzini was, on one hand, subject to relatively less interference from white government officials, but, on the other, ravaged by social and economic change. In this context, the Nazaretha Church flourished thanks to the support of many chiefs and women. The religious community not only proposed new answers to related questions about health, healing, and morality, but it also afforded chiefs and women important social options amid rural decline and challenges to traditional authority.
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Suman. "Gendered Migrations and Literary Narratives: Writing Communities in South Asian Diaspora." Millennial Asia 9, no. 1 (April 2018): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976399617753755.
Анотація:
Migrations are gendered journeys. During contemporary times when migrations happen due to personal reasons like pursuit of better job opportunities, the spouses, mostly women, face several challenges in finding jobs and sustaining a career. Many of these qualified women often turn to alternate means of finding identity and fulfilment. Writing is one activity that provides them with this sense of purpose and achievement. The personal act of writing a literary text becomes as much a social activity when few of them form writing communities. This socio-literary study begins with an analysis of the social and material conditions that foster gendered migrations, and goes on to analyse writing as an alternate career, the role these gendered writing communities play in the process of writing, publishing and marketing as well as the choice of certain topics, like romance, thus functioning as mini-publishing houses. Through detailed interviews of five women writers of South Asian origin, this paper posits that these popular narratives, the products of these writing communities, are very temporal in nature and a product of interesting intersections between migrations as a condition and the gendered communities.
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Park, Myung-Bae, Eun Woo Nam, Chun-Bae Kim, Hae Jong Lee, Kwang-Soo Lee, and Sang-Baek Koh. "Favorable and unfavorable health conditions within OECD countries: An exploratory study." SAGE Open Medicine 6 (January 1, 2018): 205031211775384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312117753847.
Анотація:
Objectives: This study compared the physical, mental, and social health levels among Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. Methods: We sampled from 34 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries and divided physical, mental, and social health into three domains based on World Health Organization health definitions. Results: A multivariate hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to group countries that were similar in terms of health. Regarding physical health, Japan, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, and ten more countries reported favorable health conditions. For mental health, Australia, Canada and eight more countries revealed favorable conditions. Finally, in terms of social health, Austria, Finland, Iceland, and seven more countries reported favorable conditions. Sweden and Switzerland reported the best health conditions aggregated across all three domains. Conversely, Estonia, Hungary, and Turkey reported comparatively poorer health across all three domains when compared with other Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. Conclusions: We suggested that mental health policy should be further strengthened in cases of Korea and Japan. In case of the Eastern Bloc countries, health policies should be established focusing on health equity for effective improvement of indicators.
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CHAZAN, MAY. "Everyday mobilisations among grandmothers in South Africa: survival, support and social change in the era of HIV/AIDS." Ageing and Society 34, no. 10 (August 8, 2013): 1641–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x13000317.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTIn many sub-Saharan African communities, caring for vulnerable children in the era of HIV/AIDS appears to be creating deep financial, physical and psychological strains for care-givers, the great majority of whom are ageing women or ‘grandmothers’. Yet, limited primary research has been carried out with older women in specific communities, and therefore grandmothers' collective responses, sources of support, complex lived experiences, and diverse family situations are not well understood. This paper presents the findings of research undertaken in four communities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, between 2006 and 2010. The purpose was to understand the daily stresses, collective responses and mobilisations of older women in these communities. The research involved repeated focus groups, interviews and participant observation involving approximately 100 older women. In the analysis, attention is given to the diversities among participants, the ways in which HIV/AIDS intermingles with other stresses in their lives to drive their mobilisations, and their collective responses, even amidst highly constrained conditions. Through these lenses, the paper illuminates how older women in these communities are organising in response to the combined, devastating and diverse effects of HIV/AIDS, poverty, violence and illness. It also suggests that, counter to some stereotyping of ‘African grandmothers’ as frail or passive, these women are forming associations in order to generate incomes, resist stigma, connect with broader support networks and provide care to hundreds in their communities.
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Cohen, Tamara, and Luendree Moodley. "Achieving "decent work" in South Africa?" Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 15, no. 2 (May 25, 2017): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2012/v15i2a2490.
