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Degni, Filio, Minja Vaherkylä, and Saija Hurme. "Health Behavior and Self-Assessed Health Among Some Long-Term Unemployed Living in Turku, Finland." Open Public Health Journal 10, no. 1 (November 17, 2017): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501710010232.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background:A number of previous studies have concluded that long-term unemployment is destructive to health.Objective:This study examined health behavior and self-assessed health of some long-term unemployed persons living in the city of Turku, in Southwestern Finland.Methodology:The qualitative data were collected from February to March 2016 from 40 long-term unemployed men and women, aged between 31 to 63 years.Results:Of the participants 85% (n=34) reported that their long-term unemployment situation had had a negative impact on their health. There were 95% (n=36) who needed medical care because of their health condition. There were 59% (n=24) who were not satisfied with the healthcare and social services compared to 49% (n=16) who were satisfied with the services.Conclusion:There were more single men than single women among the participants. Half of the participants had a profession of which the women constituted the majority. Several participants were suffering from a chronic disease. The participants were not satisfied of their lives and attributed their health behavior and poor health conditions to their long-term unemployment situation. They were not satisfied also with the healthcare and social services provided to them.
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Laitala, Venla S., Jacob Hjelmborg, Markku Koskenvuo, Ismo Räihä, Juha O. Rinne, Kaare Christensen, Jaakko Kaprio, and Karri Silventoinen. "Shorter Adult Stature Increases the Impact of Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment: A Comparison of Two Nordic Twin Cohorts." Twin Research and Human Genetics 14, no. 6 (December 2011): 544–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.14.6.544.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We analyzed the association between mean height and old age cognition in two Nordic twin cohorts with different childhood living conditions. The cognitive performance of 4720 twin individuals from Denmark (mean age 81.6 years, SD = 4.59) and Finland (mean age 74.4 years, SD = 5.26) was measured using validated cognitive screens. Taller height was associated with better cognitive performance in Finland (β-estimates 0.18 SD/10cm, p value < .001, for men and 0.13 SD, p = .008, for women), but this association was not significant in Denmark (β-estimates 0.0093 SD, p value = .16, for men and 0.0075 SD, p value = .016, for women) when adjusted for age and education/social class. Among Finnish participants higher variability of cognitive performance within shorter height quintiles was observed. Analysis using gene-environment interaction models showed that environmental factors exerted a greater impact on cognitive performance in shorter participants, whereas in taller participants' it was explained mainly by genetic factors. Our results suggest that shorter participants with childhood adversity are more vulnerable to environmental risk factors for cognitive impairment.
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Sobot, Ankica. "Understanding the gender dimension of low fertility: Employment and childbearing in Europe." Stanovnistvo 59, no. 2 (2021): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv200831005s.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this text, the gender dimension of low fertility is considered on the basis of the relevant literature and statistical data regarding the impact of employment on reproductive behaviour in postmodern societies. A review of fertility rates and employment rates of women with young children from 2010 onwards leads to several interesting observations. For example, during the period of study, the birth rate in Hungary increased, while it decreased in Finland by 0.4 children per woman. The most stable and relatively high fertility rates are observed in France and Sweden. At the same time, the employment rate of women with children aged three to five grew in Hungary, but the employment rate of those with children under the age of three was extremely low. In countries with higher fertility, the lowest employment rates for women with children under the age of three are in Finland and France, but they are about four times higher than the rate in Hungary. During the observed period, the employment of mothers remained stable at a relatively high level in Sweden, Norway, and the Netherlands, without differences in female employment according to the age of their children. The fertility rates in these countries are relatively high. The results of empirical research in European countries suggest that the gender dimension of low fertility cannot be understood outside the specific social context, nor without considering the conditions at the micro level. Central to this consideration is the link between low fertility and women?s employment, as raising children is still gender-specific to an extent. However, men can participate in parenthood not only in terms of their reproductive behaviour, but also their right to participate in raising children. In addition, this text identifies negative perceptions of employment that refer to the modalities of worklife balance and the uncertainty regarding female and male employment. Both aspects produce certain effects on the socioeconomic position of the family, which can influence decisions relating to parenthood and the number of children the parents would like to have. In terms of taking action on low birth rates, it could be concluded that endangering families? economic status and reproducing patriarchal gender regimes are not favourable outcomes. This article provides a framework for more concrete research into these issues in Serbian society.
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Lumme, Sonja, Kristiina Manderbacka, Martti Arffman, Sakari Karvonen, and Ilmo Keskimaki. "Cumulative social disadvantage and hospitalisations due to ambulatory care-sensitive conditions in Finland in 2011─2013: a register study." BMJ Open 10, no. 8 (August 2020): e038338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038338.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectivesTo study the interplay between several indicators of social disadvantage and hospitalisations due to ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ACSC) in 2011─2013. To evaluate whether the accumulation of preceding social disadvantage in one point of time or prolongation of social disadvantage had an effect on hospitalisations due to ACSCs. Four common indicators of disadvantage are examined: living alone, low level of education, poverty and unemployment.DesignA population-based register study.SettingNationwide individual-level register data on hospitalisations due to ACSCs for the years 2011–2013 and preceding data on social and socioeconomic factors for the years 2006─2010.ParticipantsFinnish residents aged 45 or older on 1 January 2011.Outcome measureHospitalisations due to ACSCs in 2011–2013. The effect of accumulation of preceding disadvantage in one point of time and its prolongation on ACSCs was studied using modified Poisson regression.ResultsPeople with preceding cumulative social disadvantage were more likely to be hospitalised due to ACSCs. The most hazardous combination was simultaneously living alone, low level of education and poverty among the middle-aged individuals (aged 45–64 years) and the elderly (over 64 years). Risk ratio (RR) of being hospitalised due to ACSC was 3.16 (95% CI 3.03–3.29) among middle-aged men and 3.54 (3.36–3.73) among middle-aged women compared with individuals without any of these risk factors when controlling for age and residential area. For the elderly, the RR was 1.61 (1.57–1.66) among men and 1.69 (1.64–1.74) among women.ConclusionsTo improve social equity in healthcare, it is important to recognise not only patients with cumulative disadvantage but also—as this study shows—patients with particular combinations of disadvantage who may be more susceptible. The identification of these vulnerable patient groups is also necessary to reduce the use of more expensive treatment in specialised healthcare.
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Kekäläinen, Tiia, Enni-Maria Hietavala, Matti Hakamäki, Sarianna Sipilä, Eija K. Laakkonen, and Katja Kokko. "Personality Traits and Changes in Health Behaviors and Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Analysis from Pre-pandemic to Onset and End of the Initial Emergency Conditions in Finland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 7732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157732.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing measures targeting the transmission of the virus impacted everyday life in 2020. This study investigated pre- to in-pandemic changes in health behaviors and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of personality traits in these changes in Finland. Data from a larger population-based cohort study of 51–59-year-old Finnish women were used (n = 358). Self-reported questionnaires gathered information about depressive symptoms, eating behavior, physical activity, and alcohol consumption before the pandemic time, at the onset, and at the end of the COVID-19 emergency conditions. Information about personality traits (extraversion and neuroticism) and sociodemographic factors was available from the pre-pandemic baseline. Women reported more depressive symptoms and unhealthier eating habits at the end of the emergency conditions compared to the pre-pandemic time. An increase in depressive symptoms was associated with changing to unhealthier eating habits. Higher extraversion was associated with a perceived decrease in alcohol consumption and with changing to healthier eating habits. Women with higher neuroticism reported changing to either healthier or unhealthier eating habits. In general, some women reported healthier lifestyle changes while other women reported the opposite. Personality traits help to understand these individual differences in adaptation to the pandemic situation.