Анотація:
The fundamental goal of the International Labour Organisation is the achievement of decent and productive work for both women and men in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity. The South African government has pledged its commitment to the attainment of decent work and sustainable livelihoods for all workers and has undertaken to mainstream decent work imperatives into national development strategies. The four strategic objectives of decent work as identified by the ILO are: i) the promotion of standards and rights at work, to ensure that worker's constitutionally protected rights to dignity, equality and fair labour practices, amongst others, are safeguarded by appropriate legal frameworks; (ii) the promotion of employment creation and income opportunities, with the goal being not just the creation of jobs but the creation of jobs of acceptable quality; (iii) the provision and improvement of social protection and social security, which are regarded as fundamental to the alleviation of poverty, inequality and the burden of care responsibilities; and (iv) the promotion of social dialogue and tripartism. This article considers the progress made towards the attainment of these decent work objectives in South Africa, using five statistical indicators to measure such progress namely: (i) employment opportunities; (ii) adequate earnings and productive work; (iii) stability and security of work; (iv) social protection; and (v) social dialogue and workplace relations. It concludes that high levels of unemployment and a weakened economy in South Africa have given rise to a growing informal sector and an increase in unacceptable working conditions and exploitation. The rights of workers in the formal sector have not filtered down to those in the informal sector, who remains vulnerable and unrepresented. Job creation initiatives have been undermined by the global recession and infrastructural shortcomings and ambitious governmental targets appear to be unachievable, with youth unemployment levels and gender inequalities remaining of grave concern. Social protection programmes fail to provide adequate coverage to the majority of the economically active population. Social dialogue processes and organisational structures fail to accommodate or represent the interests of the informal sector. Until these problems are overcome, the article concludes, it remains unlikely that decent work imperatives will be attained.
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Hussain, Rafat, Stuart Wark, and Peta Ryan. "Caregiving, Employment and Social Isolation: Challenges for Rural Carers in Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 16, 2018): 2267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102267.
Анотація:
Australia has one of the world’s highest life expectancy rates, and there is a rapidly growing need for informal caregivers to support individuals who are ageing, have chronic illness or a lifelong disability. These informal carers themselves face numerous physical and psychological stressors in attempting to balance the provision of care with their personal life, their work commitments and family responsibilities. However, little is known about the specific challenges facing rural carers and the barriers that limit their capacity to provide ongoing support. A cross-sectional survey composed of open-ended responses and demographic/socioeconomic measures used routinely by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) and the Australian Institute of Health & Welfare (AIHW) was used with a cohort of 225 rurally-based carers within New South Wales, Australia. Demographic questions specified the respondents’ age, gender, employment, caregiving status, condition of and relationship to the care recipient, postcode, residency status, and distance and frequency travelled to provide care. Open-ended comments sections were provided to allow participants to describe any issues and problems associated with caregiving including employment, travel, residency, carer support groups and any other general information. The results show that most rural carers were middle-aged women supporting a spouse or a child. Unpredictability associated with providing care exacerbated demands on carers’ time, with many reporting significant employment consequences associated with inflexibility and limited job options in rural locations. Specific issues associated with travel requirements to assist with care were reported, as were the impacts of care provision on the respondents’ own personal health. The majority of carers were aware of the social supports available in their local rural community, but did not access them, leaving the carers vulnerable to marginalisation. Problems associated with employment were noted as resulting in financial pressures and associated personal stress and anxiety for the caregivers. While this issue is not necessarily limited to rural areas, it would appear that the lack of opportunity and flexibility evident in rural areas would exacerbate this problem for non-metropolitan residents. The participants also identified specific barriers to the provision of care in rural areas, including the significant impact of travel. Access to support services, such as carer groups, were rarely accessed due to a mix of factors including inaccessibility, poor timing and a lack of anonymity. Financially, there was considerable evidence of hardship, and there is an urgent need for a comprehensive review of government and community-based support to better meet the needs of rural carers.
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Albertyn, Cathi. "Claiming and defending abortion rights in South Africa." Revista Direito GV 11, no. 2 (December 2015): 429–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-2432201519.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT The South African transition to democracy enabled successful claims for gender equality and reproductive rights in the Constitution and in law. This article explores that transition with a focus on the enactment of a progressive abortion law; the feminist, rights and public health narratives that justified it; and the manner in which it transformed constitutional and legal norms about women and reproductive choice, despite a broadly conservative society. Then, it discusses twenty years of the Act in practice, highlighting its uneven implementation in the face of significant normative resistance and changing narratives. It also describes the ebb and flow of rights protection in changing social and political conditions, and demonstrates the importance of constitutional and legal guarantees to abortion as a bulwark against their erosion. At the same time, it illustrates the importance of political will, feminist narratives and civil society activism in maintaining effective access to safe, legal abortion for poor, black, working class and rural women.