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Enroth, Linda, Pauliina Halonen, Kristina Tiainen, Jani Raitanen, and Marja Jylhä. "Cohort profile: The Vitality 90+ Study—a cohort study on health and living conditions of the oldest old in Tampere, Finland." BMJ Open 13, no. 2 (February 2023): e068509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068509.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeVitality 90+ is an ongoing population-based study with repeated cross-sectional data collections. The study was designed to examine trends in health, functioning, living conditions, quality of life and care needs among the oldest old in Finland.ParticipantsNine mailed surveys have been conducted in the city of Tampere between 1995 and 2018. The first three surveys in 1995, 1996 and 1998 included all community-dwelling individuals aged 90 years or older; and the following six surveys in 2001, 2003, 2007, 2010, 2014 and 2018 covered all individuals in Tampere regardless of their living arrangements. In total, the surveys have included 5935 participants (8840 observations). Around 80% of the participants have been women. The participants’ age range has been between 90 and 107 years.Findings to dateThe surveys have consistently asked the same questions over time, covering basic sociodemographic factors, morbidity, functioning, self-rated health (SRH), living arrangements, social relations, quality of life, care needs and providers of care. Survey data have been linked with national register data on health and social service use, mortality and medication. The main findings regarding the time trends show an increase in the proportion of people independent in activities of daily living and mobility. Along with improved functioning, the number of chronic conditions has increased, and SRH has shown a tendency to decline. In addition, we have found increasing occupational class inequalities in functioning and SRH over time.Future plansThe next round of data collection will be completed by the end of 2022. The Vitality 90+ Study welcomes research collaborations that fall within the general aims of the project. The research data 1995–2014 are archived at the Finnish Social Science Data Archive and the data for years 2018 and 2022 will be archived in 2023.
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Allardt, Erik. "Perspektiv och perspektivförskjutningar inom nordisk." Dansk Sociologi 11, no. 4 (August 23, 2006): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v11i4.632.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Paradigms and vicissitudes in the perspectives of 20th century Nordic sociology
Both as regards its own development and its cultural impact 20th century was an era of sociology. There was, however, in the central focuses considerable vicissitudes, clearly observable in the sociology of the Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The de-velopmental patterns can be divided into three periods: (1) an emphasis on evolution and evolutionary explanations of social behavior up to the First World War, (2) a during most of the century prevailing dominance of a sociology emphasizing socialization and societies as wholes with their social structure, normative rules and social func-tions, and (3) at the end of the century an emerging rise of a new view of social life with an accentuation of uncer-tainty, agency, and semiotic interpretation. The institu-tionalization of Nordic academic sociology occurred in the 1940’s, 1950’s and 1960’s.
Towards the end of this period reorientations and protests against the prevailing sociology began to emerge. The dominant research interests today may be summed up in the following four orientations:cultural sociology with an emphasis on semiotic constructions of reality, feminist studies with a special interest in gendered experiences of women, studies of the conditions of the Nordic welfare state, and historically oriented macro social science with a focus on large-scale both European and global trans-formations.
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Del Hoyo, I., L. Crespo, C. García-Moro, M. Hernández, and M. Esparza. "FERTILITY PATTERN AND FITNESS OF THE SPANISH-MEXICAN COLONISTS OF CALIFORNIA (1742–1876)." Journal of Biosocial Science 48, no. 2 (June 9, 2015): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932015000140.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SummaryThe analysis of fertility in colonizing populations is of great interest, since its individuals experience a major environmental change, and fertility rates can reflect the level of adaptation of the population to its new conditions. Using Northrop’s genealogical compilations, this paper examines the fertility pattern of California’s early Spanish-Mexican colonists between 1742 and 1876, their fitness levels and their trend across time throughout the colonizing period. A total of 197 women from 599 compiled families who had completed their reproductive period and had at least one child were analysed. The correlations among variables were also analysed in order to infer the relationship between longevity and fertility, and the influence of fertility determinants. The results show a natural fertility pattern, with a very young age at marriage and birth of first child (17.2 and 19.1 years respectively), and also a young age at last childbirth (38.8 years). The population’s fitness showed greater values than for contemporary European populations, with 8 of 9.2 children surviving to adulthood, in comparison with 55% of newborns in Finland for the same period, suggesting a good adaptation of the population to their new environmental conditions. No relationship between fertility and lifespan was observed, as has been reported by other authors and in opposition to classical theories. A temporal trend in the number of children, consisting of three different phases, was observed, in accordance with the stability of living conditions in the region.
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Simpura, Jussi, and Thomas Karlsson. "Trends in drinking patterns among adult population in 15 European countries, 1950 to 2000: a review." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 18, no. 1_suppl (February 2001): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507250101801s08.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Jussi Simpura & Thomas Karlsson: Trends in drinking patterns among adult population in 15 European countries, 1950 to 2000: a review Under the auspices of the European Comparative Alcohol Study (ECAS), data was compiled on trends in drinking patterns from 15 European countries (EU member countries, Luxembourg excluded, and Norway) from 1950 to 2000. This review is based on existing survey data on adult population. It turned out that (a) only a few countries (Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden) have data on drinking patterns in the 1950s and 1960s, but (b) an increasing number of countries have drinking habit surveys from the 1970s and 1980s onwards (Austria, Denmark, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom) and (c) in the 1990s, almost all EU member countries have conducted surveys with data on drinking patterns (France, Greece, Italy, and Portugal, while Belgium remains the only country with very little data available). The data is, however, too scarce to say anything very certain about trends and the possible homogenisation of drinking patterns. Six indicators were studied in more detail. Abstinence rates fell in the 1960s in the traditionally abstinent Northern European countries, and later among women in the Mediterranean countries. Women's share of drinking also increased in the Northern European countries in the 1970s, but not necessarily elsewhere. With decreasing alcohol consumption in the Mediterranean countries, this means that per capita alcohol consumption among women may well have decreased, too. With a few exceptions, 30 to 50-year-olds were the age group with the highest alcohol consumption. The age distribution showed no general trends. Data on the shape of the population distribution of alcohol consumption was scarce, except for a few countries where the shape did not suggest any systematic changes. Also, data on binge drinking (high intake per single occasion) was mostly scarce, and again, the findings from the few countries with sufficient data showed remarkable stability. Remarkably slow changes were also evident in specific drinking contexts. There may be some signs of slow homogenisation of drinking patterns between the 15 European countries, but the differences are still notable. The main conclusion is that changes in drinking patterns are slow, even amidst rapidly changing living conditions. The natural time scale for such changes is not a few years or even a decade, but a generation.
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Rashidpouraie, Roya, Mohammad Nader Sharifi, and Mina Rashidpouraei. "Abortion Laws and Regulations in Iran and European Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Arak University Medical Sciences 23, no. 5 (December 1, 2020): 686–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jams.23.cov.6394.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background and Aim: Abortion has always posed challenges in the areas of ethics, law, religion, philosophy, and reproductive health. Some countries have had different approaches to abortion at different times. Today, abortion is a major challenge in Iran. Social developments and increasing level of health literacy, awareness and participation of women in social and economic fields have led to incompatibility of theoretical and practical aspects in these areas. Women sometimes have abortions without attention to the national law. In Iran, the reasons for legal abortion are the life-threatening conditions of the mother and the fetus. During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some countries have revised their abortion laws and regulations. In some countries, such as France and Finland, these revisions are permanent; in countries such Portugal and Norway, the changes are temporary; and in other countries such as Germany and Belgium, it is unclear whether the changes are permanent or temporary. In this study, we aim to review the abortion laws and regulations in Europe and Iran. Then, by discussing the new guidelines for the COVID-19 pandemic, we evaluate the effects and consequences of this pandemic on abortion. Methods & Materials: The search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Google Scholar as well as national databases such as SID, MagIran, and IranMedex on studies published from 2002 to 2020 using the following keywords:Abortion, illegal abortion, induced abortion, and COVID-19. Due to the onset of SARS-COV1 epidemic in 2002, all articles published between these two outbreaks were searched. Ethical Considerations: All ethical principles were observed in this article. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, some European countries revised the abortion laws and regulations, mostly due to realize the reproductive health right. It seems that, this revision has not yet been taken place in Iran. Conclusion: With the emergence of COVID-19, some countries had revised their abortion laws and regulations to reduce unsafe abortions. It seems that during the Covid19 pandemic, due to changes in lifestyle such as social distancing and economic and social lockdowns, it needs to revise medical laws and regulations in health-oriented and time-dependent areas (such as abortion) so that the principles of medical ethics such as beneficence and maleficent, can be applied. Having COVID-19 and consequently abortion during the pandemic is one of the most challenging issues that should be addressed in terms of ethical, jurisprudential and legal aspects. Development of regulations based on ethical principles during the COVID-19 pandemic is necessary to prevent illegal and unsafe abortions.
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Silvennoinen, Heikki, and Hanna Nori. "In the margins of training and learning." Journal of Workplace Learning 29, no. 3 (April 10, 2017): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jwl-08-2016-0072.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the distribution of learning and training opportunities in the Finnish workforce. It will concentrate on the sectors of the workforce that lack these opportunities. Design/methodology/approach The Working Conditions Barometer (WCB) data from 2008, 2009 and 2010 are used (N = 3,326) in this investigation. The focus of the study is to examine those employees whose learning and training opportunities fail to match the positive visions of the current “super professional hype”. The problems associated with the workforce training margin are considered as a part of the so-called work process debate. Findings Findings suggest that age, gender, type of industry and socioeconomic status have an independent influence on an individual’s presence in the training margin: women, older employees, employees in manufacturing and the private service sector and manual workers have a greater risk than others do. The relative differences between the social classes are still prevalent: incapacity and marginalization are primarily working class problems. Practical implications The workers should collectively demand certain benefits more forcefully, even when working under fixed-term contracts. Employers should be pressured to organise development opportunities and training for the fixed-term employees, including the type of training that not only benefits an employee in that one company but also the employees’ working life in general. Employers should be persuaded to organise the type of training that improves the chances of a fixed-term or otherwise powerless employee to find a new, perhaps better and more secure job. Originality/value Because the percentage of response to the WCB is exceptionally high, 80 per cent on average, the information obtained from the random sample can be generalised to represent all of the working wage earners in Finland and in a European context as well.
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Lintunen, Tiina, and Kimmo Elo. "Networks of Revolutionary Workers: Socialist Red Women in Finland in 1918." International Review of Social History 64, no. 2 (July 10, 2019): 279–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859019000336.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractRevolutions need people. How do these people connect with each other, and how can the revolutionary message pass from one person to another? This article aims to answer these questions by examining the revolutionaries who participated in the Finnish Civil War on the rebellious Red side in 1918. We have chosen Red women from a particular district in Finland in order to analyse their connections and the networks created by membership of the labour movement, place of residence, and kinship. In order to see the layers of those connections, we utilize historical social network analysis rooted in digital history. This allows us to observe the significance and impact of regional, social networks and improves our understanding of structural factors affecting the intra-group dynamics among these revolutionary women. Our results support the claim that historical network analysis is a suitable tool for exploring interaction patterns and social structures in the past, and to gain new insights into historical phenomena.
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Huang, Jiehua, and Iiris Aaltio. "Guanxi and social capital: Networking among women managers in China and Finland." International Journal of Intercultural Relations 39 (March 2014): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2013.09.002.
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Pogodin, S. N., and M. A. Sablina. "Features of the Development of the Modern Finnish Feminist Movement." Administrative Consulting, no. 9 (November 11, 2021): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2021-9-69-78.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Finnish state has created a high level of social protection for its women. Thanks to social support, Finnish women have become economically independent and have been given the opportunity for personal and professional development. Gender equality is inextricably linked to democracy, human rights and social justice. The Finnish state actively supports the women’s movement and in particular feminist organizations. The process of involving women in politics was slow. The first feminist party, Feministinen puolue, is active in Finland.
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Pekkanen, J., J. Tuomilehto, A. Uutela, E. Vartiainen, and A. Nissinen. "Social class, health behaviour, and mortality among men and women in eastern Finland." BMJ 311, no. 7005 (September 2, 1995): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.7005.589.
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Lulle, Aija, and Marta Balode. "Marriage Migration and Skills: Narratives of Latvian Women in Finland." Journal of Finnish Studies 17, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2014): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/28315081.17.1.2.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In this article, we look at “skills” and “enfolded mobilities” as intrinsically intertwined processes. By applying interdisciplinary approaches from social anthropology and human geography, we ask how migrating cultural capital is recognized and negotiated during marriage migration. Data draw on thirteen in-depth interviews collected in 2011 with highly skilled Latvian women married to Finnish men in Finland. Gender, ethnicity, migrant status, and professional skills form the inter-categorical axes of analysis. We argue that highly skilled migration is complexly embedded in multiple decision-making processes and in individual and national/regional biographies and histories. We interpret our findings through interlinked themes: the decision to move to Finland, the opportunities for work, the feelings and emotions associated with the integration process, the importance of language skills, names as ethnic signifiers, and prospects for future mobilities.
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Dmitrieva, Anastasia. "Spatial aspects of gender inequality of the european union countries (on the example of the Republic of Finland)." Pskov region studies journal, no. 46 (2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/s221979310014328-3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article examines the problems of maintaining gender inequality in the EU countries, which, despite the successful experience of individual countries, is decreasing too slowly. Modern democracies recognize the equality of men and women as basic social values, but today the gender equality policy is most successful in the Nordic countries, in particular in Finland. To confirm this, the key historical stages of changes in the legal status and position of women in the EU countries are considered, a review of the main legislative documents regulating the rights of men and women is carried out, and a spatial interpretation of intercountry differences is presented. The study used a comparative characteristic of one of the main integral indicators characterizing the unequal attitude of men and women in certain spheres of life - the index of gender inequality in the EU countries, including the dynamics of the world ranking of each country. On the example of Finland, the process of feminization of society is examined in detail, the main indicators that determine the inequality of men and women in social and political spheres (the ratio of men and women in the national parliament; the wage gap; educational structure of men and women) are analyzed.
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TIAYNEN‐QADIR, TATIANA, and ANNA MATYSKA. "A post‐socialist legacy in transnational families: Russian and Polish women in Finland." Global Networks 20, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/glob.12227.
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Viimaranta, Johanna, and Anastasia Maslova. "Multilingual Practices in Internet Discourse on the Social Network “Facebook” (An Analysis of Written Language of Russophone Women Living in Finland)." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 18, no. 4 (2020): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2020-18-4-32-44.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Russian speakers make up the biggest group of foreign-language speakers in Finland. Their use of Finnish words in Russian discourse can be interpreted as an example of multilingual practices, such as code-switching. It can also be viewed as an example of how loanwords are assimilated. While speakers of Russian in Finland are part of a worldwide internet community, they also represent a local community that can have a language form of its own. This article presents an analysis of about 500 cases of Finnish lexical items and word combinations usage in written Russian (260 different lemmas). The material for the research was selected from written internet discourse of a Russophone community on Facebook, a social media platform. Members of this community are Russian women who have been living in Finland for some time. The Finnish words were studied in the context of posts and replies to them. The 475 Finnish words found amounted to 4 % of the total 12,022 words used in the source. The analysis of the material took into account semantic and grammatical features of the items. Semantic features included the categories of proper nouns, terms and other words related to life in Finland. The grammatical analysis began by studying the choice of writing system, i.e. whether the units retained their original spelling which is either in Latin or in Cyrillic. After that, the Finnish words that had been transliterated were studied for the presence or lack of declension as compared to the Russian norm in similar uses. It was suggested that the tendency not to decline Finnish words written both in Cyrillic and Latin in the discourse also affected the syntactic positions in which they were used, making positions that did not require declension overrepresented. The number of examples subjected to the assimilation rules for loanwords in Russian (transliteration and using declension) was small. Therefore, most of the examples represent code-switching, a natural consequence of those living in Finland, and provide evidence for the existence of a local version of Russian.