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Olusanya, Olufunto A., and Adam E. Barry. "Letter to the Editor: Why do pregnant South African women drink alcohol? A call to action for more qualitative investigations." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 4, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.213.
Анотація:
Olusanya, O., & Barry, A. (2015). Letter to the Editor: Why do pregnant South African women drink alcohol? A call to action for more qualitative investigations. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(2), 171-174. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.213Even though the adverse effects of alcohol consumption during pregnancy have been well documented, millions of babies each year continue to be affected by fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). This is concerning given that FASD is completely preventable. FASDs have been documented across a variety of races and geographical regions worldwide, yet the highest known prevalence rates are recorded in Africa. Specifically, for every 1000 children born in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, approximately 59.3 to 91.0 are determined to have fetal alcohol syndrome, the most severe form of FASD. While the risk factors contributing to FASDs have been examined quantitatively among South African women, there is a dearth of qualitative investigations that articulate and contextualize the underling motivations, beliefs, and attitudes that influence these risk factors. Qualitative investigations have been conducted in other geographic regions (e.g., Australia), but are not generalizable to South Africa. Qualitative investigations, which explore the familial, social, cultural, and economic factors that influence maternal drinking, are needed to inform future health promotion programs and interventions aimed at decreasing and ultimately eliminating maternal alcohol consumption among South African women.
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Bosire, Edna N., Emily Mendenhall, and Lesley Jo Weaver. "Comorbid Suffering: Breast Cancer Survivors in South Africa." Qualitative Health Research 30, no. 6 (March 24, 2020): 917–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732320911365.
Анотація:
Cycles of chronic illness are unpredictable, especially when multiple conditions are involved, and that instability can transform “normal” everyday life for individuals and their families. This article employs a theory of “comorbid suffering” to interpret how multiple concurrent diagnoses produce webs of remarkable suffering. We collected 50 life stories from breast cancer survivors enrolled in the South Africa Breast Cancer Study. We present three women’s narratives who grapple with comorbid suffering and illness-related work, which arise interpersonally when comorbid illnesses affects social interactions. We found that women strive to create a balance between living with comorbid suffering and continuously performing routine activities amid treatment. Discrimination and isolation were underpinned by women’s fear of being rejected by their families or how their illnesses created social distance between family members and the wider community. This study therefore illustrates how comorbid suffering requires intensive family commitments amid and beyond illness.
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Kim, Bok-Tae, and Cheon Geun Choi. "Understanding female marriage immigrants’ participation in economic activities and their working conditions in South Korea." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 27, no. 3 (August 27, 2018): 343–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0117196818793737.
Анотація:
Using data from the 2012 National Multicultural Family Survey, this study examines various factors that influence female marriage immigrants’ participation in economic activities and their working conditions in South Korea. The results suggest that household characteristics, human capital and social relations–discrimination factors, as well as experience with employment support services, have significant positive effects on female marriage immigrants’ participation in economic activities and their working conditions. While the government’s employment support services positively affect marriage immigrants’ decision to participate in economic activities, they do not contribute toward improving their working conditions. There is a need for governmental employment support services to take specific actions to help improve the working conditions of immigrant women.
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Hanna, Shaddy, Chun Wah Michael Tam, Andrew Knight, Linheng Zhao, Lucille Ban, Belinda Pellizzon, and James Parks. "The ED2GP (emergency department to general practice) for Women study: understanding lower follow-up rates among older women." Australian Journal of Primary Health 26, no. 5 (2020): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py19221.
Анотація:
Older women seem to have lower GP follow-up rates after an emergency department (ED) discharge than men. This qualitative study investigated how older women seek GP follow up after an ED visit. In 2018, women aged ≥65 years were recruited from an ED in a suburban hospital in south-western Sydney, Australia, and then contacted 1 week later for a telephone interview exploring factors associated with their follow-up behaviour. Grounded theory was used to construct a potential explanatory model of follow-up behaviours. Of the 100 women recruited, 64% had attended a GP follow up by Day 7, as instructed. The balance of perceived cost and benefit of GP follow up emerged as a useful model to understand the factors affecting follow-up behaviour. Perceived costs included inconvenience caused to self and others, access to transport options and the availability of a patient’s GP. Perceived benefits included previous experiences with the healthcare system, pre-existing health-seeking behaviours and ED messaging. Our findings suggest that follow-up rates could be improved by strengthening the perceived benefit of GP follow up at the point of ED discharge, in addition to addressing perceived costs. Approaches may include ensuring discharge instructions are purposeful and given in the company of an older woman’s social supports.