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Paukkeri, Tuuli, Terhi Ravaska, and Marja Riihelä. "Examining inequalities: from labour markets to social outcomes in Finland." Fiscal Studies 45, no. 2 (June 2024): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-5890.12369.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractFinland is known for low income inequality by international comparison. In this paper we provide a long‐run perspective on inequalities in Finland, and show that inequality is higher in the 21st century compared with many previous decades. We discuss the drivers of inequality in more detail, focusing on wages, earnings, employment and education, and also social outcomes such as partner‐finding and family formation in the working‐age population. The collective wage‐setting system is a likely contributor to the relatively low and stable wage and earnings inequality among working indviduals. However, women fare worse in the labour market than men, despite having a higher education level on average. We also find that individuals who are out of work or have low education have a lower probability of finding a partner, indicating that social inequalities are linked with those in the labour market. Finally, we discuss the importance of redistribution as well as changes in tax legislation that have contributed to an increasing concentration of capital income, which has been an important factor in increasing households’ disposable income inequality.
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Purhonen, Semi, Jukka Gronow, and Keijo Rahkonen. "Highbrow culture in Finland: Knowledge, taste and participation." Acta Sociologica 54, no. 4 (November 29, 2011): 385–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699311422092.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article explores the social distribution of involvement in highbrow culture in light of three issues being discussed in cultural sociology. One is that highbrow cultural orientation is an indicator of cultural capital or of social status. A second, the ‘meltdown scenario’, suggests that not only the popularity of highbrow activities, but also their distinctiveness, has decreased among younger cohorts in comparison to older cohorts. A third deals with the ‘feminization’ of highbrow culture. These issues are empirically addressed in contemporary Finland using nationally representative survey data. Highbrow culture is measured in three dimensions of cultural practices – knowledge, taste and participation – covering four different fields: music, literature, cinema and the visual arts. The results support all three arguments: First, education and occupational class are important social determinants of involvement in highbrow culture in Finland. Second, younger age cohorts show less interest in highbrow culture than do older Finns. Third, women tend to be more involved in highbrow culture than men. The results indicate considerable stability across the measures of highbrow culture and cultural fields. Social determinants of knowledge and cinema, however, are different from those in other dimensions and fields.
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HIILAMO, HEIKKI, and OLLI KANGAS. "Trap for Women or Freedom to Choose? The Struggle over Cash for Child Care Schemes in Finland and Sweden." Journal of Social Policy 38, no. 3 (July 2009): 457–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279409003067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractDebates on welfare reforms have revolved around institutional inertias with the emphasis on institutions as structures. We argue that political discourses work in the same vein and create continuities constraining the array of possible policy options – political frames as carriers of institutional inertia and path dependence. The data are based on political debates on child home care in Finland and Sweden. The ‘trap for women’ frame became dominant in the Swedish discourse, while in Finland ‘freedom to choose’ has been hegemonic. According to the Swedish frame, public day care offers children the best preconditions for later development and enhances social equality, whereas in Finland care at home with all its positive characteristics was contrasted with bureaucratic institutional care. The article highlights how politicians have used these hegemonic discourses to maintain the legitimacy of certain policy options.
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Uggla, Caroline, and Sunnee Billingsley. "Unemployment, intragenerational social mobility and mortality in Finland: heterogeneity by age and economic context." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 11 (July 30, 2018): 1003–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-210457.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundWe explore how mortality is related to unemployment and intragenerational social mobility in Finland. Unemployment and social mobility are two labour market experiences that are largely studied separately, despite the fact that selection processes into unemployment and downward mobility are intertwined. Because both causal and health selection mechanisms may vary depending on the timing of these experiences, we consider heterogeneity by age and economic context.MethodsWe run discrete time event history analysis for death (at age 30–75 years) in two periods (economic recession and growth) and analyse younger and older individuals and men and women separately.ResultsThe odds of mortality were particularly high for individuals experiencing unemployment and when unemployment occurred during economic growth (OR ranging between 1.39 and 2.77). Younger men had high odds of mortality following unemployment (OR 1.86–2.77). In contrast, downward mobility was associated with higher odds of mortality only among older men and women and only during economic growth. The benefits of upward mobility were experienced mainly by younger men (OR ranging between 0.86 and 0.87) and were not experienced by women at all.ConclusionResults show that when in an individual’s life and the economic cycle unemployment and social mobility occur matters for whether these experiences are associated with mortality.
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Hiilamo, Heikki. "Why fertility has been declining in Finland after the Global Recession?" Finnish Yearbook of Population Research 54 (February 26, 2020): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23979/fypr.85090.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A steady improvement in the economy and employment since 2010 did not stop the drop in total fertility rate in Finland. Declining fertility now includes women in almost all age and educational groups in the country. This decline has continued long enough to also indicate a dramatic decrease in completed fertility, which is a departure from decades of sustained levels of completed fertility. Drawing from a range of publicly available descriptive data, this article assesses the extent to which old and new theories of fertility are relevant in explaining this development. In conclusion, the fertility development in Finland is surprising, and challenges traditional theories on fertility, which analyse fertility from economic and gender perspectives. Social interaction theory holds more promise. However, it is very difficult to find data sources which could elucidate the role of social interaction in the fertility decline. Designing pro-natalistic policies is challenging before there is more detailed evidence and understanding concerning the key drivers of the fertility decline in Finland.
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Tiaynen-Qadir, Tatiana. "Migrating in Later Lives: Collective Identities of Russian-Speaking Women in Finland." Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 35, no. 2 (January 18, 2020): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10823-020-09394-9.
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Woo, Hyeyoung, Lindsey Wilkinson, and Soo-Yeon Yoon. "Education, Employment, Family Formation Behaviors, and the Gender Health Gap: A Cross-National Comparison of Korea, the United States, and Finland." Journal of Korean Studies 28, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 281–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07311613-10625788.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Despite improvements in the social status of women in recent decades, women still tend to report lower levels of health compared to men. This study examines the role of individual factors (i.e., education, employment, and family formation behaviors) and aggregate factors (i.e., gender context, work cultures, and work-family policy) in the association between gender and health using the cases of Korea, the United States, and Finland. The study’s results indicate that women experience lower levels of health than men in Korea and the United States, especially among younger adults, even after accounting for education, employment, and family status. In Finland, however, women do not have lower levels of health than men. Moreover, among older individuals, Finnish women exhibit a health advantage relative to Finnish men. The findings indicate that traditional gender role expectations, long hours at work, and inadequate work-family balance largely account for gender disparities in health in Korea and the United States. Gender egalitarianism at work, reduced work hours, and more family friendly work policies should help reduce such disparities.
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Manderbacka, Kristiina, Martti Arffman, Markku Satokangas, and Ilmo Keskimäki. "Regional variation of avoidable hospitalisations in a universal health care system: a register-based cohort study from Finland 1996−2013." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e029592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029592.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectivesA persistent finding in research concerning healthcare and hospital use in Western countries has been regional variation in the medical practices. The aim of the current study was to examine trends in the regional variation of avoidable hospitalisations, that is, hospitalisations due to conditions treatable in ambulatory care in Finland in 1996–2013 and the influence of different healthcare levels on them.SettingUse of hospital inpatient care in 1996–2013 among the total population in Finland.ParticipantsAltogether 1 931 012 hospital inpatient care episodes among all persons residing in Finland identified from administrative registers in Finland in 1996−2013 and alive in 1 January 1996.Outcome measuresWe examined hospitalisations due to avoidable causes including vaccine-preventable hospitalisations, hospitalisations due to complications of chronic conditions and acute conditions treatable in ambulatory care. We calculated annual age-adjusted rates per 10 000 person-years. Multilevel models were used for studying time trends in regional variation.ResultsThere was a steep decline in avoidable hospitalisation rates during the study period. The decline occurred almost exclusively in hospitalisations due to chronic conditions, which diminished by about 60%. The overall correlation between hospital district intercepts and slopes in time was −0.46 (p<0.05) among men and −0.20 (ns) among women. Statistically highly significant diminishing variation was found in hospitalisations due to chronic conditions among both men (−0.90) and women (−0.91). The variation was mainly distributed to the hospital district level.ConclusionsThe results suggest that chronic conditions are managed better in primary care in the whole country than before. Further research is needed on whether this is the case or whether this has more to do with supply of hospital care.
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Leifman, Håkan. "A Comparative Analysis of Drinking Patterns in Six EU Countries in the Year 2000." Contemporary Drug Problems 29, no. 3 (September 2002): 501–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090202900303.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper compares different aspects of drinking habits in six EU countries: France, Italy, Germany, the UK, Finland and Sweden. Frequency of drinking is highest in France and Italy, lowest in Finland and Sweden, and increases with age in France and Italy in particular, but also in Germany. The average consumed quantity per drinking occasion is highest in Finland, Sweden and the UK and lowest in France and Italy, and the youngest show the highest quantity per drinking occasion in most countries. Also intoxication-oriented drinking is most common in Finland, Sweden and the UK, and in all countries except Italy the youngest report the highest frequency of intoxication. The youngest show the highest mean alcohol consumption in Finland, Sweden and the UK, but the lowest in France, Italy and Germany. In all six countries, men consume at least twice as much alcohol as women.
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Ervasti, Kaijus. "Barnamordsärenden i Finland på 1800-talet." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 84, no. 2 (June 29, 1997): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v84i2.137435.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is relating to the history of law and deals with infanticides in Finland in the 19th century based on statistics and trial records. Special attention has been paid to the facts; what kind of evidence convicted the women, and how did they try to defend themselves in the courts. Resource material used in this article are the infanticide cases of the years 1820, 1840, 1860 and 1880 which have been tried by the Justice Department of the Senate (Supreme Court).
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Bosqui, Tania, Ari Väänänen, Aki Koskinen, André Buscariolli, Dermot O’reilly, Auli Airila, Minna Toivanen, and Anne Kouvonen. "Antipsychotic medication use among working-age first-generation migrants resident in Finland: An administrative data linkage study." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 48, no. 1 (April 11, 2019): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494819841960.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aims: Higher incidence of psychotic disorders in high-income countries for migrants compared with the settled majority has been well established. However, it is less clear to what extent different migrants groups have accessed and utilised mental health care. This study aimed to identify the hazard of antipsychotic medication use in the largest migrant groups in Finland, compared with a Finnish-born comparison group, using high quality datasets maintained by Statistics Finland and Social Insurance Institution Finland, and linking socio-demographic and -economic characteristics to antipsychotic prescription purchases. Methods: The study draws on a representative sample of 33% of the adult working-age population of Finland in 2005 ( n = 1,059,426, 50.2% male, 2.5% migrant). The use of antipsychotic drugs was followed-up from 2005 to 2014. Results: The results show that the hazard of antipsychotic medication purchases differed between migrant groups, with a higher hazard for migrants from North Africa and the Middle East before socio-economic adjustment (men HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04–1.37; women HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.12–1.66), and a lower hazard for all migrant groups after adjustment for socio-economic characteristics compared with the Finland-born population. Conclusions: The findings suggest that attention should be paid to the lower use of medication for psychotic disorders in some migrant groups, as well as the potential role of social disadvantage for migrants from North Africa and Middle East.
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Golovinova, Yuliya V. "FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN ENSURING GENDER EQUALITY: SOCIAL AND LEGAL RESEARCH." Society and Security Insights 5, no. 2 (July 9, 2022): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/ssi(2022)2-09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is devoted to identifying the foreign positive experience of the Nordic countries in the construction of a social policy of gender equality. Based on the involvement of a wide regulatory framework in textual content analysis, which consolidates the mechanisms for ensuring the principle of gender equality, the author emphasizes the versatility and consistency in the development of strategies and policies and social practices for equal rights for men and women. The author emphasizes that, in particular, in Finland, the minimization and leveling of gender asymmetry is supported by the national quota system. This approach is aimed at comprehensively ensuring a gender-neutral configuration of social practices. Such a humanistic trajectory of the policy of gender equality finds consolidation at the level of special legislation. The publication found that guided by both imperative and dispositive principles in this group of countries, a whole system of anti-discrimination legislation was adopted and is being effectively implemented. Through the establishment of special public authorities in Norway, Finland, Iceland and Sweden, state guarantees of the principle of gender equality are fully ensured.
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Shaymardanov, Mukhammadyusuf, Anna-Maija Lämsä, and Suvi Heikkinen. "What Enables Skilled Immigrant Women to Build Career-important Social Networks?" European Integration Studies 1, no. 17 (September 15, 2023): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.17.34104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An aging workforce and a decreasing population have increased the need for immigration and international workers in European societies. The aim of this study is to contribute to literature on international workers and their careers by focusing on skilled immigrant women’s career-important social networks. In particular, it explores what enables the women’s access to such social networks, which support their careers in the country of destination. Qualitative interview data from 26 Russian skilled immigrant women working in information technology (IT) or healthcare in Finland were collected. Qualitative content analysis was done to analyze the data. The results show that the studied skilled immigrant women have many paths to accessing career-important social networks. It is concluded that although skilled immigrant women tend to experience challenges in accessing these networks, they can overcome challenges through their own initiatives and with the help of supervisors and colleagues as well as family members and friends. However, relevant organizational arrangements and practices are needed.
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Koponen, Eeva, and Leila Simonen. "Contradictions of the Welfare State, Women and Caring. Municipal Homemaking in Finland." Revista Mexicana de Sociología 53, no. 1 (January 1991): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3540843.
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Van den Brandt, Nella, and Teija Rantala. "Gendered and Embodied Un/learning among Women Disengaging from Faith in the UK and Finland." Approaching Religion 14, no. 2 (April 30, 2024): 224–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30664/ar.137195.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Women often embody the central values and practices of their religious tradition. When they leave their community, women find a part of the “religious tapestry” remaining with them long after their disengagement. In this article, we draw from research in the UK and Finland to explore women’s efforts to unlearn parts of their former religious belonging. We draw on in total thirty-five interviews with women who disengaged from the Mormon Church, Jehovah’s Witnesses and Conservative Laestadianism. We conceptualize un/learning as a multi-layered process consisting of both un-learning and re-learning. We explore women’s narratives about negotiating bodily limits, conduct and belonging, and understand these as suggesting experiences of a threefold un/learning: gendered, spatial-social and epistemic. We argue that examining gendered and embodied un/learning helps to understand women’s disengagement processes from minority Christian traditions in Western and Northern European secularized contexts such as the UK and Finland.
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Kukkonen, Iida, Erica Åberg, Outi Sarpila, and Tero Pajunen. "Exploitation of aesthetic capital – disapproved by whom?" International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 38, no. 3/4 (April 9, 2018): 312–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-09-2017-0116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the gendered double standards of exploiting physical appearance in Finland. Drawing from literature on physical appearance as a form of capital, four hypotheses on role of gender in endorsing double standards are put forth, and then empirically tested. The focus is on whether women or men are more disapproving of women exploiting their appearance. The paper also explores whether self-perceived attractiveness has an influence on the gendered endorsement of double standards. Design/methodology/approach The study utilises unique survey data with a split-ballot design to study gendered double standards at a societal level by means of ordered logistic regression. The data are nationally representative of 15-74-year-old Finns (n=1,600). Findings The main finding is that women are more prone to endorse the double standards against each other. It is particularly women who do not perceive themselves as attractive who are likely to hold double standards. Experienced unattractiveness is associated with disapproving attitudes towards the exploitation of physical appearance-related assets for both women and men. Men are overall more approving compared to women, and do not generally hold double standards. Originality/value Research on double standards in different spheres of life in a relatively gender equal country like Finland gives an intriguing example of gendered social inequality. The information provided by this paper deepens our understanding of gendered social stratification related to physical appearance.