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Byles, Julie E., Md Mijanur Rahman, Emily M. Princehorn, Elizabeth G. Holliday, Lucy Leigh, Deborah Loxton, John Beard, Paul Kowal, and Carol Jagger. "Successful ageing from old to very old: a longitudinal study of 12,432 women from Australia." Age and Ageing 48, no. 6 (September 30, 2019): 803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz116.
Анотація:
Abstract Objectives We examined the development of disease and disability in a large cohort of older women, the extent to which these conditions exempt them from being classified as successful agers and different trajectories of disease, disability and longevity across women’s later life. Methods We used survey data from 12,432 participants of the 1921–26 birth cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women’s Health from 1996 (age 70–75) to 2016 (age 90–95). Repeated measures latent class analysis (RMLCA) identified trajectories of the development of disease with or without disability and according to longevity. Bivariate analyses and multivariable multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the association between participants’ baseline characteristics and membership of the latent classes. Results Over one-third of women could be considered to be successful agers when in their early 70s, few women could still be classified in this category throughout their later life or by the end of the study when they were in their 90s (~1%). RMLCA identified six trajectory groups including managed agers long survivors (9.0%) with disease but little disability, usual agers long survivors (14.9%) with disease and disability, usual agers (26.6%) and early mortality (25.7%). A small group of women having no major disease or disability well into their 80s were identified as successful agers (5.5%). A final group, missing surveys (18.3%), had a high rate of non-death attrition. Groups were differentiated by a number of social and health factors including marital status, education, smoking, body mass index, exercise and social support. Conclusions The study shows different trajectories of disease and disability in a cohort of ageing women, over time and through to very old ages. While some women continue into very old age with no disease or disability, many more women live long with disease but little disability, remaining independent beyond their capacity to be classified as successful agers.
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Pardy, Maree, Juliet Rogers, and Nan Seuffert. "Perversion and Perpetration in Female Genital Mutilation Law: The Unmaking of Women as Bearers of Law." Social & Legal Studies 29, no. 2 (July 23, 2019): 273–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663919856681.
Анотація:
Female genital cutting (FGC) or, more controversially, female genital mutilation, has motivated the implementation of legislation in many English-speaking countries, the product of emotive images and arguments that obscure the realities of the practices of FGC and the complexity of the role of the practitioner. In Australia, state and territory legislation was followed, in 2015, with a conviction in New South Wales highlighting the problem with laws that speak to fantasies of ‘mutilation’. This article analyses the positioning of Islamic women as victims of their culture, represented as performing their roles as vehicles for demonic possession, unable to authorize agency or law. Through a perverse framing of ‘mutilation’, and in the case through the interpretation of the term ‘mutilation’, practices of FGC as law performed by women are obscured, avoiding the challenge of a real multiculturalism that recognises lawful practices of migrant cultures in democratic countries.
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Moni, Nurun Naher, Mohammed Ziaul Haider, and Md Mahedi Al Masud. "Institutional practices and vulnerability of shrimp fry catchers in the south-west region of Bangladesh." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 11 (November 5, 2018): 1533–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-08-2017-0312.
Анотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the dynamics of institutional practices, socio-economic status and vulnerability of shrimp fry catchers in the south-west region of Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach This study draws on primary research conducted through face-to-face interviews with women fry collectors in the south-west region of Bangladesh. This study attempts to identify the nature and extent of the impact of institutional practices on the women engaged in catching fry regarding their positioning within the institutional framework. Findings In the coastal region of Bangladesh, the shrimp sector has opened up economic opportunities for women in terms of access to income and employment. However, women have to make a trade-off between employment gain in terms of wage and health hazards caused due to poor working conditions. The findings of the study indicate that shrimp fry catching, complemented by other sources of income, can only help women to survive. The study also finds that the vulnerability of the fry collectors is the end result of mutually interacting institutional practices under different institutional domains. Accordingly, recommendations are made with a view to effectively utilizing social capital at the community level, which will be particularly helpful in raising fry catchers’ voice in the local political arena and strengthening their position in the marketplace. Due to the higher preferences of buyers towards wild fry and the participation of a huge number of people in fry collecting, this study suggests rethinking government intervention in this regard. Originality/value This is original research focusing on the underlying structural and institutional factors behind the marginalization and vulnerability of women and devising policies that will enable modification of the factors that restrain women.