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Sirniö, Outi, Timo M. Kauppinen, and Pekka Martikainen. "Cohort differences in intergenerational income transmission in Finland." Acta Sociologica 60, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699316649649.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Major social changes such as occupational restructuring, educational expansion and increasing income inequality are likely to significantly influence the intergenerational transmission of income. The aim in this article is to investigate this question in an analysis of the transmission of low and high income in Finland in five birth cohorts born between 1956 and 1978. The focus is on the contribution of parental social class and personal educational level to this association. The analyses are based on a longitudinal register-based data set that is a representative 11-per-cent sample of the Finnish population. The level of intergenerational income transmission among those with a low- and a high-income parental background is stable among men, and is increasing slightly among women. Simultaneously, the role of achieved education as a mechanism strengthens slightly upon entry to the lowest income level, and declines upon entry to the highest level. These results indicate that despite the increasing income inequality, intergenerational transmission remains rather stable, but the mediating role of educational qualifications may have changed. Occupational restructuring seems to have no clear influence on the process.
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Aro, Seppo, Leena Räsänen, and Risto Telama. "Social Class and Changes in Health-Related Habits in Finland in 1973–1983." Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 14, no. 1 (March 1986): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/140349488601400107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this project was to study social class differences with respect to various health-related habits and especially to note the changes in these habits after a 10-year follow-up period. From this study conclusions can be drawn as to whether health education efforts and increased interest in personal health has been more widely adopted by the more educated groups than the less educated groups, whose morbidity and mortality rates are higher. The sample consisted of 902 white-collar and blue-collar workers. Smoking was found to be more common among blue-collar workers in both years. Smoking rates had declined in all groups except female blue-collar workers. Occasions of drinking were more frequent among white-collar than blue-collar workers. However, heavier forms of drinking were more common in male blue-collar than white-collar groups, while the opposite was true among women. Dietary habits in white-collar groups were closer to the “official” recommendations than in the respective blue-collar groups in both years. White-collar men were physically more active at the time of the first investigation, and even more so ten years later. Among women, social class differences were in the same direction, but less marked. In conclusion, in the early 1970s the health-related habits examined were, in most instances, less favourable among blue-collar than white-collar workers. No consistent pattern of change in these habits was observed in the 10-year follow-up. At the end of the follow-up, many of the “inequalities” still persisted.
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Howell, Tim. "OUT OF THE SHADOWS AND SILENCES: THE LOTTA WENNÄKOSKI IN PROFILE." Tempo 66, no. 259 (January 2012): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298212000010.
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AbstractThe sheer quantity and diversity of music being written in Finland today continues to surprise and delight us. But one significant strand in this otherwise egalitarian success story has remained in the shadows: the role of women composers. Kaija Saariaho appears to be the only such figure to hold a truly international reputation, raising basic questions: why should this be so, how are things changing and what kind of music is being produced. Outlining social and political issues that are distinctive to Finland helps to explain the emergence of Saariaho as a role model for younger women composers. It also invites a detailed case study of a leading member of this generation: Lotta Wennäkoski. This focus on an analytical reading of Wennäkoski's compositional process – as evidenced through her orchestral piece Sakara (2003) – reveals how this music communicates so effectively with contemporary audiences.
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Tigerstedt, Christoffer, Neda Agahi, Elin K Bye, Ola Ekholm, Janne Härkönen, Heidi Rosendahl Jensen, Cathrine Juel Lau, et al. "Comparing older people’s drinking habits in four Nordic countries: Summary of the thematic issue." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 37, no. 5 (September 30, 2020): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072520954326.
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Aim: The present article summarises status and trends in the 21st century in older people’s (60–79 years) drinking behaviour in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden and concludes this thematic issue. Each country provided a detailed report analysing four indicators of alcohol use: the prevalence of alcohol consumers, the prevalence of frequent use, typical amounts of use, and the prevalence of heavy episodic drinking (HED). The specific aim of this article is to compare the results of the country reports. Findings: Older people’s drinking became more common first in Denmark in the 1970s and then in the other countries by the 1980s. Since 2000 the picture is mixed. Denmark showed decreases in drinking frequency, typically consumed amounts and HED, while in Sweden upward trends were dominant regarding prevalence of consumers and frequency of drinking as well as HED. Finland and Norway displayed both stable indicators except for drinking frequency and proportion of women consumers where trends increased. In all four countries, the gender gap diminished with regard to prevalence and frequency of drinking, but remained stable in regard to consuming large amounts. In Norway the share of alcohol consumers among women aged 60–69 years exceeded the share among men. During the late 2010s, Denmark had the highest prevalence of alcohol consumers as well as the highest proportion drinking at a higher frequency. Next in ranking was Finland, followed by Sweden and Norway. This overall rank ordering was observed for both men and women. Conclusion: As the populations aged 60 years and older in the Nordic countries continue to grow, explanations for the drivers and consequences of changes in older people’s drinking will become an increasingly relevant topic for future research. Importantly, people aged 80 years and older should also be included as an integral part of that research.
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KALMI, PANU, and OLLI-PEKKA RUUSKANEN. "Financial literacy and retirement planning in Finland." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 17, no. 3 (August 22, 2017): 335–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747217000270.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis paper presents the results from the first study of financial literacy in Finland and explores the relationship between financial literacy and retirement planning in Finland. Finland is an interesting case because countervailing effects may exist: a high level of education might increase financial literacy, while the high provision of social security may decrease it and weaken its relationship with pension planning. The results indicate that the level of financial literacy in Finland is comparatively high, although it is unequally distributed among the population. With respect to pension planning, we find that there is little evidence of a relationship between the three core financial literacy questions and retirement planning; however, a statistically significant and positive relationship exists between retirement planning and an extended measure of financial literacy, consisting mostly of more demanding questions. When we split the sample by gender, we find evidence of a positive relationship between financial literacy and retirement planning among women but not among men. The results indicate that scaling down publicly guaranteed pension benefits may pose a challenge to the less financially literate segment of the population.
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Ojala, Satu, Man-Yee Kan, and Tomi Oinas. "Teenage Time Use and Educational Attainment in Adulthood in Finland." Social Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2021): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10090343.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We investigated the role of teenage everyday social ties in educational outcomes by examining the association between teenage time use and educational attainment in adulthood. The sample consisted of young people aged 10–18 from the 1979 Finnish Time Use Survey, and the same respondents’ educational attainment later in life recorded from population register data at the year of 40th birthday (n = 366 men and 393 women). We assessed the associations of time spent with the parents, on studying, leisure activities, as well as social connectedness with friends and participation in extracurricular activities, with educational outcomes. Our findings indicated that time spent with the father is positively associated with the likelihood of completing tertiary education for both daughters and sons. In particular, time spent with lower-education fathers was associated with teenagers’ future tertiary education. However, intense friendships and participation in extracurricular activities were not associated with academic achievement later in life. The findings suggest that educational attainment is partly explained by teenage time spent with the family. Less-educated fathers can enhance the attainment of higher education of their children by spending more time with their teenage children.
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Koropeckyj-Cox, Tanya, and Vaughn R. A. Call. "Characteristics of Older Childless Persons and Parents." Journal of Family Issues 28, no. 10 (October 2007): 1362–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x07303837.
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The prevalence and implications of childlessness in old age are compared across nine major surveys in seven countries: Australia, Finland, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Specifically, the researchers examine indicators of the well-being and resources of childless men and women, compare them to their within-country peers with children, and explore the similarities and differences among childless older adults in different countries. The results show strikingly similar patterns across countries (with the exception of Japan). Childless elders are more likely than parents to live alone or in an institution. Childless never-married women have consistently higher education levels than other groups of women. Among men, marriage rather than parenthood is consistently linked with higher socio-economic status. The results suggest important structural processes that differentially shape the resources and well-being of men and women, childless and parents, over the life course and in old age.
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Mustosmäki, Armi, Tomi Oinas, and Timo Anttila. "Abating inequalities? Job quality at the intersection of class and gender in Finland 1977–2013." Acta Sociologica 60, no. 3 (July 19, 2016): 228–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699316657580.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Globalization with its many side-effects on working life is seen to pose accentuated risks especially for women and low skilled workers – resulting in increasing polarization of job quality. In contrast to “universal theories”, institutional theories claim changes in work life might vary according to the institutional and cultural frameworks which mediate the global pressures of change. This study analyses job quality trends in Finland at the intersection of class and gender. The results, based on the Finnish Quality of Work Life survey (1977–2013), find no clear evidence of polarization. In line with the institutional theory’s prediction of a low risk of polarization in coordinated and inclusive Nordic countries, improvements have occurred for blue-collar workers in terms of autonomy and opportunities for development at work, reducing the gap between social classes. Furthermore, the negative sides of work life, such as insecurity and time pressures have become common experiences regardless of social class. The ‘welfare state paradox’ hypothesis on the comparative disadvantage of women in higher positions in the labour market does not gain support in 2013: the upper-white collar women have attained roughly similar levels of job quality to their male counterparts.
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Lahti, Anna-Maria, Tuija M. Mikkola, Minna Salonen, Niko Wasenius, Anneli Sarvimäki, Johan G. Eriksson, and Mikaela B. von Bonsdorff. "Mental, Physical and Social Functioning in Independently Living Senior House Residents and Community-Dwelling Older Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 12299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312299.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Senior houses provide social interaction and support, potentially supporting older people’s physical and mental functioning. Few studies have investigated functioning of senior house residents. The aim was to compare functioning between senior house residents and community-dwelling older adults in Finland. We compared senior house residents (n = 336, 69% women, mean age 83 years) to community-dwelling older adults (n = 1139, 56% women, mean age 74 years). Physical and mental functioning were assessed using the SF 36-Item Health Survey. Loneliness and frequency of social contacts were self-reported. The analyses were adjusted for age, socioeconomic factors and diseases. Physical functioning was lower among men in senior houses compared to community-dwelling men (mean 41.1 vs. 46.4, p = 0.003). Mental functioning or the frequency of social contacts did not differ between type of residence in either sex. Loneliness was higher among women in senior houses compared to community-dwelling women (OR = 1.67, p = 0.027). This was not observed in men. Results suggest that women in senior houses had similar physical and mental functioning compared to community-dwelling women. Male senior house residents had poorer physical functioning compared to community-dwelling men. Women living in senior houses were lonelier than community-dwelling women despite the social environment.
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Rinne, Hanna, and Jenni Blomgren. "Kuntoutukseen osallistuminen ja eri osajärjestelmien ristikkäiskäyttö." Kuntoutus 43, no. 4 (December 11, 2020): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37451/kuntoutus.100163.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tieto kuntoutuksen kentän kokonaisuudesta ja erilaisten kuntoutuspalveluiden käytöstä samoilla ihmisillä on varsin hajanaista ja puutteellista. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää kuntoutukseen osallistumisen yleisyyttä ja päällekkäisyyttä eri osajärjestelmissä Oulun asukkailla vuonna 2018 laajalla rekisteriaineistolla (N = 192 844). Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan julkisen sosiaali- ja terveyspalvelujärjestelmän kuntoutusta, Kelan kuntoutusta, työeläkekuntoutusta, työterveyshuollon fysioterapiaa ja Kelan korvaamaa yksityistä fysioterapiaa.
Vuonna 2018 oululaisista 18 prosenttia sai vähintään yhden tutkitun osajärjestelmän kuntoutusta (N = 34 061). Yleisintä oli julkisen sosiaali- ja terveyspalvelujärjestelmän kuntoutus, harvinaisinta työeläkekuntoutus. Naiset osallistuivat kuntoutukseen miehiä yleisemmin. Kuntoutukseen osallistuminen oli miehillä yleisintä 65 vuotta täyttäneillä, naisilla 45–64-vuotiailla. Harvinaisinta se oli 16–24-vuotiailla miehillä ja alle 16-vuotiailla naisilla. Suurin osa (90 %) kuntoutukseen osallistuneista oli osallistunut vain yhden osajärjestelmän kuntoutukseen. Useamman osajärjestelmän kuntoutukseen osallistuminen oli naisilla miehiä yleisempää. Ikäryhmistä se oli yleisintä 45–64-vuotiailla ja harvinaisinta alle 16-vuotiailla. Vähintään kahden osajärjestelmän kuntoutukseen osallistuneet olivat keskimäärin vanhempia kuin vain yhden osajärjestelmän kuntoutukseen osallistuneet ja myös naisten osuus oli heillä suurempi.
Rekisteritietoja kuntoutuksesta on hankala koota kattavasti, sillä järjestelmä on hyvin hajanainen ja toimijoita ja rekisterinpitäjiä on lukuisia. Myös kuntoutuksen määrittely aineistoista osoittautui vaikeaksi. Yhtenäiset tietojärjestelmät kuntoutuksesta palvelisivat paitsi tutkijoita, myös kuntoutujia.
Abstract
Prevalence and overlap of participation in rehabilitation in different subsystems – a register-based study among residents of the city of Oulu, Finland, in 2018
Knowledge of the whole spectrum of rehabilitation and of the use of different rehabilitation services by the same individuals is quite fragmented and incomplete. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence and overlap of participation in rehabilitation in different subsystems among residents of the city of Oulu, Finland, in 2018 using extensive register-based data (N=192,844). The study examines rehabilitation organized by the public social and health care system, by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland, by the earnings-related pension system, as well as physiotherapy in occupational health care and private physiotherapy reimbursed by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland.
In 2018, 18 per cent of the residents of Oulu received rehabilitation of at least one of the examined subsystems (N=34,061). Receiving rehabilitation of public social and health care was the most common; the rarest was rehabilitation within the earnings-related pension system. Women participated in rehabilitation more often than men. Using rehabilitation services was most common in men aged 65 and over, and in women aged 45–64. It was least common in men aged 16–24 years and in women under 16 years of age. The majority (90%) of those who participated in rehabilitation had participated in rehabilitation of only one subsystem. Participation in rehabilitation of several subsystems was more common in women than in men. It was most common in those aged 45–64 years and least common in those under 16 years of age. Those who received rehabilitation of at least two subsystems were, on average, older than those who received rehabilitation of only one subsystem, and more often women.
It is difficult to compile comprehensive register data on rehabilitation, as the system is very fragmented and there are many organizers and registrars. Defining rehabilitation from the data also proved difficult. Unified information systems on rehabilitation would serve not only researchers but also rehabilitees.
Keywords: rehabilitation, register-based research, Finland
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Mårtensson, Ulrika, and Mark Sedgwick. "Preface." Tidsskrift for Islamforskning 8, no. 1 (February 23, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/tifo.v8i1.25321.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This special issue is the outcome of a generous invitation by the Center for Islamic Studies of Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio, to arrange a seminar on Nordic Islam at Youngstown State and to publish the proceedings in the Center’s journal, Studies in Contemporary Islam. To make the proceedings available to Nordic audiences, the proceedings are also being published in the Tidsskrift for Islamforskning. The seminar was held on 25–26 October 2010, and was highly rewarding. The contributors are grateful for the hospitality they received during their stay in Youngstown. They are also grateful to Professor Rhys Williams, Director of the McNamara Center for the Social Study of Religion at Loyola University Chicago, for contributing to the seminar and the special issue. Rhys Williams’ perspective is that of an experienced researcher of religion in the USA, and represents the logical opposite of the Nordic state model and its way of organizing welfare, civil society, and religion. Dr. Williams’ perspective helps to highlight the specifics of the Nordic context. Last but not least, the contributors wish to thank the editors of the Tidsskrift for Islamforskning.The fact that this special issue about Islamic institutions and values in the context of the Nordic welfare state is intended for both American and Nordic readers has inspired the framework that introduces the issue. The first three contributions constitute one group, as they each deal with the significance that the two different welfare and civil society models represented by the Nordic countries and the USA may have for the institutionalization of Islam and Muslims’ public presence and values. First, Ulrika Mårtensson provides a historical survey of the Nordic welfare state and its developments, including debates about the impact of neoliberal models and (de)secularization. This survey is followed by Rhys Williams’ contribution on US civil society and its implications for American Muslims, identifying the significant differences between the US and the Nordic welfare and civil society models. The third contribution, by Tuomas Martikainen, is a critical response to two US researchers who unfavorably contrast European ‘religion-hostile’ management of religion and Islam with US ‘religion-friendly’ approaches. Martikainen , with reference to Finland, that globalized neoliberal ‘new public management’ and ‘governance’ models have transformed Finland into a ‘postsecular society’ that is much more accommodating of religion and Islam than the US researchers claim.The last seven contributions are all concerned with the ‘public’ dimensions of Nordic Islam and with relations between public and Islamic institutions and values. In the Danish context, Mustafa Hussain presents a quantitative study of relations between Muslim and non-Muslim residents in Nørrebro, a part of Copenhagen, the capital, which is often portrayed in the media as segregated and inhabited by ‘not well integrated’ Muslims. Hussain demonstrates that, contrary to media images, Nørrebro’s Muslim inhabitants feel that strong ties bind them to their neighborhood and to non-Muslims, and they trust the municipality and the public institutions, with one important exception, that of the public schools.From the horizon of the Norwegian capital, Oslo, Oddbjørn Leirvik explores public discourses on Islam and values with reference to national and Muslim identity and interreligious dialogue; Leirvik has personal experience of the latter since its start in 1993. From the Norwegian city of Trondheim, Eli-Anne Vongraven Eriksen and Ulrika Mårtensson chart the evolution of a pan-Islamic organization Muslim Society Trondheim (MST) from a prayer room for university students to the city’s main jami‘ mosque and Muslim public representative. The analytical focus is on dialogue as an instrument of civic integration, applied to the MST’s interactions with the church and the city’s public institutions. A contrasting case is explored in Ulrika Mårtensson’s study of a Norwegian Salafi organization, whose insistence on scriptural commands and gender segregation prevents its members from fully participating in civic organizational activities, which raises questions about value-driven conditions for democratic participation.In the Swedish context, Johan Cato and Jonas Otterbeck explore circumstances determining Muslims’ political participation through associations and political parties. They show that when Muslims make public claims related to their religion, they are accused of being ‘Islamists’, i.e., mixing religion and politics, which in the Swedish public sphere is a strong discrediting charge that limits the Muslims’ sphere of political action in an undemocratic manner. Next, Anne Sofie Roald discusses multiculturalism’s implications for women in Sweden, focusing on the role of ‘Swedish values’ in Muslims’ public deliberations about the Shari‘a and including the evolution of Muslims’ values from first- to second-generation immigrants. Addressing the question of how Swedish Islamic schools teach ‘national values’ as required by the national curriculum, Jenny Berglund provides an analysis of the value-contents of Islamic religious education based on observation of teaching practices. In the last article, Göran Larsson describes the Swedish state investigation (2009) of the need for a national training program for imams requested by the government as well as by some Muslims. The investigation concluded that there was no need for the state to put such programs in place, and that Muslims must look to the experiences of free churches and other religious communities and find their own ways to educate imams for service in Sweden.
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Laitinen, Irmeli, Elizabeth Ettorre, and Carole Sutton. "Empowering depressed women: Changes in ‘individual’ and ‘social’ feelings in guided self-help groups in Finland." European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling 8, no. 3 (September 2006): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642530600878238.
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Salonen, Minna K., Eero Kajantie, Clive Osmond, Tom Forsén, Hilkka Ylihärsilä, Maria Paile-Hyvärinen, David J. P. Barker, and Johan G. Eriksson. "Role of Socioeconomic Indicators on Development of Obesity from a Life Course Perspective." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2009 (2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/625168.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aims. Development of obesity is modified by several factors, including socioeconomic ones. We studied the importance of socioeconomic indicators on the development of obesity from a life course perspective.Methods. 2003 people born 1934–1944 in Helsinki, Finland, participated in clinical examinations in 2001–2004. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI)>30 kg/m2.Results. Prevalence of obesity was 22.3% in men and 27.2% in women. Lower educational attainment and lower adult social class were associated with higher BMI in both men (P=.03andP<.01) and women (P<.001andP=.01). Childhood social class was inversely associated with BMI only in men (P<.001); lower household income was associated with higher BMI in women only (P<.001). Those men belonging to the lowest childhood social class had higher risk of being obese than those of the highest childhood social class (OR 1.8 (95% CI: 1.0–3.1)). Household income was the strongest predictor of obesity among women.Conclusion. Overweight and obesity are inversely associated with socioeconomic status. Men seem to be more susceptible to adverse childhood socioeconomic circumstances than women, while adult socioeconomic indicators were more strongly associated with obesity in women.
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Mattila, Tiina E. A., Ulla Ovaska, Birgitta Kinnunen, Veli-Matti Tuure, Jarkko Leppälä, Kirsti Taattola, Virve Rinnola, and Risto H. Rautiainen. "Experiences and Challenges of Foreign Agricultural Workers in Finland." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 27, no. 1 (2021): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.13893.
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HighlightsBetter control of musculoskeletal workload remains a key factor in improving working conditions on Finnish farms.Orientation and training of workers should be carefully prepared with attention to content, method, and timing.Continued training is needed, especially for foremen and the increasing number of long-term foreign workers.Abstract. Foreign workers have become an important part of the workforce on horticulture and livestock farms in Finland. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of foreign workers regarding their working and living conditions. We conducted semi-structured theme interviews during two time periods: in 2008-2009 (n = 40 workers on eight farms) and again in 2018-2019 (n = 9 workers on four farms). We found variations in expectations and goals among workers when they take a job abroad. Compelling factors in the origin country included unemployment, low wages, and low standards of living, and enticing factors in the destination country included social relationships and expectations of better income. Personal networks had a strong role in the recruiting processes. Work on farms is physically demanding, and being a foreign worker affects social life in many ways, such as being separated from family and facing pressures from the home community to arrange jobs for others. New communication technologies have improved possibilities to stay in contact. Employers could contribute to better working and living conditions for foreign workers by improving work organization, ergonomics at work, orientation of new workers, and continued training of supervisors. Worker orientation and training should be carefully planned, taking into consideration the limited language skills, work competence requirements, and possibilities for career advancement of the workers. Keywords: Descriptive study, Foreign farm workers, Horticulture, Occupational safety.
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Voutilainen, Miikka. "Poverty and Tax Exemptions in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Finland." Journal of Finnish Studies 20, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 67–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/28315081.20.1.04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The topic of this article is the nature and social character of Finnish rural poverty during the early stages of industrialization. Specifically, I analyze households exempted from two separate taxes in order to locate and study the rural poor. Contrary to several previous considerations deeming taxation sources unreliable in poverty studies, it is shown that under controlled settings tax exemption information does display promising features. These include a high exemption percentage of households without adult male members, small average household size of the tax exempted and a clear concentration of the exemptions on the lower rural social classes. My findings also highlight the fact that conclusions on the usability of the exemption information depend heavily on the selection of the tax studied. Taxes levied at individual level were not necessarily dependent on the households' economic status, and similarly household level taxes may have been independent of the inhabitants' social and economic conditions. On average, the exemption rates are in line with several accounts from pre-industrial Western Europe.